汉译英增词和减词

▪ 添加注释性的词语：
▪ 1．班门弄斧
▪ Show off one’s proficiency with the axe before Luban, the master carpenter.
▪ Show off one’s skills with the axe before an expert carpenter.
▪ 2．我们必须坚持社会主义道路，坚持人民 民主专政，坚持共产党的领导，坚持马列 主义和毛泽东思想。
▪ We must adhere to the socialist road, the people’s democratic dictatorship, the Communist Party’s leadership and Marxism-Leninism and Mao Zedong Thought.
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Omission
▪ 一、省译汉语中重复出现的词语
▪ 1我们要忠于党、忠于人民、忠于祖国。 ▪ We should be loyal to our party, to our
people and to our motherland.
▪ 二、为了保证译文意思更加明确。
▪ 文中暗含的意思：
▪ 1．大家都知道朝鲜战场是艰苦些。
▪ Everyone knows that life on the Korean battlefield was rather hard.
▪ 2．要提倡顾全大局。
▪ We should advocate the spirit of taking the whole situation into consideration.
▪ The garden was a paradise on earth, with more food and clothes than could be consumed and more money than could be spent.
1. 多年来那个国家一直有严重的失业现象。 ▪ For many years, there has been serious
▪ 4. 滥竽充数：
▪ pretend to play the yu(an ancient musical instrument) and retain one’s position in the orchestra; (of incompetent people or inferior goods) be there just to make up the number
differences between town and country. ▪ 2． 你白天还是晚上飞广州？ ▪ Do you fly to Guangzhou in the
daytime or at night? ▪ 3． 那我们山脚见吧。 ▪ Let’s meet at the foot of the hill.
▪ 1．大作收到，十分高兴。
▪ I am very glad to have received your writing. ▪ 2．没有调查就没有发言权。
▪ He who makes no investigation and study has no right to speak.
▪ 3．把这些故事看完以后，用你自己的话讲 一遍。
▪ 译文1：天还未还没有雪，但是叶子已经从树上 落下，草也枯死了。
▪ 译文2：雪还没下，但已叶落草枯。
▪ 5 The true joy of joys is the joy that joys in the joy of others.
▪ 6.It isn’t rum for a woman to want her old husband back, for respectability, though for a man to want his old wife back – well, perhaps it is funny, rather!（Jude the
▪ 3．村里的男女老少都喜欢那个小超市买 东西。
▪ Men and women, old and young in the village, all liked shopping in that small supermarket.
▪ 4． 我妈妈来了，我得回去了。
▪ My mother has arrived, so I have to leave now.
▪ 5．送君千里，终有一别。
▪ Although you may escort a guest a thousand miles, yet must the parting come at last.
▪ 介词：英语中的介词比汉语中活跃得多。
▪ 1．我们应该逐步消灭城ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้差别。 ▪ We should try to eliminate the
Obscure）
▪
一个）女人为了体面（的关系）而要（她的 从）前（的那个丈）夫回来，这并不（是） 奇怪（的事），虽然（一个）男人要（他 从）前（的那个）妻（子）回来，也许是 很有趣的事。
▪ 3. 质子带正电，电子带负电，而中子既不 带正电，也不带负电。
▪ A proton has a positive charge and an electron a negative charge, but a neutron has neither.
4.郭末若同志曾说：“中国人民历来是 勇于探索、勇于创造、勇于革命的。”
Comrade Guo Moruo once said, “The people of China have always been courageous enough to probe into things, to make inventions and to make revolution.”
▪ After you have read these stories, tell them in your own words.
▪ 4． 我们响应了祖国的号召。
▪ We responded to the call of our motherland.
▪ 5．她用手蒙住脸，好象是为了保护眼睛。
▪ She covered her face with her hands, as if to protect her eyes.
增加概括性的词语
▪ 1. 结婚大办酒席，实在可以免去了。 ▪ The practice of giving lavish feasts at
weddings can well be dispensed with. 2.也许您忘记了７月份的购货帐还没有
结算。 ▪ Perhaps you have overlooked the fact that
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2. 这些新型汽车速度快，效率高，行动灵活。 ▪ The new cars are fast, efficient and handy.
▪ 3. 我们不后退，我们从来没有后退过，我们将 来也决不会后退。
▪ We won’t retreat, we never have and never will. 4 There was no snow, but the leaves were gone from the trees and the grass was dead.
▪ 例：匪军所到，杀戮人民，奸淫妇女，焚毁村庄， 掠夺财物，无所不用其极。
▪ Wherever the bandit troops went, they massacred and raped, burned and looted, and stopped at nothing.
▪ 花园里面是人间的乐园，有的是吃不完的 大米白面，穿不完的绫罗绸缎，花不完的 金银财宝。（周而复《上海的早晨》）
增译法和减译法
Amplification and Omission
▪ 教学目的要求：在汉译英中能熟 练使用增词法和减词法的翻译技巧。
▪ 教学重点：增词法和减词法（代 词和连词）
▪ 教学难点：汉语排比句的翻译， 使用减词法。
▪ 一、为了保证语法结构的完整：
▪ 代词：汉语中有许多没有主语的句子，英语 则一般需要主语。另外汉语中很多名词前都 没有代词，需要增补。
Comrade Guo Moruo once said, “The people of China have always been courageous in exploration, innovation and revolution.”
二、原文中表示范畴的词：
▪ 1. 基于伊拉克目前社会动荡和纷扰不安的局面， 中国驻伊拉克大使馆已经向德国订购了两辆防 弹轿车。
▪ 6.孩子们天天带午饭到学校去吃。
▪ The children take their lunch to school every day.
▪ 7． 我们的心永远向着祖国。
▪ Our hearts are always towards our motherland.
▪ 连词：汉语重意合，英语重形合，把汉语翻译 成英语时，要适当增加连词。
▪ Under the leadership of the Party, the Chinese people have succeeded in their
三省略可能影响译文修辞效果的词语
▪ 汉语中，有时为了语言生动，常用具体形象词语 或成语比喻；有时为了加强语气，可连续使用好 几个短语，在翻译这类句子时，某些词语往往省 译，译出主要的和不可缺少的词语就可以了。
▪ 增补冠词
▪ 汉语里无冠词。有冠词是英语的特点之一， 名词前一般都有冠词，汉译英时要增补冠 词。
她不把他当阿公，而当作亲爹。
She considered him not a father-in-law but a father.
▪ 我们对问题要作全面的分析，才能 解决得妥当。
We must make a comprehensive analysis of problem before it can be properly solved.
▪ The Chinese embassy in Iraq has ordered two bulletproof cars from Germany due to the social unrest and upheaval in Iraq at present.
2. 在党的领导下，中国人民已经完成了解放事 业。
▪ 1. 虚心使人进步，骄傲使人落后。
▪ Modesty helps one to go forward, whereas conceit makes one lag behind.
▪ 2． 留得青山在，不怕没柴烧。
▪ So long as green hills remain, there will never be a shortage of firewood.
▪ 2．三个臭皮匠，合成一个诸葛亮。
▪ Three cobblers with their wits combined equal Zhuge Liang the mastermind.
▪ 3. 这对年轻夫妇并不相配，一个是西施， 一个是张飞。
▪ This young couple is not well-matched, one is a Xishi,--a famous Chinese beauty, while the other is a Zhangfei—a well-known illtempered brute.