专题04 自然灾害与防范-2024届高考英语时文阅读之语法填空专项训练(解析版)

2024届高考英语时文阅读之语法填空专项训练
专题04
自然灾难与防范
基础篇Natural Phenomena: The roaring of floods咆哮的洪水
巩固篇search continues for Morocco's quake survivors搜寻摩洛哥地震幸存者
提高篇Wildfire spreads on Spain's Tenerife西班牙特内里费岛野火集中专项微练单句语法填空非谓语动词专项训练
真题精选高考模拟连接名校真题演练
【原创题】
【基础篇】
There may not always be time to protect
yourself, but there are a few tips for dealing
1 floods covering three phases:
before, during and after a flood. When 2
(choose) a place to live, try to avoid the
floodplain-areas close to a water source, 3
can experience flooding during heavy rains. And
prepare some first aid bags along with your important 4 (document) in waterproof bags. Meanwhile, keep 5 eye on the warning systems. On July 7, more than 30,000 people in Donglan County, China's Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, were 6 (safe) transferred before flooding thanks to the warning system.
When a flood 7 (happen), do not walk, swim or drive through flood waters. 8 (move) water contains great power that can knock you down and sweep your vehicle away. 9 you have to walk in water, make sure the water is not moving and you have things like a safety rope. Don't return home until
authorities confirm it is safe. And be aware of water hygiene and power lines when you use them. Sometimes animals like snakes could appear in your house, you should wear gloves for sanitation and 10 (safe) .【答案】
1. with
2. choosing
3. which
4. documents
5. an
6. safely
7. happens
8. Moving
9. If 10. safety
【巩固篇】
People slept in the streets for a third straight
night as soldiers and international aid teams in
trucks and 1 (helicopter) began to fan
into remote mountain villages hit hardest by the
magnitude 6.8 quake, 2 struck 72
kilometers southwest of Marrakech late 3
Friday night. A Chinese medical team in Morocco
received a call from a local hospital shortly after
the quake, saying a pregnant woman 4 (experience) severe predelivery bleeding. A doctor from the team rushed to the hospital and conducted 5 emergency surgery to deliver a baby girl, according to reports from Chinese media outlets. Both mother and daughter were doing well, the reports 6 (add).
The team said it has performed multiple cesarean sections in the aftermath of the disaster, welcoming several new lives into the world. Flags 7 (lower) across Morocco, as King Mohammed VI ordered three days of national mourning starting on Sunday. He thanked Spain, Qatar, the UK and the UAE for 8 (they) assistance in search and rescue efforts, state TV reported. Morocco's deadliest quake was a magnitude 5.8 temblor in 1960 that struck near the city of Agadir, 9 (kill) at least 12,000. It prompted Morocco to change construction rules, but many buildings, 10 (especial) rural homes, are still not built to withstand strong tremors.
【答案】
1. helicopters
2. which
3. on
4. was experiencing
5. an
6. added
7. were lowered
8. their
9. killing 10. especially
【提高篇】
A wildfire on the Spanish island of Tenerife
that has forced thousands of people 1
(flee) their homes remained out of control on
Sunday, despite a slight 2 (improve) in
weather conditions during the night. Orange flames
lit 3 the night sky from Saturday into
Sunday on hillsides just above the lights of
inhabited areas, 4 thick black smoke
billowed high into the air.
Late on Saturday, emergency services said the fire was now affecting 10 towns, although 11 had been evacuated as a precaution. No major tourist areas 5 (affect). It covered an area of over 8,000 hectares (20,000 acres) with a perimeter of 70 km (40 miles), spreading from 5,000 hectares and a perimeter of 50 km early on Saturday. Regional 6 (authority)said over 12,000 people had been evacuated, revising down their earlier provisional estimate of 26,000.
Weather conditions overnight were "better than expected" Tenerife's fire brigade said on Sunday on X,
7 (form) known as Twitter. Fernando Clavijo, Canary Islands' regional leader, said the largest firefighting deployment in the history of Tenerife had so-far prevented the loss of any homes. Evacuations were ordered throughout Saturday due to worsening weather conditions. At 8 news conference late on Saturday, the head of Tenerife's local government Rosa Davila described the fire as "devastating" and said it had forced new evacuations.
The blaze broke out on Wednesday in a mountainous national park around the Mount Teide volcano - Spain's highest peak. Popular tourist areas on Tenerife, part of the Canaries archipelago in the Atlantic Ocean, have so far been unaffected 9 its two airports have been operating normally. Scorching heat and dry weather this summer have contributed to unusually severe wildfires in Europe, 10 (include) in Spain's La Palma island in July, and Canada. Blazes on Hawaii's Maui island earlier this month killed more than 110 people and wrecked the historic resort city of Lahaina. Scientists say climate change has led to more frequent and more powerful extreme weather events.
【答案】
1. to flee
2. improvement
3. up
4. while
5. have been affected
6. authorities
7. formerly
8. a
9. and 10. including
【专项微练：非谓语动词】
1．__________ (inspire) by the people she met online, she decided to start an IT club. (所给词的适当形式填空)【答案】Inspired
【详解】考查非谓语动词。

句意：在网上遇到的人的启发下，她打算创办一个IT俱乐部。

分析句子结构和意思可知，动词inspire和句子主语she 是规律上的动宾关系，要用过去分词形式，表示被动，作状语。

故填Inspired。

2．Last night, there were millions of people __________ (watch) the ceremony live on TV. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】watching
【详解】考查非谓语动词。

句意：昨晚，数百万人在电视上观看了颁奖典礼的现场直播。

分析句子结构可知，本句已有谓语动词were，所以watch应当用非谓语形式，和规律主语people之间是主动关系，用现在
分词形式。

故填watching。

3．Festivals help us understand where we came from, who we are and what ________ (appreciate). (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】to appreciate
【详解】考查不定式。

句意：节日挂念我们了解我们从哪里来，我们是谁，我们应当观赏什么。

依据句意
可知，空格处用不定式表将来，是“特殊疑问词加不定式”的用法，故填to appreciate。

4．________(inspire) by an over 1600-year-old text, Tu redesigned the experiment. （所给词的适当形式填空）【答案】Inspired
【详解】考查非谓语动词。

句意：在1600多年前文献的启发下，屠呦呦重新设计了这个试验。

句中有谓语designed，前后无连词，此处应用非谓语动词作状语，动词inspire和主语Tu是被动关系，应用过去分词inspired，单词位于句首，首字母大写，故填Inspired。

5．With eyes no longer ________(fix) on our phones, we had a chance to really enjoy each other’s company. （所
给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】fixed
【详解】考查非谓语动词。

句意：眼睛不再盯着手机，我们有机会真正享受彼此的陪伴。

逗号前面是with 复合结构，with+宾语+宾语补足语，宾语eyes和动词短语fix on(集中（目光，留意力，思想等）于)为被动关系，应用fix的过去分词形式，故填fixed。

6．The crowd looked upwards, and saw, with unspeakable fear, a huge cloud ________ (shoot) from the top of the volcano. （所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】shooting
【详解】考查非谓语动词。

句意：人群抬头望去，看到一片巨大的云从火山顶上喷射而出，他们的恐惊难以言表。

see sb./sth. doing固定搭配，意为“观察某人/某物正在做某事”，此处宾语a huge cloud和动词shoot 是主动关系，应用现在分词作宾语补足语，故填shooting。

7．To speed up the process, Tu and her team volunteered ________(test) qinghao extract on themselves. （所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】to test
【详解】考查非谓语动词。

句意：为了加快这个过程，屠呦呦和她的团队自愿在自己身上测试青蒿提取物。

volunteer to do sth.固定搭配，意为“自愿做某事”，故填to test。

8．He left his hometown, never ________ (hear) from again. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】to be heard
【详解】考查非谓语动词。

句意：他离开了家乡，从今以后再也没消息了。

分析句子结构可知，hear在句中应用非谓语动词形式，表将来与规律主语he构成被动关系，应用to be done形式。

never to do sth作结果状语。

故填to be heard。

9．—Do you have any idea what Paul does all day?
—As I know, he spends at least as much time playing as he does __________(write). (所给词的适当形式填空)【答案】writing
【详解】考查非谓语动词。

句意：——你知道保罗每天都做些什么吗？——据我所知，他花在玩耍上的时间至少和他写作上的时间一样多。

此处does代指上文提到的spends，spend time (in) doing固定搭配，意为“花费时间做某事”，所以此处应用动名词作宾语，故填writing。

10．They were made ______ (recite) sentences and passages from their books. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】to recite
【详解】考查非谓语动词。

句意：他们被要求背诵书本上的句子和段落。

分析句子可知，句中涉及固定短语“be made to do sth.”，意为“被要求做某事”，句中应用不定式“to recite”作主语补足语。

故填to recite。

【真题精选】
（2023·宁夏银川·银川一中校考二模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

A powerful 7.8 earthquake struck large areas of southern Turkey and northern Syria early Monday. At least 2,300 people were killed. ___11___ number of dead and injured will likely increase as rescue workers continue to search through the remains of ___12___ (destroy) buildings.
The earthquake was centered 23 kilometers east of Nurdagi in the Turkish province of Gaziantep. It struck at 4:17 in the morning local time. Many aftershocks ___13___ (hit) the area since the first quake.
On the Syrian side, the affected area includes rebel-controlled territory, ___14___ buildings have already been weakened from fighting in the country’s civil war. ___15___ (patient) including newborn babies were taken out of medical centers.
In Turkey, people tried to escape from affected areas by car, slowing efforts of emergency teams trying to enter the areas. ___16___ (religion) buildings in the affected areas were opened to provide shelter for people ___17___ (able) to return to damaged homes in the cold winter weather.
Monday’s powerful earthquake was felt as far away ___18___ Cairo, Egypt. People living in Lebanon’s capital, Beirut, ___19___ (awaken) by the quake. And in Syria’s capital Damascus, locals rushed into the street
___20___ (fear) the collapse of buildings.
【答案】
11．The 12．destroyed 13．have hit 14．where 15．Patients 16．Religious 17．unable 18．as 19．were awakened 20．fearing
【导语】这是一篇新闻报道，文章主要报道了周一土耳其和叙利亚发生猛烈地震的相关状况。

11．考查定冠词。

句意：随着救援人员连续在被毁建筑的废墟中搜寻，伤亡人数可能还会增加。

结合句意可知，此处指“伤亡的人数”，用固定短语the number of…“……的数量”，首字母应大写，故填The。

12．考查过去分词。

句意同上。

动词destroy和buildings之间是被动关系，故用过去分词作定语，表示“被毁坏的建筑”。

故填destroyed。

13．考查时态和主谓全都。

句意：自第一次地震以来，该地区又发生了多次余震。

依据时间状语“since the first quake”可知句子用现在完成时，主语aftershocks是名词复数，助动词用have，故填have hit。

14．考查定语从句。

句意：在叙利亚方面，受影响的地区包括反对派把握的领土，那里的建筑已经由于该国内战而受损。

分析句子可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是rebel-controlled territory，关系词在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where。

故填where。

15．考查名词复数。

句意：包括新生儿在内的病人都被赶出了医疗中心。

空处是句子主语，patient病人，是可数名词，由were可知应用名词复数作主语，首字母应大写，故填Patients。

16．考查形容词。

句意：受影响地区的宗教建筑已开放，为在寒冷的冬季无法返回受损家园的人供应避难所。

空处应填形容词作定语，修饰名词buildings，religious宗教的，形容词，首字母应大写，故填Religious。

17．考查形容词。

句意同上。

结合“provide shelter”可知，此处指“为在寒冷的冬季无法返回受损家园的人供应避难所”，应用形容词unable，表示“不能”，故填unable。

18．考查固定短语。

句意：周一的猛烈地震远至埃及开罗都有震感。

此处是固定短语“as+形容词/副词+as”结构，表示“像……一样……”，故填as。

19．考查时态、语态和主谓全都。

句意：黎巴嫩首都贝鲁特的居民被地震惊醒。

主语People和动词awaken 之间是被动关系，且此处是描述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时的被动语态，主语表示复数意义，be动词用were，故填were awakened。

20．考查现在分词。

句意：在叙利亚首都大马士革，当地人因担忧建筑物倒塌而涌上街头。

动词fear和规律主语locals之间是主谓关系，故用现在分词作状语，故填fearing。

（2023·四川自贡·统考二模）阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Chinese rescue teams helped save at least six people, including a pregnant woman and three children, in two separate ____21____(operate) in earthquake-stricken Turkey on Thursday.
The Zhejiang Rescue Team of Ramunion said that its members worked with Turkish soldiers and local rescuers to free five survivors, including three children, from a ____22____(heavy) damaged building at around 1:30 pm local time in Iskenderun, a port city in southern Hatay province.
In Antakya in the country’s south, the Chinese official rescue team, together ____23____ local rescuers, carried a pregnant woman out of the ____24____(danger) ruins of a building at around 1:30 am, according to China’s Ministry of Emergency Management. ____25____(save) the woman, rescuers and technical experts, led by Zhao Yang, deputy head of the Chinese rescue team, went into ____26____ ruins to survey the conditions before working out a rescue plan.
Chinese rescuers and experts participated in the entire rescue, ____27____was supported by equipment
____28____(bring) to Turkey by the Chinese team, the ministry said.
Seven rescuers from the Zhejiang Rescue Team of Ramunion, an NGO from Hangzhou, Zhejiang province, arrived in Turkiye at 1:30 pm on Wednesday.
They immediately ____29____(head) to Iskenderun after teaming up with a nine-member local logistics (后勤) support team. The Ramunion workers threw _____30_____(they) into the rescue attempt despite temperatures dropping to -8℃, according to the NGO.
【答案】
21．operations 22．heavily 23．with 24．dangerous 25．To save 26．the 27．which 28．brought 29．headed 30．themselves
【导语】本文是新闻报道。

文章主要介绍中国救援队在土耳其地震灾区救援的状况。

21．考查名词的数。

句意：周四，在地震灾区土耳其，中国救援队在两个单独的行动中救出了至少六人，其中包括一名孕妇和三名儿童。

分析句子结构和意思可知，这里考查名词的复数形式，作介词in的宾语，表示泛指。

故填operations。

22．考查副词。

句意：Ramunion的浙江救援队表示，其成员与土耳其士兵和当地救援人员合作，于当地时间下午1点30分左右，在哈塔伊省南部港口城市伊斯肯德伦，从一栋被损毁的建筑中救出了五名幸存者，其中包括三名儿童。

分析句子结构和意思可知，这里考查副词修饰形容词damaged。

故填heavily。

23．考查固定短语。

句意：据中国应急管理部称，凌晨1点30分左右，在该国南部的安塔基亚，中国官方救援队与当地救援人员一起，将一名孕妇从一栋建筑的危急废墟中抬了出来。

分析句子结构和意思可知，这里考查固定短语together with，意为“和…一起”。

故填with。

24．考查形容词。

句意：见第3题详解。

分析句子结构和意思可知，这里用形容词修饰后面的名词短语ruins of a building。

故填dangerous。

25．考查非谓语动词。

句意：为了救下这名妇女，救援人员和技术专家在中国救援队副队长赵阳的带领下，进入废墟调查状况，然后制定救援方案。

分析句子结构和意思可知，这里用动词不定式短语表示目的，作目的状语。

故填To save。

26．考查冠词。

句意：见第5题详解。

分析句子结构和意思可知，这里的ruins是上文提到的事物，所以用the，表示特指。

故填the。

27．考查定语从句。

句意：外交部表示，中国救援人员和专家参与了整个救援过程，并得到了中国团队带到土耳其的设备的支持。

分析句子结构和意思可知，7was supported by equipment 8(bring)
to Turkey by the Chinese team是非限制性定语从句，先行词指代前面的句子，在从句中作主语，指物，用关系代词which引导。

故填which。

28．考查非谓语动词。

句意：见第7题详解。

分析句子结构和意思可知，动词bring和被修饰的名词equipment 是规律上的动宾关系，所以用过去分词，表示被动。

故填brought。

29．考查谓语动词。

句意：在与一个由九名成员组成的当地后勤支持小组合作后，他们马上前往伊斯肯德伦。

分析句子结构和意思可知，这句话描述的是过去的事情，所以谓语用一般过去时。

故填headed。

30．考查反身代词。

句意：据该非政府组织称，尽管气温降至-8摄氏度，Ramunion的工人仍投入了救援行动。

分析句子结构和意思可知，这句话的宾语和句子主语是同一些人，所以用反身代词作宾语。

故填themselves。

阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

After firefighters from Southwest China’s Yunnan helped neighboring Chongqing Municipality bring a series of bushfires ____31____ control and returned home, they found no barrier in their path. ____32____ (Thanks) Chongqing residents crowded the streets, holding Chinese flags to see the firefighters off throwing ____33____ (bottle) water, food and even watermelons into the firefighters’ trucks as the vehicles rolled away, ____34____ (show) another heart-warming scene of the deep bond between the military and the people.
An extreme heat wave and ____35____ (dry) caused bushfires across Chongqing. Under the mobilization of the Ministry of Emergency Management, 736 firefighters from Yunnan ____36____ (arrange) to Chongqing to assist local efforts. The Yunnan Provincial Forest Fire Brigade said in a short video that “Yunnan and Chongqing are ____37____ family, we are of one mind… goodbye Chongqing.”
Some firefighters even rolled up their windows ____38____ (avoid) the small gifts. However, their efforts eventually failed as residents surrounded their vehicles and refused to leave ____39____ their gifts were accepted. Some netizens joked that Chongqing people are _____40_____ (relative) controlled, as they did not try and throw hot pot, a famous local delicacy, into the vehicles.
【答案】
31．under 32．Thankful 33．bottled 34．showing 35．drought 36．were arranged 37．a 38．to avoid 39．until/untill/till/unless 40．relatively
【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。

文章主要讲的是重庆市民为挂念自己灭火的云南官兵送行的感人场景。

31．考查介词。

句意：来自中国西南部云南省的消防队员挂念邻近的重庆市把握住了一系列森林大火并返回家园时，他们在前进的道路上没有发觉任何障碍。

结合句意空处应填介词under，bring…under control意为“把握住……；把……把握起来”，固定搭配。

故填under。

32．考查形容词。

句意：满怀感谢之情的重庆市民挤满了街道，举着国旗为消防员送行，在消防车驶离时，他们将瓶装水、食物甚至西瓜扔进消防车里，呈现出军民一家亲的另一个暖和人心的场景。

结合句意及空后的名词短语Chongqing residents可知应填形容词形式thankful，作定语修饰名词residents，空处位于句首，首字母需大写。

故填Thankful。

33．考查形容词。

句意：满怀感谢之情的重庆市民挤满了街道，举着国旗为消防员送行，在消防车驶离时，他们将瓶装水、食物甚至西瓜扔进消防车里，呈现出军民一家亲的另一个暖和人心的场景。

结合句意及空后的water可知应填形容词形式bottled，意为“瓶装的”，bottled water 意为“瓶装水”。

故填bottled。

34．考查非谓语动词。

句意：满怀感谢之情的重庆市民挤满了街道，举着国旗为消防员送行，在消防车驶离时，他们将瓶装水、食物甚至西瓜扔进消防车里，呈现出军民一家亲的另一个暖和人心的场景。

分析句子结构及句意可知空处应填非谓语动词的形式，当地百姓给部队官兵给送行这一幕与show之间为主动关系，应用现在分词表主动，作结果状语。

故填showing。

35．考查名词。

句意：极端热浪和干旱导致重庆各地发生山火。

结合句意及空前的名词短语An extreme heat wave and可知应填名词单数形式drought，与heat wave并列作主语。

故填drought。

36．考查动词时态语态和主谓全都。

句意：在应急管理部的动员下，云南的736名消防员被支配到重庆帮忙当地的工作。

空处应填谓语动词的形式，由句意可知动作发生在过去，句子主语736 firefighters为复数且与动词arrange之间为被动关系，所以应用一般过去时的被动语态。

故填were arranged。

37．考查冠词。

句意：云南省森林消防总队在一段短视频中表示：“云南和重庆是一家人，我们众志成城……，再见重庆。

”由句意可知此处表示“一家人”，表示泛指，family的发音以辅音音素开头。

故填a。

38．考查不定式。

句意：一些消防员甚至摇上窗户来避开这些小礼物。

由句意可知此处应填不定式的形式to avoid，作目的状语。

故填to avoid。

39．考查从属连词。

句意：然而，他们的努力最终以失败告终，由于居民们包围了他们的车辆，并拒绝离开，直到他们的礼物被接受。

结合句意空处应填until(l)或till，引导时间状语从句，表示“直到”，也可用unless 表示“除非”，故填ntil(l)/till/unless。

40．考查副词。

句意：一些网友开玩笑说，重庆人比较克制，由于他们没有尝试往车上扔火锅，火锅是当地有名的美食。

结合句意空处修饰形容词controlled(克制的)，应用副词形式，所以填副词relatively，作状语。

故填relatively。