2022年人教版高考英语考点复习必修5 Unit 2 The United Kingdom

Unit 2The United Kingdom
Visiting London
游览伦敦
One of the most exciting and interesting international cities to visit is London, England. Here is a look at free things to do during a vacation to London.
Wander Along the Thames
Visitors wanting to see some great architecture, attractions and views should spend an afternoon walking along the River Thames. The best place to start is at the world-famous London Bridge crossing over the river and you can walk all the way to Westminster Bridge a short distance away. Travelers doing this will find themselves passing by a great many historic buildings.
Explore the Local Markets
While purchasing items at any of the open markets in London is not necessarily free of charge, walking through them to view the merchants, their products and the other shoppers is of great fun. Some of the popular open markets in London worth visiting include Spitafields Market, Portobello Road Market and Leadenhall Market. 【外刊概要】本篇文章介绍了免费的伦敦旅游项目:漫步泰晤士河、探索当地集市。

主题语境人与自然课标话题主要国家地理概况
思维品质通过阅读外刊文章, 理解文章内容, 了解世界上主要英语国家的自然地理、历史、政治、风俗以及文化等方面的知识, 感受异国文化, 增强文化意识。

对接教材
必修3
Unit 5 Canada—“The True North” ;
必修5
Unit 2 The United Kingdom;
选修8
Unit 1 A land of diversity
Ⅰ. 一词多义(charge)
1. The British Museum charges no admission for entry. 收费; 索价
2. He forgot to charge the battery. 给……充电
3. The suspect was charged with murdering. 指控; 控告
4. She was charged with an important mission. 使承担责任, 委以责任
5. The troops charged and retreated and charged again. 进攻
Ⅱ. 佳句仿写
1. 他醒来时, 发现身边围了一群医生。

(find + 宾语+ 宾语补足语)
When he came to himself, he found himself surrounded by a group of doctors.
2. 虽然我承认有一些问题, 但我不认为这些问题无法解决。

(While)
While I admit that there are problems, I don’t agree that they cannot be solve d.
1. consist vi. 组成; 构成; 在于; 一致
【教材重温】How many countries does the UK consist of?(P9)
英国是由几个部分(国家)组成的?
【语境速测】单句语法填空
①The information consists with what is said in the newspaper.
②Real happiness consists of enjoying our rights and meanwhile fulfilling our duties.
③If what you say is not consistent (consist) with what you do, it will have a bad effect on your children.
④The new team consisting (consist) of ten people is very popular in this area.
【词块必记】
(1)consist of (=be made up of, be composed of) 由……组成
consist in(=lie in) 在于……; 存在于……
consist with 和……一致
(2)consistent adj. 一致的; 连续的
be consistent with 与……一致的; 符合的
【误区释疑】
consist of无被动语态, 不用于进行时。

【写作金句】
Real love consists not in what is done and known, but in what is done and not known.
真爱不在于做的事为人所知, 而在于做了不为人知的事。

2. credit n. 学分; 赊购; 贷款; 信任; 赞扬
vt. 认为……有良好的品质; 归功于
【教材重温】To their credit the four countries do work together in some areas (eg, the currency and international relations), but they still have very different institutions. (P10)
值得赞扬的是, 这四个国家的确在一些方面共同合作(例如在货币和国际关系方面), 但是有些制度仍然区别很大。

【语境速测】完成句子
①(2021·八省联考)The Pre-College Program offers non-credit courses.
大学预科课程提供非学分课程。

②To their credit they still help that old man.
值得赞扬的是他们仍然帮助那位老人。

③Most new cars are bought on credit.
大多数新汽车都是贷款购买的。

④They did not give him credit for his work until after he died.
他们在他死后才对他的功绩加以表扬。

⑤Your honesty does great credit to you.
你的诚实值得大大表扬。

【词块必记】
(1)to one’s credit为……带来荣誉; 值得赞扬的是
give sb. credit for 为……称赞某人; 信任某人
do sb. credit=do credit to sb. 使某人值得赞扬或表扬
(2)on credit 记账; 分期付款; 赊欠
【写作金句】
It is greatly to your credit that you gave back the money you found; your honesty does you credit.
你把找到的钱还回去了, 这很值得称赞; 你的诚实值得称赞。

3. convenience n. [U]方便; 便利; [C]便利的事物(或设施)
【教材重温】England is the largest of the four countries, and for convenience it is divided roughly into three zones. (P10)
在这四个国家中, 英格兰是最大的。

为方便起见, 它大致可以划分为三个地区。

【语境速测】单句语法填空
①Please reply at your earliest convenience (convenient).
②Wearing gloves might be a good choice, but sometimes it is inconvenient (convenient). 一句多译
③如果你方便的话我们希望你能出席我们的婚礼。

a. We hope that you will attend our wedding if it is convenient to/for you. (convenient)
b. We hope that you will attend our wedding at your convenience. (convenience)
【词块必记】
(1)at one’s convenience在某人方便时
for convenience 为方便起见
(2)convenient adj. 方便的; 便利的
if it is convenient (to/for you) 如果(你)方便的话
It is convenient for sb. to do sth. 对某人来说做某事很方便。

【写作金句】
The hotel is conveniently located close to the beach, thus making it popular among tourists.
宾馆坐落在海滩附近, 非常方便, 因而大受游客欢迎。

4. attract vt. 吸引; 引起注意
【教材重温】It is a pity that the industrial cities built in the nineteenth century do not attract visitors. (P10)
遗憾的是, 建于19世纪的工业城市并不能吸引游客。

【语境速测】单句语法填空
①(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷) Hotel and Hostel Des Artistes is located just a 10-minute walk from the central city station and it’s close to all of the city’s main attractions (attract).
②Historical buildings are both attractive (attract)and important to the majority of people.
句式改写
③The woman was attracted by the splendid picture unfolding before her eyes and determined to have a look.
→Attracted by the splendid picture unfolding before her eyes, the woman determined to have a look.
【词块必记】
(1)attract one’s attention/mind吸引某人注意力
be attracted by 被……所吸引
attract sb. to sth. 吸引某人关注某事
(2)attraction n. 吸引, 吸引力; 吸引人之物
have no/a little/much attraction for sb. 对某人没有/有一点/很有吸引力
(3)attractive adj. 有吸引力的
be attractive to 对……有吸引力
【发散思维】构词法
attractive; creative; positive; active; negative; relative; effective
【写作金句】
①Diverse ancient objects put on display in the museum have attracted visitors from every corner of the world.
博物馆展览的多样的古文物吸引了来自世界各地的游客。

②Among the various tourist attractions scattered throughout China, the Great Wall is one you couldn’t afford to miss.
在散布在中国各地的旅游景点中, 长城是一个你不能错过的地方。

【备选要点】
1. clarify vt. 澄清; 阐明
【教材重温】You can clarify this question if you study British history. (P9)
如果你研究英国历史, 你就能弄清楚这个问题。

【语境速测】单句语法填空
①I will be glad to clarify (clarify) any points that are still unclear.
②The expert has already clarified (clarify) his position.
③Some further clarification (clarify) is needed to make yourself fully understood.
【词块必记】
(1)clarify one’s position/stand阐明某人立场
clarify a situation/problem 澄清情况/问题
clarify an issue 澄清一个问题
(2)clarification n. 澄清; 说明
【发散思维】-ify词缀表示“使……变成; 使得”
以-ify结尾的常见的动词还有:
beautify美化
simplify简化
classify把……分类
【写作金句】Thank you for writing to me and allowing me to clarify my position. 谢谢你写信给我, 让我阐明我的立场。

2. conflict vi. 冲突; 抵触n. 矛盾; 冲突
【教材重温】Do these differences cause conflict or quarrels?(P12)
这些不同会引起冲突或争吵吗?
【语境速测】一句多译
他很谨慎, 尽量避免与妻子发生冲突。

①He is so cautious that he tries not to conflict with his wife.
②He is so cautious that he tries not to come into conflict with his wife.
③He is so cautious that he tries not to be in conflict with his wife.
完成句子
④In conflict with the opinion of the expert, he had to make more investigations. 与专家的意见相冲突, 他不得不进行更多的调查。

【词块必记】
(1)in conflict with与……冲突/矛盾
(2)come into conflict with 与……冲突/矛盾
(3)conflict with 与……冲突/矛盾
【写作金句】
Do not come into conflict with your parents. Try to talk it over.
不要和你的父母发生冲突, 试着和他们谈谈。

3. arrange vt. 筹备; 安排; 整理
【典型例句】Parents arrange everything for their children and spare no effort to pave the way for their success.
父母为孩子准备好一切, 不遗余力地为他们的成功铺路。

【语境速测】单句语法填空
①I have arranged for Tom to pick up the experts at the airport.
②It was arranged that they (should) leave (leave) the following spring.
③Please sign up at the office next Thursday so that we will make necessary arrangements (arrange).
【词块必记】
(1)arrange sth. for sb. 为某人安排某事
arrange to do sth. 安排做某事; 约定做某事
arrange for sb. to do sth. 安排某人做某事
(2)arrangement n. 安排; 筹备
make arrangements for. . . 安排……
【误区释疑】
①安排某人做某事:arrange for sb. to do sth.
②make arrangements (用复数) for
【写作金句】
Dave will arrange for someone to drive you to the hotel and you will be satisfied with the arrangements we have made. 戴夫会安排人开车送你去宾馆, 你会对我们的安排感到满意的。

4. delight vt. 使高兴; 使欣喜n. [U] 高兴; 愉快;
[C]令人高兴的事; 乐趣
【教材重温】Her first delight was going to the Tower. (P14)
她最先想参观的地方是伦敦塔。

【语境速测】单句语法填空
①He takes delight in finding (find) fault with others.
②It was the most delightful (delight) garden I had ever seen.
完成句子
③To his great delight/Much to his delight, his novel was accepted for publication.
使他极为高兴的是, 他的小说被批准出版了。

【词块必记】
(1)take (great) delight in以……为乐
with delight高兴地; 愉快地
to one’s delight=to the delight of sb. 使某人高兴的是
(2)delighted adj. 高兴的; 快乐的
delightful adj. 令人高兴的
be delighted at/with/by. . . 对……感到高兴
be delighted to do sth. /that. . . 为……而高兴
【写作金句】
What delighted the fans was that the young player performed extremely well in the table tennis tournament. 使粉丝们高兴的是, 这个年轻的选手在乒乓球锦标赛中表现得极其出众。

5. divide. . . into. . . 把……分成
【教材重温】England can be divided into three main areas. (P9)
英格兰可以分为三个主要地区。

【语境速测】单句语法填空
①(2021·浙江高考)It is calculated by dividing(divide) a person’s weight in kg by their height in meters squared, and a BMI (体重指数) of between 19 and 25 is considered healthy.
②Take the apple and divide it into halves.
③If you divide 20 by 2, you will get 10.
④The money is to be divided up equally among the five grandchildren.
⑤As the work can be divided among/between several people, it can be done efficiently. 【词块必记】
(1)divide. . . between/among在……之间分配
(2)divide. . . in half/into halves 把……分成两半
(3)divide. . . by ……除以……
(4)divide up 分配, 分割; 划分
【巧学助记】
【写作金句】
As we all know, a year can be divided into four seasons. I like spring best.
我们都知道, 一年可以分成四季, 我最喜欢春天。

6. leave out 省去; 遗漏; 不考虑
【教材重温】The Union Jack flag unites the flags of three countries in the United Kingdom. Which country is left out? (P11) 英国国旗代表英国三个国家的国旗, 哪个国家被排除在外了?
【语境速测】单句语法填空
①You’ve left out an important word in the sentence.
②You shouldn’t leave the boy behind, for he is too young.
③Barry took up the story where Justin had left off.
完成句子
④He was so absorbed in taking notes that he left out some important details of what the teacher said.
他全神贯注地记笔记, 以至于忽略了老师讲话的一些重要细节。

【词块必记】
leave alone不去打扰(某人); 让(某人)独自待着
leave aside 不予考虑; 搁置一边
leave behind 留下; 忘了带; 遗留
leave for 动身去
leave off 停止; 把……留给(某人)做
【写作金句】
Whenever you say something, never leave out others’ feelings.
无论何时你说什么, 都不要忽略别人的感受。

【备选要点】
1. break down (机器)出故障; 破坏; (谈判、希望、计划等)失败; 破裂; (化学)分解; (身体)垮掉
【典型例句】On our way to that famous tourist attraction, our car broke down, which made us very annoyed.
在我们去那个著名旅游景点的路上, 车抛锚了, 这使得我们很气恼。

【语境速测】写出下列句子中黑体部分的含义
①The car broke down on the way to the airport. 抛锚, 损坏, 出故障
②The peace talks broke down with no agreement reached. (谈判)失败
③Your health will break down if you work too hard. (身体)垮掉
④You should break down your methods so that each method does a particular work.
分解
⑤Their relationship eventually broke down after being married for 10 years.
(关系)破裂
【词块必记】
(1)break away(from)离开; 脱离
(2)break in插嘴; 闯入
(3)break into闯入; 突然……起来
(4)break out爆发
(5)break up分散; 拆散; 驱散; 分手
(6)break through取得突破; 克服
【巧学助记】
【写作金句】
①Having gone through such a narrow escape, the little girl could n’t help breaking down at the sight of her mother.
刚经历了死里逃生, 这个小女孩一看到妈妈忍不住都要崩溃了。

②Our trip to Mount Tai is excellent apart from the fact that our car broke down twice on the way. 我们去泰山的旅行很棒, 除了我们的车在路上抛锚了两次。

2. take the place of 代替; 替换
【典型例句】As far as I’m concerned, nothing can take the place of hard work.
就我而言, 没有什么能够取代努力工作。

【语境速测】单句语法填空
①In place of our advertised programme, we will be showing a film.
②She couldn’t attend the meeting so her assistant took her (she) place.
完成句子
③The evening party will take place on New Year’s Eve. 晚会将在新年前夕举行。

【词块必记】
take place 发生; 举行
take one’s place任某人的职务; 取代某人
in place of 代替; 取代
in place在适当的位置
out of place不适当的; 不在适当的位置上
【写作金句】
For a persistent mind, nothing can take the place of endless hardship in shaping personality.
对坚持不懈的人来说, 没有什么能比无尽的磨难更能塑造人的性格。

7. It seemed strange that the man who had developed communism should have lived and died in London.
这似乎是一件怪事:这位发展了共产主义的人竟然在伦敦生活过, 并且在伦敦去世。

【语境速测】完成句子
①It’s a great pity that Jim wasn’t invited.
吉姆没有受到邀请, 真是令人遗憾。

②It is important that we should keep calm when we are facing difficulties.
重要的是, 在面对困难时我们应保持冷静。

③It is a wonder that you could finish such a hard task in such a short time.
真奇怪, 你竟能在如此短的时间内完成如此艰巨的任务。

【句型公式】
(1)在It + be/seems + strange (necessary, important, natural, a pity, a shame. . . ) that. . . 句型中, that所引导的主语从句的谓语动词常用“should+动词原形”这种虚拟语气形式, should 可以省略。

强调过去的情况时可用“should+have done”形式。

(2)should常用于主语从句表示“惊奇、怀疑、惋惜、理应如此”。

【写作金句】
It was a pity that she should have turned down such an appealing and profitable offer.
她竟然拒绝这样一个吸引人的高薪工作, 真是令人遗憾。

【备选要点】
You must keep your eyes open if you are going to make your trip to the United Kingdom enjoyable and worthwhile.
如果你想让你的英国之行变得愉快和有价值, 你必须睁大你的眼睛(留心观察)。

【语境速测】单句语法填空
①Comfortable bikes and a smooth tour route make cycling between the sites fun and relaxing (relax).
②Lily had to shout to make herself heard (hear) above the noise of the traffic.
完成句子
③Color is the key to making a room feel the way you want it to feel.
颜色是让房间有你想要的感觉的关键。

④We made him captain of our school volleyball team.
我们选他当校排球队队长。

【句型公式】
“make +宾语+ 宾语补足语” 结构
该结构中宾语通常是名词或代词, 宾语补足语除了形容词之外还可以由名词、过去分词、不定式等来充当。

具体形式如下:
【写作金句】
①Speaking of table manners, you should make your voice low and pleasant during the meal.
说到餐桌礼仪, 吃饭的时候要保持声音低、令人愉悦。

②I’m not very good at German, but I can make myself understood.
我的德语不是很好, 但我可以让别人明白我的意思。

1. (2021·全国甲卷) Walking up a path through the forest towards Shutlingsloe, a local high point,
I came across a small clearing and immediately noticed (notice) the dead yellow grasses set against the fresh snow.
2. (2021·全国甲卷) And officials at Port Lympne were delighted (delight) with the new arrival, especially as black rhinos are known for being difficult to breed in captivity (圈养).
3. (2020·新高考全国Ⅰ卷)A few years later, still attracted (attract) to the country, he returned to Uzbekistan to write an article about the disappearance of the Aral Sea.
4. As the story unfolded(fold), the heroine’s inner feeling was complicated, which makes us fail to catch her emotion well.
5. (2020·新高考全国Ⅰ卷) Remember, even world champion athletes practice their skills on a consistent (consist) basis.
6. (2020·新高考全国Ⅰ卷) Many people have the hobby of collecting (collect) things, e. g. stamps, postcards or antiques.
7. You will live in a town close to the countryside in a furnished (furnish) house.
8. Wales was linked (link) to England in the thirteenth century and remained one part of Great Britain.
9. There is no possibility (possible) that the visiting team will win the game.
in memory of, divide. . . into, leave out, be unwilling to, break away from, conflict with, consist of, at one’s convenience, refer to, take pride in
1. Those results conflict with earlier findings.
2. The royal family consists of the king, the queen and their relations.
3. Our English course is divided into modules on drama, novels and poetry.
4. The group broke away from the Labour Party in 1932.
5. A word is left out, so t he sentence doesn’t make sense.
6. We can meet later to discuss this further at your convenience.
7. Susan was unwilling to get married.
8. In his speech, he referred to a recent trip to New Zealand.
9. People tend to take pride in keeping everything fresh and inviting.
10. A special reading activity has been held in our school in memory of Mark Twain, one of the greatest novelists in the 19th century.
1. It seemed strange that the man who had developed communism should have lived and died in London.
仿写:很奇怪, 她竟然未经允许就拿走了那些书。

It seems strange that she should have taken the books without permission.
2. Now when people refer to England you find Wales included as well.
仿写:我发现他的计划很难执行。

I found his plan difficult to carry out.
3. It looked splendid when first built!
仿写:当被怀疑偷钱时, 他情绪低落。

When suspected of stealing the money, he was in low spirits.
4. Worried about the time available, Zhang Pingyu had made a list of the sites she wanted to see in London.
仿写:在十天的旅行之后, 这对夫妇回到了家, 虽然疲惫但是很开心。

After ten days’ travelling, the couple arrived home, tired but happy.
得知你准备去英国旅游, 想了解有关英国的历史文化, 你的英国朋友写了一封简要的介绍文章, 内容包括:
1. 英国的地理位置;
2. 英国的历史地位。

注意:
1. 词数100左右;
2. 可以适当增加细节, 以使行文连贯;
3. 务必使用本单元学过的词汇、短语和句型。

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【参考范文】
The full name of the UK is “the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland”, which consists of four countries—England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland, among which England is the largest one. Located in the northwest of Europe, the UK is separated from the Europe Continent by the English Channel.
As the first industrial country, the UK used to be the strongest country in the world from the 18th century to the early 20th century. Until today it is still a highly influential world power whos e capital London is Europe’s largest and most international city.。