Cultural_values跨文化交际文化价值观模式
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1) A good tan（棕褐色） is a reflection of a healthy, active lifestyle and makes a person more attractive. you will probably ----(find time to lie out in the sun or even go to a tanning salon. )
irrational vs. rational,
moral vs. immoral. 整理课件
10
1.3The Value Hierarchy
•US
• hospitality to guests
• cleanliness
Tertiary Values
Alleviation of the pain and
[see P57-58 ]
整理课件
5
1.1. Perception & cultures
Perceptions are stored within each human being in the form of beliefs + values = cultural patterns
整理课件
6
1.2. Beliefs
• How to get: 1. from one’s family 2. from school teachers; 3. from one’s peers (friends, schoolmates, play mates; 4. from society at large
整理课件
12
• Where to find 1. from people’s behavior pattern 2. from what people say about themselves; 3. from myths, tales of heroes and rituals; 4. from folk tales, movies, proverbs, sayings, etc.
1) = Human nature orientation 人性取向
2) = Man-nature orientation 人与自然的关系取向
3) = Time orientation
时间取向
4) = Activity orientation
行为取向
5) = Social orienta整ti理o课n件
2)Suntanned skin reflects a low social status, you will probably----( make an extra effort to avoid exposing yourself to the
sun by wearing a hat, long-sleeved shirt, and perhaps gloves, and carrying an umbrella, on sunny days. )
人际取向 18
2.2 Kluckhohn and Strodtbeck’s five value orientations (P74)
oriantation Basic values
2)Values are shared ideas about what is true, right, and beautiful which underline cultural patterns and guide society in response to the physical and social environment.” (Nanda &Warms)
• “Perception is the process of selecting, organizing, and interpreting sensory data in a way that enables us to make sense of our world.” (Gamble and Gamble) (P56)
整理课件
Байду номын сангаас
14
2. Cultural Patterns
2.1 Definitions
2.2 Kluckhohn, Kluckhohn and
Strodtbeck Value Orientation
2.3 Hofstede’s Values Dimension
2.4 Hall’s Context Orientation
整理课件
3. IC Strategies
15
2. 1 Cultural Patterns
Perceptions are stored within each human being in the form of beliefs + values = cultural patterns.
• Cultural pattern taxonomies are used to illustrate the dominant beliefs and values of a culture.
evil vs. good,
dirty vs. clean,
dangerous vs. safe,
decent vs. indecent,
ugly vs. beautiful,
unnatural vs. natural,
abnormal vs. normal,
paradoxical vs. logical,
truths. • One of the most important functions of beliefs is that
they form the basis of your values,
整理课件
7
1.2. Beliefs
4. Beliefs are usually reflected in your actions and communication behavior. Eg
整理课件
13
US Dominant cultural patterns (P62-65)
• Individualism, • Equality, • Materialism, • Science and technology, • Progress and change, • Work and leisure, • Competition
整理课件
16
2.How to classify different culture patterns?
Variations of Value Studies
Kluckhohn and Strodtbeck’s
Value Orientation
Hofstede’s Dimensions of Cultural Variability
整理课件
8
1.3 Values
1)A Value is an enduring belief that a specific mode of conduct or end-state of existence is personally or socially preferable to another.
2. Your perceptual patterns are learned. “perception is culturally determined. We learn to see the world in a certain way based on our cultural background.”
整理课件
4
1.1. Perception & cultures
Two ways that culture influences the perception process:
1. Perception is selective. What is allowed in is, in part, determined by culture.
Chapter Three
Cultural Values/Patterns/Orientations
整理课件
1
Contents
1. Perception, Belief and Values 2. Cultural Patterns
3. Application of theories
整理课件
2
1. Perception, Belief and Values
3)) Values are a learned organization of rules for making choices and for resolving conflicts.
整理课件
9
1.3 Values
4) Hofstede: Values are “a broad tendency to prefer certain states of affairs over others”. E.g.
suffering of others
Secondary Values
securing material
possessions
•Democracy
Primary Values
•
• the protection of oneself
and close family member
整理课件
11
1.3. How to get and where to find values?
Social
Masculinity Vs
Relationship
Femininity
整理课件
17
2.2 Model by Kluckhohn (P74-79).
5 basic questions that need answering at the root of any culture:
• 1) What is the character of human nature? • 2) What is the relation of man to nature? • 3) What is the orientation toward time? (temporal focus) • 4) What is the mode of human activity? • 5) What is the mode of human relationship?
Edward T Hall’s Context - Culture
Theory
Human Nature Man-nature
Time Activity
Individualism Vs Collectivism
Uncertainty Avoidance
Power Distance
High-Context Low-Context
1.What are beliefs? Beliefs are our convictions in the truth of something—
with or without proof..(p58) 2. How did you acquire them?
Beliefs are shaped by the individual’s culture.” 3. What function do they perform? • Beliefs are important because they are accepted as
1.1 Perception
1.2 Beliefs 1.3 Values
2. Cultural Patterns
整理课件
3
1. 1 What is perception?
• Perception is primary in the study of intercultural communication, because our information about and knowledge of our physical and social world are mediated(传 达 )by perceptual processes. Our perceptions give meaning to all those external forces: symbols, things, people, ideas, events, ideologies and faith.
irrational vs. rational,
moral vs. immoral. 整理课件
10
1.3The Value Hierarchy
•US
• hospitality to guests
• cleanliness
Tertiary Values
Alleviation of the pain and
[see P57-58 ]
整理课件
5
1.1. Perception & cultures
Perceptions are stored within each human being in the form of beliefs + values = cultural patterns
整理课件
6
1.2. Beliefs
• How to get: 1. from one’s family 2. from school teachers; 3. from one’s peers (friends, schoolmates, play mates; 4. from society at large
整理课件
12
• Where to find 1. from people’s behavior pattern 2. from what people say about themselves; 3. from myths, tales of heroes and rituals; 4. from folk tales, movies, proverbs, sayings, etc.
1) = Human nature orientation 人性取向
2) = Man-nature orientation 人与自然的关系取向
3) = Time orientation
时间取向
4) = Activity orientation
行为取向
5) = Social orienta整ti理o课n件
2)Suntanned skin reflects a low social status, you will probably----( make an extra effort to avoid exposing yourself to the
sun by wearing a hat, long-sleeved shirt, and perhaps gloves, and carrying an umbrella, on sunny days. )
人际取向 18
2.2 Kluckhohn and Strodtbeck’s five value orientations (P74)
oriantation Basic values
2)Values are shared ideas about what is true, right, and beautiful which underline cultural patterns and guide society in response to the physical and social environment.” (Nanda &Warms)
• “Perception is the process of selecting, organizing, and interpreting sensory data in a way that enables us to make sense of our world.” (Gamble and Gamble) (P56)
整理课件
Байду номын сангаас
14
2. Cultural Patterns
2.1 Definitions
2.2 Kluckhohn, Kluckhohn and
Strodtbeck Value Orientation
2.3 Hofstede’s Values Dimension
2.4 Hall’s Context Orientation
整理课件
3. IC Strategies
15
2. 1 Cultural Patterns
Perceptions are stored within each human being in the form of beliefs + values = cultural patterns.
• Cultural pattern taxonomies are used to illustrate the dominant beliefs and values of a culture.
evil vs. good,
dirty vs. clean,
dangerous vs. safe,
decent vs. indecent,
ugly vs. beautiful,
unnatural vs. natural,
abnormal vs. normal,
paradoxical vs. logical,
truths. • One of the most important functions of beliefs is that
they form the basis of your values,
整理课件
7
1.2. Beliefs
4. Beliefs are usually reflected in your actions and communication behavior. Eg
整理课件
13
US Dominant cultural patterns (P62-65)
• Individualism, • Equality, • Materialism, • Science and technology, • Progress and change, • Work and leisure, • Competition
整理课件
16
2.How to classify different culture patterns?
Variations of Value Studies
Kluckhohn and Strodtbeck’s
Value Orientation
Hofstede’s Dimensions of Cultural Variability
整理课件
8
1.3 Values
1)A Value is an enduring belief that a specific mode of conduct or end-state of existence is personally or socially preferable to another.
2. Your perceptual patterns are learned. “perception is culturally determined. We learn to see the world in a certain way based on our cultural background.”
整理课件
4
1.1. Perception & cultures
Two ways that culture influences the perception process:
1. Perception is selective. What is allowed in is, in part, determined by culture.
Chapter Three
Cultural Values/Patterns/Orientations
整理课件
1
Contents
1. Perception, Belief and Values 2. Cultural Patterns
3. Application of theories
整理课件
2
1. Perception, Belief and Values
3)) Values are a learned organization of rules for making choices and for resolving conflicts.
整理课件
9
1.3 Values
4) Hofstede: Values are “a broad tendency to prefer certain states of affairs over others”. E.g.
suffering of others
Secondary Values
securing material
possessions
•Democracy
Primary Values
•
• the protection of oneself
and close family member
整理课件
11
1.3. How to get and where to find values?
Social
Masculinity Vs
Relationship
Femininity
整理课件
17
2.2 Model by Kluckhohn (P74-79).
5 basic questions that need answering at the root of any culture:
• 1) What is the character of human nature? • 2) What is the relation of man to nature? • 3) What is the orientation toward time? (temporal focus) • 4) What is the mode of human activity? • 5) What is the mode of human relationship?
Edward T Hall’s Context - Culture
Theory
Human Nature Man-nature
Time Activity
Individualism Vs Collectivism
Uncertainty Avoidance
Power Distance
High-Context Low-Context
1.What are beliefs? Beliefs are our convictions in the truth of something—
with or without proof..(p58) 2. How did you acquire them?
Beliefs are shaped by the individual’s culture.” 3. What function do they perform? • Beliefs are important because they are accepted as
1.1 Perception
1.2 Beliefs 1.3 Values
2. Cultural Patterns
整理课件
3
1. 1 What is perception?
• Perception is primary in the study of intercultural communication, because our information about and knowledge of our physical and social world are mediated(传 达 )by perceptual processes. Our perceptions give meaning to all those external forces: symbols, things, people, ideas, events, ideologies and faith.