2019年中考英语阅读理解推理判断题练习(推荐)

2019年中考英语阅读理解推理判断题练习
(名师精选真题实战训练+答案，值得下载练习)
【知识点精讲】
推理判断题是每年中考的必考题型之一，也是英语阅读理解中难度较大的题型，属于深层理解题。

它要求学生对文章中的内容及作者的思路做出合理的判断和推理，也就是要运用逻辑推理能力推论出蕴含在文章中却没有明说的事实及暗示的含义，即英语中所说的“read between the lines”。

因此，学生应在理解全文的基础上，从文章本身所提供的信息出发，运用逻辑思维，并借助一定的常识进行分析、推理，在已知和未知信息之间搭起桥梁，透过字里行间，体会“弦外之音”，从而揭示文章的深层涵义。

一、推理判断题出题方式
【设题类型】
1. 细节推理：直接推理，正确选项是由文中的某处具体信息直接推倒出来的。

2. 归纳推理：需要就文中所提供的多处信息进行归纳综合，推导出新的结论。

【推理判断题设问形式】
1. Which of the following is (not) mentioned in the paragraph?
2. What can we infer from the last sentence?
3. What do you think would happen (to …) at the end of the story?
4. We can learn from the last par agraph that _________.
5. We can infer from the passage that __________.
6. From this passage, we can infer that __________.
7. From the passage, we know that __________.
8. The writer believes that ___________.
二、4招巧解推理判断题
第1招：根据题干中的关键词在原文中定位
某些推理判断题往往也针对文中的事实或细节而设置，因此也可以根据题干中的人
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物、地点、时间、陈述对象等关键词语在原文中定位，然后根据原文内容进行正确的推理和判断。

示例1
The man left with no hope at all. He didnt know what to do with
only $10 in his pocket. He thought and thought. Then he went to the
supermarket and bought 10 kilos of tomatoes. He sold the tomatoes
from door to door. In less than two hours, he had 20 dollars. He
repeated the operation three times, and started to go early every day,and returned home late. Shortly , he bought a cart, then a truck, then he had his own fleet of delivery vehicles. Five years later, the man was one of the biggest food retailers (零售商) in the US.
49. Why could the man become one of the biggest food retailers in
the US?
A. Because he had many friends to help him.
B. Because he was smart and worked very hard.
C. Because he had his own fleet of delivery vehicles.
D. Because he wanted to show Microsoft he was living.
第2招：不要试图在原文中直接寻找答案
推理判断题的答案，是根据文中的细节或局部内容推理得出的，是文中细节内容隐含的深层次含义，因此不可能在原文中直接找到对应的陈述。

示例2
So how can you make things easier on yourself? It’s easier than you thin k. Just make sure your parents know what you’re doing. Get them to know your friends. Phone if you stay somewhere else so that your parents don’t call every hospital in the phone book looking for your body. Say sorry to them when you make mistakes. Take responsibility for what you have done. Talk about your ideas with them. They
may talk about theirs with you.
2.The writer thinks ______________.
A.it’s wrong of parents to worry about their children too much
B. some parents are unfriendly, which makes their children angry
C. children should do everything as their parents say
D. parents love their children very much and the children should understand them
第3招：要有全局观念，理清上下文的逻辑关系。

有些推理判断题，虽然是针对文中的某项细节而设，但往往并不能直接从该细节中得出答案，而需要结合细节前后的内容甚至细节所在的段落内容综合推断出，因此，在解答这类题时，不要只是根据只言片语推出答案，而是要充分结合上下文。

示例3
You can set up a plan to finish homework or go to a doctor or psychologist to try to work things out with your family or your friends. But sometimes you can’t change a stressful situation. Sometimes you don’t even want to. A big change might be
a good change, but it will still be stressful.
57.From the last sentence of Paragraph 5 we can infer that ____________.
A.it’s difficult to change a stressful situation
B. it’s not stressful when a good change take s place
C. a big change will cause another stressful situation
示例4
The baby eagle（鹰）fell down, faster and faster. He looked up at his mum, “Why do
you abandon me? He looked down at the earth. The ground was much closer. Then
something strange happened. The air caught behind his arms and he began to fly!
He wasn’t moving to the ground any more. Instead, his eyes were pointed up at the
sun.
“You are flying! You can make it!” His mother smiled.
50.We can infer from the story that ____________.
A.the baby eagle lost his mother
B. the baby eagle felt down and died
C. the baby eagle could get food himself
D. the baby eagle was still angry with his mother
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第4招：根据主旨大意进行归纳、推理、判断
示例5
As we drove from the station in the car, she began telling me a
story. A few days earlier, her brother had run out of gas. A good man picked him up, took him to a s ervice station and then back to his car. “I’m must passing the favor(善行) along,” she said.
When I offered her money as a thank-you, she wouldn’t accept. “Just do something
nice for somebody. Pass it along,” she said.
35.The bus driver hoped that the writer ___________.
A. would drive someone home
B. would help someone in need
C. would keep her in memory
D. would give the money to others
【专题实战练习】
1.
Reading Oliver James'Affluenza,I thought about what often happens at home.My 12-year-ole daughter is in tears."I have so take a test tomorrow.I don't understand any of it,"she cries out.After shouting and shutting her door,she calms down enough to go through her notes.The following day I ask her how the test went and the just says"OK,I got a nine".
"Wow.well done!"I say,before she finishes with "But I never get a ten!" According to James,this obsession with getting top marks has been a bad development,which encourages people to think of education in terms of work and money.To test this,I asked my daughter why she was so worried about her tests.She looked at me as if I was thick."Well,if I don't get good grades,I won't be able to afford nice things like a car and stuff." I was quite surprised,because I don't consider myself a pushy parent.But James suggests and it leaves students feeling failures even if they are very bright.He points to the Danish system of education as a better model.
Creating happy citizens who have good social skills is seen as more important than high achievements at school or the needs of business. For me,I cannot remember the last time I had to work out the area of a circle,recite a Shakespeare poem or grammar rules,yet I have lived a happy life.What I really needed to learn at
school was how to make polite conversations,or how to avoid getting into debt or how to develop good personality.
This is in fact similar to what Oliver James really has in mind.And he is looking for schools where students are encouraged to find and follow their own interests,something more like Tongjon.Tongjon has been developed in some Korean private schools.It is quite different from the more rigid system of learning things by heart that is used in Korea,and indeed in many other school systems around the world. As the Russian poet Pushkin said,"Inspiration(灵感）is needed in geometry(几何学）just as much as in poetry ",and inspiration does not come from endlessly revising for tests or getting worried about them .
56.What does the writer probably think of his/her daughter?
A.She sets herself a goal too high to reach.
B. She should be more polite to her parents.
C. She is hard-working but not very bright.
D. She takes her grades much too seriously.
2.
Assertiveness is the ability to confidently express your opinions,feelings,
attitudes, and rights, in a way that doesn't infringe（侵犯）the rights of
others.
Many of us are taught that it is not nice to consider our own needs above those of others. If someone says or does something that we don't like, we should just be quiet and try to stay away from that person in the future.
Why is Assertiveness important?
If you don't know how to be assertive, you might experience:
Depression - Anger, a sense of being helpless, hopeless, or of having no control over your life.
Resentment - Anger at others for taking advantage of you.
Frustration - Why did I allow that to happen?
Most people find it easier to be assertive in some situations than in others. This makes perfect sense. It's a lot easier to hold your ground with a stranger than with someone you love. But the more important the relationship is to you, the more important is to be assertive. Assertive behavior leads to increased respect from others！
But before you decide to act assertively, you have to decide if you can live with the results. Although assertive behavior usually will result in a positive response (积极的回应)，some
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people might react differently.
How to be effectively（有效地）assertive:
•Use "I" statements. Keep the focus on the problem you're having. "I'd like to be able to tell my stories without interruption." instead of "You're always interrupting my stories ! "
•Use facts, not opinions. "Did you know that shirt has a hole?" instead of "You're not going out looking like THAT, are you?" •Express ownership of your thoughts, feelings, and opinions. "I get angry when he breaks his promises. " instead of "He makes me angry. "
• Make clear and direct requirements. Don't invite the person to say no. "Will you please?" instead of 'Would you mind．．．?" or "Why don't you．．．?"
•Keep repeating your point. Use a low level and pleasant voice. Don't try to explain yourself.
53. The writer probably agrees that____________.
A.you should consider others' response before you act assertively
B. you should be assertive if you want to get good marks
C. assertiveness is the ability to infringe others' rights
D. assertive behavior will bring you bad feelings
3.
I will never forget the very moment that caused me to leave mygift
behind because I wanted the gift that my older sister Maria had.
My family was spending a week at the beach. One morning, Maria went
to the beach early, but I stayed behind to finish a drawing of a
seashell. After finishing the drawing, I walked to join Maria. She
was a top gymnast. Her show was perfect as she wheeled along the beach. The beauty of that sight f roze me, and I decided immediately
thatI too would become a gymnast like her.
I knew that I had never been very good at sports. However, when
I told my parents I wanted to take a gymnastics class, they agreed with me in surprise. The next we ek, I went to a beginners’ class.
If only my parents had talked me out of this misguided plan!
Five minutes into the first class, it was clear that I didn’t have
the gift of a gymnast. But I kept at it.
During this time, drawing and painting---which had been my two
favorite---sall but left my mind. It must have been hurting for my
family as they watched my hopeless efforts. I blindly decided to be
like Maria. I just would not give up.
At the same time, on the advice of Ms. White, my art teacher,I
hurriedly handed in my seashell---drawing for an art contest in our
town. One night as I was having a hard time practicing, the phone
rang. It was Ms. White. “Alice, you won the contest!” she said
loudly.
“Really?” was all I could reply. “Yes,” Ms. White said. “They
are going to give you a prize. And thats not all. The winner is
also accepted into Wildale’s Summer Fine Arts Institute.I coul dn’t
believe what I heard. Only a handful of young artists were accepted each summer.
That night I didn’t go back into the living room to continue
practicing. Gymnastics was Maria’ gift, not mine. It had taken me a
while, but I realized that I had a gift of my own.
56. From the story, we can infer that ________.
A. Alice’sparents disagreed with her choice of gymnastics
B. Alice did not realize her gift in drawing and painting at first
C. Alice spent a hard time preparing for the art contest in the
town
D. Alice couldnt believe the news that she got the prize for
painting
【课堂综合练习】
1.
The right name is important in the business world. All you have to do is think of the names for some of the products you buy every day and you’ll agree that the name and the product are connected in everyone’s mind.
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In many countries, successful trade or brand names are protected by law. This is so that other companies cannot make a product and, in fact, be buying something different. Businesses register a company or a product name with the government. In fact, more than 1,000 product and company names are registered every hour. Many companies spend a lot of money to find the right name for their products. A good example of this is in the car industry. Some successful names for cars have powerful associations （联系）.The Ford Mustang and the Jaguar are only two examples of choosing the names of animals that are fast and strong.
When a U. S company decides to sell its product in another country, it has to make sure that the product name translates properly. When Coca-Cola introduced its soft drink to China, it looked for the right name. It wanted a name that would do two things. One was to present its image（形象）in Chinese and the second was to be close to its first brand name—Coke. It took some efforts before finding the right word —which sounds similar and translates as “happiness in the mouth”. Asian company names are not new to the United States. The brand names of Samsung and Sony have been successful. Finding the right brand name is a big business. Asian companies that sell to foreign markets pay to find a name that will connect with its customers.
There are even naming companies that specialize in inventing product names. These companies can charge （要价）up to $100,000 a word for their creations. But it’s worth it. Successful companies know how important the right brand names are for their development.
54.What can we learn from the passage?
A.Many companies care about the cost of finding the right names
B. Creative trade names can help companies to have a larger sale
C. The government often does business with naming companies
D. It is considered necessary for cars to be names after animals
2.
The willful blindness in hockey toward concussions has dropped. Hockey
Canada has followed the lead of USA Hockey in preventing bodychecking below age 13.
A bad head injury of Sidney Crosby, the hockey's greatest star,
opened the eyes of hockey people everywhere. This country's children
have been facing similar danger at early ages, and Hockey Canada had
to deal with a deep worry in the minds of Canadians to make the
rule change. The liking for bodychecking from an early age is part
of what makes Canadian hockey what it is.
The change in rules should be taken as a chance to draw special
attention to skill development in an environment free of danger.
It may also control the loss of thousands of young players who
don't enjoy that environment.
For years, many Canadian hockey parents and coaches have insisted
that bodychecking at early ages is necessary to ensure that players
can do it safely at older ages. True or not, there may be a safer
way to teach hitting than to make younger players pay a price for
it in head injuries.
When USA Hockey changed its rules for the 2011-2012 season, it also created bodycheckin g-education programs that will be mandatory for
all coaches, including those teaching players in the pre-checking
ages.
And it began to encourage more "touch" - without real bodychecki-ng——from 9 to 12. It a lso made the rules for 13 and up stricter. The USA is trying to show that it's possible to teach hocke y protective skills without putting11 and 12-year-olds in greater danger. Itis worth the try.
Hockey Canada has taken serious steps to do away with hits on the head. However, it's ha rd to change a sports culture so connecte-d with who we are as a country. Too often, bodychecking has been u-sed to try to separate a player from his head rather than from theball. Children were payi ng a price for this country's love of the
game.
There are always changes in Canada's game, and the change in the bodychecking age sends the cl earest message yet to coaches and pa-rents that player safety is paramount(至上的) in the game.
57. What does the writer want to tell us in Paragraph 2?
A. The safe ways of controlling the loss.
B. The steps of drawing special attention.
C. The possible results of changing the rules.
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D. The methods of improving the environment.
3.
The Mayan Indians lived in Mexico for thousands of years before
the Spanish arrived in the 1500s. The Mayan achievements were many.
They had farms, beautiful palaces, and cities with many buildings.The
Mayan people knew a lot about nature and the world around them.
This knowledge helped them to live a better life than most people ofthat time, because they could u se it to make their lives more comfor-table and rewarding. Knowledge about tools and farming, for example, made their work easier and more productive.
The Maya believed in many gods, including rain gods, sun gods, and corn gods. The people built l arge temples to honor the Mayan
gods. Skillful workers built cities around these temples. It was
difficult for them to build these cities, because they had no horses
to carry the heavy stone they used to build with. Workers had to
carry all of the building materials themselves. Today, many of these ancient Mayan cities and templ es are still standing.
Although the cities that the Maya built were beautiful, and the
people worked hard to build them, very few of the people lived in
them. Usually, only the priests lived in the cities.
The other people lived in small villages in the forests. Their
houses were much simpler than the elaborate buildings in the cities. They lived in small huts with n o windows. The walls were made of
poles covered with dried mud, and the roof was made of grass or
leaves. Most Maya lived a simple life close to nature.
The Mayan priests studied the Sun, Moon, stars, and planets. They made a calendar from w hat they learned. The year was divided into
18 months of 20 days each with five days left over. The Mayan calen-dar was far more exact than t he European calendars of the time.
Around the year 800, the Maya left their villages and beautiful
cities, never to return. No one knows why this happened. They may
have died from some disease. They may have left because the soil
could no longer grow crops. Archaeologists are still trying to find
the lost secrets of the Maya.
54. From the passage we can infer that _____.
A. most Maya lived in beautiful cities
B. many Mayan cities and temples are still standing
C. the Maya were intelligent and culturally rich people
D. the Mayan calendar was the same as European calendars
【课后限时作业】
1. For those who haven t heard of it,the Apple watch is the latest
invention from the creators of the iPhone and Apple Mac. As the namesuggests,this creation is a de v i c e（装置）d e s i g n e d t o t e l l u s t h e
t i m e.T h i s i s A p p l e,h o w e v e r,a n d a n A p p l e w a t c h i s n e v e r j u s t a w a t c h.N o t o n l y d o e s i t s h o w u s t h e t i m e,b u t i t a l s o a c t s a s a f i t n e s s m o n i t o r a n d a m e s s a g i n g d e v i c e t h a t c a n b e c o n n e c t e d w i t h an iPhone.
Is this a smart invention or technology gone too far? While
the Apple watch is stylish in appearance,I cant help but question certain aspects（方面）
of the new device. Is it a positive thing to be able to receive messages through a watch,or is this ano ther way of
letting technology upset our social lives?
T h a n k s t o t h e i n v e n t i o n o f t h e s m a r t w a t c h,w e w i l l n o l o n g e r h a v e t o r e a c h f o r o u r p h o n e s t o c h e c k o u r m e s s a g e s.I m a g i n e t h e p o s s i b l e r e s u l t s.A g r o u p o f f r i e n d s s i t t i n g a t a t a b l e i n a R e s t a u r a n t w i l l o v e r l o o k e a c h o t h e r a s e v e r y o n e w i l l b e t o o b u s y w a t c h i n g t h e i r w r i s t s i n e x p e c t a t i o n o f a n e w m e s s a g e.S t u d e n t s w i l l h a v e a w a y o f c h e c k i n g t h e i r i n b o x d u r i n g s c h o o l,d e s p i t e t h e
f a c t t h a t u s i n
g m o b i l e p
h o n e s
i s n o t a l l o w e d i n c l a s s.T h e l i s t
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goes on.
Although smartwatches may make communicating through technology easie-r, it seems that using them could actually hinder face to face
communication.
M u c h l i k e a p h o n e,t h e w a t c h w o u l d a l s o n e e d t o b e c h a r g e d（充电）e v e r y d a y.T h i s i s y e t a n o t h e r a s p e c t o f t h e d e v i c e w h i c h s e t s i t a p a r t f r o m a n y n o r m a l"w a t c h.I f,l i k e m e,y o u s t r u g g l e w h e n r e m e m b e r i n g t o p u t y o u r p h o n e o n c h a r g e,t h i s i s n o t n e c e s s a r i l y a positive thing.
I do have to agree,however, the watch has some interesting and purposeful functions As a f i t n e s s m o n i t o r,t h e d e v i c e c a n b e u s e d
t o c r e a t e a n d r e c o r d e x e r c i s e a c t i v i t i e s.T h i s c o u l d b e o f p a r t i c u l a r i n t e r e s t t o o u t d o o r f a n s.W h i l e t h e r e a r e s e v e r a l e x i s t i n g A n d r o i d A p p s t h a t c a n a l r e a d y d o t h i s,I c a n s e e t h a t t h e A p p l e w a t c h w o u l d b e a m o r e c o n v e n i e n t w a y o f e x e r c i s i n g w i t h o u t a mobile phone. The question remains,however, is the price worth the benefits? While there are clearly both advantages and disadvantages when it comes to
Apple s latest invention,I personally like my single-purpose watch that simply tells me the time！What about you? Would you be interested in having a
smartwatch?
50. From the passage,we can team that the writer
A. worries about the safety of the smartwatch
B. thinks highly of the progress of technology
C. introduces the newest kind of smartphones
D. prefers single-purpose watches that tell the time
2.
Diet drinks may taste good, but they might not bring happiness. A new study finds that peop le who drink diet sodas or fruit drinks are more likely to be diagnosed with depression.
The study doesn’t show that diet drinks cause depression and
the researchers stress their findings don’t provide an explanation.
They looked at more than 263,900 U.S. adults ages 50 to 71 who
answered questions about their beverage consumption between the years
1995 and 1996. About 10 years later (from 2004 to 2006), the same
people were asked if a doctor had diagnosed them with depression
since the year 2000.
People who regularly drank four or more cans of any type of
soda a day were 30 percent more likely to have received a diagnosis
of depression than people who did not drink soda, said Dr. Honglei
Chen of the National Institutes of Health, who led the study. The
risk of depression was especially high for people who drank diet
soda — a 31 percent increased risk compared to a 22 percent
increased risk for those who drank regular soda, the researchers
said.
Those who drank four or more cans of diet fruit drinks were 51percent more likely to be diagnose d with depression compared to those
who did not drink diet fruit drinks.
By contrast, people who drank four or more cups of coffee a
day were 10 percent less likely to have been diagnosed with
depression compared to non-coffee drinkers.
The study only found an association, and did not determine
whether diet soda or fruit drinks caused depression. Although the
researchers took into account factors that could affect the results,
such as age, sex, education, smoking status, physical activity, body
mass index (BMI) and energy intake, it’s possible other circumstances, such as a family history of d epression or stressful life events,
could explain the association.
A family history of depression and stressful life events are
some of the biggest predictors of depression, said Emma Robertson-Blackmore, assistant professor of psychiatry at the University of Rochester
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Medical Center, who was not involved in the study. In addition,
older people are more likely to experience stressful life events,
including the death of a loved one, job changes or illnesses, Robertson-Blackmore said.
However, the findings agree with those of a few previous studies that found a link betwee n frequent consumption of sweetened beverages and a higher prevalence (流行程
度) of depression, the researchers
said. (Diet sodas and fruit drinks are sweetened, but their sweeteners contain no calories.) “More research is needed to confirm these findings, and people with depression should contin ue to take depression medications prescribed
by their doctors,said Chen.
58. What can we learn from Dr. Honglei Chen’s study?
A.Diet drinks taste good but they don’t always bring happiness.
B.Drinking a lot of diet drinks regularly will lead to depression.
C.There is a close connection between diet drinks and depression
D.Stressful life events can explain why people may feel depressed.
3.
British Humor
Is it true that the British laugh at different things from people in other countries? Let’s have a look at what we laugh at in Britain.
To the British, the powerful and important are often figures of fun. It’s not just politicians (政治家) who make us laugh quietly，but anyone whose job it is to tell other people what to do and who take themselves too seriously. We giggle at authority(权威), but also, kindly with anyone who is treated unfairly. We know they can’t win, but if they do so sometimes, it’s even funnier. Our clowns are often silly people doing silly things, while in America, they are often clever people doing clever things—and winning.
The British laugh when other people might feel very worried. People say that the British are cold and unwilling to show their feelin gs and this is expressed in our humor. I don’t really think that’s true but I know that we do have a strong sense of irony (反讽). “Not very pleasant”, we say after some terrible experience. Along with this, is our love of understatement (轻描淡写). “It’s a bit
windy today” we might say in the middle of a typhoon, or “There’s a slight problem” when
10 something has gone very seriously wrong. A British comedian will often begin by saying “Have you ever noticed…..?” We find humor in ordinary, boring life, espe cially its negative aspects. As well as this, we find it amusing to tell jokes about things that have gone wrong for us, rather than not mentioning them in case we look stupid. Our funny stories might start with “I’m such an idiot, I did something really s tupid yesterday”. Another thing that can make it difficult to understand “British humor” is that we don’t always laugh or even smile when we say something funny. We often “keep a straight face” even when we’re making a joke. So, is the British sense of humour unique? Well, probably not. It is the combination of all these features that make the British laugh and make so many other people ask “Why is that funny?”
55.The writer thinks ______.
A.the British politicians are funny people
B. the British sometimes laugh when others might cry
C. the British like to tell jokes in pleasant situations
D. the British humor is easy for other people to understand
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一、经典例题答案与解析
1.答案：D
答案解析：对于女儿考前焦虑以及女儿认为分数不高就无法获得好的物质生活的想法，作者感到I was quite surprised,because I don't consider myself a pushy parent.同时作者回顾自己的学习生活For me,I cannot remember the last time I had to work out the area of a circle,recite a Shakespeare poem or grammar rules,yet I have lived a happy life.由此可见作者认为女儿过于追求分数了。

2.答案：A
答案解析：But before you decide to act assertively, you have to decide if you can live with the results. Although assertive behavior usually will result in a positive response (积极的回应)，some people might react differently.
3.答案：B
答案解析：At the same time, on the advice of Ms. White, my art teacher, I
hurriedly handed in my seashell drawing for an art contest in our
town;I couldnt believe what I heard. Only a handful of young artists
were accepted each summer. 我是匆忙上交的作品，但获得了成功，而且，每年只有少量的人被录取，以此可推断出，她在绘画方面有天赋但她却一直将精力放在体操方面，说明她并未意识到自己的特长。

二、课堂综合练习答案
1.答案: B
答案解析：作者通过列举福特野马、捷豹、可口可乐这些成功品牌的例子证明有创造性的品牌与销量有直接关系。

2.答案：C
答案解析：C选项中的 possible 对应第二段中的a chance ，results对应
to draw special attention to skill development in an environment free of danger. 选项中的changing the rules对应The change in rules。

3.答案：C
答案解析：答案可以在各段找到。