金属钠的工艺生产流程英语

金属钠的工艺生产流程英语
Molten Salt Electrolysis.
Molten salt electrolysis is the primary industrial process for producing metallic sodium. The process involves the electrolysis of molten sodium chloride in a Downs cell, which is a large, rectangular steel tank with a carbon-
lined steel cathode at the bottom and a carbon anode suspended from the top. The molten sodium chloride is fed into the cell from the top, and the cell is heated to maintain the salt in a molten state. As the salt melts, it forms a two-layer system, with the heavier molten sodium metal sinking to the bottom of the cell and the lighter molten salt floating on top.
The electrolysis process is initiated by passing an electric current through the molten salt. The current flow causes the sodium ions in the salt to migrate to the cathode, where they are reduced to form sodium metal. The chlorine ions in the salt migrate to the anode, where they
are oxidized to form chlorine gas. The chlorine gas is collected and used to produce other chemicals, such as hydrochloric acid and bleach.
The molten sodium metal that is produced at the cathode is periodically removed from the cell and cast into ingots. The ingots are then cooled and shipped to customers.
Downs Cell.
The Downs cell is the most common type of cell used for the production of metallic sodium by molten salt electrolysis. The cell is a large, rectangular steel tank with a carbon-lined steel cathode at the bottom and a carbon anode suspended from the top. The molten sodium chloride is fed into the cell from the top, and the cell is heated to maintain the salt in a molten state.
The cathode in a Downs cell is made of carbon, which is a good conductor of electricity and is resistant to corrosion by molten sodium. The anode is also made of carbon, but it is coated with a layer of copper or nickel
to protect it from corrosion.
The Downs cell is operated at a temperature of around 600°C. At this temperature, the sodium chloride is molten and forms a two-layer system, with the heavier molten sodium metal sinking to the bottom of the cell and the lighter molten salt floating on top.
The electrolysis process is initiated by passing an electric current through the molten salt. The current flow causes the sodium ions in the salt to migrate to the cathode, where they are reduced to form sodium metal. The chlorine ions in the salt migrate to the anode, where they are oxidized to form chlorine gas. The chlorine gas is collected and used to produce other chemicals, such as hydrochloric acid and bleach.
The molten sodium metal that is produced at the cathode is periodically removed from the cell and cast into ingots. The ingots are then cooled and shipped to customers.
Fused Chloride Electrolysis.
Fused chloride electrolysis is another process that can be used to produce metallic sodium. This process is similar to molten salt electrolysis, but it uses a different electrolyte. In fused chloride electrolysis, the
electrolyte is a mixture of sodium chloride and calcium chloride. The mixture is melted at a temperature of around 800°C, and the electrolysis process is then carried out in a similar manner to molten salt electrolysis.
The fused chloride electrolysis process has several advantages over the molten salt electrolysis process. First, the fused chloride electrolyte has a lower melting point than the molten salt electrolyte, which reduces the energy required to operate the cell. Second, the fused chloride electrolyte is less corrosive than the molten salt electrolyte, which extends the life of the cell. Third, the fused chloride electrolysis process produces a higher
purity sodium metal than the molten salt electrolysis process.
However, the fused chloride electrolysis process also
has some disadvantages. First, the fused chloride electrolyte is more expensive than the molten salt electrolyte. Second, the fused chloride electrolysis process produces a byproduct of calcium metal, which must be removed from the sodium metal.
Overall, the fused chloride electrolysis process is a more efficient and environmentally friendly process than the molten salt electrolysis process. However, the fused chloride electrolysis process is also more expensive than the molten salt electrolysis process.。