英语专业-英国文学-考研-期末考试必备
（完整word版）英国文学期末必备复习题
（完整word版）英国文学期末必备复习题Exercises:1. After the fall of the Roman Empire and the withdrawal of Roman troops from Albion , the aboriginal _Cletic____ population of the larger part of the island was soon conquered and almost totally exterminated by the Teutonic tribes of___Angles_ , __Saxons__ , and __Jutes___ who came from the continent and settled in the island , naming its central part __Anglio___ , or England.2. For nearly __400__ years prior to the coming of the English , British had been a Roman province . In__410_, the Rome withdrew their legions from Britain to protect herself against swarms of Teutonic invaders.3. The literature of early period falls naturally into two divisions, __pagan_and__Christian__.4.__The song of Beowulf__ can be justly termed England’s national epic and its hero _Beowulf___—one of the national heroes of the English people.5. The Song of Beowulf reflects events which took place on the _European Continent___ approximately at the beginning of the _6th___ century , whenthe forefathers of the Jutes lived in the southern part of the __ Scandinavian peninsula __ and maintained close relations with kindred tribes ,e.g. with the__Danes__who lived on the other side of the straits.6. Among the early Anglo-Saxon poets we may mention _Caedmon___ who lived in the half of the ___7th_ century and who wrote a poeticParaphrase of the Bible.7. __Caedmon__ is the first know religious poet of Engla nd . He is known as the father of English song.8. The didactic poem The Christ was produced by __Cynewulf__ .9. The most important work of __a__ is the Anglo-Saxon Chronicles , which is regarded as the best monument of the old English prose.a. Alfred the Greatb. Caedmonc. Cynewulfd. Venerable Bede10. Who is the monster half-human who had mingled thirty warriors in The Song of Beowulf?ca. Hrothgatb. Heorotc. Grendeld. Beowulf11. ___b_ is the first important religious poet in English literature.a. Gynewulfb. Caedmonc. Shakespeared. Adam Bede12. The epic , The Song of Beowulf ,represents the spirit of _d__.a. Monksb. romanticistsc. sentimentalistsd. pagan13. Define the literary terms listed below. 1). Alliteration 2). Epic14. Please give brief description of The Song of Beowulf.Exercise:1.In the year __1066__, at the battle of _ Hasting___, the ___Normans_ headed by William Duke of Normandy, defeated the Anglo-Saxons.2. The literature with Normans brought to England is remarkable for its bright,__romantic__ tales of ___love_ and adventures, in marked contrast with the__strength__ and __somberness__ of Anglo-Saxon poetry.3. English literature of Anglo-Norman period is also a combination of __French__ and _Saxon___ elements.4. Defines the literary terms listed below.(1) Anglo-Norman Romance (2) Middle EnglishExercise:1. In the 14th century, the two most important writers are __William Langland__ and Chaucer.2. In the 15th century, there is only one important prose writer whose name is __Sir Thomas Malory__ . He wrote an important work called Morte d’Arthur.3. Geoffrey Chaucer ,the “__father of English poetry__” and one of the greatest narrative poets of England, was born in London in about the year 1340.4. Chaucer’s masterpiece is _The Canterbury Tales__,one of the most works in all literature.5.The _general prologue__ provides a frame work for the tales in The Canterbury Tales, and it comprises a group of vivid pictures of various medieval figures.6. Chaucer created in The Canterbury Tales a strikingly brilliant and picturesque panorama of _his time and his country___.7. The Canterbury Tales opens with a general “prologue” where we are told of a company of pilgrims that gathered at __Tabard__ Inn in Southwark ,a suburbof London.8. Chaucer believes in the right of man to __earthly__ happiness.9.The name of the “jolly innkeeper” in The Canterbury Tales is __Harry Bailey__,who proposes that each pilgrim of the __30__ should tell two tales on the way to Canterbury and two more on the way back.10.The pilgrims in The Canterbury Tales are on their way to the shrine of __St. Thomas Becket’s __ at a place named Canterbury.11.Despite the enormous plan , The Canterbury Tales in fact contains a general “prologue” and only _24__ tale , of which two are left unfinished.12.In contradistinction to the __alliterative__ verse of Anglo-Saxon poetry , Chaucer chose the metrical from which laid the foundation of the English__T onico-syllabic___ verse.13. Who is the “ father of English poetry ” and one of the greatest narrative poets of English?bA . Christopher Marlow B. Geoffrey ChaucerC. W. ShakespeareD. Alfred the Great14. When he died, Chaucer was buried in _a___ the Poet’s Corner. A．Westminster Abbey B. NormandyC. CanterburyD. Southwark15. Chaucer’s ea rliest work of any length is his __c__ a translation of the French “Roman de la Rose”, which was a love allegory enjoying widespread popularity in the 13th and 14th centuries throughout Europe.A. Troilus and CriseydeB. A Red Red RoseC. Romance of the RoseD. Piers the Plowman16. Chaucer composes a long narrative poem named __b___ based on Boccaccio’s poem “Filostrato”.A. The Legend of Good WomenB. Troilus and CriseydeC. Sir Gawain and the Green KnightD. Beowulf17. In his literary development, Chaucer was influenced by three literatures. Which one is not true?dA. French literatureB. Italian literatureC. English literatureD. German literature18. There are various kinds of ballads _historical___, __legendary__,__fantanstical__, __lyrical__ and ___homorous__.19. In the numerous __border ballads__, the age-long struggle between the Scots and the English is reflected.20. Bishop __Thomas Perry__ was among the first to take a literary interestin ballads.21. Robin Hood, a __Saxon__ by birth, was an outlaw, a robber but he robbed only the rich and never molested the poor and needy.22. The first mention of Robin Hood in literature is in Langland’s ___Piers the Plowman__.23. Define the literary terms listed below. (1) Ballad (2) Heroic couplet24. Comment on Geoffrey Chaucer and his The Canterbury Tales.Exercise:1. The 16th century in England was a period of the breaking up of __feudal __ relation and the establishing of the foundations of __capitalism__.2. Because the wool trade was rapidly growing in bulk , it was s timewhen , according to Thomas More , “__shape devoured man__ ”.3. __King Henry the VIII__ broke off with the Pope , dissolved all the monasteries and Abbeys in the country , confiscated their lands proclaimed himself head of __Church of England__.4. Absolute monarchy in England reached its summit during the reign of __Queen Elizabeth I__.5. Together with the development of bourgeois relationships and formation of the English national state this period is marked by a Flourishing of national culture known as the __Renaissance__.6.__Thomas More_wrote his _Utopia__in which he gave a profound and truthful picture of people’s sufferings and put forwards his ideal of a future happy society.7._Thomas Wyatt__was the first to introduce the Italian sonnet into English literature.8. Edmund Spenser was the author of the greatest epic poem of _The Faire Queene___.9. Define the literary terms listed below. (1)renaissance (2)Spenserian StanzaExercise:1.Hamlet, Othello, King Lear, and __Macbeth___ are generally regarded as Shakespeare’s four g reat tragedies.2. During the 22 years of his literary work, Shakespeare produced __37__ plays,__2__ narrative poems and __154___ sonnets.3. The Tragical History of Doctor Faustus is one of ___Christ opher Marlowe__’s best plays.4. __Edmund Spenser__ is often referred to as “ the poet’s poet”.5. “Shall I compare thee to a summer’s day” is one of _Shakespeare’s___ best known sonnets.6. In the __Elizabethan__ Period, William Shakespeare is the greatest writerof England.7. Define the literary terms listed below: Dramatic Irony8. Comment on William Shakespeare and The Merchant of Venice.9. Comment on William Shakespeare and Hamlet.Exercises:1.Pope described Francis Bacon as “ the _wisest__, _brightest__, __meanest_of mankind”.2. Bacon’s works may b e divided into three classes, the _philosophy__, the__professional_, the _literary__ works.3. The final edition of Bacon’s essays contains __58_ essays.4. The 17th century was a period when _absolute monarchy__ impeded the further development of capitalism in England and the _bourgeoisie__ could no longer bear the sway of __landed nobility_.5. The government of James I was a __despotism_ based on the theory of the divine right of kings.6. There were religious division and confusion and a long bitter struggle between the people’s Parliament and the Throne--- __Puritans_ fighting against the _Cavaliers__ who helped the king.7. England became a commonwealth under the leadership of __Oliver Cromwell_.8. After _Oliver Cromwell__’s death, monarchy as again restored (1660). It was called the period of the Restoration____.9. The Glorious Revolution in _1688__ meant three things the supremacy of_Parliament__, the beginning of _modern England__, and the final triumph of the principle of _political liberty__.10. The Puritans believed in __simplicity_ of life.11. The Revolution Period is also called _the Puritan Age__, because the English Revolution was carried out under a religious cloak.12. Define the literary term – Blank verse.13. The first thing to stri ke the reader is Donne’s extraordinary _frankness__ and penetrating _realism__. The next is the _cynicism__ which marks certain of thelighter poems and which represents a conscious reaction from the extreme__idealism__ of woman encouraged by the Petrarchantradition.14. Donne entered the church in 1615, where he rose rapidly to be Dean of _St Paul’s Cathedral__, and the most famous preacher of his time.15. Milton’s father was a __Puritan_, but not so harsh as most of the _Puritans__ of his day.16. Milton opposed the __Monarchic_ party and gave all his energies to the writing of __pamphlets_ dedicated to the people’s liberties.17. Paradise Lost tells how __Satan_ rebelled against God and how _Adam__ and __Eve_ were driven out of Eden.18. Paradise Lost presents the author’s view in an _allegorical__, _religious__ form.19. The poem Paradise Lost consists of _12__ books.20. Paradise Lost is based on the __Bibelical__ legend of the imaginary progenitors of the human race --- __Adam_ and __Eve_ , and involves God and his eternal adversary _Santan__ in its plot.21. In Revolution period __John Milton__ towers over his age as William Shakespeare towers over the Elizabethan Age and as Chaucer over the Medieval period.22. During the civil war and the commonwealth, there were two leadersin England, Cromwell, the man of action, and _John Milton__ the man of thought.23. In 1637Milton wrote the finest pastoral elegy in English, “__Lycidas_”to memorize the tr agic death of a Cambridge friend.24. Milton wrote his masterpiece __Paradise Lost_ during his blindness.25. Comment on John Milton and his Paradise Lost.Exercise:1. Milton and Bunyan represented the extreme of English life in the 17th century. One gave us the only epic since _Beowulf___, the other gave us the only great_allegry___.2. Bunyan’s most important work is _Pilgrim’s Progess___, written in theold-fashioned medieval form of __allegory__ and ___dream_.3. In The Pilgrim’s Progress, the story b egins with a man called __Christian__setting out with a book in his hand and a great load on his back from the city of__Destuction__.4. Christian has two objects,--- to get rid of his __bureden__, which holds the sins and fears of his life, and to make his way to the __Celestial City_.5. John Bunyan gives a vivid and satirical description of __Vanity Fair__ which is the symbol of London at the time of Restoration.6. The literature of the middle and later periods of the 17th century cultimated in the poetry of _John Milton___, in the prose writing of __John Bunyan__, and also in the plays and literary criticism of ___John Dryden_.Exercise:1. No sooner were the people in control of the government than they divided into hostile parties: the liberal _Whigs___, and the conservative __Tories__.2. Another feature of the 18th century was the rapid development of __social life__.3. The Enlighteners believed in the power of reason and therefore the 18th century is also called “the age of _Reason___”.4. The Enlightenment on the whole was an expression of struggle of the progressive class of _bourgeoisie__ against __feudalism__.5. The enlighteners repudiate the false religious doctrines about the __viciousness__ of human nature, and prove that man is born ___kind_ and __honest__, and if he becomes depraved, it is only due to the influence of _corrupted__ social environment.6. It is simply for convenience that we study 18th century writings in three main divisions: the reign of so-called __neo-classicism__, the revival of __romatic_poetry, and the beginnings of the ___modern novel__.7. The essays and stories of Addison and Steele devoted not only to social problems, but also to __private_ life_ and __adventures__.8. Pope was a man of extraordinary __wit__ and extensive __learning__, and his contemporaries considered him as the highest __authority__ in matters of literary art.9. The image of an enterprising Englishman of the 18th century was created by Daniel Defoe in his famous novel__Robinson Crusoe__.10. ___Alexander Pope_ is the leading figure of neo-classicism in the early period of the 18th century.11. Robinson Crusoe is largely an _adventure__ story, rather than the study of__human character__ which Defoe probably intended it to be.12. In The Shortest Way with the Dissenters, in a vein of grim _humor__ which recalls Swift’s Modest Proposal Defoe advocated hanging all dissenting ministers, and sending all member of the free churches into exile.13. The full name of Robinson Crusoe is __The Life andStrange Surprising Adventures of Robinson Crusoe__.14. The story of Robinson Crusoe itself is real enough to have come straight from a sailor’s __logbook__.15. Robinson named __Friday__ to the saved savage.16. Define the literary term, Picaresque Novels.Exercise:1.The 18th century in English literature is an age of __Prose___.2. Swift is born of English parents in ___Dublin Ireland___.3. Swift was the most remarkable __satirist__ in the 18th centurywho criticized the new bourgeois-aristocratic society of his age with outmercy.4. Jonathan Swift’s masterpiece is __Gulliver’s Travels__.5. Gulliver’s adventures begins with __Liliputians__, who are so small that Gulliver isa giant among them.6. The country in Gulliver’s Travels is __Houyhnhnms__, where horses are the real people and human beings , __Yahoos___ are their filthy servants.7. In the country of __Brobdingnag __, Gulliver is but pygmy.8. Gulliver’s third voyage is occupied with a visit to the flying island of __Laputa__.9. A Modest Proposal is made to __English__ government to relieve the poverty of _Irish___ people.10. The Tale of a Tub is a satire on the various __churches__ of the day. Exercise:1.Henry Fielding is the greatest novelist of the __18th__ century.2.Fielding’s first novel , _Joseph Andrews___ was inspired bythe success ofRichardso n’s novel Pamela.3. Fielding’s later novels are ___Jonathon Wild___, the story of a rogue , which suggests Defoe’s narrative ; __The History of _Tom Jones_, a Foundling_(1749) his best work; and __Amelia____ (1751) , the story of a good wife in contrast with an unworthy husband.1.In his works Fielding strongly criticizes __social relations__ in theContemporary England.5. Fielding hates that hypocrisy which tries to conceal itself under A mask of__morality__.6. The lack of __spirituality__ of the age finds the most ample expression in his page.1.To read Milton’s __Il Penseroso__ and Gray’s is to see the beginning and theperfection of that “literature of melancholy” which largely Occupied Englishpoets for more than a century.8. The author of the famous Elegy is the most scholarly and well-balanced of all the early __romantic__ poets.9. Oliver Goldsmith was one of the most __versatile__ of author and made distinguished contributions in several literary forms.10. Goldsmith was born in __Ireland__ , the son of an __Anglican__ clergyman whose geniality he inherited and whose improvidence he imitated.11. As ___essayest_ ,Goldsmith is among the best of the century.12. As a __poet__ he makes the riming couples as natural and simple as his prose.13. The Deserted Village is a (n )__idylice__ story of the family of a clergy-man after they have lost their money and are living in poverty.14. Goldsmith’s two comedies , The Good-natured Man and She Stoops to Conquer met with opposition because the fashion was then for __sentimental__ comedy. 15. The two plays by Sheridan and _Goldsmith___ are the only plays of the 18th century that have been kept alive upon the modem stage.16. Richard Brinsley Sheridan was, like Goldsmith ,a (n) _Irish__man.17. His famous comedy , _The Rivals__ , was written in his twenty-four year.18. Sheridan’s famous comedy _The School of Scadal___, written in 1777, is considered his masterpiece.19. Define the literary term, comedy of humors.20. Of all the romantic poets of the 18th century ,Blake is the most independent and the most _original___.21. For greater part of his life Blake was the poet of inspiration alone , following no man’ s __lead__, obeying no voice but that which be heard in his own mystic__soul__.22. Beyond learning to __read__ and __write__, he received no education.23. His only formal education was in __art__.24. At 14, Blake apprenticed for seven years to a well-known __engraver__ , James Basire.25. After three years at Felpham ,Blake moved back toLondon , determined to follow his “__Divine Vision___” though it meant a life of isolation , misunderstanding , and poverty.26. The underlying theme in Songs of Innocence is the all-pervading presenceof divine and __sympathy__ , even in trouble and sorrow.27.In 1790 Blake engraved his principal prose , ___The Marriage of Heaven and Hell_ , in which, with vigorous satire and telling apologue , he takes up his Revolutionary position.28. The__Songs of Experienc__ (1794) are in marked contrast with the Songs of Innocence.29. The brightness of the earlier work gives place to a sense of _gloom___ and mystery , and of the power of __evil__.30. In Jerusalem we have expounded Blake ‘s theory of__Imagination__ .31. The greatest of __Scottish__ poets is Robert Burns.32. In 1786. when he was 27 years old ,Burns resolved to abandon the struggle and seek position in the far-off island of __Jamaica__.33.Burns wrote some __patriotic__ poems , in which he expressed his de ep love for his motherland ,such as “My Heart’s in the Highlands”.34. Burns’ poetry bone of the bone and flesh of the flesh ofthe __Scottish__ common people。
英语专业,英国文学,考研,期末考试必备 Jonathan Swift
• 你已十分清楚地证明:无知、 懒散和腐化有时也许正是做 一个立法者所必备的惟一条 件;那些有兴趣、有能力曲解、 混淆和逃避法律的人,才能最 好地解释、说明和应用法律。 我想你们有几条规章制度原 本还说得过去,可是那一半已 被废除了,剩下的全被腐败所 玷污。从你所说的一切来看, 在你们那儿,获取任何职位似 乎都不需要有一点道德,更不 用说人要有什么美德才能封 爵了。教士地位升迁不是因 为其虔诚或博学;军人晋级不 是因为其品行或勇武;法官高 升不是因为其廉洁公正;议会 议员也不是因为其爱国,国家 参政大臣也不是因为其智慧 而分别得到升迁。
The Battle of the Books Gulliver’s Travels
• Satirical novelist
A Modest Proposal
• By suggesting that poor Irish parents sell their one-year-old babies to the rich English lords and ladies as food, Swift is making the most devastating protest against the inhuman exploitation and oppression of the Irish people by the English ruling class. • The apparent eagerness, sincerity and detachment of the author adds force to the bitter irony and biting sarcasm.
• He was educated at Kilkenny Grammar School and with Trinity College,Dublin. • Between 1689 and 1699 he worked as a private secretary to a distant kinsman Sir William Temple, a retired diplomat.
英国文学选读期末考试复习知识点
考点一：The Canterbury Tales参考A: 1~3: spring rain 4: spring flower 5: spring wind 6~7: spring grass 8~9: spring sun 10~~18: the celebration of spring (10~13: birds’ singing; 14~18: people’s pilgrimages)参考B: Structure beauty: The 18 lines form a coherent whole which is a sentence that composes of two adverbial clauses of time (line 1~11) and a main clause (12~18), expressing the essential idea of the whole work.考点二：Why is spring compared to a king? (4’)1.As the first season of a year, spring is as powerful as the king because it gives life toeverything.2.The use of the “king” can rime with “spring” and “sing”.考点三：What’s the effect of repeating “come live with me and be my love”?1.For the speaker’s part, he can strengthen his passion to his love, he sounds moreconfident than ever and the plea becomes more persuasive with each repetition.2.For the listener’s part, we can understand speaker’intention much more clearly. Thelistener will feel that shepherd’s love is strong and sincerely.3.It makes the ending match up with the beginning so as to make the poem a completewhole.考点四：What’s the effect of repeating the calls of the birds in each stanza?1. A good poem is usually like a beautiful song, the calls of the birds are pleasing to the ear.The repeated songs can give people pleasure and make this poem have a beautifulrhyme.2.The repetition of this line make three stanzas from a united whole.3.The sweat songs of the birds describe their happiness in spring and express their love ofspring. Their songs can also create a happy and peaceful atmosphere for people to enjoyspring.4.To emphasize the coming of spring.考点五：Compare these two poem: （讲义第7和第8面）1.On one hand, they share the same structure, meter, rhyme pattern and subject matters. Theywere written in iambic pentameter with six quatrains, each rhyming aabb. Both poems are about love and nature.2.On the other hand, they have obvious differences. Marlowe was young, he idealized natureand love. So his poem was romantic and imaginative. But Raleigh was old, and his attitude was jaded. He shows the reality of life and presents and opposite and negative view towards love and nature described in Marlowe’s poem.考点六：（可能会考选择题）Script(剧本): the written work from which a drama is produced; contains stage directions and dialogue.Stage directions（舞台说明）: notes provided by the playwright to describe how something should be performed on stage. Stage directions often describe elements of the spectacle: lighting, music, sound effects, costumes, properties, and set designs.Soliloquy（独白）: a long speech given by a character while alone on stage to reveal his or her private thoughts or intentions.Aside（旁白）: a statement intended to be heard by the audience or by a single other character butnot by all the other characters on stage.Act(幕): a major division of a drama.Scene(场景)：a division of an act; it begins with the entrance of one or more characters and ends with the exit of one or more characters.考点七：Why Juliet is a sun not a beautiful flower?1.There is only one sun in the world and Juliet is the only woman Romeo loves.2.Juliet is more beautiful and warm than the moon and the stars, so Juliet is the sun.考点八：What we can learn from Romeo and Juliet?1.We should believe true love.2.be brave to pursuer true love and happiness.3.be firm to your love.4.the more I give to you, the more I have.考点九：Problems troubling Hamlet:Hamlet’s endurance has reached the breaking point.1.His father has been murdered by his uncle.2.His mother, who he loves dearly, is married to his uncle right after his father’s death.3.Then his former friends Rosencrantz and Guildenstern are dispatched by claudius to spy onhim.4.Moreover, his sweetheart, Ophelia, is sent as a tool to find out whether or not he is really mad.This is some thing he can no longer endure.5.One incident after another seems to reveal to him that the time is “out of joint”, and man is notso good as he had imagined.6.Now, he’s all alone. The world that he knew is shattered. His black mood of despair isdeepened by his inability to act ---to do something to change the situation. Now he ponders whether to continue living or to take his own life.考点十：对to be, or not to be: that is the question的理解。
英国文学期末重点总结
英国文学期末一.The contributions of Geoffrey Chaucer.1.The first to present a comprehensive and realistic picture of the English society of his time and created a whole gallery of vivid characters from all works of life in his masterpiece The Canterbury Tales.2.Introduced from France the rhymed stanzas of various types to replace the Old English alliterative verse the first to use heroic couplet.3.Contributed to the establishment of English as the literary language of England, based on London dialect. He raised the language to the higher literary level by writing with a polish and ease.二.The feature of humanism.1.It believed that man is the measure of all things, it stands for devotion to the humane values represented in classical literature.2.Against the medieval feudal value and blind faith in after-life, the humanists believed in man's capability of self perfection and emphasized the importance of personal worth and the joy of the present life.三.The character of Shylock.1.Shylock's demand for a pound of flesh has made him one of literature's most memorable villains, but many readers and play gores have found him a powerful and sympathetic figure.Shakespeare makes him seem more human by showing that his hatred is born of the mistreatment he has suffered in a christian society.2.At the same time, when the Merchant of Venice was created, anti-semitism prevailed in England.Traits of the stereotyped Jews:greedy, miserly, cruel, full of hatred and revenge, devoid of gentility and interests in music and poetry.3.In a word,he is a Jews usurer,mean, greedy,cunning,cruel,vengeful,merciless,a,sophist,but also a victim of racial discrimination and religious persecution.四.Metaphysical conceit.A conceit is a figure of speech which makes an unusual and sometimes elaborately sustained comparison between two dissimilar things.五.Features of Neoclassicism.1.Reason emphasized: it is inartistic to show unrestrained emotion in lit,reason,order,regularity are admired rather than fancy and imagination.2.Form is stressed rather than content: craftsmanship, balance,proportion,harmony,grace,poetic diction; "what oft was thought, but never so well expressed."(pope)3.Didactic and satirical: writer had the duty to educate as well as entertain people, satire being an effective means of correcting people's folly and weakness.4.City life and man-made object preferred: city life gives a sense of order while rural wild life, natural landscape were coarse, chaotic and disorderly.六.The character of Robinson Crusoe.A real hero, a typical 18th century English middle class man, with a great capacity for work, inexhaustible energy, courage, patience and persistence in overcoming obstacles, in struggling against hostile natural environment and also against human fate.七.Gulliver's Travels.1.Four travels:a. Lilliput (6-inch high people):An allegory of English politics in the early 18th century when the Whigs and Tories were fighting bitterly for the control of the country.Exposure of the corruption,political and religious strife and social vices.b.Brobdingnag,a mock utopia. The inhabitants of the country are gentle and peace,loving and ruled by a fair and merciful king; Gulliver,in contrast,seems petty,vindictive and cruel;The giants are superior the human beings both in wisdom and in humanity.c.The kingdom of Laputa, a flying island and its colonies;the so called philosophers and scientists engrossed in abstract speculation and useless experiments;containing criticism of the malpractices and false illusions about science,philosophy,history and immortality in early 18th C.d.The land of the Houyhnms,the horse are governed totally by reason and created a society perfectly ordered and peaceful the Yahoos are greedy,envious,cruel anddisgusting bruts.The Yahoos represent the worst traits in human nature,and the lowest level to which man might sink.2.The significance of this book.Gulliver's Travel is a biting satire,both humorous and critical,attacking British and European society through its description of imaginary countries.As a whole,the book is one of the most effective and devastating satires of all aspects in the English and European life......socially,politically,religiously, philosophical scientifically and morally.Caused critical controversy,often mistaken for a misanthropist.八.The significance of Tom Jones.The novel is admirable for the panoramic view of the 18th C English society;about 40 characters are portrayed from nearly all classes of society;the setting is wide-ranging and varied, shifting from the country to the city.The superb plot contruction; 18 books equally divided into 3 sections,clearly marked out by the change of scenes; classical effect of balance.九.The features of Romanticism.1.A strong reaction and protest against the bondage of rules and conventions;favored innovations in subject and form.2.Turned the nature,particularly the rural,wild landscape, for its poetic imagery and subject matter.3.Admired passion and imagination;regarded passion, imagination and originality as something crucial for true poetry.4.Interested in the ancient, the exotic,the uncivilized way of life;turned the the primitive literature for inspiration and models.5.Emphasis upon the individuality of people as against the neoclassicist s’ stress on social virtues.十.Wordsworth's Theory.In the preface the the second edition of lyrical Ballads he explained his poetic theory.It is regarded as the declaration of Romanticism.1.Good poetry is the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings.mon life as subject,scenes and events of everyday life,joys and sorrows of thecommon people most suitable for poetry.3.Simple language:the fresh ,living everyday speech is most suitable for poetry.4.Return the nature,nature as a teacher,the stepping stone between God and Man.十一.What's Byronic Hero?1.The Byronic Hero is an idealized but flawed character exemplified in the life and writings of Lord Byron.2.This Byronic Hero would shoulder the burden of righting all the wrongs in the world and fight alone against any type of tyranny.十二.What's the author's opinion about marriage in Pride and Prejudice?1.We must have good judgment if we want to form good relationships in life.2.Our first impression ually wrong.Maturity is achieved through the loss of illusions.3.She regarded love and marriage as the typical theme of her novel,her ideal marriage have three elements:true love ,personal merits and money.十三.Features of Dickens' work.1.His works offer a most complete and realistic picture of the English society of his age.2.He believed in the moral self-perfection of class contradictions.There is a tendency for a reconciliation of class contradictions.3.Almost all his novels have happy endings.4.He drew a lot from the experiences of his childhood.5.As a humorist, his novel are full of humor and laughter.十四.Theme of the Vanity Fair.Selfishness and corruption of the upper classes;Showing a society which judges people on money and appearance and ignores the true virtues.十五.The character of Jane Eyre.1.Jane is intelligent,well educated,industrious,compassion:ate,and morally upright,with an independent spirit.2.A woman of high principle,religious faith self-respect and moral strength.3.Desire for independence,self-identification and self-fulfilment.4.For this Charlotte is considered a forerunner of feminism and Jane Eyre a feminist novel.十六．有特殊地位的作家1.Geoffrey Chaucer:Father of English Literature.2.William Shakespeare:The master of language.3.John Donne: Father of the Metaphysical poetry.4.John Milton：The greatest poet of 17th C.5.Three poet laureate:William Wordsworth ; Alfred Lord Tennyson ; Southey6.Daniel Defoe: Father of English novel.7.Charles Dickens: The greatest representative of critical realism.8.James Joyce: Father of stream of consciousness novel.9.Henry Fielding: Father of English realistic novel.10.William Blake: The forerunner of Romanticism.ke poets:William Wordsworth; Coleridge; Southey十七．各个时期的文学潮流1.The Anglo-Saxon period and The Anglo-Norman period: epic and romance.2.The renaissance:humanism.3.The period of revolution and restoration: metaphysical poets.4.The age of Enligtenment: neoclassicism; Gothic novel ; sentimentalism ; Pre-romantic poetry ; drama ; chivalry.5.The romantic period: lake poets ; Byronic hero ; ode6.The victorian age: critical realism; romantically and realistically; novel。
英国文学期末考试必备讲义
Chapter one1.The origin of the English people, their language and literature1)The settlement of the Anglo-Saxons on the island: the mid 5th century2)Seven kingdoms united into one called England: 7th century.The three tribes(Angles,Saxons and Jutes) mixed into a whole people called English.3)Their language: Anglo-Saxon, which is also called old English.4) English literature began with the Anglo-Saxon settlement in England: a few relics are stillpreserved—poems and songs about the heroic deeds of old time.Beowulf: a folk legend brought to England from their continental homes (Denmark), reflecting the features of the tribal society of ancient times2.Norman Conquest and its impact on the English language1066: the end of Anglo-Saxon period and the establishment of feudalism in England.The general relation of Normans and Saxons was that of master and servant.Two languages were spoken: French and English. By the end of the 14th century English was again the dominant speech—different from the old Anglo-Saxon:Structure: EnglishCommon words: EnglishMore than 10 thousand French words were introduced – English synonyms.3.Literature of feudal England1). The romance: describing the life and adventure of noble heroes ---the English versions were translated from French or Latin.2). English ballads:a). In various English and Scottish dialectsb). Composed collectively\’]c). A variety of themesd). Mainly the literature of the peasants: the outlook of the English common people in thefeudal societye). The Robin Hood ballads4. Geoffrey Chaucer (1340? ----1400): read the introduction in your bookFather of English poetry, one of most greatest poets of England.Romance of rose（玫瑰奇缘）/the house of fame（声誉之宫）/the parliament of fowls(百鸟议会)The Canterbury tales5.Chaucer’s contribution to English literature1). His poetry traces out a path to the literature of English Renaissance, it reflects the changesof the second half of the 14th century2). As a forerunner of humanism, he praised man’s energy, intellect, quick wit and love of life3). Wide learning: a good knowledge of Latin, French and Italian. Studied philosophical worksof his time; an abundant knowledge of the world. No man could have been better equipped,socially and intellectually to be the founder of English poetry4). His language -----Middle English ----vivid and exact----good master of English ----makingthe dialect of London the foundation of modern English speech----establishing English as the literary language of the country.6.popular balladsBallads are anonymous narrative songs that have been preserved by oral transmission.Ballads are divided into several kinds:i.Historicalii.Legendaryiii.Fantasticaliv.Lyricalv.HumorousCharacter:Chapter TwoRenaissance: the activity, spirit, or time of the great revival of art, literature, and learning in Europe beginning in the 14th century and extending to the 17th century, marking the transition from the medieval to the modern world.1. Historical background of the English Renaissance1) The founding of the Tudor Dynasty which met the needs of the rising bourgeoisie.2) A kind of religious movement called Reformation was started: Protestantism — The LatinBible was translated into English: a great influence on the English language and lit erature. 3) English economy developed at a slow but steady pace. As a result of the Enclosure Movement,a large number of peasants became the forefathers of the modern English proletariat.4) Commercial expansion abroad and the establishment of colonies2. Chief characteristics of the Renaissance1)The interest in God and in the life after death was transformed into the exaltation of manand an absorption in earthly life.2) Materialistic philosophy and scientific thought replaced the church dogmas.3) A total new culture rose out of the revival of the old culture of ancient Greece and Rome; a new kind of art and literature emerged through the exploration of the infinite capabilities of man.Or:1) A thirsting curiosity for classical literature2) A keen interest in life and human activities3. English literature of the Elizabethan Period (second half of the 16th century)1) Many classical and Italian and French works were translated into English — Don Quixote2) Books on history and about new discoveries were written.3) The sonnet, an exact form of poetry, was introduced to England from Italy.4. Edmund Spenser (1552-1599)born in London of a merchant tailor's family;had a progressive scholar as his headmaster, who hold that "It is not a mind, not a b ody, that wehave to educate, but a man";entered Cambridge in 1569, graduated in 1573 with M.A. degree;started "The Faerie Queen" by 1580, dedicated it to the Queen in 1589;became private secretary of Lord Grey, the Queen's Lord Deputy in Ireland — stayed there for his remaining 19 years, carried out the tyrannical rule of the British government therewrote "The Shepherds' Calendar" in 1597;an Irish uprising broke out in 1599, his house was burnt down, he returned to London, died "for want of bread";his language: modern English — different from Chaucer's Middle English.8. Francis Bacon's life (1561-1626)born in London in 1561, father: Lord Keeper of the Seal; mother: well-educatedsent to Cambridge University at the age of 12;English ambassador in France after graduation;entered Gray's Inn to study law;member of parliament — more on the side of the bourgeoisie — offended Queen Elizabeth James I made him a Knight, gave one important office after another until he became Lord Chancellor;charged with bribery in 1621;The remaining years of his life were spent in literary, philosophical and scientific work.died of cold in 1626;9. Francis Bacon's works: three classes1) Philosophical works:"The Advancement of Learning" 1605, in English"Novum Organum" 1620, in Latin2) Literary works — 58 essays — the first English essayist dealing with a wide variety of subjects, such as love, truth, friendship, parents and children, studies, youth and age, garden, death and many others — won popularity for their clearness, brevity and force of expression3) Professional works: "Maxims of the Law and Reading on the Statute of Uses"Marx called him "the real father of English materialism and experimental sciences of modern times in general".12. William Shakespeare (1564-1616)family: born in Stratford-on-Avon in central England;father: a prosperous tradesman with 8 children;mother: daughter of a well-to-do farmer;education: the local grammar school 6 years, also learned Latin and a little Greekworked as a country schoolmaster at 14;married a farmer's daughter (8 years his senior);life as an actor and playwright;well acquainted with theatrical performances when still at Stratford;went to London in 1586-87, and worked at odd jobs in a theatre, became an acto r but was not successful;began to write for the stage — revising old plays and wrote new ones — a successful writer of both tragedies and comedies;His complete works include 37 plays, 2 narrative poems and 154 sonnetsdied on the 23rd of April, 1616.13. Shakespeare's career as a dramatist: 3 periods1s t period (1590-1600): 9 historical plays, 10 comedies, 1 tragedy — imbued with an optimisticatmosphere of humanism, describing the youth, love, and ideals of happiness of young peopleHenry Ⅵ, Richard Ⅱ, Ⅲ, Henry ⅣRomeo and Juliet, The Merchant of Venice, A Mid-Summer Night's Dream, As You Like It 2nd period (1601-1608): reflecting the social contradictions of the age — a transition from greenyouth to maturity;Hamlet, Othello, King Lear, Mecbeth3rd period (1609-1612): a general tone of conciliation and a falling off from his previous height, but optimistic faith in the future of humanityThe Tempest, The Winter's Tale, Henry ⅦShakespeare’s comedies reflected an optimistic spirit of the humanists a t that time. They praised sincere friendship and true love, advocated equality between man and man, and repudiated the feudal moral and feudal system.His tragedies have shown us insurmountable contradictions between human ideal and social reality, and raised a series of questions about the state, moral, wealth, family and philosophy.十四行诗(the sonnet)是一种形式完整、格律严谨、以歌咏爱情为主的小诗，十三、四世纪盛行于意大利，其最主要的代表者为Petrarch（比德拉克）（1304-1374），十六世纪中叶由Thomas Wyatt传入英国，至莎士比亚一代而臻完美。
英语专业,英国文学,考研,期末考试必备 培根 Francis Bacon
His Works
The Advancement of Learning (1605) (in English) 《学术的进展》 Novum Organum (1620) ( an enlarged Latin version of The Advancement of Learning) 《新工具论》
So he entered Gray’s Inn to study law.
23: became M.P. for his eloquence and gradually established his reputation; found Earl Essex as his patron,who is Elisabeth’s favorite courtier. Later: offended the Queen by strongly opposing to some new taxes;managed to make the court sentence death to Essex by the crime of treason. 45: defended for the King’s taxes(James I) became Lord Keeper and then Lord Chancellor of England. 60: was accused of taking bribes in office,deprived of his seat in parliament , and fined ; after token imprisonments, Bacon retired in disgrace to spend the last five years of his life in the study of science and philosophy.
英国文学期末复习资料
revealed unwittingly; this distinguishes a dramatic monologue from a lyric, while the implied presence of an auditor distinguishes it from a soliloquy.It is a piece of spoken verse that offers great insight into the feelings of the speakers.2、The term “stream-of-consciousness” which was coined by William James in Principles of Psychology (1890) is used to indicate a literary approach to the presentation of psychological aspects of characters in fiction. It presents unspoken 未在口头上说出的materials directly from the psyche 心灵；灵魂of the characters, or make the characters tell their own inner thoughts in monologues独白 The realm 领域of life with which stream-of-consciousness novel is concerned is mental and spiritual experience心理和精神经历, such as sensations感觉, memories, imaginations, conceptions思想, intuitions直觉, feelings情感 and the process of association联想的过程.3、作家评论DickensHe is one of the greatest critical realist writers of the Victorian Age. It is his serious intention toexpose and criticize in his works all the poverty, injustice, hypocrisy and corruptness he sees all around him.In his early novels, he attacks one or morespecific social evils in each: for example, the dehumanizing workhouse system and the dark, criminal underworld life in Oliver Twist.His later works show the development of Dickens towards a highly conscious artist of the modern type.Dickens is a master story-teller.In language, he is often compared with Shakespeare for his adeptness with the vernacular and large vocabulary with which he brings out many a wonderful verbal picture of man and scene. His humor and wit seem inexhaustible.Character-portrayal is the most distinguishing feature of his works. His best-depicted characters are those innocent, virtuous persecuted, helpless child characters and those horrible and grotesque characters.1、Dickens is remembered first of all for hischaracter-portrayal.Every character his creature finger touched came alive.Not only the major characters but many of the minor ones in his novels also leave unforgettable impressions on the reader’s mind.Heoften gives his characters certain peculiarities in appearance, in manner of speaking or inaction of habit by the use of exaggeration and it is thesepeculiarities that make them more lively than life itself.2、Another feature of Dickens’ s fictional art is his humor and satire. The great humorists of the world are few in number, and Dickens is of that choice company. Satire is frequently employed by Dickens to achieve the effect of irony. Meanwhile, Dickens is powerful in painting pictures of pathos that aim to arousepeople’s sympathy.3、 So far as construction in Dickens’s novels is concerned, the main plot is often interwoven with more than one sub-plot so that some interesting minor characters as well as a broader view of life may be introduced. There is an abundant variety in Dickens‘s invention of character and situation.4、 Dickens has often been compared to Shakespeare for creative force and range of invention. “He and Shakespeare are the two unique popular classics that England has given to the world, and they are alike inbeing remembered not for one masterpiece but for a creative world.”。
英国文学人物作品（英语专业必备）
英国⽂学⼈物作品（英语专业必备）英国⽂学史复习⼤纲(English Literature)以下复习⼤纲仅罗列重要条⽬，请参照课本、课件、笔记复习备考。
⼀、中古时期英语⽂学（Old and Medieval English Literature）包括古英语时期或盎格鲁--萨克森时期(449-1066)（The Old English Period or The Anglo-Saxon Period ）和中世纪（1066-ca.1485/ 1500）(The Medieval Period /The Middle English Period)1. 主要的作家、作家概况及其代表作品2. ⽂学术语：epic, alliteration, heroic couplet , romance, ballad (Textbook I, p51) , iambic pentameter1)英国中古时期主要的⽂学作品：《贝奥武甫》Beowulf《⾼⽂爵⼠与绿⾊骑⼠》Sir Gawain and the Green Knight2) 杰弗⾥·乔叟Geoffrey Chaucer (The Founder of English Poetry)《坎特伯雷故事集》The Canterbury Tales⼆、英国⽂艺复兴时期⽂学（The Renaissance Period）(1500-1660)1．主要作家的创作思想、艺术特⾊、代表作品及其语⾔风格2．⽂学术语：Renaissance，humanism, sonnet, Shakespearean sonnet, blank verse, comedy, tragedy, history, tragicomedy, Spenserian stanza, comedy of humours, metaphysical poetry, conceit, elegy1) 英国⽂艺复兴时期主要作家：埃德蒙·斯宾塞 Edmund Spenser （后⼈称之为“诗⼈的诗⼈”。
英国文学期末考试题目(英语专业必备)
英国文学期末考试题目(英语专业必备)country and her patronage of the arts led to a flourishing of literature。
including the works of William Shakespeare。
her Marlowe。
and Ben Jonson.一．中古英语时期XXX in the English language and is XXX of Anglo-Saxon literature。
It is also the oldest surviving epic in the English language。
During the medieval d。
XXX Chaucer。
one of the greatest English poets。
is known for his masterpiece。
The Canterbury Tales。
XXX.二．文艺复兴RenaissanceXXX Renaissance refers to the d een the 14th and mid-17th centuries。
It XXX to the modern world and began in Italy with the flourishing of painting。
sculpture。
and literature before spreading to the rest of Europe。
Humanism was the essence of the Renaissance。
emphasizing that man is the measure of all things。
This d was England's Golden XXX。
with Queen Elizabeth'spatronage of the arts leading to a flourishing of literature。
英国文学期末考试题目(英语专业必备)
一．中古英语时期♦Beowulf is the oldest poem in the English language, and the most important specimen (范例、典范)of Anglo-Saxon literature, and also the oldest surviving epic in the English language.♦The romance is a popular literary form in the medieval period（中世纪）. It uses verse or prose to sing knightly adventures or other heroic deeds.♦Geoffrey Chaucer, one of the greatest English poets, whose masterpiece, The Canterbury Tales（《坎特伯雷故事集》）,was one of the most important influences on the development of English literature.♦Chaucer is considered as the father of English poetry and the founder of English realism.二．文艺复兴Renaissance♦Renaissance refers to the period between the 14th and mid-17th centuries. It marks a transition(过渡) from the medieval to the modern world.♦It started in Italy with the flowering of painting, sculpture（雕塑）and literature, and then spread to the rest of Europe.♦Humanism is the essence of Renaissance -----Man is the measure of all things. ♦This was England’s Golden Age in literature. Queen Elizabeth reigned over the country in this period. The real mainstream of the English Renaissance is the Elizabethan drama. The most famous dramatists in the Renaissance England♦♦“Of Studies” is the most popular of Bacon’s 58 essays.♦Thomas More ——Utopia♦Edmund Spenser——The Faerie Queene相关练习♦ 1. Which is the oldest poem in the English language?♦ A. Utopia B. Faerie Queene♦ C. Beowulf D. Hamlet♦ 2. _____ is the father of English poetry.♦ A. Edmund Spenser B. William Shakespeare♦ C. Francis Bacon D. Geoffrey Chaucer♦ 3. ____ is not a playwright during the Renaissance period on England.♦ A. William Shakespeare B. Geoffrey Chaucer♦ C. Christopher Marlowe D. Ben Johnson三．莎士比亚William Shakespeare♦“All the world 's a stage, and all the men and women merely players.”——William Shakespeare♦William Shakespeare is considered the greatest playwright in the world and the finest poet who has written in the English language. Shakespeare understood people more than any other writers. He could create characters that havemeaning beyond the time and place of his plays. His four tragedies are Hamlet(《哈姆雷特》), Othello(《奥赛罗》), King Lear(《李尔王》) and Macbeth(《麦克白》).♦Shakespeare’s sonnets, 154 in number, are the only direct expression of the poet’s own feelings; Sonnet 18 deserves its fame because it is one of the most beautifully written verses in the English language♦诗选♦Sonnet 18♦Shall I compare thee to a Summer’s day?♦Thou art more lovely and more temperate.♦Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May,♦And Summer’s lease hath all too short a date.♦（我怎能将你与夏日相比? /你比它更温和可爱：/动人的花蕾在五月咆哮的风中颤抖，/夏日的美好时光也绝不长久：）♦Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines,♦And often is his gold complexion dimm’d;♦And every fair from fair sometime declines,♦By chance, or nature’s changing course, untrimm’d;♦（太阳的金色光芒虽然耀眼，/却常常以灰暗的面貌出现；/再美貌的物什都逃不过凋谢，/命运流转或无意间将其拆解；）♦But thy eternal Summer shall not fade,♦Nor lose possession of that fair thou ow’st♦Nor shall Death brag thou wander’st in his shade,♦When in eternal line to time thou grow’st.♦So long as men can breath or eyes can see,♦So long lives this, and this gives life to thee.♦（可你如夏日般不会褪色, /你的美貌也将永存; /死神无法夸耀你曾在它的阴影中游荡, /伴随永恒的诗篇你将留存。
(完整word版)英国文学史复习资料大纲英语专业必考
一．作家作品连线1.Geoffrey Chaucer乔叟——The Canterbury Tales(坎特伯雷故事），The Book of The Duchess（公爵夫人之书）、The Parliament of Fowls（百鸟会议)The House of Fame（声誉之堂）、Troilus and Criseyde（特罗勒斯与克丽西德）2.William Shakespeare莎士比亚——Hamlet, Romeo and Juliet, SonnetThe Merchant of Venice，Henry IV，Twelfth Night，King Lear，Macbeth 3.Francis Bacon培根——（Essays）Of Marriage and Single Life(轮婚姻和单身), Of Studies4.John Donne邓恩（Metaphysical poems玄学派诗人）-— Song and Sonnets （歌与十四行诗）, Holy Sonnets（圣十四行诗）5.John Milton 弥尔顿—— Paradise Lost(失乐园）、Paradise Regained（复乐园）Samson Agonistes（力士参孙）6.Daniel Defoe笛福——The Life and strange Surprising Adventures of Robinson Crusoe（鲁滨孙漂流记)、Captain Singleton（辛格顿船长)、Moll Flanders（摩尔·弗兰德斯）A Journal of the Plague Year（大疫年日记）、Roxana （罗克萨娜）7.Jonathan Swift斯威夫特——Gulliver’s Travel s（格列佛游记）A Tale of a Tub (一只桶的故事)，A Modest Proposal（一个温和的建议）8.William Blake布莱克——Song of Innocence（天真之歌)，Song of experience（经验之歌）, Poetical Sketches(诗的素描), The Book of Thel（塞尔书)9.Robert Burns彭斯——Auld Lang Syne, A Red Red Rose，10.William Wordsworth华兹华斯——I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud11.Samuel Taylor Coleridge柯勒律治——Kubla Khan（忽必烈汗），BiographiaLiteria （文学传记）、Lyrical Ballads (抒情歌谣集)12.Jane Austen简·奥斯丁—- Pride and Prejudice二、术语解释1、Epic（史诗）： A long narrative poem telling about the deeds of a great hero and reflecting the values of the society from which it originated. It started in the 5th century, Beowulf was an important epic。
英美文学(英国部分)期末考试范围
◆The first national epic of English people 英国人第一部史诗作品-Beowulf贝尔武甫◆Most important book by Geoffrey Chaucer 乔叟的名著—The Canterbury Tales◆The three “Lake Poets"三位湖畔派诗人-William Wordsworth，Samuel Taylor Coleridge and Robert Southey威廉·华兹华斯, 塞缪尔·泰勒·柯勒律治，罗伯特·骚塞(不考，要知道是其中一位）◆What are William Shakespeare's four great tragedies 莎士比亚四大悲剧•Hamlet《哈姆雷特》•Othello《奥赛罗》•King Lear《李尔王》•Macbeth《麦克白》四个浪漫主义诗人◆拜伦George Gordon Byron的代表作+雪莱代表作（混在四个答案里）P41 《唐璜》Don Juan《恰尔德·哈罗德游记》Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage《闲散时光》Hours of Idleness插雪莱的A Defence of Poetry《诗辩》◆雪莱Percy Bysshe Shelley代表作P37 （小心填空）最经典的长诗Ode to the West Wind《西风颂》《伊斯兰的反叛》The Revolt of Islam《诗辩》A Defence of Poetry◆莎士比亚第18首商籁体诗歌的题目？SonnetShall I compare thee to a Summer's day?◆华兹华斯美称：大自然的吟唱者“worshipper o f nature”◆济慈John KeatsP43 《夜莺颂》Ode to a Nightingale《忧郁颂》Ode on Melancholy《心灵颂》Ode to Psyche《希腊古瓮颂》Ode on a Grecian Urn《圣·阿格尼斯节前夕》The Eve of St。
英语专业,英国文学,考研,期末考试必备
Prelude of the Founder of the Danish House LO, praise of the prowess of people-kings of spear-armed Danes, in days long sped, we have heard, and what honor the athelings won!
Original Text:
Hwæt! We Gardena in geardagum, þeodcyninga, þrym gefrunon, hu ða æþelingas ellen fremedon. Oft Scyld Scefing sceaþena þreatum, monegum mægþum, meodosetla ofteah, egsode eorlas.
When in April the sweet showers fall And pierce the drought of March to the root and all The veins are bathed in liquor of such power As brings about the engendering of the flower,
stressed , unstressed Who has seen the wind? Neither I nor you;
Who has seen the wind? Neither I nor you;
Note: it is not iambic
Except from The Canterbury Tales
Translated text:
Oft Scyld the Scefing from squadroned foes,
英国文学 期末考试重点
a
evenly-tempered;
Thou art more lovely and more temperate: not overcome by b
passion.
Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May,
a
And summer's lease hath all too short a date:
Sir Gawain and the Green Knight
William Langland
• Distinct Classes: The Landlord and the Peasant • Piers the Plowman: written in a form of dream
vision, describing a picture of feudal England.
English Literature
Review
Types of questions
• Ⅰ. Blank filling • Ⅱ. Multiple Choice • Ⅲ. True or False • Ⅳ. Literary Terms • Ⅴ. Poem Appreciation
(2×15=30’) (1×20=20’) (1×10=10’) (2×5’=10’) (2×15’=30’)
Rhyme Scheme: abab cdcd efef gg
Theme: In the sonnet, the poet compares his beloved to the summer season, and argues that his beloved is better. The poet also states that his beloved will live on forever through the words of the poem.
英国文学期末考试复习精排版(最全资料收集)
英国文学史资料I. Old English Literature & The Late Medieval Ages<Beowulf>贝奥武夫:the national epic of the Anglo-SaxonsEpic:long narrative poems that record the adventures or heroic deeds of a hero enacted in vast landscapes. The style of epic is grand and elevated.e.g. Homer’s Iliad and OdysseyArtistic features:ing alliterationDefinition of alliteration: a rhetorical device, meaning some words in asentence begin with the same consonant sound（头韵）Some examples on P5ing metaphor and understatementDefinition of understatement: expressing something in a controlledway Understatement is a typical way for Englishmen to express theirideasGeoffery Chaucer 杰弗里?乔叟1340(?)~1400(首创“双韵体”，英国文学史上首先用伦敦方言写作。
约翰·德莱顿（John Dryden）称其为“英国诗歌之父”。
代表作《坎特伯雷故事集》。
)The father of English poetry.writing style: wisdom, humor, humanity.① <The Canterbury Tales>坎特伯雷故事集：first time to use ‘heroic couplet’(双韵体) by middle English②<Troilus and Criseyde>特罗伊拉斯和克莱希德③ <The House of Fame>声誉之宫Medieval Ages’ popular Literary form: Romance(传奇故事)Famous three：King ArthurSir Gawain and the Green KnightBeowulfII The Renaissance PeriodA period of drama and poetry. The Elizabethan drama is the real mainstreamof the English Renaissance.Renaissance: the activity, spirit, or time of the great revival of art, literature, and learning in Europe beginning in the 14th century and extending to the 17th century, marking the transition from the medieval to the modern world.Three historical events of the Renaissance – rebirth or revival:1.new discoveries in geography and astrology2.the religious reformation and economic expansion3.rediscovery of ancient Roman and Greek cultureThe most famous dramatists:Christopher MarloweWilliam ShakespeareBen Johnson.1.Edmund Spenser埃德蒙?斯宾塞1552~1599（后人称之为“诗人的诗人”。
英国文学期末复习-英语专业
English Renaissance1.Shakespeare：Love's labour's lost（爱的徒劳）；Romeo andJuliet；A midsummer night's dream；The merchant of Venice；Much ado about nothing（无事生非）；As you like it；Twelfth night；All's well that ends well；Measure for measure（一报还一报）；Hamlet；Othello；King Lear；The tragedy of Macbeth.2.Bacon: Of Studies; Of Beauty; Of Marriage and Single Life English Bourgeois Revolutionton: Paradise Lost; Samson Agonistes (力士参孙);On themorning of Christ’s Nativity4.Bunyan: The Pilgrim’s Progress;Grace Abounding to the Chief ofSinner; the Holy War5.John Donne:The Flea; Forbbiding MourningEighteenth Century(neoclassicism 新古典主义)6.Swift: A Tale of a Tub; Gulliver's Travels7.Defoe:Robinson Crusoe; Captain Singleton8.Fielding:Tom Jones; Joseph Andrews; Amelia9.Blake: Songs of Innocence; Songs of Experience;10.R obert Burns:Chiefly in the Scottish Dialect; The Tree of Liberty;My Heart’s in the Highlands; A Red, Red Rose; Auld Lang Syne Romanticism in England11.W illiam Wordsworth: I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud; My HeartLeaps up When I Behold; Above Tintern Abbey; Intimations ofImmortality12.B yron:Hours of Idleness; Don Juan; She Walks in Beauty; My Soul isDark; The First Kiss of Love; Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage13.S helly:Ode to the West Wind; Love's Philosophy; The Cloud; To aSkylark(致云雀); Prometheus Unbound14.K eats:Isabella; Ode on Melancholy; Ode to a Nightingale; Ode toAutumnEnglish Critical Realism(Victorian Era)15.D ickens: Sketches by Boz; Oliver Twist; A Christmas Carol; DavidCopperfield; A Tale of Two Cities; Great Expectations; Bleak House;Our Mutual Friend; Hard Times16.T hackeray:Vanity Fair; Cox's Diary17.J ane Austen:Sense and Sensibility; Pride and Prejudice; MansfieldPark; Emma18.C harlotte Bronte: Jane Eyre19.E mily Bronte: Wuthering Heights20.G eorge Elliot: The Mill on the Floss; Silas Marner; Middlemarch; Mid and Late 19th Century21.T he Brownings: Men and Women; Dramatic Lyrics; My LastDuchess; Pippa Paaaes;The Ring and the Book; Sonnets from the Portuguese22.C hristina. G. Rossetti: Seek and Find; A Story for Girls; Song; ABirthday20th C entury23.H enrry James:the wings of a dove; a portrait of a women;DaisyMiller;the ambassadors; the golden bowl24.B ernard Shaw: Widowers’ House; Saint Joan; The Apple Cart; Manand Superman; Heartbreak House25.T homas Hardy:Tess of the D'Urbervilles; Under the Greenwood Tree;Far from the Madding Crowd;Jude the Obscure26.O scar Wilde:The Picture of Dorian Gray; The Importance of BeingEarnest; The Truth Of Masks27.Y eats: When You are Old; The Lake Isle of Innisfree; The Tower; TheWinding Stair; The Wind Among the Reeds28.T. S. Elliot: Morning at the Window; The Waste Land; Four Quartets29.D. H. Laurence: The Rainbow; Women in Love; Sons and Lovers30.J ames Joyce:A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man; Ulysses;Dubliners31.V irginia Woolf:The Voyage Out; Mrs. Dalloway; To the Lighthouse;Between the ActsBefore and After the Second World War32.E. M. Foster: Where Angels Fear to Tread; The Longest Journey; ARoom with a View; Howards End; A Passage to India; Maurice33.D oris Lessing:The Grass is Singing; The Golden Notebook;Particularly Cats; Love, Again34.S omuel Beckett: Finnegans Waken ; More Pricks Than Kicks;Waitingfor Godot; The Trilogy Molloy;Malone Dies; The Unameable35.H arold Pinter:The Room; The Birthday Party; Tea Party;TheHomecoming; Old Times。
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8
Medieval English Literature
Norman Conquest---changes:
1. Politically:
feudalist system
2. Religiously:
Rome-based Catholic Church
3. Language:
French---official language
English literature
An Introduction to Old and Medieval English Literature
1
History Background
Early inhabitants---Celts---were conquered 3 times: a. Romans b. Anglo-Saxons: Germanic language and culture c. Normans: Mediterranean civilization (Greek culture, Roman law, Christian religion)
c. Beowulf vs fire-breathing dragon
It is a mingling of nature myths and heroic
legends.
4
Analysis of the poem
A folk legend---reflecting the features of tribal society of ancient times
It contains 3183 lines of alliterational verse
It describes the exploits of a Scandinavian hero
Three conflicts:
a. Beowulf vs Grendel (a monster)
b. Beowulf vs Grendel’s revengeful mother
Oft Scyld the Scefing from squadroned foes, from many a tribe, the mead-bench tore, awing the earls. Since erst he lay friendless, a foundling, fate repaid him: for he waxed under welkin, in wealth he throve, till before him the folk, both far and near, who house by the whale-path, heard his mandate, gave him gifts: a good king he!
5
Original Text:
Hwæt! We Gardena in geardagum, þeodcyninga, þrym gefrunon, hu ða æþelingas ellen fremedon. Oft Scyld Scefing sceaþena þreatum, monegum mægþum, meodosetla ofteah, egsode eorlas.
Romance uses narrative verse or prose to sing knightly adventures or other heroic deeds
2
Old English Literature
From 450 to 1066
(the period witnessed a transition from tribal society
to feudal society;
the year of the Norman conquest of England)
the religious group
and the secular one.
3
Beowulf
A typical example of Old English poetry, regarded as the national epic of the Anglo-Saxons.
Oral form in 6th c.=>Written in 10th c.
The Germanic tribes from the Northern Europe brought with them :
Anglo-Saxon language, the basis of Modern English and poetic tradition
Old English poetry consists of
Latin---principle tongue of church
and unuversities
OE
Old English--- common English people
9
From 1066 to mid-14th century
Middle English literature deals with a wider range of subjects,greater diversity of styles,tones and genres
6
Translated text:
Prelude of the Founder of the Danish House LO, praise of the prowess of people-kings of spear-armed Danes, in days long sped, we have heard, and what honor the athelings won!
The artistic features of Beo Nhomakorabeaulf:
a. the use of alliteration b. the use of metaphors and
understatement “ring-giver”---king; “sea-wood”---ship; “swan’s path” or “whale’s road”---sea; “not troublesome”---very welcome