人教版高中英语选择性必修第三册精品课件 Unit 3 Section B

【语法感悟】
①在句1,2,3中,黑体部分是 间接引语
。
②在句4中,黑体部分是 直接引语 。
语法精讲
引用别人的话有两种方式:一种是讲述别人的原话,并把它放在引号里,这 叫直接引语;另一种是用自己的话来转述别人的话,并且不能用引号,这就 是间接引语。直接引语转换为间接引语时要注意以下几点:
1.句子结构的变化 【先感悟】 Mary said,“I want to have a computer of my own.” →Mary said that she wanted to have a computer of her own. I said to Mary,“Do you really understand the meaning of the sentence?” →I asked Mary if/whether she really understood the meaning of the sentence. The teacher asked,“Where was it that you lost your key to the classroom?” →The teacher asked where it was that I had lost my key to the classroom.
目录索引
Part 1 Grammar Part 2 Language points
Part 1 Grammar
语法冲关•语言规则全理清
一图尽览
直接引语和间接引语
情景导入 观察下列句子,注意黑体部分在句中所作的句子成分。 1.An expert who has studied polar bears for many years said that from the position of its dead body,the bear appeared to have starved and died. 2.Experts claimed that low sea-ice levels caused by climate change meant the bear could not hunt seals as before,so it had to travel greater distances in order to find food. 3.Climate scientists have warned that if we do not take appropriate actions,this warming trend will probably continue and there will be a higher price to pay. 4.She said,“Caring for children is an ordinary job,but it can bring extraordinary effects.”
→Lily told me she was going to have a birthday party the next week.
My mother said to me,“Have you finished your homework?”
→My mother asked me if I had finished my homework.
My friend said to me,“Where have you been?”
→My friend asked me where I had been. 【善归纳】
直接引语是陈述句时,变为间接引语时主句的谓语动词said to sb要变
为 told sb
;直接引语是一般疑问句或特殊疑问句时,变为间接引
语时主句的谓语动词said要变为 asked 。
3.动词时态的变化 【先感悟】 I said to Mary,“Does your sister like playing the piano?” →I asked Mary if her sister liked playing the piano. Father said,“I am going to spend my holiday at the seaside this summer.” →Father said he was going to spend his holiday at the seaside that summer. The boy said to Mum,“I have already learned 10 English songs.” →The boy told Mum that he had already learned 10 English songs. She said to me,“I went over my lessons last night.” →She told me she had gone over her lessons the night before.
(3)直接引语中有具体的过去某年、某月、某日作状语。 Xiao Wang said,“I was born on April 20,1980.” →Xiao Wang said he was born on April 20,1980. (4)直接引语如果是一般现在时且表示一种反复出现或习惯性的动作。 He said,“I get up at six every morning.” →He said he gets up at six every morning.
5.时间状语的变化 【先感悟】 My friend said to me,“I am going swimming this afternoon.” →My friend told me that he was going swimming that afternoon. My brother said,“There is going to be an English film tomorrow evening.” →My brother said there was going to be an English film the next evening. My sister said,“I read the book several weeks ago.” →My sister said she had read the book several weeks before.
【善归纳】 直接引语是陈述句时,变为间接引语时用连接词that引导,that可以 省略 ; 如果直接引语是一般疑问句,变为间接引语时则要用if或 whether 来 引导;如果直接引语是特殊疑问句,变为间接引语时则要用___原__疑__问__词____ 来引导。
2.谓语动词的变化
【先感悟】
Lily said to me,“I’m going to have a birthday party next week.”
7.祈使句的引语转换 【先感悟】 “Listen to the teacher carefully in class,Tom,”said Mrs.Brown. →Mrs.Brown told Tom to listen to the teacher carefully in class. “Let’s go swimming in the lake this Saturday afternoon,” John said. →John suggested going swimming in the lake that Saturday afternoon. The policeman said to the boys,“Don’t play football in the street any more.” →The policeman warned the boys not to play football in the street any more.
4.人称代词的变化 【先感悟】
John said to me,“I will go climbing by myself.” →John told me he would go climbing by himself. My friend asked Tom,“Do you think a diary can become your friend?” →My friend asked Tom if he thought a diary could become his friend. Father asked Mother,“Have they arrived yet?” →Father asked Mother if they had arrived yet. 【善归纳】 直接引语是第一人称,变为间接引语时要和主句的 主语 一致;直接引语 是第二人称,变为间接引语时要和主句的 宾语 一致;直接引语是第三人 称,变为间接引语时代词的 人称不变 。
【善归纳】 主句的谓语动词是过去时,变为间接引语时一般应将直接引语的时态向前 推进一级,变成 过去的某种时态 。见下表:
直接引语 一般现在时 一般将来时 现在进行时般过去时 过去将来时 过去进行时 过去完成时 过去完成时
注意: 在以下几种情况下,在直接引语变为间接引语时,时态一般不变化。 (1)直接引语是客观真理。 “The moon moves around the earth,” the teacher told me. →The teacher told me that the moon moves around the earth. (2)直接引语是过去进行时。 Jack said,“John,where were you going when I met you in the street?” →Jack asked John where he was going when he met him in the street.
day (morning,evening) _________b_ef_o_r_e___________,the night (week,year) before。
6.指示代词等的变化 【先感悟】 Tom said to me,“This car belongs to me.” →Tom told me that car belonged to him. He said,“I will come here this evening.” →He said he would go there that evening. Sarah said to me,“Will you bring the dictionary to me?” →Sarah asked me if/whether I would take the dictionary to her. 【善归纳】 指示代词this要变为 that ,these变为 those ,地点副词here要变 为 there ,动词come要变为 go ,bring要变为 take 等。
【善归纳】 与现在有关的时间状语today,this morning (afternoon,evening,week)要变为 ______th_a_t_d_a_y_____________(morning,afternoon,week)。与将来有关的时间 状语tomorrow,tomorrow morning(afternoon,evening),next week,month要变 为_____th_e__n_ex_t__d_ay___________(morning,afternoon,week,month)。与过去有 关的时间状语yesterday (morning,evening),last night (week,year)要变为the