人教版2019--必修一 语法 高中英语定语从句专项知识点 课件

定语从句
1.定语
(1) He is an honest boy. adj.(2) We love our country. adj.(3) What’s your telephone number? n.定语
developing country 现在分词—定语 developed country 过去分词—定语
the way to study English (4) I can’t find the girl in red.
定语：用来限定、修饰名词或代词的；汉语中用“…的”。

主要是由形容词充当，此外名词、分词（现在、过去）、数词、代词、动词不定式以及介词短语也可以充当定语。

定语：前置定语：单个的单词作定语，放于被修饰的词的前面；
后置定语：短语或从句作定语，放于被修饰的词的后面；
定语从句：用一个完整的句子去充当定语；
2.结构
The man is a policeman.
The man lives next to us.
The man（The man lives next to us.） is a policeman.
The man the man lives next to us is a policeman.
The man A （who） lives next to us is a policeman.（A=the man）
被修饰的词 A 定语从句
定语从句=被修饰的词+A+从句
定语从句= 先行词 +关系词 +从句（先行词：被修饰的词；关系词：连接先行词和从句的词）；
3.关系词的作用（连、替、充）：
1)连接先行词和从句；
2)替代先行词；
3)在从句中充当句子成分（主、宾、表、定、状）；
关系词的分类：
1)关系代词（关系词在从句中充当主、宾、表、定语）：
that、which、who、whom、whose、as关系代词
1.that——先行词：人、物——主、宾、表——存在只用that的情况; 不能用于介词后；
不能用于非限制性定语从句
2.which——先行词：物——主、宾
3.who（主格）——先行词：人——主、宾——不能用于介词后
4.whom（宾格）——先行词：人——宾
5.whose——先行词：人、物——定（….的）——（先行词和从句主语是所属关系）
whose +n.= the +n. of which——先行词指物 whose +n.= the +n. of whom——先行词指人eg：Please pass me the book whose cover is green.
eg：Please pass me the book the cover of which is green.
四、认识关系副词
1.when——先行词：时间 where——先行词：地点 why——先行词：原因
关系副词里的考点：
1.关系副词=介词+which
1)why=for which
2)when、where=介词（自行选择）+which
介词的选择：根据从句的句意；根据从句中的谓语动词的搭配；
时间前的介词：at、on、in
1)I still remember the day_ when __ my brother joined the army.-主谓宾
I still remember the day_on which __ my brother joined the army. when=
on which
2)I live in the room _where____ he used to live.
I live in the room _in which____ he used to live. where= in which
3)This is the reason why I didn’t come here.
This is the reason for which I didn’t come here. why=for which
2.当从句缺少主、宾、表、定时，但是先行词却不是人或物；则选择that、which；
I still remember the days__ when _that/which____ we spent（the days） together.
缺宾语——关系代词
2)关系副词（关系词在从句中充当状语）：
when、where、why
★非限定性定语从句
名称意义结构要求功能引导词
限制性起限定作用，指特定
的人或物，不可省
略，否则原句句意不
完整
紧跟先行词，同
先行词之间一般
不加逗号。

修饰先行词
关系代词、关系
副词或that（作
宾语时可以省
略）
非限制性仅作补充说明作用，
若省略不影响原句
句意。

用逗号与主句隔
开
修饰先行词或整
个句子
关系代词、关系
副词，不用that
①位置的不同：
Which（放句中）引导的定语从句只置于所限制的句子后；as 位置较灵活，也就是说as可置于所限制的句子前面；插在句子中或放在句子后。

如：
1. He was late again, which made his teacher very angry.
2. Jack, as you know, is an honest man. 或Jack is an honest man , as you know.
或As you know, Jack is an honest man.
②先行词的不同：
as引导非限制性定语从句时，其先行词多为一个句子；
which引导非限制性定语从句时，其先行词可以是一个词，一个短语或一个句子。

He was proud, which his brother never was. （先行词是一个词）
She was very patient towards the children, which her husband seldom was.
He was proud, which I dislike very much.（先行词是一个句子）
He is an honest man, as is known to all.
He was a foreigner, as I know from his accent.
③as 一般译为"正如""就像"，"这一点"
as we all know；as you know; as is known to all; as you see; as we can see; as has been expected; as we have imagined.
·The same…as 与the same…that 的区别
The same…as 指的是同一类事物, 例如
She bought the same shirt as I wear.
The same…that 指的是同一个事物，例如
The police found the same car that I lost last week.
（关系词判断=从句的句子成分问题：关系代词/副词+先行词：哪一个）。