Availability, reliability and downtime of systems with repairable components

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常见维修英语词汇

修理的产品repaired item不修理的产品 non-repaired item服务service规定功能required function时刻instant of time时间区间 time interval持续时间 time duration累积时间 accumulated time量度 measure工作 operation修改(对产品而言) modification (of an item)效能 effectiveness固有能力 capability耐久性 durability可靠性 reliability维修性 maintainability维修保障性 maintenance support performance可用性 availability可信性 dependability失效 failure致命失效 critical failure非致命失效 non-critical failure误用失效 misuse failure误操作失效 mishandling failure弱质失效 weakness failure设计失效 design failure制造失效 manufacture failure老化失效;耗损失效 ageing failure; wear-out failure突然失效 sudden failure渐变失效;漂移失效 gradual failure; drift failure灾变失效 cataleptic failure关联失效 relevant failure非关联失效 non-relevant failure独立失效 primary failure从属失效 secondary failure失效原因 failure cause失效机理 failure mechanism系统性失效;重复性失效 systematic failure; reproducible failure 完全失效 complete failure退化失效 degradation failure部分失效 partial failure故障 fault致命故障 critical fault非致命故障 non-critical fault重要故障 major fault次要故障 minor fault误用故障 misuse fault误操作故障 mishandling fault弱质故障 weakness fault设计故障 design fault制造故障 manufacturing fault老化故障;耗损故障 ageing fault; wear-out fault程序敏感故障 programme-sensitive fault数据敏感故障 data-sensitive fault完全故障;功能阻碍故障 complete fault; function-preventing fault 部分故障 partial fault持久故障 persistent fault间歇故障 intermittent fault确定性故障 determinate fault非确定性故障 indeterminate fault潜在故障 latent fault系统性故障 systematic fault故障模式 fault mode故障产品 faulty item差错 error失误 mistake工作状态 operating state不工作状态 non-operating state待命状态 standby state闲置状态;空闲状态 idle state; free state不能工作状态 disable state; outage外因不能工作状态 external disabled state不可用状态;内因不能工作状态 down state; internal disabled state 可用状态 up time忙碌状态 busy state致命状态 critical state维修 maintenance维修准则 maintenance philosophy维修方针 maintenance policy维修作业线 maintenance echelon; line of maintenance维修约定级 indenture level (for maintenance)维修等级 level of maintenance预防性维修 preventive maintenance修复性维修 corrective maintenance受控维修 controlled maintenance计划性维修 scheduled maintenance非计划性维修 unscheduled maintenance现场维修 on-site maintenance; in sits maintenance; field maintenance 非现场维修 off-site maintenance遥控维修 remote maintenance自动维修 automatic maintenance逾期维修 deferred maintenance基本的维修作业 elementary maintenance activity维修工作 maintenance action; maintenance task修理 repair故障识别 fault recognition故障定位 fault localization故障诊断 fault diagnosis故障修复 fault correction功能核查 function check-out恢复 restoration; recovery监测 supervision; monitoring维修的实体 maintenance entity影响功能的维修 function-affecting maintenance妨碍功能的维修 function-preventing maintenance减弱功能的维修 function-degrading maintenance不影响功能的维修 function-permitting maintenance维修时间 maintenance time维修人时 MMH; maintenance man-hour实际维修时间 active maintenance time预防性维修时间 preventive maintenance time修复性维修时间 corrective maintenance time实际的预防性维修时间 active preventive maintenance time实际的修复性维修时间 active corrective maintenance time未检出故障时间 undetected fault time管理延迟(对于修复性维修) administrative delay后勤延迟 logistic delay故障修复时间 fault correction time技术延迟 technical delay核查时间 check-out time故障诊断时间 fault diagnosis time故障定位时间 fault localization time修理时间 repair time工作时间 operating time不工作时间 non-operating time需求时间 required time无需求时间 non-required time待命时间 standby time闲置时间 idle time; free time不能工作时间 disabled time不可用时间 down time累积不可用时间 accumulated down time外因不能工作时间 external disabled time; external loss time 可用时间 up time首次失效前时间 time to first failure失效前时间 time to failure失效间隔时间 time between failures失效间工作时间 operating time between failures恢复前时间 time to restoration; time to recovery使用寿命 useful life早期失效期 early failure period恒定失效密度期 constant failure intensity period恒定失效率期 constant failure rate period耗损失效期 wear-out failure period瞬时可用度 instantaneous availability瞬时不可用度 instantaneous unavailability平均可用度 mean availability平均不可用度 mean unavailability渐近可用度 asymptotic availability稳态可用度 steady-state availability渐近不可用度 asymptotic unavailability稳态不可用度 steady-state unavailability渐近平均可用度 asymptotic mean availability渐近平均不可用度 asymptotic mean unavailability平均可用时间 mean up time平均累积不可用时间 mean accumulated down time可靠度 reliability瞬时失效率 instantaneous failure rate平均失效率 mean failure rate瞬时失效密度 instantaneous failure intensity平均失效密度 mean failure intensity平均首次失效前时间 MTTFF; mean time to first failure平均失效前时间 MTTF; mean time to failure平均失效间隔时间 MTBF; mean time between failures平均失效间工作时间 MOTBF; mean operating time between failure 失效率加速系数 failure rate acceleration factor失效密度加速系数 failure intensity acceleration factor维修度 maintainability瞬时修复率 instantaneous repair rate平均修复率 mean repair rate平均维修人时 mean maintenance man-hour平均不可用时间 MDT; mean down time平均修理时间 MRT; mean repair timeP-分位修理时间 P-fractile repair time平均实际修复性维修时间 mean active corrective maintenance time平均恢复前时间 MTTR; mean time to restoration故障识别比 fault coverage修复比 repair coverage平均管理延迟 MAD; mean administrative delayP-分位管理延迟 P-fractile administrative delay平均后勤延迟 MLD; mean logistic delayP-分位后勤延迟 P-fractile logistic delay验证试验 compliance test测定试验 determination test实验室试验 laboratory test现场试验 field test耐久性试验 endurance test加速试验 accelerated test步进应力试验 step stress test筛选试验 screening test时间加速系数 time acceleration factor维修性检验 maintainability verification维修性验证 maintainability demonstration观测数据 observed data试验数据 test data现场数据 field data基准数据 reference data冗余 redundancy工作冗余 active redundancy备用冗余 standby redundancy失效安全 fail safe故障裕度 fault tolerance故障掩盖 fault masking预计 prediction可靠性模型 reliability model可靠性预计 reliability prediction可靠性分配 reliability allocation; reliability apportionment故障模式与影响分析 FMEA; fault modes and effects analysis故障模式影响与危害度分析 FMECA; fault modes, effects and criticality analysis故障树分析 FTA; fault tree analysis应力分析 stress analysis可靠性框图 reliability block diagram故障树 fault tree状态转移图 state-transition diagram应力模型 stress model故障分析 fault analysis失效分析 failure analysis维修性模型 maintainability model维修性预计 maintainability prediction维修树 maintenance tree维修性分配 maintainability allocation; maintainability apportionment 老练 burn in可靠性增长 reliability growth可靠性改进 reliability improvement可靠性和维修性管理 reliability and maintainability management可靠性和维修性保证 reliability and maintainability assurance可靠性和维修性控制 reliability and maintainability control可靠性和维修性大纲 reliability and maintainability programme可靠性和维修性计划 reliability and maintainability plan可靠性和维修性审计 reliability and maintainability audit可靠性和维修性监察 reliability and maintainability surveillance设计评审 design review真实的 true预计的 predicted外推的 extrapolated估计的 estimated固有的 intrinsic; inherent使用的 operational平均的 meanP-分位 P-fractile瞬时的 instantaneous稳态的 steady state。

计划性检修需遵循的5个步骤

计划性检修需遵循的5个步骤英文回答：Step 1: Planning and Preparation.The first step in planned maintenance is proper planning and preparation. This involves gathering all the necessary information about the equipment or system that needs to be maintained. I usually start by reviewing the maintenance history, identifying any recurring issues or patterns. Then, I create a detailed checklist of tasks that need to be performed during the maintenance process. For example, if I am planning to perform maintenance on a production line, I would gather information about the specific machines involved, their maintenance requirements, and any potential risks or hazards. This step is crucial as it helps me understand the scope of work and allocate the necessary resources and time.Step 2: Scheduling.Once I have gathered all the necessary information and created a checklist, the next step is to schedule the maintenance activities. This involves determining the optimal time for maintenance, considering factors such as equipment availability, production downtime, and resource availability. I usually coordinate with the production team to identify a time slot when the equipment or system can be taken offline without causing significant disruptions to the production schedule. It's important to strike a balance between minimizing downtime and ensuring that there is enough time to complete the maintenance tasks effectively.Step 3: Mobilization.After scheduling the maintenance activities, the next step is to mobilize the necessary resources. This includes assigning the right personnel to carry out the maintenance tasks and ensuring that they have the required tools, equipment, and materials. For example, if I am planning to perform maintenance on a HVAC system, I would assign a qualified technician who has experience in handling suchsystems. I would also ensure that the technician has access to the necessary tools and spare parts to complete the maintenance tasks. This step is crucial to ensure that the maintenance activities are carried out efficiently and effectively.Step 4: Execution.Once all the necessary resources are mobilized, it's time to execute the planned maintenance activities. This involves following the checklist and performing the tasks in a systematic manner. During the execution phase, I closely monitor the progress of the maintenance activities and address any issues or challenges that may arise. For example, if I encounter a problem that was not anticipated during the planning phase, I would assess the situation and make necessary adjustments to the maintenance plan. This step requires good problem-solving skills and the ability to adapt to changing circumstances.Step 5: Documentation and Evaluation.The final step in planned maintenance is documentation and evaluation. After completing the maintenance activities, I document all the work that has been done, including any repairs or replacements that were made. This documentation serves as a record of the maintenance activities and helpsin tracking the performance and reliability of the equipment or system. I also evaluate the effectiveness ofthe maintenance process by reviewing the maintenance history, analyzing any recurring issues, and identifying areas for improvement. This step is crucial as it helps in identifying opportunities to optimize the maintenance process and prevent future breakdowns or failures.中文回答：第一步，规划和准备。

可靠性术语中英文对照

[绝对可靠]?可靠性维修性标准术语中华人民共和国国家标准GB/T3178-94[可靠性维修性术语]产品<MONK>item修理的产品<MONK>repaireditem不修理的产品<MONK>non-repaireditem服务<MONK>service规定功能<MONK>requiredfunction时刻<MONK>instantoftime时间区间<MONK>timeinterval量度工作修改(效能耐久性可靠性维修性可用性可信性失效关联失效<MONK>relevantfailure非关联失效<MONK>non-relevantfailure独立失效<MONK>primaryfailure从属失效<MONK>secondaryfailure失效原因<MONK>failurecause失效机理<MONK>failuremechanism系统性失效;重复性失效<MONK>systematicfailure;reproduciblefailure;repeatfailure 完全失效<MONK>completefailure退化失效<MONK>degradationfailure部分失效<MONK>partialfailure故障<MONK>fault致命故障<MONK>criticalfault非致命故障<MONK>non-criticalfault重要故障<MONK>majorfault次要故障<MONK>minorfault误用故障<MONK>misusefault误操作故障<MONK>mishandlingfault弱质故障<MONK>weaknessfault设计故障<MONK>designfault制造故障<MONK>manufacturingfault老化故障;耗损故障<MONK>ageingfault;wear-outfault程序敏感故障<MONK>programme-sensitivefault差错失误维修维修方针<MONK>maintenancepolicy维修作业线<MONK>maintenanceechelon;lineofmaintenance维修约定级<MONK>indenturelevel(formaintenance)维修等级<MONK>levelofmaintenance预防性维修<MONK>preventivemaintenance修复性维修<MONK>correctivemaintenance受控维修<MONK>controlledmaintenance计划性维修<MONK>scheduledmaintenance非计划性维修<MONK>unscheduledmaintenance现场维修<MONK>on-sitemaintenance;insitsmaintenance;fieldmaintenance 非现场维修<MONK>off-sitemaintenance遥控维修<MONK>remotemaintenance自动维修<MONK>automaticmaintenance逾期维修<MONK>deferredmaintenance基本的维修作业<MONK>elementarymaintenanceactivity维修工作<MONK>maintenanceaction;maintenancetask修理<MONK>repair故障识别<MONK>faultrecognition故障定位<MONK>faultlocalization故障诊断<MONK>faultdiagnosis故障修复<MONK>faultcorrection功能核查<MONK>functioncheck-out恢复监测需求时间<MONK>requiredtime无需求时间<MONK>non-requiredtime待命时间<MONK>standbytime闲置时间<MONK>idletime;freetime不能工作时间<MONK>disabledtime不可用时间<MONK>downtime累积不可用时间<MONK>accumulateddowntime外因不能工作时间<MONK>externaldisabledtime;externallosstime 可用时间<MONK>uptime首次失效前时间<MONK>timetofirstfailure失效前时间<MONK>timetofailure失效间隔时间<MONK>timebetweenfailures失效间工作时间<MONK>operatingtimebetweenfailures恢复前时间<MONK>timetorestoration;timetorecovery使用寿命<MONK>usefullife早期失效期<MONK>earlyfailureperiod恒定失效密度期<MONK>constantfailureintensityperiod恒定失效率期<MONK>constantfailurerateperiod耗损失效期<MONK>wear-outfailureperiod瞬时可用度<MONK>instantaneousavailability瞬时不可用度<MONK>instantaneousunavailability平均可用度<MONK>meanavailability可靠度维修度平均修理时间<MONK>MRT;meanrepairtimeP-分位修理时间<MONK>P-fractilerepairtime平均实际修复性维修时间<MONK>meanactivecorrectivemaintenancetime 平均恢复前时间<MONK>MTTR;meantimetorestoration故障识别比<MONK>faultcoverage修复比<MONK>repaircoverage平均管理延迟<MONK>MAD;meanadministrativedelayP-分位管理延迟<MONK>P-fractileadministrativedelay平均后勤延迟<MONK>MLD;meanlogisticdelayP-分位后勤延迟<MONK>P-fractilelogisticdelay验证试验<MONK>compliancetest测定试验<MONK>determinationtest实验室试验<MONK>laboratorytest现场试验<MONK>fieldtest耐久性试验<MONK>endurancetest加速试验<MONK>acceleratedtest步进应力试验<MONK>stepstresstest筛选试验<MONK>screeningtest时间加速系数<MONK>timeaccelerationfactor维修性检验<MONK>maintainabilityverification维修性验证<MONK>maintainabilitydemonstration观测数据<MONK>observeddata冗余预计故障树维修树<MONK>maintenancetree维修性分配<MONK>maintainabilityallocation;maintainabilityapportionment 老练<MONK>burnin可靠性增长<MONK>reliabilitygrowth可靠性改进<MONK>reliabilityimprovement可靠性和维修性管理<MONK>reliabilityandmaintainabilitymanagement可靠性和维修性保证<MONK>reliabilityandmaintainabilityassurance可靠性和维修性控制<MONK>reliabilityandmaintainabilitycontrol可靠性和维修性大纲<MONK>reliabilityandmaintainabilityprogramme可靠性和维修性计划<MONK>reliabilityandmaintainabilityplan可靠性和维修性审计<MONK>reliabilityandmaintainabilityaudit可靠性和维修性监察<MONK>reliabilityandmaintainabilitysurveillance 设计评审<MONK>designreview真实的<MONK>true预计的<MONK>predicted外推的<MONK>extrapolated估计的<MONK>estimated固有的<MONK>intrinsic;inherent使用的<MONK>operational平均的<MONK>meanP-分位<MONK>P-fractile瞬时的<MONK>instantaneous稳态的。

oracle心跳 haip原理

oracle心跳 haip原理The Oracle Heartbeat HAIP principle is a critical aspect of ensuring high availability and reliability in Oracle databases.Oracle心跳HAIP原理是确保Oracle数据库高可用性和可靠性的关键方面。

In essence, HAIP (High Availability IP) is a technology that allows a highly available system to dynamically create and remove virtual IP addresses as part of a failover process.从本质上讲，HAIP（高可用性IP）是一种技术，允许高可用系统在故障切换过程中动态创建和删除虚拟IP地址。

This ensures that client connections can seamlessly transition to the new system without any interruption in service.这确保了客户端连接可以无缝地过渡到新系统，而无需任何服务中断。

At the heart of HAIP is the ability to monitor the health of system components and initiate failover procedures when necessary.在HAIP的核心是监控系统组件的健康状况，并在必要时启动故障切换程序的能力。

The Oracle Heartbeat HAIP principle leverages this technology to maintain constant communication between primary and standby databases, allowing for quick detection of failures and seamless switches to standby systems when needed.Oracle心跳HAIP原则利用这项技术保持主数据库和备用数据库之间的持续通信，可以快速检测故障，并在需要时无缝切换到备用系统。

关于容错和容错率的作文

关于容错和容错率的作文英文回答：Fault tolerance refers to the ability of a system to continue functioning properly even in the presence offaults or errors. It is an important concept in various fields, including computer science, engineering, and telecommunications. The purpose of fault tolerance is to ensure that the system remains reliable and available, even when certain components or processes fail.In computer science, fault tolerance is achieved through various techniques such as redundancy and error detection and correction. Redundancy involves having multiple copies of critical components or data, so that if one fails, the system can switch to a backup without any disruption. This can be seen in data storage systems, where data is often replicated across multiple servers. If one server fails, the data can still be accessed from another server.Error detection and correction techniques involve adding extra bits to data to detect and correct errors. For example, in communication systems, checksums or parity bits are used to verify the integrity of transmitted data. If an error is detected, the system can request for retransmission or use error correction algorithms to fix the errors.Another aspect of fault tolerance is the ability to recover from failures. This can be done through techniques such as fault detection, isolation, and recovery. Fault detection involves monitoring the system for any abnormalities or deviations from expected behavior. If a fault is detected, the system can isolate the faulty component or process to prevent it from affecting the rest of the system. Recovery involves restoring the system to a known good state, either by restarting the failed component or switching to a backup.Overall, fault tolerance is crucial in ensuring the reliability and availability of systems. It allows forcontinuous operation even in the presence of faults or errors, minimizing downtime and ensuring a seamless user experience.中文回答：容错指的是系统在发生故障或错误的情况下仍能正常运行的能力。

关键工序英语术语 -回复

关键工序英语术语-回复Title: Key Processes in the Manufacturing Industry: Unveiling Crucial InsightsIntroduction:The manufacturing industry plays a vital role in the global economy, contributing to the production of goods ranging from automobiles to electronics. To ensure efficiency and productivity, manufacturers employ a series of key processes. In this article, we will explore the significance of these processes in the manufacturing industry, their criticality, and how they enhance overall operational performance.I. Defining Key Processes:Key processes refer to the core activities that are essential for the successful completion of a manufacturing project. These activities involve a series of interconnected steps that are carefully planned, executed, and monitored to achieve optimal outcomes.II. The Importance of Key Processes:Efficiency and value generation are paramount for manufacturers. Key processes are crucial in achieving these objectives by streamlining production, improving product quality, reducing costs,and ensuring timely delivery.III. Identifying Key Processes in Manufacturing:1. Product Design:The product design process entails conceptualizing, designing, and developing a product that meets customer requirements and aligns with market trends. Design decisions significantly influence the efficiency and cost-effectiveness of subsequent manufacturing processes.2. Material Sourcing:Material sourcing involves identifying and procuring raw materials or components required for production. Efficient material sourcing ensures an uninterrupted supply chain, reduced costs, andhigh-quality final goods.3. Production Planning:Production planning focuses on organizing resources, defining timelines, and establishing the necessary infrastructure to execute manufacturing tasks. It aims to optimize machine availability, labor allocation, and minimize downtime.4. Supply Chain Management:Effective supply chain management ensures the smooth flow of materials and components from suppliers to manufacturers and, subsequently, to customers. This process involves logistics management, warehousing, inventory control, and order fulfillment.5. Quality Control:Quality control encompasses an array of activities aimed at ensuring that products meet stipulated quality standards. It involves monitoring manufacturing processes, conducting inspections, and performing tests to safeguard against defects and deviations.6. Lean Manufacturing:Lean manufacturing principles emphasize waste reduction, efficiency improvement, and continuous improvement. By eliminating non-value-added activities, companies can enhance productivity, reduce costs, and deliver products faster.7. Machine and Equipment Maintenance:Regular maintenance of machinery and equipment is crucial forrunning operations smoothly. Preventive maintenance schedules, calibration, and timely repairs can minimize downtime and prevent costly breakdowns.8. Packaging and Delivery:The final stages of key processes involve proper packaging of finished goods and their efficient delivery to customers or distribution centers. Appropriate packaging protects the product during transportation and enhances customer satisfaction.IV. Balancing Key Processes:Achieving a fine balance between speed, cost, and quality is paramount for manufacturers. Trade-offs exist in various key processes, such as maintaining a balance between minimizing costs by sourcing cheaper raw materials and ensuring high-quality end products.V. Technology and Automation:To enhance the effectiveness of key processes, manufacturers increasingly rely on advanced technologies and automation. Robotics, artificial intelligence, and data analytics enable improved efficiency, reduced errors, and predictive maintenance.VI. Conclusion:Key processes in the manufacturing industry are pivotal for achieving operational excellence, maintaining high product standards, and responding efficiently to ever-increasing market demands. By leveraging these processes and embracing technological advancements, manufacturers can stay competitive in the dynamic global marketplace.。

微服务规范

微服务规范关于微服务 (2)概念和定义 (2)组件与服务 (2)去中心化和集中架构 (3)围绕业务功能进行组织 (3)产品不是项目? (4)强化终端及弱化通道 (4)分散治理 (4)分散数据管理 (4)基础设施自动化 (4)容错性设计 (4)设计改进 (4)其它 (5)微服务与SOA (5)多语言，多选择 (5)实践标准和强制标准 (5)原则 (5)Availability：标准的目标 (5)Production-Readiness 标准 (5)Stability (5)Reliability (6)Scalability (6)Fault Tolerance (6)Catastrophe preparedness (6)Performance (6)Monitoring (6)Documentation (6)服务化架构的演进历史 (6)历史 (6)MVC (6)RPC (6)SOA (7)微服务架构 (7)微服务架构的开发原则 (7)微服务架构的测试原则 (7)微服务架构的部署原则 (8)微服务架构的治理原则 (8)微服务的接口原则 (8)特征 (8)服务的业务要素必须唯一并不具有歧义 (8)服务必须在空间和时间上具有唯一性和稳定性 (8)服务需要具备多态性 (8)实践 (9)微服务的粒度 (9)微服务系统多大？ (9)微服务规划与设计 (9)人员角色的变化 (9)挑战 (9)问题 (10)“轻量化”解决方案 (10)安全性问题 (10)系统间耦合问题 (10)系统可靠性问题 (10)全局事务一致性问题 (10)异构系统问题 (11)组织需求与架构选择 (11)微服务是未来吗？ (12)附录 (12)关于微服务概念和定义简单来说，服务的本质就是行为（业务活动）的抽象。

对于SOA，推进结构化信息标准组织（OASIS）和开放团体（Open Group）均给出了正式定义。

OASIS将SOA定义为：A paradigm for organizing and utilizing distributed capabilities that may be under the control of different ownership domains. It provides a uniform means to offer, discover, interact with and use capabilities to produce desired effects consistent with measurable preconditions and expectations.Open Group将SOA定义为：Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA) is an architectural style that supports service-orientation. Service-orientation is a way of thinking in terms of services and service-based development and the outcomes of services.A service:●Is a logical representation of a repeatable business activity that●has a specified outcome (e.g., check customer credit, provide weather data, consolidatedrilling reports)●Is self-contained May be composed of other services●Is a “black box” to consumers of the service业界基本的认知是，SOA是一种架构模式，是一种面向服务的思维方式。

容错容错率作文素材

容错容错率作文素材英文回答：Resilience and fault tolerance are important conceptsin various fields, including engineering, technology, and even personal development. In simple terms, resilience refers to the ability to recover quickly from difficulties or setbacks, while fault tolerance refers to the ability to continue functioning even in the presence of faults or errors.In engineering, resilience is a crucial factor in designing systems that can withstand unexpected events or failures. For example, in the field of civil engineering, buildings and structures are designed to be resilient to natural disasters such as earthquakes or hurricanes. This means that even if the structure is damaged, it can still remain standing and provide a safe environment for the occupants.Similarly, in the field of technology, fault tolerance is essential in ensuring the reliability and availability of computer systems. For instance, in a data center, multiple servers are often deployed to handle the workload. If one server fails, the workload can be automatically transferred to other servers without any interruption in service. This fault-tolerant design ensures that users can continue to access the system without experiencing any downtime.In personal development, resilience plays a vital role in overcoming challenges and achieving success. Life isfull of ups and downs, and being resilient allows us to bounce back from failures or setbacks. For instance, if I fail an exam, I can choose to view it as a learning opportunity and use it as motivation to study harder for the next one. This positive mindset and resilience will ultimately lead to personal growth and success.中文回答：容错和容错率是各个领域中重要的概念，包括工程、技术甚至个人发展。

设备管理英文术语大全

概率〔几率〕probability·方差variance·分散维修decentralized maintenance·动态试验dynamic test·动力设备设施办理power facilities management·除尘、防护设备办理duct-proof and protective equipment managemen t ·抽样查询拜访sampling investigation·备件国产化办理domestic production management of imported spare parts ·尺度偏差standard deviation·安装预算budget of installation·包机制machine contracting system·班前查抄与润滑制度regulation of check and lubrication before on shift ·［设备］交接班制度shift relief system·设备办理条例〔条例〕Equipment Management Regulation·[设备]补缀repair·[设备]维修maintenance (and repair)·重点查询拜访key-point investigation·重点设备办理management of key-point equipment·重点设备key-point equipment·责任变乱liability accident·指数分布exponential distribution·直方图histogram·预付与托收承付prepayment and collection·预防性试验prophylactic test·预防为主prevention first·正交设计法〔正交试验法〕orthogonal design·正态分布normal distribution·运输车辆办理制度transportation vehicle management system·质量“三包〞three guarantees of quality·质量变乱accident due to quality·压力容器办理制度management regulation of pressure vessel·无故障运行时间mean time to failure·威布尔分布Weibull distribution·闲置设备办理制度idle equipment management·闲置设备idle plant·统计阐发statistical analysis·维修性maintainability·维修信息办理maintenance information management·维护与方案检修相结合combination of service and planned maintenance ·随机事件random event·数控设备办理numerical control (NC) equipment management·三级调养制three-level service system·数学期望mathematical expectation·数学模型mathematical model·数理统计mathematical statistics·出产技术装备technical facilities in production·出产设备production equipment·寿命周期费用life cycle cost (LCC)·润滑油库办理制度mangement regulation of lubricant warehouse·商检〔商品查验〕commodity inspection·设计、制造与使用相结合combination of design, manufacturing and operation ·设备调研investigation on plant·设备的可靠性与可靠度reliability reliability theory·设备的节能性energy saving property of plant·设备的查抄评比facility inspection and appraise through comparison for plant ·设备点检制度plant check system·设备的成套性complete set of plant·设备的安然性safety of plant·设备的出产率productivity of plant设备的耐用性durability of plant·设备的灵活性flexibility of plant·设备状态监测与诊断技术办理equipment condition monitoring and diagnostic technology manage·设备状态办理制度equipment condition management systen·设备综合办理total plant management·设备资产动态办理制度dynamic management system of plant assets·设备租赁plant leasing·设备修前筹办制度preparation system before equipment repair·设备补缀工时定额man-hours quota for equipment repair·设备补缀费用定额expense quota for equipment repair·设备补缀材料定额material quota for equipment repair·设备补缀质量验收制度acceptance regulation of equipment repair quality·设备型号equipment model·设备型式type of equipment·设备经济寿命economical life of equipment·设备经营办理制度operation and business management system·设备技术档案technical document of plant·设备技术状况technical conditions of equipment·设备技术状态办理technical condition management of plant·设备技术资料办理制度management system for technical document and plant ·设备技术性能technical properties of plant·设备技术寿命technical life of equipment·设备检修专业化协作specialized cooperation of plant maintenance·设备检修方案办理制度planning and management regulation of plant maintenance·设备检修方案plant maintenance plan·设备检修规程plant maintenance specification·设备检修质量plant maintenance quality·设备根底设计与施工design and construction of equipment foundation·设备合同办理management of equipment order contract·设备规划可行性阐发feasibility studies of plant project设备规划investment plan of plant·设备功能〔效能〕performance of plant·设备工作能力operational capability of plant·设备办理查核制度examination and check systems of plant management·设备办理经济责任制度economic responsibility regulation of plant management ·设备办理岗位尺度post standard of plant management·设备办理制度plant management systems·设备办理停歇时间定额〔停歇天数〕downtime quota for equipment repair·设备办理现代化plant engineering modernization·设备办理plant management, plant enginerring·设备固定资产办理制度fixed plant assets management systems·设备故障equipment failure·设备更新办理制度plant renewal management·设备更新plant renewal·设备更换plant replacement·设备岗位责任post responsibility of plant management·设备改造办理制度equipment modification management system·设备改造plant reconstruction, plant modernization·设备分级办理classified management of plant·设备定人定机、凭证操作规定operation regulation with fixed qualified operator and fixed eq·设备操作的“五项纪律〞“five disciplines〞of plant operation·设备操作规程operation specification of equipment·设备备品配件办理制度management regulation of equipment spare parts·设备备件库房办理制度management regulation of equipment spare parts inventory·设备报价to quote plant price·设备报废discard of plant·设备安装办理equipment installation management·设备安装equipment installation·设备巡回查抄制度tours system to inspect plant·设备询价to enquire plant price设备选型plant model selection·设备验收交接制度acceptance check and reception systems of plant·设备统计报表制度statistic-reporting system of plant·设备维修技术资料technical document and date for plant maintenance·设备维修技术办理制度management regulation of plant maintenance technology ·设备维修定额equipment maintenance quota·设备维护规程equipment service specification·设备台帐unit account of plant·设备完好尺度equipment perfectness norm·设备完好plant in good condition·设备索赔claims for equipment·设备使用规程specifications of usage·设备使用初期信息反响办理information feedback management in initial operation period of pl·设备使用与维护办理制度management regulation for operation and service of equipment·设备全过程办理life-cycle management of plant·设备寿命life of equipment·设备润滑办理制度lubrication management regulation of plant·设备润滑“五定〞“five fixation〞of lubrication·设备变乱办理制度accident management regulation of plant·设备变乱“三不放过〞three do not let pass of plant accident·设备变乱plant accident·设备区域维修负责制region responsibility system of plant maintenance·设备前期办理和后期办理fore period and later period management of plant·设备前期办理规定regulation of fore period management of plant·设备磨损抵偿wear compensation for plant·设备老化plant ageing·算术平均值〔均值〕arithmetic mean·强制调养制coercionary service system·投资效果系数effect coefficient of investment·设备经济办理制度economic management system of plant设备办理评优活动excellence selection activity in plant management·摆列图〔帕累托图〕Pareto chart·负荷试验load test·故障停机时间breakdown time·工艺适应性technological adaptability·工程设备监理supervision of engineering facilities·工序控制点设备办理management of proccess-control-point equipment·合同变动与解除contract change and cancellation·混合维修combined maintenance·回归阐发regression analysis·查抄间隔期interval between inspections·检修社会化socialization of maintenance·集中维修centralized maintenance·技术先进性technical advancement·技术办理与经济办理相结合combination of technical management and economic management·计算机辅助设备办理computer-aided plant management·方案预修制度〔ЛЛP〕planned preventive maintenance system·进口设备离岸价FOB of imported equipment·进口设备办理imported equipment management·进口设备到岸价CIF of imported equipment·精、大、稀设备precise,large scale,rare plant·精、大、稀设备办理management of precise,large scale,rare equipment ·精、大、稀、关键设备的“五定〞“five fixed〞of precise,large scale,rare,critical equipme·经济性economy·静态试验static test·开箱查抄open-case inspection·平均偏差average deviation·平均等待时间mean waiting time,MWT·补缀周期repair cycle·补缀周期布局structure of repair cycle补缀、改造与更新相结合combination of repair, modernization and renewal·补缀复杂系数complexity coefficient of repair·补缀间隔期time between repairs·租赁设备办理制度leased equipment management system·资金的时间价值time value of fund·自然变乱natural accident·便宜设备self-made equipment·便宜设备办理制度management system for selfmade equipment·便宜备件办理制度self-made spare parts management system·专业办理与群众办理相结合combination of professional management and mass management·转让设备〔设备调剂〕transfer of facility·典型查询拜访typical investigation·地域〔部分〕补缀中心areal (departmental) repair center·废油回收率recovery ratio of used oil·动力设备完好率perfectness ratio of power plant·按期调养完成率fulfillment ratio of periodic service·大补缀平均停歇天数mean downtime(days) due to overhaul·重点设备完好率perfectness ratio of key-point equipments·一次交验合格率qualification ratio under first acceptance check·在用设备可操纵率availability of plant in use·已安装设备操纵率utilization ratio of installed equipments·万元固定资产年创利润率annual profit ratio per 10000 yuan fixed assets·万元产值占用维修费用maintenance expense for 1000 yuan production value ·实有设备安装率installation ratio of owned equipments·设备综合操纵率comprehensive utilization ratio of plant·设备资产增值率added value rate of plant assets·设备资产投资回收期capital investment recovery period of plant·设备新度newness degree of plant·设备净资产创利润率profit ratio vs net book value of plant·设备方案台时操纵率utilization ratio of planned time of plant设备构成比constitution ratio of plant·设备负荷率load rate of plant·设备返修率back repair rate·设备制度台时操纵率utilization ratio of institutional time of plant·设备闲置率idelness ratio of plant·设备投资回收报率plant capital investment recovery ratio·设备投资产出比capital investment recovery period of plant·设备完好率perfectness ratio of plant·设备日常调养完成率plant daily service fulfillment ratio·设备变乱频率incident frequency·设备操纵率utilization ratio·变乱［故障］停机率down time ratio to accident (failure)·清洗换油方案完成率fulfillment ratio of cleaning and oil change plan·每个补缀复杂系数平均大补缀成本mean repair cost per complexity coefficient of repair·每个复杂系数占用维修费用maintenance expense per repair complexity coefficient·每万元固定资产创工业增加值率industrial increase value ratio per 10000 yuan fixed assets·故障强度failure intensity·故障频率failure frequency·关键设备完好率perfectness ratio of critical equipments·精大稀设备完好率perfectness raito of precise,large scale and rare equipments ·可操纵率〔有效操纵率〕availability·平均停机时间mean down time,MDT·平均故障间隔期，平均无故障工作时间mean time between failture·补缀方案完成率fulfillment ratio of repair plan废润滑油再生〔废油再生〕regeneration of waste lubricating oil·防泄漏办理leak prevention management·二级调养second level service·按期精度调整periodic accuracy adjustment·定人定机制度system of fixed machine and operator·额定载荷rated load·超负荷试运行commissioning under overload·初步试运行preliminary commissioning·操作工人的“四会〞four basic skills for operator·参数故障parametric failure·调养方案完成率fulfilment ratio of service plan·调养规程service specification·调养“十字〞作业法“ten words〞method for service·调养service·安然性故障safety failure·安然规程safety procedure·[设备性能]劣化degradation (of equipment performance)·PM小组PM group·隐蔽故障hidden failure·有效性availability·有效度avaliability·有效寿命effective life·制度时间institutional time·一级调养first level service·原发故障primary failure·原始记录original record·正常负荷normal load·正常超载normal overload·治漏“八字〞法“eight words〞method for leakage control·运行时间operating time仪表“三率〞“three rate〞of meter·早〔初〕期故障期early failure period·永久性故障〔持续性故障〕permanent failure·验收试运行final commissioning·无泄露[区]尺度leakless(area) standard·突发性〔偶发〕故障random failure·维护费service cost·危险性故障dangerous failure·误操作故障failure by misoperation·完好设备perfect facility·出产维修productive maintenance(PM)·润滑工作岗位责任制post responsibility of lubrication work·润滑办理制度lubrication management system·润滑“五定〞“fi ve fixation〞of lubrication·润滑“三过滤〞three-step filtration of lubricating oil·润滑站lubricating station·润滑图表lubricating diagram·试车commissioning·日常调养费daily service expenses·日常调养〔日保〕daily service·日历时间操纵率utilzation ratio of calender time·设备的可靠性和可靠度reliability·设备的区域维护regional service of equipment·设备技术状态technical conditions of equipment·设备故障率曲线〔浴盆曲线〕failure rate curve of equipment,tub curve ·设备操作合格证operation licence·设备“5S〞活动“5S〞activity of equipment·设备隐患hidden trouble of equipment·设备运行记录operation record of equipment·设备维护的“四项要求〞four requirements for plant service设备维护尺度service standard of equipment·设备维护equipment service·设备使用的“三好〞three well doing for use of facility·设备使用过程process of machine operation·设备三级调养three-level service system for equipment·设备日常点检routine inspection·设备清洗〔清扫〕cleaning of plant·设备漏油尺度oil leakage standard·设备操纵系数utilization factor of equipment·人身庇护装置personal safety device·强制调养mandatory service·潜在故障latent filure·偶发故障期accidental failure period·磨损性故障wearout failure·例行调养〔例保〕routine service·密封点sealed point·劣化趋向办理degradation trend control·随机故障random failure·设备的按期维护periodic service of equipment·负荷试运行commissoning under load·故障类型failure type·故障率〔掉效率〕failure rate·故障率底子类型basic forms of failure rate·故障模式failure mode·故障模型failure model·故障弱化failure weakening·故障树阐发FTA,fault tree analysis·故障物理学physics of failure·故障停机率breakdown rate·故障征兆failure symptom·故障安然safety protection against failure·故障阐发方法failure analysis method·故障机理failure mechanism·功能故障functional failure·关键设备使用维护“四定〞four stipulations for operation and maintenance of critical equip·耗损〔劣化〕故障期exhaustion failure period·红旗设备red-flag equipment·底子故障basic failure·间断性故障intermittent failure·继发故障secondary failure·方案时间操纵率utilization ratio of planned time·渐衰掉效性故障local and gradual failure·渐发性〔磨损〕故障gradual(wear-out) failure·精、大、稀、关键设备的使用维护operation and service of precise,large scale,rare and criti·净开动时间net operating time·可使用时间up time·可用性〔可操纵率〕availability·可靠性为中心的维修reliability centered maintenance,RCM·平均故障间隔期〔平均无故障工作时间〕mean time between failures,MTBF·破坏性故障catastrophic failure·起重机安然庇护safety protection of crane·最大允许寿命〔传播鼓吹寿命〕maximum permitted life (declared life)·自显故障self-displayed failure·综合试运行total commissioning·专群结合combination of specialists and masses·调整adjustment·跟踪查抄trail checkout·法定查抄lawful inspection·动特性试验dynamic performance test·动态精度dynamic accuracy动态查验dynamic test·按期点检periodic fixed point inspection·按期查抄periodic inspection·按期参数查抄periodic parameter examination·按期润滑查抄periodic lubrication check·“三位一体〞点检制“three in one〞fixed point inspetion system·主不雅〔五官〕判断故障subjective(sensible) failure deciding·一般目视查抄general visual inspection·影响设备效率的六大损掉six major losses affecting running efficiency·正常查抄normal inspection·巡回查抄patrol inspection·巡回检测patrol test·无损查抄non-destructive test·停机时间down time·微不雅组织查抄examination of microscopic structure·损坏break down·缺陷defect·掉效〔故障〕failure·容许故障率allowable failure rate·日常查抄daily inspection·日常润滑查抄daily lubrication check·设备点检fixed point inspection of equipment·设备查抄facilities inspection·设备监测equipment monitoring·设备故障频率equipment failure frequency·设备故障办理效果评价result evaluation of plant failure management·设备诊断技术equipment diagnostic technique·设备诊断equipment diagnosis·酸洗查抄inspection with pickling·敲打查抄hammering test磨损查抄wearing inspection·表里表查抄inner surface inspection·故障强度率failure intensity rate·故障趋于零的“四个阶段〞“four steps〞to zero failure·故障危害程度harm extent of failure·故障为零的五项办法five measures to zero failure·故障〔停机〕损掉breakdown loss·故障办理程序program of railure management·故障办理信息information of failure management·故障补缀troubleshooting·功能查抄〔功能测试〕function inspection,function test·宏不雅组织查抄examination of macroscopic structure·检定周期cycle of verification·技术维护technical service·季节性技术维护seasonal technical service·方案保全办理planned maintenance management·解体查抄inspection under disassembled condition·精度查抄accuracy inspection·静态精度static accurary·可靠性试验reliability test·可靠性阐发reliability analysis·平均寿命时间〔MTTF〕mean time to failure·状态监测condition monitoring·状态查抄condition inspection·点检的主要环节main items of fixed point inspection改善补缀corrective maintenance·返修率back repair rate·分级补缀stepped(sizing) repair·分散补缀制decentralized maintenance system·废次品及返修损掉waste and ungraded product and back repair loss ·非预定维修时间unscheduled maintenance time·按期补缀作业periodic repair task·按期维修法periodic repair·定位精度location accuracy·传动精度transmission accuracy·大修方案点窜revision of overhaul plan·大修方案查核assesment of overhaul plan·大修方案编制overhaul planning·大修方案依据basis of overhaul plan·大修方案完成率fulfilment rate of overhaul plan·大修方案实施implementation of overhaul plan·大修费用overhaul cost·大修成本构成overhaul cost·大修成本阐发overhaul cost analysis·大修成本完成率fulfilment rate of overhaul cost·大修保修overhaul guarantee·大修周期interval between overhauls, overhaul cycle·大修质量包管体系guarantee system of overhaul quality·大补缀质量评定overhaul quality evaluation·大补缀质量控制overhaul quality control·大修overhaul,capital repair·部件补缀法assembly repair·局部补缀法partial repair·抵偿法compensation method·备件出产方案production program of spqre parts备份或冗余系统stand-by or redundancy system·尺度尺寸补缀法standard-size repair method·八步法“eight steps〞method·重复定位精度repeat location accuracy·中修middle repair·有可维修备份的系统system with maintainable standby parts·远距离维修remote maintenance·预防维修preventive maintenance·预定维修时间scheduled maintenance time·预知维修〔状态监测维修〕predictive maintenance·质量体系quality system·质量quality·逾期维修deferred maintenance·网络方案network planning·维修技术培训maintenance skill training·维修间隔〔正常运行时间〕maintenance interval, uptime·维修活动的经济阐发economic analysis of maintenance activities ·维修工人maintenance worker·维修防护maintenance protection·维修车间maintenance shop·维修预防maintenance prevention·维修周期maintenance cycle·维修时间maintenance time·同步补缀法synchronous repair·停修时间repair downtime·项修〔工程补缀〕item repair·外委补缀repair on commission·全员参加的出产维修制〔TPM〕total production maintenance system·受控维修controlled maintenance·寿命周期维修life cycle maintenance热修hot repair·设备补缀方案repair schedule of equipment·设备补缀验收acceptance check for equipment repair·设备季度补缀方案quarterly repair schedule of equipment·设备技术查核technical check of equipment·设备大修方案equipment overhaul plan·设备月度补缀方案monthly repair schedule of equipment·设备维修方案equipment maintenance plan·设备维修三要素three essential factors of equipment maintenance ·设备项修方案item repair plan of equipment·设备年度补缀方案annual repair schedule of equipment·事后补缀breakdown maintenance·抢修first-aid repair·大修机床精度accuracy of machine tool after overhaul·滚动方案rolling (circulation) plan·办理信息系统维修MIS maintenance·工程能力指数process capacity index·工作精度working accuracy·恢复性补缀recovery repair·机床旋转精度rotational accuracy of machine tool·机修车间〔分厂〕machine repair shop·机修技工maintenance mechanic·机械修复法mechanical repair method·机械的瞬时效率instantaneous efficiency of machinery·互换法interchange method·查验inspection·集中补缀制centralized maintenance system·几何精度geometric accuracy·季节性补缀seasonal repair·方案外补缀repair out of plan方案维修scheduled maintenance·方案预修制〔ППP〕planned preventive maintenance system ·方案补缀planned repair·接触精度contact accuracy·紧急补缀作业emergency repair task·当场加工修配法machining and fitting method on the spot·精度指数precision index·精度尺度accuracy standard·精度保持性precision retaining ability·精度储藏precision reserve·精修fine repair·精修技工fine repair mechanic·经济精度economic accuracy·平衡精度等级balancing precision grade·平均补缀时间mean time to repair(MTTR), mean repair time·小修minor repair·修配法fitting method·修配环repair link·补缀任务书repair specification·补缀施工调剂repair rasks dispatch·补缀时间repair time, shutdown time·补缀停歇时间定额downtime quota for equipment repair·补缀用设备repair facilities·补缀质量repair quality·补缀质量指标repair quality index·补缀质量方案repair quality plan·补缀质量查核repair quality assessment·补缀标识repair symbols·补缀成本查核repair cost assessment·补缀尺寸repair size补缀定额repair quota·补缀费用定额repair cost quota·补缀方案repair scheme·补缀工时定额repair manhour quota·补缀工时查核repair manhours assessment·补缀工艺repair technology·补缀工程车maintenance engineering truck·补缀东西maintenance tool·补缀工期查核repair time limit assessment·补缀查核repair assessment·修前预检inspection before repair·修前测绘measuring and drawing before repair·修前拜候inquiry before repair·修后效劳service after repair·最优补缀周期optimum repair cycle·装配精度assembly accuracy·电修车间〔分厂〕electric repair shop·电修技工maintenance electrician·单台设备补缀费用核算repair cost accounting for single equipment ·调整法adjustment method·调整环adjusting link覆盖件covering parts·返修品back repaired products·分散〔混合〕储藏decentralized storage·分散出产方式decentralized production mode·分散出产分散储藏decentralized production and decentralized storage ·废品损掉rejection loss·废品率rejection rate·废品waste products·存放合理化storage rationalization·储藏形式storage form·储藏恢复周期〔订货间隔期〕interval between orders·储藏限额storage limit·大型铸锻件large-sized casting and forging·次品substandard products·超差品over-tolerance products·常备备件runing spare parts·成品finished products·成品储藏storage of finished products·成对储藏conjugated storage·成对〔套〕件conjugated parts·部件储藏storage of assembles·部件assembly·仓库面积操纵率utilization ratio of storehouse area·备件的“五清〞“five clear〞for spare parts·备件自给率self - sufficiency rate of spare parts·备件自然掉效natural failure of spare parts·备件资金的核算法accounting method of spare parts fund·备件资金占用率occupation rate of spare parts fund·备件资金周转期turnover period of spare parts fund·备件资金周转率turnover rate of spare parts fund备件查核指标assessment criteria of spare parts managment·备件卡根底资料elementary data of spare parts cards·备件卡〔帐〕cards of spare parts·备件库的“五五码放〞“five - five tiering〞for storehouse of spare parts ·备件库的“三一致〞“thr ee coincidence〞for storehouse of spare parts ·备件库的“三清〞“three clear〞for storehouse of spare parts·备件库的“两齐〞“two neatness〞for storehouse of spare parts·备件库办理工作management of spare parts storehouse·备件库存供应率supply rate of spare parts inventory·备件库保管员职责responsibility of spare parts storehouse manager ·备件库职责responsibilities for storehouses of spare parts·备件库storehouse for spare parts·备件经济办理economic management of spare parts·备件经常储藏定额regular storage quota of spare parts·备件方案员planner responsible for spare parts·备件计算机办理computer - aided management of spare parts·备件技术员technician responsible for spare parts·备件技术掉效technical failure of spare parts·备件汇总collection of spare parts·备件合用率suitability of spare parts·备件供应率supply rate of spare parts·备件办理方案工作planning work of sapre parts management·备件办理技术工作technical work of spare parts management·备件办理职责responsibility of spare parts management·备件办理spare parts management·备件范围range of spare parts·备件分类工作classifying work of spare parts·备件订货点法ordering point method of spare parts·备件订货点ordering point of spare parts·备件订货量ordering quantity of spare parts·备件按期订货法periodic ordering method of spare parts·备件定量订货法fixed - quantity ordering method of spare parts·备件定量保持法〔维持定量法〕fixed - quantity keeping method of spare parts ·备件储藏的“三点制〞“three point system〞of spare parts storage·备件储藏资金限额limit of funds for reserve spare parts·备件储藏资金funds for reserve spare parts·备件储藏定额storage quota of spare parts·备件储藏掉效寿命storage life of spare parts to failure·备件成本价格cost price of spare parts·备件采购〔供应〕周期delivery cycle of spare parts·备件包装法packing method of spare parts·备件拥有量possessed amount of spare parts·备件周转加速率turnover acceleration rate of spare parts·备件周转率turnover rate of spare parts·备件质量查验quality inspection of spare parts·备件图册底子内容main contents of spare parts album·备件图册质量quality of spare parts album·备件图册spare parts album·备件统计阐发法statistical analysis method of spare parts·备件统计statistic of spare parts·备件消耗量consumption of spare parts·备件退库率return rate of spare parts·备件使用寿命service life of spare parts·备件双箱法〔双储藏法〕double case method of spare parts·备件出产方式production mode of spare parts·备件寿命life of spare parts·备件名目卡〔帐〕item cards of spare parts·备件年平均库存金额annual average stock sum of spare parts·备件ABC办理法A,B,C management method of spare parts·备件ABC分类法A,B,C classifying method of spare parts备件spare parts·尺度件standard parts·半成品储藏storage of semifinished porducts·半成品semi-finished products·易损件vulnerable parts·中心备件库central storehouse of spare parts·一般备件running spare parts·液压件hydraulic parts·在成品articles being processed·循环性备件repairable spare parts·限寿机件life-limited item·特殊储藏special storage·橡胶件rubber parts·替代品substitute products·维修用外购物资outsourcing materials used for maintenance·通用配件商品化commercialization of general-purpose spare parts·微电子器件micro-electronic parts of appliances·消耗性备件consumptive spare parts·消耗定额consume quota·外协件outsourcing manufactured parts·外购备件储藏定额公式storage quota formula of outsourcing spare parts·外购备件outsourcing spare parts·确定备件的布局阐发法structural analysis method for determining spare parts ·润滑件lubricating parts·设备备件综合卡〔帐〕integrated cards of equipment spare parts·设备备件卡〔帐〕cards of equipment spare parts·强制更换件mandatory replacement item·每个复杂系数备件资金fund of spare parts per complexity coefficient·毛坯库storehouse for stocks·毛坯件stock毛坯储藏storage of stock·密封件sealing parts·配件fittings·通用〔共用〕件general-purpose parts·光学系统备件parts of optical system·贵重备件valuable spare parts·管路备件spare parts for pipes·工程塑料件engineering plastic parts·关键备件critical spare parts·机械零件machine parts·机械备件mechanical spare parts·间断储藏discontinued storage。

可靠性术语中英文对照

[绝对可靠]?可靠性维修性标准术语中华人民共和国国家标准GB/T3178-94[可靠性维修性术语]产品<MONK>item修理的产品<MONK>repaireditem不修理的产品<MONK>non-repaireditem服务<MONK>service规定功能<MONK>requiredfunction时刻<MONK>instantoftime时间区间<MONK>timeinterval持续时间<MONK>timeduration累积时间<MONK>accumulatedtime量度<MONK>measure工作<MONK>operation修改(对产品而言)<MONK>modification(ofanitem)效能<MONK>effectiveness固有能力<MONK>capability耐久性<MONK>durability可靠性<MONK>reliability维修性<MONK>maintainability维修保障性<MONK>maintenancesupportperformance可用性<MONK>availability可信性<MONK>dependability失效<MONK>failure致命失效<MONK>criticalfailure非致命失效<MONK>non-criticalfailure误用失效<MONK>misusefailure误操作失效<MONK>mishandlingfailure弱质失效<MONK>weaknessfailure设计失效<MONK>designfailure制造失效<MONK>manufacturefailure老化失效;耗损失效<MONK>ageingfailure;wear-outfailure突然失效<MONK>suddenfailure渐变失效;漂移失效<MONK>gradualfailure;driftfailure灾变失效<MONK>catalepticfailure关联失效<MONK>relevantfailure非关联失效<MONK>non-relevantfailure独立失效<MONK>primaryfailure从属失效<MONK>secondaryfailure失效原因<MONK>failurecause失效机理<MONK>failuremechanism系统性失效;重复性失效<MONK>systematicfailure;reproduciblefailure;repeatfailure 完全失效<MONK>completefailure退化失效<MONK>degradationfailure部分失效<MONK>partialfailure故障<MONK>fault致命故障<MONK>criticalfault非致命故障<MONK>non-criticalfault重要故障<MONK>majorfault次要故障<MONK>minorfault误用故障<MONK>misusefault误操作故障<MONK>mishandlingfault弱质故障<MONK>weaknessfault设计故障<MONK>designfault制造故障<MONK>manufacturingfault老化故障;耗损故障<MONK>ageingfault;wear-outfault程序敏感故障<MONK>programme-sensitivefault数据敏感故障<MONK>data-sensitivefault完全故障;功能阻碍故障<MONK>completefault;function-preventingfault部分故障<MONK>partialfault持久故障<MONK>persistentfault间歇故障<MONK>intermittentfault确定性故障<MONK>determinatefault非确定性故障<MONK>indeterminatefault潜在故障<MONK>latentfault系统性故障<MONK>systematicfault故障模式<MONK>faultmode故障产品<MONK>faultyitem差错<MONK>error失误<MONK>mistake工作状态<MONK>operatingstate不工作状态<MONK>non-operatingstate待命状态<MONK>standbystate闲置状态;空闲状态<MONK>idlestate;freestate不能工作状态<MONK>disablestate;outage外因不能工作状态<MONK>externaldisabledstate不可用状态;内因不能工作状态<MONK>downstate;internaldisabledstate可用状态<MONK>uptime忙碌状态<MONK>busystate致命状态<MONK>criticalstate维修<MONK>maintenance维修准则<MONK>maintenancephilosophy维修方针<MONK>maintenancepolicy维修作业线<MONK>maintenanceechelon;lineofmaintenance维修约定级<MONK>indenturelevel(formaintenance)维修等级<MONK>levelofmaintenance预防性维修<MONK>preventivemaintenance修复性维修<MONK>correctivemaintenance受控维修<MONK>controlledmaintenance计划性维修<MONK>scheduledmaintenance非计划性维修<MONK>unscheduledmaintenance现场维修<MONK>on-sitemaintenance;insitsmaintenance;fieldmaintenance 非现场维修<MONK>off-sitemaintenance遥控维修<MONK>remotemaintenance自动维修<MONK>automaticmaintenance逾期维修<MONK>deferredmaintenance基本的维修作业<MONK>elementarymaintenanceactivity维修工作<MONK>maintenanceaction;maintenancetask修理<MONK>repair故障识别<MONK>faultrecognition故障定位<MONK>faultlocalization故障诊断<MONK>faultdiagnosis故障修复<MONK>faultcorrection功能核查<MONK>functioncheck-out恢复<MONK>restoration;recovery监测<MONK>supervision;monitoring维修的实体<MONK>maintenanceentity影响功能的维修<MONK>function-affectingmaintenance妨碍功能的维修<MONK>function-preventingmaintenance减弱功能的维修<MONK>function-degradingmaintenance不影响功能的维修<MONK>function-permittingmaintenance维修时间<MONK>maintenancetime维修人时<MONK>MMH;maintenanceman-hour实际维修时间<MONK>activemaintenancetime预防性维修时间<MONK>preventivemaintenancetime修复性维修时间<MONK>correctivemaintenancetime实际的预防性维修时间<MONK>activepreventivemaintenancetime 实际的修复性维修时间<MONK>activecorrectivemaintenancetime 未检出故障时间<MONK>undetectedfaulttime管理延迟(对于修复性维修)<MONK>administrativedelay后勤延迟<MONK>logisticdelay故障修复时间<MONK>faultcorrectiontime技术延迟<MONK>technicaldelay核查时间<MONK>check-outtime故障诊断时间<MONK>faultdiagnosistime故障定位时间<MONK>faultlocalizationtime修理时间<MONK>repairtime工作时间<MONK>operatingtime不工作时间<MONK>non-operatingtime需求时间<MONK>requiredtime无需求时间<MONK>non-requiredtime待命时间<MONK>standbytime闲置时间<MONK>idletime;freetime不能工作时间<MONK>disabledtime不可用时间<MONK>downtime累积不可用时间<MONK>accumulateddowntime外因不能工作时间<MONK>externaldisabledtime;externallosstime 可用时间<MONK>uptime首次失效前时间<MONK>timetofirstfailure失效前时间<MONK>timetofailure失效间隔时间<MONK>timebetweenfailures失效间工作时间<MONK>operatingtimebetweenfailures恢复前时间<MONK>timetorestoration;timetorecovery使用寿命<MONK>usefullife早期失效期<MONK>earlyfailureperiod恒定失效密度期<MONK>constantfailureintensityperiod恒定失效率期<MONK>constantfailurerateperiod耗损失效期<MONK>wear-outfailureperiod瞬时可用度<MONK>instantaneousavailability瞬时不可用度<MONK>instantaneousunavailability平均可用度<MONK>meanavailability平均不可用度<MONK>meanunavailability渐近可用度<MONK>asymptoticavailability稳态可用度<MONK>steady-stateavailability渐近不可用度<MONK>asymptoticunavailability稳态不可用度<MONK>steady-stateunavailability渐近平均可用度<MONK>asymptoticmeanavailability渐近平均不可用度<MONK>asymptoticmeanunavailability平均可用时间<MONK>meanuptime平均累积不可用时间<MONK>meanaccumulateddowntime可靠度<MONK>reliability瞬时失效率<MONK>instantaneousfailurerate平均失效率<MONK>meanfailurerate瞬时失效密度<MONK>instantaneousfailureintensity平均失效密度<MONK>meanfailureintensity平均首次失效前时间<MONK>MTTFF;meantimetofirstfailure平均失效前时间<MONK>MTTF;meantimetofailure平均失效间隔时间<MONK>MTBF;meantimebetweenfailures平均失效间工作时间<MONK>MOTBF;meanoperatingtimebetweenfailure 失效率加速系数<MONK>failurerateaccelerationfactor失效密度加速系数<MONK>failureintensityaccelerationfactor维修度<MONK>maintainability瞬时修复率<MONK>instantaneousrepairrate平均修复率<MONK>meanrepairrate平均维修人时<MONK>meanmaintenanceman-hour平均不可用时间<MONK>MDT;meandowntime平均修理时间<MONK>MRT;meanrepairtimeP-分位修理时间<MONK>P-fractilerepairtime平均实际修复性维修时间<MONK>meanactivecorrectivemaintenancetime 平均恢复前时间<MONK>MTTR;meantimetorestoration故障识别比<MONK>faultcoverage修复比<MONK>repaircoverage平均管理延迟<MONK>MAD;meanadministrativedelayP-分位管理延迟<MONK>P-fractileadministrativedelay平均后勤延迟<MONK>MLD;meanlogisticdelayP-分位后勤延迟<MONK>P-fractilelogisticdelay验证试验<MONK>compliancetest测定试验<MONK>determinationtest实验室试验<MONK>laboratorytest现场试验<MONK>fieldtest耐久性试验<MONK>endurancetest加速试验<MONK>acceleratedtest步进应力试验<MONK>stepstresstest筛选试验<MONK>screeningtest时间加速系数<MONK>timeaccelerationfactor维修性检验<MONK>maintainabilityverification维修性验证<MONK>maintainabilitydemonstration观测数据<MONK>observeddata试验数据<MONK>testdata现场数据<MONK>fielddata基准数据<MONK>referencedata冗余<MONK>redundancy工作冗余<MONK>activeredundancy备用冗余<MONK>standbyredundancy失效安全<MONK>failsafe故障裕度<MONK>faulttolerance故障掩盖<MONK>faultmasking预计<MONK>prediction可靠性模型<MONK>reliabilitymodel可靠性预计<MONK>reliabilityprediction可靠性分配<MONK>reliabilityallocation;reliabilityapportionment故障模式与影响分析<MONK>FMEA;faultmodesandeffectsanalysis故障模式影响与危害度分析<MONK>FMECA;faultmodes,effectsandcriticalityanalysis 故障树分析<MONK>FTA;faulttreeanalysis应力分析<MONK>stressanalysis可靠性框图<MONK>reliabilityblockdiagram故障树<MONK>faulttree状态转移图<MONK>state-transitiondiagram应力模型<MONK>stressmodel故障分析<MONK>faultanalysis失效分析<MONK>failureanalysis维修性模型<MONK>maintainabilitymodel维修性预计<MONK>maintainabilityprediction维修树<MONK>maintenancetree维修性分配<MONK>maintainabilityallocation;maintainabilityapportionment老练<MONK>burnin可靠性增长<MONK>reliabilitygrowth可靠性改进<MONK>reliabilityimprovement可靠性和维修性管理<MONK>reliabilityandmaintainabilitymanagement可靠性和维修性保证<MONK>reliabilityandmaintainabilityassurance可靠性和维修性控制<MONK>reliabilityandmaintainabilitycontrol可靠性和维修性大纲<MONK>reliabilityandmaintainabilityprogramme可靠性和维修性计划<MONK>reliabilityandmaintainabilityplan可靠性和维修性审计<MONK>reliabilityandmaintainabilityaudit可靠性和维修性监察<MONK>reliabilityandmaintainabilitysurveillance设计评审<MONK>designreview真实的<MONK>true预计的<MONK>predicted外推的<MONK>extrapolated估计的<MONK>estimated固有的<MONK>intrinsic;inherent 使用的<MONK>operational平均的<MONK>meanP-分位<MONK>P-fractile瞬时的<MONK>instantaneous稳态的<MONK>steadystate。

availability

availabilityAvailabilityIntroductionAvailability refers to the extent to which a system, product, or service is accessible and usable by users at a given time. It is an important aspect of any system design as it directly affects user experience and satisfaction. In this document, we will explore the concept of availability, its significance, and various strategies to enhance and ensure availability in different contexts.Importance of AvailabilityAvailability is critical for any system or service as it directly impacts user satisfaction, productivity, and the overall success of the organization. A highly available system ensures that users can access and use the system whenever they need it, without any interruptions or delays. This leads to increased user productivity and a positive user experience.In today's fast-paced digital landscape, users have become more demanding and expect reliable and always accessible systems. Downtime, disruptions, and system failures can have significant consequences for businesses, leading to financial losses, reputational damage, and customer dissatisfaction. Hence, ensuring high availability has become a top priority for organizations.Factors Affecting AvailabilitySeveral factors can affect the availability of a system or service. These factors need to be considered during system design and implementation to ensure high availability. Some of the key factors include:1. Hardware reliability: The reliability of the underlying hardware plays a crucial role in system availability. Hardware components should be chosen carefully, ensuring that they are robust, redundant, and capable of handling potential failures without disrupting the system.2. Software design and architecture: The design and architecture of the software system also significantly impact availability. A well-designed system should have built-in fault tolerance mechanisms, such as redundancy, failover, and loadbalancing, to handle failures gracefully and minimize downtime.3. Network infrastructure: The network infrastructure connecting the system components should be reliable and resilient. Redundancy, backup links, and appropriate network protocols can help ensure uninterrupted connectivity and data transfer.4. Data backups and disaster recovery plans: Regular data backups and well-defined disaster recovery plans are essential to recover from system failures or natural disasters quickly. Data should be backed up in multiple locations, and recovery processes should be tested regularly to ensure their effectiveness.Strategies to Enhance AvailabilityTo enhance the availability of a system or service, organizations can employ various strategies. These strategies focus on minimizing downtime, optimizing system performance, and ensuring rapid recovery from failures. Here are some common strategies:1. Redundancy: The use of redundant components, such as servers, network links, or power supplies, ensures that if one component fails, others can take over seamlessly. Redundancy eliminates single points of failure and improves system reliability and availability.2. Load balancing: Distributing the workload across multiple servers or resources helps prevent overload and ensures that the system remains responsive and available even during peak usage. Load balancing can be achieved through various techniques, such as round-robin, weighted round-robin, or dynamic load balancing.3. Failover and disaster recovery: Implementing failover mechanisms allows for seamless transitions to backup systems or resources if the primary system fails. This ensures minimal downtime and helps maintain system availability. Disaster recovery plans define the steps and procedures for recovering the system after a catastrophic event, such as a natural disaster.4. Monitoring and proactive maintenance: Continuous monitoring of system components, such as servers, storage, and network infrastructure, helps identify and rectify issues before they cause significant disruptions. Proactive maintenance, such as applying patches, updates, and routineinspections, helps prevent potential failures and improves system availability.5. Scalability: Designing systems to be scalable allows for easy expansion and resource allocation based on usage demands. Scalable systems can handle increasing workloads without compromising availability. Techniques like horizontal or vertical scaling can be employed based on specific requirements.ConclusionAvailability is a critical aspect of any system or service, and ensuring high availability is vital for user satisfaction and business success. By considering factors like hardware reliability, software design, and network infrastructure, organizations can design and implement systems that are highly available. Incorporating strategies like redundancy, load balancing, failover, disaster recovery, monitoring, proactive maintenance, and scalability can further enhance availability. By investing in availability, organizations can provide seamless and dependable systems that meet the expectations of their users.。

ITIL 术语对照表

ITIL 术语对照表ITIL术语英汉对照English 中文术语Accounting 会计Activity Based Costing 作业成本法Application Sizing 应用选型Asset Management 资产管理Assets 资产Audit 审计Authorization 授权Availability 可用性Availability Management 可用性管理Budgeting 预算Business Capacity Management 业务能力管理Business Impact Analysis 业务影响分析Business Process 业务流程Call 呼叫Capacity Database, CDB 能力数据库，CDBCapacity Management 能力管理Capacity Planning 能力规划Category 类别CCTA Risk Analysis and Management Method, CRAMM CCTA风险分析和管理方法,CRAMMCentral Service Desk 集中式服务台Change 变更Change Advisory Board, CAB 变更顾问委员会，CABChange Management 变更管理Charging 收费CI Level 配置项级别Classification 区分Component Failure Impact Analysis, CFIA 组件故障影响分析,CFIA Confidentiality 机密性Configuration Baseline 配置基线Configuration Item, CI 配置项,CIConfiguration Management 配置管理Configuration Management Database, CMDB 配置管理数据库，CMDB Cost Plus 成本加成Customer 客户Definitive Hardware Store, DHS 备件库,DHSDefinitive Software Library, DSL 最终软件库,DSLDemand Management 需求管理Deming Circle 戴明环Disaster 灾难Downtime 宕机时间Elapsed time 耗时Emergency Fix/Release 紧急修复/发布Error Control 错误控制Escalation 升级Evaluation 评估Expert Service Desk 专家级服务台Fault, Failure 故障Fault Tree Analysis, FTA 故障树分析,FTAFinancial Management for IT Services IT服务财务管理First Line Support 一线支持Forward Schedule of Changes, FSC 变更进度计划表,FSC Full Release 完整发布Functional Escalation 职能升级Going Rate 现行费率Gradual Recovery, Cold Stand-By 逐步恢复，冷备Hierarchical Escalation 层次升级Identification of CI 配置项(CI)识别Immediate Recovery, Hot Stand-By 快速恢复，热备Impact 影响Incident 突发事件Incident Management 突发事件管理Integrity 完整性Intermediate Recovery 中速恢复Service Interruption 服务中断IT Infrastructure IT基础设施/IT基础架构IT Service IT服务IT Service Continuity Management IT服务连续性管理IT Service Management IT服务管理Known Error 已知错误Local (distributed) Service Desk 本地(分布式)服务台Maintainability 可维护性Management 管理Market Price 市场价格Mean Time Between Failures, MTBF 平均无故障时间，MTBF Mean Time To Repair, MTTR 平均修复时间，MTTR Modeling 建模Monitoring 监控Notional Charging 名义收费Operational Process 操作流程Operational Level Agreement, OLA 操作级别协议,OLA Package Release 组包发布Performance Management 绩效管理，性能管理Post Implementation Review, PIR 实施后评估,PIR Priority 优先级Proactive Problem Management 主动问题管理Problem 问题Problem Control 问题控制Problem Management 问题管理Procedure 步骤/过程Process 流程Process Manager 流程经理Quality Assurance 质量保证Quality Control 质量控制Reciprocal Arrangement 互惠协议Recovery 恢复Release Management 发布管理Release Policy 发布策略Release Unit 发布单元Reliability 可靠性Request for Change, RFC 变更请求，RFC Resilience 柔性Resource Capacity Management 资源能力管理Restoration of Service 服务恢复Review 评估Risk Assessment 风险评估Rollout 上线Second Line Support 二线支持Security 安全Security Awareness 安全意识Security Incidents 安全事件Security Level 安全级别Security Management 安全管理Service Capacity Management 服务能力管理Service Catalogue 服务目录Service Desk 服务台Service Improvement Plan Program, SIP 服务改进计划,SIP 服务改进计划，是作为一个项目来实施的，它明确了与改进IT服务有关的活动、实施步骤以及里程碑式的标志内容Service Level 服务级别Service Level Agreement, SLA 服务级别协议，SLAService Level Management 服务级别管理Service Level Requirements 服务级别需求, 服务级别需求，是有关客户业务需求的详细的定义，它通常作为设计服务和制定服务级别协议的一个蓝本Service Request 服务请求Service Window 服务时段Serviceability 可服务性Skilled Service Desk 高技能服务台Release 发布Status 状态System Outage Analysis, SOA 系统故障分析，SOAThird Line Support 三线支持Threat 威胁Tuning 调整Underpinning Contract 支持合同Unskilled Service Desk 低技能服务台Urgency 紧急度Urgent Change 紧急变更Verification 核实/验证Virtual Service Desk 虚拟服务台Vulnerability 脆弱性Workaround 变通方案附录 IV IT 服务管理术语表(英汉对照)10英文术语中文术语Absorbed Overhead 已分摊间接费用 Absorption costing 吸收成本法Action lists 行动列表Alert 告警Alert phase 告警阶段Allocated cost 可直接分配成本 Application 应用，应用系统Application Service Provider 应用服务提供商 Application Sizing 应用选型Apportioned cost 待分摊间接成本 Asset 资产Asynchronous/synchronous 异步/同步 Audit 审计Audit for Compliance 符合性审计 Automatic Call Distribution 自动呼叫转发Availability 可用性Availablity Management 可用性管理 Back-out Plan 回撤计划Balanced Scorecard 平衡记分卡Baseline 基线Baseline Security 安全基线Baselining 基准制定BS7799 英国标准协会开发的信息安全管理标准 Budgeting 预算Build 构建Business Capacity Management 业务能力管理 Business function 业务职能Business process 业务流程Business recovery objective 业务恢复目标 Business recovery plan framework 业务恢复计划框架 Business recovery plans 业务恢复计划 Business recovery team 业务恢复小组 Business units 业务单元Call Center 呼叫中心Capacity Maturith Model 能力成熟度模型 Capacity Management 能力管理Capacity Management Database 能力管理数据库Capital costs 资本成本Capital investment appraisal 资本投资评估 Capitalization 资本化Categorization 归类Category 类别，分类Change 变更Change Advisory Board 变更顾问委员会(CAB) Change authority 变更审批小组Change control 变更控制Change document 变更文档Change history 变更轨迹Change log 变更日志Change management 变更管理Change record 变更记录Charging 收费CI Type 配置项类型Classification 分类Closure 终止Cold stand-by 冷支持Command, control and communications命令、控制和沟通Compliance 符合性Computer-Aided systems Engineering计算机辅助系统工程(CASE)Configuration baseline 配置基线Configuration control 配置控制Configuration documentation 配置文档 Configuration identification 配置识别Configuration item(CI) 配置项(CI) Configuration Management 配置管理Configuration Management tool 配置管理工具 Configuration Management Database(CMDB)配置管理数据库(CMDB)Configuration Management plan 配置管理计划 Configuration structure 配置结构Contingency Planning 应急计划Cost 成本Cost effectiveness 成本效益Cost management 成本管理Cost unit 成本单元Costing 成本核算Countermeasure 防范措施Crisis management 危机管理Customer 客户Customer Relationship Management客户关系管理(CRM)Data transfer time 数据传输时间Definitive Hardware Store 最终硬件库(DHS) Definitive Software Library 最终软件库(DSL) Delta Release Delta发布，增量发布Dependency 依赖性Depreciation 折旧Differential charging 差别定价Direct cost 直接成本Disaster recovery planning 灾难恢复计划 Discounted cash flow 贴现现金流量(DCF) Discounting 折扣Disk cache controller 磁盘高速缓存控制器 Downtime 停机时间Duplex (full and half) 双工(全双工或半双工) Echoing 响应Elements of cost 成本要素End-user 最终用户Environment 环境Expert User 专家用户 External Target 外部目标 Financial year 财政年度 First time fix rate 首次修复率 Forward Schedule of Changes 变更进度计划表Full cost 全部成本Full Release 全发布 Gateway 网关Gradual Recovery 逐步恢复 Hard charging 实收费用 Hard fault 硬故障Help Desk 帮助台Host 主机Hot stand-by 热支持 ICT 信息和通讯技术 Identification 标识Immediate Recovery 紧急恢复 Impact 影响度Impact analysis 影响分析 Impact code 影响代码Impact scenario 影响说明Incident 事故Incident Control 事故控制Indirect cost 间接成本Informed Customer 效益保证人Interface 接口，界面Intermediate Recovery 中期恢复Internal target 内部目标Invocation (of business recoveryplans)(业务恢复计划)启动Invocation (of stand-by arrangements)(支持方案)启动Invocation and recovery phase 启动和恢复阶段 IT Accounting IT 核算IT Infrastructure IT 基础架构，IT 基础设施 IT Infrastructure Library (ITIL) 信息技术基础架构库 IT service IT 服务IT Service Continuity Management IT 服务持续性管理 IT service provider IT 服务提供商(方) Key Performance Indicator 关键绩效指标Known Error 知名错误Latency 延迟Life-cycle 生命周期Logical I/O 逻辑输入/输出Marginal Cost 边际成本Maturity level/Milestone 成熟度/里程碑 Metric 指标Operational Costs 运作成本Operational Level Agreement (OLA) 运作级别协议(OLA)Opportunity cost (or true cost) 机会成本(或真实成本)Outsourcing 外包Overheads 间接费用Ownership 所有权Page fault 页面中断Paging 页面调度Pain Factor 痛苦指数Percentage utilization 利用率Performance 品质，绩效，性能 Phantom line error 虚假线路错误Physical I/O 物理输入/输出Prime cost 主要成本PRINCE2 英国商务部开发的一种项目管理方法Priority 优先级Problem 问题Problem Management 问题管理 Procedure 程序Process 流程Process Control 流程控制Program 方案Queuing time 排队时间RAID 冗余阵列磁盘机Reference data 参考数据 Release 发布Remote fixes 远程修复Request for change (RFC) 变更请求(RFC)Resolution 决议Resource cost 资源成本Resource profile 资源配置 Resources 资源配置Return to normal phase 恢复正常阶段 Risk 风险Risk Analysis 风险分析Risk Management 风险管理 Risk reduction 风险降低措施Role 角色Security Management 安全管理 Security Manager 安全经理 Security Officer 安全官Seek time 寻道时间Segregation of duties 职责划分 Self-insurance 自我保险Services 服务Service achievement 服务成果 Service Catalogue 服务目录 Service Delivery 服务提供 Service Desk 服务台Service Level 服务级别Service Level Agreement(SLA) 服务级别协议Service Level Management(SLM) 服务级别管理Service Management 服务管理 Service Provider 服务提供商(方) Service quality plan 服务质量计划 Service Request 服务请求Services 服务Service Support 服务支持Severity Code 程度代码Simulation Modeling 仿真建模 Soft fault 软故障Software Configuration Item(SCI) 软件配置项Software Environment 软件环境 Software Library 软件库Software Work Unit 软件工作单元 Standard Cost 标准成本Standard Costing 标准成本法 Stand-by arrangements 备用方案 Storage occupancy 存储占用率 Super user 超级用户Surcharging 附加费Swapping 交换System 系统Terminal emulation 终端仿真软件 Terminal I/O 终端输入/输出 Third-party supplier 第三方供应商 Threat 威胁Total Cost Of Ownership (TCO) 总体拥有成本Tree structures 树形结构Unabsorbed overhead 未分摊间接费用 Underpinning contract 支持合同Unit costs 单位成本 Urgency 紧急度User 用户Utility cost centre (UCC) 效用成本中心(UCC)Variance analysis 差异分析 Version 版本Version Identifier 版本标识符 Virtual memory system 虚拟内存系统Vulnerability 弱点Warm stand-by 暖支持 Waterline 底线Work-around 应急措施 Workloads 工作量service outages 服务中断Release and Deployment发布与部署 risk profile 风险预测Stakeholder 项目干系人。

maintenance翻译

maintenance翻译MaintenanceMaintenance can be defined as the process of ensuring that assets, equipment, buildings or any other property is kept in good condition, is operational and is able to function as it was designed to, for the benefit of users and/or owners. It plays an important role in ensuring that life spans of assets are extended, safety hazards are eliminated or reduced, and productivity is enhanced.Types of MaintenanceThere are different types of maintenance that can be carried out, based on different factors such as the asset or equipment, frequency of use, criticality of the asset, and availability of resources, among others. Some of the commonly used types of maintenance include:1. Preventive MaintenancePreventive maintenance is a proactive approach that involves performing regular and routine checks, servicing and repair on equipment or property, with the aim of preventing potential defects or breakdowns. It involves taking predetermined actions, such as setting up schedules, conducting inspections or replacing parts based on predetermined criteria.2. Corrective MaintenanceCorrective maintenance involves fixing a defect, malfunction or failure after it has occurred. This type of maintenance is reactive and is usually carried out to restore the equipment or asset to its original performance levels, after a breakdown or failure.3. Predictive MaintenancePredictive maintenance involves using advanced technology and data analytics to identify, predict and prevent potential failures or defects. This type of maintenance involves monitoring and analysing data from equipment or assets, to detect anomalies or patterns that may indicate potential breakdown, before it occurs.4. Condition-Based MaintenanceCondition-based maintenance involves carrying out maintenance activities based on the current condition or status of the equipment or asset. This type of maintenance is dependent on the use of sensors or other monitoring tools to measure the current condition of the equipment or asset, and trigger maintenance actions based on predefined criteria.Benefits of Maintenance1. Maximises asset life spanBy carrying out regular maintenance activities, assets and equipment are kept in good condition, which can extend their lifespan and reduce the need for costly replacements.2. Reduces downtimeRegular maintenance activities reduce the likelihood of equipment failures or breakdowns, which can lead to unplanned downtime and productivity losses.3. Improves safetyMaintenance activities can help identify potential safety hazards and proactively address them, reducing the likelihood of accidents and improving overall safety.4. Increases efficiency and productivityWell-maintained equipment and assets perform better, with reduced downtime and improved efficiency, leading to increased productivity and profitability.5. Reduces costsPreventive and predictive maintenance can reduce the need for costly equipment repairs or replacements, leading to significant cost savings in the long run.Maintenance ManagementMaintenance management involves the planning, scheduling, implementation and monitoring of different maintenance activities, to ensurethat assets are kept in good condition and operating as required. It involves various functions, such as:1. Planning and SchedulingThis function involves developing maintenance plans and schedules based on different factors such as equipment data, usage history, manufacturer recommendations, and criticality of the asset. Maintenance plans and schedules must be regularly reviewed and updated to ensure that they remain relevant and effective.2. Maintenance ExecutionMaintenance execution involves carrying out maintenance activities according to the plans and schedules developed. This includes assigning personnel, providing them with appropriate tools and resources, tracking progress, and ensuring that activities are completed safely and efficiently.3. Performance MonitoringPerformance monitoring involves tracking and analysing key maintenance metrics such as asset availability, reliability, uptime and the cost of maintenance. This function helps identify areas for improvement and provides insights for future maintenance planning and decision-making.4. Continuous ImprovementContinuous improvement involves regularly identifying and improving maintenance processes and practices, to optimise overall maintenance operations and increase efficiency.ConclusionMaintenance is an essential part of keeping assets, equipment and other property in good condition and performing as intended. By selecting the right type of maintenance for the asset, and implementing an effective maintenance management system, organisations can achieve significant benefits such as increased equipment uptime, productivity and profitability while minimising downtime and maintenance costs.。

[方案]英文缩写中英文对照表

缩写说明Metrics:HR Dept.:L.W.D.C: Lost Work Day Case RateQuality Dept.:COQ: Cost of Quality （质量成本）WIR: Wiring Incident Report （配线报告）FTQ: First Time Quality （WFCC: Worldwide Formal Customer Complaint （所有客户正式的反馈）PPM：Pieces per Million （一百万产品）RRPPM: Return & Reject Piece Per Million （不合格部品多少钱）IPTV: Incident Per Thousand Vehicles （运输中发生的事故部品）Engineering Dept.:C/O: Changeover time （对策转变时间）C/T: Cycle Time （周期时间）PDT: Planned Downtime （计划停产期）LT: Lost Time （损失时间）DT: Downtime （停产期）OA: Operational Availability （操作可行性）OE: Operational Effectiveness（效力的可行性）PC&L Dept.:OEM： On time Shipments （及时出货）IPM: Incident Per Million （事故损失的钱数）E&O: Excess & Obsolete （超额完成＆荒废的）PRR: Problem Resolving Request （问题分析请求）MU: Material Utilization （材料的利用）Others:Tpct: Total Production Cycle Time （整体生产周期）MCR: Material Cost Reduction （材料成本的精简）6SIGMADMAIC: Define, Measure, Analysis, Improve, ControlVOC: Voice of CustomerCTQ: Critical to QualitySIPOC: Supplier, Input, Process, Output, CustomerI&CIM: Innovation, & Continuos ImprovementTMAP: Though MapPMAP: Process MapMSE: Measure System EvaluationFMEA: Failure Modes and Effects AnalysisNEM: Numerical Evaluation of MetricsANOVA: Analysis of VarianceDOE : Design of ExperimentsLEAN1．DMS -- Delphi Manufacturing system⏹EEI : Employee Environment & Involvement⏹WPO: Workplace Organization⏹QS: Quality System⏹OA: Operational Availability⏹MM: material movement⏹MSD: Manufacturing System Design2．KMS -- Kaizen Manufacturing system3．OSKKK -- Observation, Standardization, Kaizen, Kaizen, Kaizen ……4．PFP -- People Focus practice5．VSM—Value Stream Mapping6．TPM: Total Production Maintenance7．PMP: Production Maintenance Partnership8．PM: Planned Maintenance9．TPS: Toyota Production System10. SMED: Single Minutes of Exchange Die12. FIFO: First In First Out13. 5S: Clear (Sort), Organize ( Straighten), Clean(Sweep), Maintain (Standardize),Continuous Improvement ( Sustain)14. NWG: Natural Work Group15. WIP: Work In Process16. PFEP: Plant For Every Part17. JIT: Just in Time18. PDCA: Plan – Do – Check – Action19. SQIP: Supplier Quality Improvement Process20. VOC: Voice of Customer21. MSDS: Material Safety Date Sheets22. PDP: Product Development Process23. PTC: Protect The Customer24. APQP: Advanced Product Quality Planning25. SPDP: Supplier Performance Development Process26. QSA: Quality System Assessment27. SPC: Statistic Process Control28. PDAP: Production Part Approval29. DBS: Delphi Business System30. MSA: Measurement System Analysis31. FMEA: Failure Mode and Effects Analysis32. TLCC: Total Life Cycle CostEach FunctionHR Dept:HR: Human ResourcePBP: People Business PlanNWG: Natural Work GroupPPI: People Performance IndexMSDS: Material Safety Data SheetsOSHA : Occupational Safety and Health AdministrationIS&S Dept.IS&S: Information System and ServiceIT: Information TechnologyFS: Fourth ShiftMRP: Material Requirement PlanERP: Enterprise Resource PlanSAP: System, Application & ProductsJIT: Just – In – TimeSILS: Supply in Line SequenceOA: Office AutomationISP: Information Security PolicyFIS: An information System Supporting Audi A4 Production in FAW-VWBF: Back FlushOS: Operation SystemIP: Internet ProtocolPC& L:PC& L: Production Control & LogisticE & O: Excess and ObsoletePFEP: Plan For Every PartsTOR: Turn Over RateIPM: Incident Per MillionMPS: Master Production SchedulePO: Purchasing OrderMOQ: Minim Order QualityPPQ: Part Packing QualityL/T: Lead-TimeBOM: Bill of MaterialsWIP: Work In ProcessFIFO: First In First OutDOH: Day On HandPR/R: Problem Resolution and ReportingI/E DeptI/E: Import & ExportLMC: Logistic Management CompanyP/A: Public AffairsRDC: Regional Distribution CenterC.C : Consolidation CenterCCIB: China Commodity Inspection BranchCD: Customs DutyVAT: Value Added TaxPR/R: Problem Resolution and ReportingQuality Dept.QC: Quality ControlQSA: Quality System AssessmentDBS: Delphi Business SystemPDP: Product Development ProcessAPQP: Advanced Product Quality P lanning and Control PlanPPAP: Production Part ApprovalSPDP: Supplier Performance Development ProcessMSA: Measurement System AnalysisSPC: Statistic Process ControlFMEA: Failure Mode And Effects AnalysisCSE: Customer Support EngineerIP: Improvement PlanDOE : Design of ExperimentsGage R&R : Gage Repeatability and Reproducibility SQIP: Supplier Quality Improvement Process GD&T : Geometric Dimensioning and T olerancing PR/R : Problem Resolution and ReportingAE Dept.PDP: Product Development Process--PI: Product Initiation--CD: Concept Direction--CA: Concept Approval--PA: Product ApprovalAE: Application EngineeringOTS: Off- Tool- SamplesSOP: Start of ProductionOS: Start null seriesCKD: Comletely Knocked DownMPI: Muli Point InjectionPDM: Product Description ManualABS: Anti-Blacker- SystemEOP: End of ProductionCES: CATIA Electric SystemGPS: Global Positioning SystemAT: Automatic TransmissionAC: Air ConditionTDI: Turbo direction injectionSDI: Suck Diesel InjectionCAN: Controller Area NetworkSKD: Semi Knocked DownCVT: Continuously Variable TransmissionDUM: Digital Mock UpADP: Delphi Advanced Development ProcessEngineering Dept.M & TD: Machine & T ool DesignPCT: Planned Cycle TimeSWIP: Standard Work In ProcessCAD: Computer Aided DesignCAE: Computer Aided EngineeringCAM: Computer Aided ManufacturingCIP: Continuous Improvement ProcessDFA: Design for AssemblyDFE: Design for EnvironmentDFM: Define for ManufacturabilityDFMEA: Design Failure Mode and Effects AnalysisEBOM: Engineering Bill of MaterialEWO: Engineering Work OrderFM : Flow ManufacturingM-BOM: Manufacturing Bill of MaterialFinance Dept.ICRQ: Internal Control Review QuestionnairesTTM: T otal travel managementABC: Analysis based on costFARS: Financial Accounting and Reporting StaffCFPR: Corporate Financial Policy & ReportingD-CAP: Delphi Corporate Accounting PoliciesOthersE/EDS: Electric/Electronic Distribution SystemDCS: Delphi Connection SystemDMS: Delphi Mechtronic SystemOCM: Organizational change ManagementAIAG: Automotive Industries Action GroupAPP: Advance Purchasing ProcessAR: Appropriation RequestASQC: American Society for Quality ControlCAMIP: Continuous Automotive Marketing Information Program CAPPLAN : Capacity Planning SystemCMVSS : Canadian Motor Vehicle Safety StandardsCP: Critical PathCPM : Critical Path MethodDD: Design and DevelopmentDV: Design ValidationFEA: Finite Element AnalysisIDR: Interim Design ReviewKCC: Key Control CharacteristicKCDS: Key Characteristic Designation System KPC: Key Product CharacteristicMRD: Material Required DateMVSS: Motor Vehicle Safety StandardsP-BOM: Product Bill of MaterialPC: Problem CommunicationPDR: Preliminary Design ReviewPL: Project LaunchPM: Project ManagementPR: Performance ReviewPRR: Production Readiness ReviewPV: Product ValidationPVR: Process Validation ReviewQFD: Quality Function DeploymentQRDP: quality, reliability, durability, and performance RASI: responsibility matrixRC: Requirements and ConceptsRR: Requirements ReviewSORP: Start of Regular ProductionSOW: Statement of WorkTALC: Trim-Appearance-Lighting-ColorTDP: Delphi T echnology Development Process TIR: T est Incident ReportTSM: Trade Study MethodologyVSM: Variation Simulation ModelingWBS: Work Breakdown Structure。

MTBF严重不靠谱？正确理解“可靠性”与“可用性”

MTBF严重不靠谱？正确理解“可靠性”与“可⽤性”声明：本⽂来⾃克终，CSDN博客，部分删减，仅供学习交流，侵删。

前⾔相信点开这篇⽂章的读者，⼀定或多或少接触过“⾼可靠”“⾼可⽤”这些字眼，但是往往或语焉不详，或罗列术语（MTBF、MTTR ...），那么我们到底应该如何定量描述系统的可靠性和可⽤性指标呢，这些看着很上流的术语到底意味着什么呢？也许，看完这篇⽂章，您从此也可以和⼩伙伴们愉快地拽术语了！故障定义硬件故障（Hardware failure）⼯业界通常使⽤“浴盆曲线”来描述硬件故障，具体如下图所⽰。

具体来说，硬件的⽣命周期⼀般被划分为三个时期：1) Thefirst part is a decreasing failure rate, known as early failures2) Thesecond part is a constant failure rate, known as random failures3) Thethird part is an increasing failure rate, known as wear-out failures图1 浴盆曲线（Bathtubcurve）软件故障（Software failure）软件故障可以通过每千⾏代码的缺陷数(Defects/KLOC)进⾏测量，称为缺陷密度(Defect Density)：DefectDensity= Number of Defects / KLOC影响缺陷密度的因素主要有如下⼏点：1) 软件过程（代码评审、单元测试等）2) 软件复杂度3) 软件规模4) 开发团队经验5) 可复⽤代码⽐例（久经考验的代码）6) 产品交付前的测试衡量指标平均故障间隔时间（MTBF）英⽂全称：Mean Time Between Failure，顾名思义，是指相邻两次故障之间的平均⼯作时间，是衡量⼀个产品的可靠性指标。

可靠性专业术语集

效能effectiveness系统效能system effectiveness 费用效能cost effectiveness 作战效能operational effectiveness 作战适用性operational suitability持续作战能力sustainability战备完好性operational readiness系统战备完好性system operational readiness 系统战备完好性目标system readiness objective 装备完好率materiel readiness可用性availability固有可用度inherent availability (Ai)可达可用度achieved availability (Aa)使用可用度operational availability (Ao) 能执行任务率mission capable rate (MCR) 出动架次率sortie generation rate (SGR) 在轨可用度orbital availability可信性dependability保障性supportability可靠性reliability耐久性durability维修性maintainability测试性testability安全性safety完整性integrity生存性survivability生产性producibility互用性interoperability兼容性compatibility经济承受性affordability能力capability固有能力capability作战能力operational capability初始作战能力initial operational capability (IOC) 全面作战能力full operational capability (FOC)寿命周期费用life cycle cost (LCC)项目采办费用program acquisition cost拥有费用ownership cost费用作为独立变量cost as an independent variable (CAIV) 系统可靠性和维修性参数system R&M parameter固有可靠性和维修性值inherent R&M value使用可靠性和维修性值operational R&M value目标值objective/goal门限值thresholds规定值specified value最低可接受值minimum acceptable value分配值allocated value预计值predicted value观测值和验证值observed value & demonstrated value 时间time在编时间active time不在编时间inactive time能工作时间up time不能工作时间down time不工作时间not operating time待命时间alert time反应时间reaction time任务时间mission time维修时间maintenance time预防性维修时间preventive maintenance time修复性维修时间corrective maintenance time改进时间modification time延误时间delay time保障资源延误时间logistic delay time补给延误时间supply delay time管理延误时间administrative delay time故障排除时间fault correction time重构时间reconfiguration time全面质量管理total quality management保证(担保)warranty/guarantee产品保证product assurance质量保证体系(质量体系)quality assurance system(quality system)质量管理quality management质量控制quality control质量保证quality assurance人的因素human factors人机综合human systems integration人-机接口Man-Machine Interface系统工程system engineering并行工程concurrent engineering产品和过程的综合研制integrated product and process development(IPPD) 综合产品研制integrated product development(IPD)综合产品组integrated product team(IPT)寿命周期费用分析life cycle cost analysis备选方案分析analysis of alternatives(AoA)任务剖面mission profile环境剖面environment profile试验剖面test profile剪裁tailoring技术状态/配置configuration技术状态/配置管理configuration management(CM)工作分解结构work breakdown structure(WBS)工作说明statement of work(SOW)目标说明statement of objectives(SOO)改型retrofit/retroactive fit改进modification改装backfitting失效failure系统性失效systematic failure软件失效software failure单点失效single point failure灾难性失效catastrophic failure致命性失效critical failure偶然失效random failure瞬时失效transient failure渐变失效gradual failure间歇失效intermittent failure软失效soft failure共因失效common cause failure共模失效common mode failure潜在失效potential failure o隐蔽功能失效hidden function failure重复失效pattern failure多重失效multiple failure独立失效independent failure/primary failure从属失效/诱发失效dependent failure/secondary failure 非关联失效non-relevant failure 关联失效relevant failure非责任失效non-chargeable failure原发故障primary fault从属故障/诱发故障dependent fault可检测的故障detectable fault不可检测的故障undetectable fault/impossible detects 瞬态故障instantaneous fault软故障soft fault延迟故障delay fault潜伏故障latent fault参数故障parametric fault共因故障common cause fault拓扑独立故障topologically independent fault等效故障equivalent fault设计故障design fault制造故障manufacturing fault耗损故障/老化故障wear out fault/aging fault缺陷defect差错/差错error失误mistake可靠性reliability基本可靠性basic reliability后勤可靠性logistics reliability任务可靠性mission reliability任务成功概率mission completion probability软件可靠性software reliability发射可靠度launching reliability飞行可靠度flying reliability运载可靠度carrying reliability待命可靠度alert reliability贮存可靠度storage reliability失效率(八)failure rate元器件基本失效率(入b) electronic component base failure rate元器件非工作基本失效率(入nb) electronic component nonoperating base failure rate 元器件工作失效率(入p) electronic component operating failure rate元器件非工作失效率(入np) electronic component nonoperating failure rate通用失效率(入G) generic failure rate使用寿命/使用期限service life有用寿命useful life储存寿命storage life贮存期storage period规定贮存期assigned storage time总寿命total life经济寿命economic life可靠寿命reliability lifeY 百分比寿命Gamma-percentile life安全寿命safe life疲劳寿命fatigue life首次翻修期限(简称首翻期)、第一次大修期time to first overhaul(TTFO)翻修间隔时间time between overhauls(TBO)平均不能工作事件间隔时间mean-time-between-downing-event(MTBDE)致命性失效间的任务时间mission-time-between-critical-failures(MTBCF)平均任务持续时间mean mission duration平均失效前时间mean-time-to-failure (MTTF)平均失效间隔时间mean-time-between-failures (MTBF)平均维修间隔时间mean-time-between-maintenance (MTBM)平均维修活动间隔时间mean-time-between-maintenance-actions (MTBMA)平均需求间隔时间mean-time-between-demands (MTBD)平均拆卸间隔时间mean-time-between-removals(MTBR)损伤容限damage tolerance可靠性管理reliability management可靠性保证reliability assurance可靠性保证大纲reliability assurance program可靠性大纲reliability program可靠性工作计划reliability program plan可靠性计划reliability plan可靠性试验大纲reliability test program可靠性增长reliability growth可靠性增长管理reliability growth management纠正措施corrective action质量与可靠性信息系统quality and reliability data system装备质量与可靠性信息quality and reliability data for materiel正常质量与可靠性信息normal quality and reliability data一般异常质量与可靠性信息general abnormal quality and reliability data 严重异常质量与可靠性信息severe abnormal quality and reliability data 可靠性工程reliability engineering可靠性计算reliability accounting可靠性模型reliability model可靠性框图reliability block diagram可靠性分配reliability allocation(apportionment)可靠性预计reliability prediction降额derating容错fault tolerance冗余redundancy工作冗余/热储备active redundancy备用冗余/冷储备standby redundancy关键项目critical item耐久性关键件durability critical parts非耐久性关键件durability non-critical component损伤容限关键件damage tolerance critical parts失效模式failure mode故障模式fault mode失效机理failure mechanism失效原因failure cause失效影响failure effect失效判据failure criterion严酷度severity危害度criticality失效分析failure analysis失效模式与影响分析(FMEA) failure mode and effect analysis故障模式与影响分析(FMEA) fault modes and effects analysis失效模式、影响与危害性分析(FMECA) failure modes, effects and criticality analysis故障模式、影响与危害度分析fault modes, effects and criticality analysis热分析thermal analysis故障树fault tree故障树分析(FTA) fault tree analysis电路容差分析circuit tolerance analysis电路和元件应力分析circuit and item stress analysis潜在通路分析sneak circuit analysis潜在状态sneak condition耐久性分析durability analysis筛选screening环境应力筛选environmental stress screening (ESS)老练burn in可靠性增长试验reliability growth test可靠性研制与增长试验reliability development and growth test 可靠性鉴定试验reliability qualification test可靠性验收试验reliability acceptance test耐久性试验endurance test /durability test寿命试验life test实验室试验laboratory test现场试验field test加速试验accelerated test维修性、可维护性maintainability软件可维护性software maintainability易维护性serviceability易修性serviceability可修复性repairability任务维修性mission maintainability可达性accessibility可接近性accessibility模块化modularization互换性interchangeability抢修性combat resilience维修性工程maintainability engineering维修性计算maintainability accounting修复率卬)repair rate瞬时修复率R (t) instantaneous repair rate平均修复率mean repair rate平均系统修复时间mean-time-to-restore-system (MTTRS)恢复功能的任务时间mission-time-to-restore-function(MTTRF) 平均维修时间mean-maintenance-time平均修理时间mean repair time (MRT)平均修复时间mean-time-to-repair(MTTR)平均恢复前时间mean time to restoration (MTTR)最大修复时间maximum time to repair平均维护时间mean-time-to-service(MTTS)单位工作时间所需平均修复时间mean CM time required to support a unit hour of operating time(MTUT)维修停机时间率mean downtime ratio(MDT)维修事件的平均直接维修工时direct maintenance man hours per maintenance event(DMMH/ME) 维修活动的平均直接维修工时direct maintenance man hours per maintenance action(DMMH/MA) 维修工时率maintenance ratio维修性管理maintainability management维修性控制maintainability control维修性保证maintainability assurance维修性保证大纲maintainability assurance program维修性大纲maintainability program维修性工作计戈U maintainability program plan维修性计划maintainability plan维修性要求maintainability requirement维修性分析maintainability analysis维修性模型maintainability model维修性分配maintainability allocation/maintainability apportionment维修性预计maintainability predication维修树maintenance tree模块强度/内聚度module strength/cohesion动态重组dynamic restructuring维修性核查maintainability verification维修性检验maintainability verification维修性验证maintainability demonstration维修性评价maintainability evaluation测试性testability固有测试性inherent testability测试testing/test检查checkout监测monitoring检测detection被测单元unit under test(UUT)测试点test point故障隔离的可更换单元fault isolated replaceable unit故障检测fault detection (FD)故障识别fault recognition故障定位fault localization故障隔离fault isolation(FI)诊断diagnosis诊断能力diagnostic capability诊断要素diagnostic element诊断方案diagnostic concept综合诊断integrated diagnostics (ID)综合测试性comprehensive testability可控性controllability可观测性observability虚警false alarm重测合格retest okay (RTOK)不能复现cannot duplicate (CND)纵向测试兼容性vertical test compatibility容差锥/容差倒金字塔/容差倒锥体/误差锥cone of tolerance 预测prognostics演练exercise错开输入input skew调整adjustment调准alignment故障检测率fault detection rate(FDR)故障隔离率fault isolation rate(FIR)虚警率false alarm rate(FAR)不能复现率cannot duplicate rate重测合格率retest okay rate测试有效性test effectiveness诊断有效性diagnostic effectiveness诊断效率diagnostic efficiency诊断准确度diagnostic accuracy模糊组ambiguity group模糊度ambiguity group size故障检测时间fault detection time故障隔离时间fault isolation time故障定位时间fault localization time故障诊断时间fault diagnosis time检查时间checkout time采集时间acquisition time鉴定时间certification time端到端运行时间/端间运行时间end-to-end run time故障潜伏时间fault latency time自检测试/自检self-test主动测试active testing自动测试automatic test被动测试/冷测试passive testing脱机测试/离线测试off-line testing联机测试/在线测试on-line testing实时测试real time testing比较测试comparative test置信测试confidence test10 一致性测试conformance tests诊断测试diagnostic test 定量测试quantitative test 参数测试parametric test 功能测试functional test 动态测试dynamic test 静态测试static test性能测试performance test外部测试external test通过、不通过测试go/no-go test线路内测试in-circuit test 边缘测试marginal testing 闭环测试closed loop testing 环绕测试wrap-around test 有、无信号测试presence test 无损测试nondestructive test 准备状态测试readiness test 基于知识的测试knowledge based test 随机测试learn mode test负测试negative test无干扰测试noninterference test 通断测试on-off test特征诊断signature diagnosis性能检测performance monitoring 潜在故障检测potential fault detection 周期性检查periodic check 边缘检查marginal checking弓I导探针技术guided probe technique 引导探针系统guided probe system 反向是艮综back trace 机内测试built-in test (BIT) 主动机内测试active BIT 被动机内测试passive BIT 自动机内测试automatic BIT 连续机内测试continuous BIT11 启动机内测试initiated BIT周期机内测试periodic BIT加电机内测试power-on BIT灵巧机内测试/智能机内测试smart BIT测试性设计design for testability测试性预计testability prediction测试要求分析test requirements analysis功能划分functional partitioning电气划分electrical partitioning控制点control point功能模型functional model功能模块化functional modularity测试性验证testability verification测试系统鉴定test system certification测试程序集(TPS)确认TPS validation测试程序集(TPS)验证TPS verification测试、测量和诊断设备test measurement and diagnostic equipment(TMDE) 通用测试、测量和诊断设备general purpose TMDE测试和监测系统test and monitoring systems(TAMS)测试设备test equipment通用测试设备general purpose test equipment专项测试设备special test equipment(STE)专用测试设备special purpose test equipment(SPTE)集中测试系统centralized test system自动测试设备automatic test equipment(ATE)多端口自动测试设备multiport ATE半自动测试设备semi-automatic test equipment嵌入式测试设备embedded test equipment机内测试设备built-in test equipment(BITE)人工测试设备manual test equipment便携式设备portable equipment联机测试设备/在线测试设备on-line test equipment脱机测试设备/离线测试设备off-line test equipment接口interface输入/输出接口input/output interface12接口装置interface device(ID)测试适配器/接口适配器test adapter测试软件test software测试支持软件test support software测试管理软件supervision test software自动测试设备系统软件ATE system software自动测试设备控制软件ATE control software测试程序test program(TP)测试程序集/测试接口组合test program set(TPS)测试规范test specification测试要求文件test requirement document保障性supportability后勤保障性logistics supportability人力保障性manpower supportability后勤logistics米办后勤acquisition logistics后勤工程logistics engineering集中后勤focused logistics合作后勤cooperative logistics软件后勤software logistics以可靠性为基础的后勤reliability based logistics(RBL)后勤保障logistics support综合后勤保障/综合保障integrated logistic support(ILS)综合后勤保障计划/综合保障计划integrated logistics support plan (ILSP)综合保障计划/综合保障工作计划integrated support plan(LSP)保障性分析supportability analysis后勤保障分析logistic support analysis (LSA)保障性评估supportability assessment后勤保障分析记录logistics support analysis record后勤保障分析文件logistics support analysis documentation使用方案operational concept系统使用方案system operational concept保障方案support concept使用保障方案operational support concept维修方案maintenance concept13 保障计划support plan使用保障计划operational support plan 维修保障计划maintenance plan 维修计划U maintenance plan 后勤资源logistics resource 保障资源support resource 保障系统support system 维修maintenance维护/保养servicing 修理repair恢复restoration/recovery 战伤修理battle damage repair 维修事件maintenance event 维修活动maintenance action 维修工作maintenance action/maintenance task 维修作业maintenance task基本维修作业elementary maintenance activity 维修职能maintenance function 维修规程maintenance procedure 维修工时maintenance man-hours维修差错maintenance error 维修级别maintenance level 预防性维修大纲preventive maintenance program 预防性维修preventive maintenance 修复性维修corrective maintenance 计划维修/计划性维修scheduled maintenance 非计划维修/非计划性维修unscheduled maintenance 定时维修periodic maintenance/hard time maintenance 状态监视维修condition monitored maintenance 视情维修on-condition maintenance现（外）场维修on-site maintenance/in sites maintenance/field maintenance 弃件式维修discard-at-failure maintenance拆件维修/拆配cannibalization/cannibalize robbing 延缓维修/逾期维修deferred maintenance 分解disassemble14更换replacement安装install软件维修software maintenance软件维护software maintenance适应性维护adaptive maintenance改正性维护corrective maintenance完善性维护perfective maintenance维修工程maintenance engineering维修能力maintenance capability维修资源maintenance resource基层级维修organizational-level maintenance中继级维修intermediate-level maintenance基地级维修depot-level maintenance以可靠性为中心的维修reliability-centered maintenance (RCM)以可靠性为中心的维修分析reliability-centered maintenance analysis (RCMA)修理级别分析repair level analysis(RLA)/level of repair analysis (LORA)/optimum repair level analysis综合后勤保障要素综合后勤保障要素integrated logistic support elements后勤保障要素logistics support elements后勤保障、供应品及服务logistics support, supplies and services维修规划maintenance planning人力和人员manpower and personnel人员数量与技术等级personnel numbers and skill level人力manpower人力估计manpower estimate人力计划及投入manpower scheduling and loading人力、人员和培训分析manpower, personnel, and training analysis 供应保障supply support供应supply供应系统supply system供应规划provisioning初始供应规划initial provisioning备件spares安装备件installation spares初始备件initial spares15 后续备件follow-on spares初始备件保障清单initial spares support list (ISSL)随机备件采办spares acquisition integrated with production (SAIP) 备件管理改进大纲spares management improvement program(SMIP)备用品spares parts供应品supplies修理件repair parts消耗品consumable库存指标inventory objective库存控制机构inventory control point生产过程的库存控制in process inventory control保障设备support equipment保障和测试设备support and test equipment保障产品support item通用保障设备common support equipment专用保障设备peculiar support equipment保障设备汇总清单consolidated support equipment list保障设备关键产品support equipment critical item技术资料technical data技术信息technical information文件/技术文件documentation技术手册technical manual(TM)合同资料要求清单contract data requirement list(CDRL)训练及训练保障training and training support训练training训练要求training requirements训练准备就绪ready for training初始训练initial training后续训练follow-on training计算机资源保障computer resource support计算机资源computer resource任务关键的计算机资源mission critical computer resources(MCCR)计算机资源寿命周期管理计划computer resource life cycle management plan(CRLCMP) 设施facilities保障设施support facilities16基础设施infrastructure包装、装卸、存储和运输packaging, handling, storage and transportation装卸handling包装packaging设计接口design interface直接战斗保障direct combat support维修保障maintenance support直接维修保障direct maintenance support间接维修保障indirect maintenance support军种间维修保障interservice maintenance support临时承包商保障interim contractor support承包商后勤保障contractor logistics support合作后勤供应保障cooperative logistics supply support停产后保障post-production support (PPS)停产后保障计划post-production support plan(PPSP)部署后软件保障post-deployment software support软件保障/软件后勤software support/software logistics功能保障functional support与保障性有关的设计因素supportability-related design factors运输性transportability后勤及战备完好性能力logistics and readiness capability后勤资金计划logistics funding profile (LFP)后勤管理信息logistics management information保障军种supporting service后勤互用性logistics interoperability基准比较系统baseline comparison system (BCS)初始订货initial order保障采办费用support acquisition costs使用和维修费用operations and maintenance (O&M) cost使用和保障费用operations and support (O&S) costs武器保障和后勤研究和发展weapon support and logistic research and development联合后勤司令joint logistics commanders连续采办及寿命周期保障continuous acquisition and life-cycle support (CALS)符合CALS CALS compliantCALS 控制结构CALS control architecture17CALS 计算机系统结构CALS computer system architectureCALS 信息结构CALS information architectureCALS 实施计划CALS implementation planCALS 政府使用方案CALS government concept of operations (GCO)安全性safety安全safety系统安全system safety系统安全大纲system safety program系统安全工作计划system safety program plan (SSPP)系统安全管理system safety management系统安全工程system safety engineering系统安全分析safety analysis软件危险分析software hazard analysis软件安全分析software safety analysis安全关键的safety-critical危险hazard危险等级hazard level危险严重性hazard severity危险可能性hazard probability危险分析hazard analysis初步危险表preliminary hazard list初步危险分析preliminary hazard analysis (PHA)安全性要求/准则分析safety requirements/criteria analysis (SRCA) 分系统危险分析subsystem hazard analysis (SSAA)系统危险分析system hazard analysis (SHA)使用和保障危险分析operational & support hazard analysis职业健康危险分析occupational health hazard analysis风险risk风险评价risk assessment事故accident/mishap损伤damage偶然损伤accidental damage环境损伤environment damage事故率/事故概率accident rate/probability损失率/损失概率loss rate/probability18安全可靠度safety reliabilityAGREE advisory group of reliability of electronic equipment 电子设备可靠性咨询组ARINC aeronautical radio incorporated 航空无线电公司ATF advanced tactical fighter 先进技术战斗机BTP built to package 制造成套文件CALS computer-aided manufacturing 计算机辅助采办与综合保障CE concurrent engineering 并行工程DMEA damager mode and effect analysis 损坏模式及影响分析DTC design to cost 定费用设计ETA event tree analysis 事件树分析FMR full mission rate 满任务率FDTS fault diagnosis test subsystem 故障诊断测试子系统GIDEP government-industry data exchange program 政府和工业部门数据交换网ILSMT integrated logistics support management team 综合保障管理组LSA logistics support analysis 保障性分析MLDT mean logistic down time 平均后勤不能工作时间MMBF mean mile between failure 平均故障间隔里程MMBMA mean mile between maintenance abortion 平均任务中断间隔里程MMBOMA mean mile between operational maintenance abortion平均使用任务中断间隔里程MMH/FH mean manhours per maintenance action 每飞行小时平均维修工时MMH/MA mean manhours per operational hour 每次维修活动平均维修工时MMH/OH mean manhours per maintenance time 每工作小时平均维修工时MPMT mean preventive maintenance time 平均预防性维修时间MR mission reliability 任务可靠度MTA maintenance task analysis 维修任务分析OA orbital availability 在轨可用度O&SP operation and support package 使用、保障成套文件QFD quality function deployment 质量功能展开RAC reliability function deployment 可靠性分析中心RSE reliability system engineering 可靠性系统工程SA stockpile availability 储存可用度STL storage life 储存寿命TAAT test,analysis and fix 试验-分析-改进TRD technical requirement document 技术要求文件UTR up time rete 能工作时间比ZSA zonal safty analysis 区域安全性分析19。

标签打印机执行标准

标签打印机执行标准Label printing machines are an essential tool for businesses in various industries, including retail, manufacturing, logistics, and healthcare. These machines are used to print labels for products, packages, shipping labels, barcodes, and more. They are crucial for ensuring accurate and efficient labeling, which is essential for inventory management, product tracking, and compliance with industry regulations. When it comes to selecting a label printing machine, there are several factors to consider, including the specific needs of the business, the volume of labels to be printed, the required printing quality, and the available budget.One of the key considerations when choosing a label printing machine is the printing technology used. There are several types of label printing technologies available, including direct thermal, thermal transfer, and inkjet. Direct thermal printing uses heat to create an image on the label, which is cost-effective and suitable for short-termlabel applications. Thermal transfer printing, on the other hand, uses a thermal print head to transfer ink from a ribbon onto the label, resulting in high-quality, durable labels that are ideal for long-term use. Inkjet printing is another option, which is known for its high-resolution printing capabilities, making it suitable for applications that require detailed graphics or small font sizes.In addition to printing technology, the printing speed and resolution are also important factors to consider when choosing a label printing machine. The printing speedrefers to the number of labels that can be printed per minute, which is crucial for businesses with high-volume label printing needs. The resolution, on the other hand, determines the clarity and sharpness of the printed labels, which is especially important for barcodes and small text. It's essential to consider the specific requirements of the business and the intended use of the labels when evaluating the printing speed and resolution of a label printing machine.Another crucial factor to consider is the connectivityoptions and compatibility of the label printing machine with existing systems and software. Many label printing machines offer various connectivity options, such as USB, Ethernet, and wireless connectivity, allowing for seamless integration with different devices and systems. It's important to ensure that the chosen label printing machine is compatible with the existing software and systems used by the business, such as inventory management software, ERP systems, and barcode scanners. This compatibility is essential for streamlining operations and ensuring that the printed labels are accurate and up-to-date.The durability and reliability of the label printing machine are also significant considerations, particularly for businesses with demanding operational environments. A durable and reliable label printing machine is essentialfor maintaining consistent label quality and minimizing downtime. Factors to consider include the build quality of the machine, the type of materials used, and the manufacturer's reputation for producing reliable products. It's important to choose a label printing machine that can withstand the rigors of the operational environment andcontinue to perform consistently over time.Finally, the cost of the label printing machine and ongoing operational expenses, such as label supplies and maintenance, are important considerations for businesses. The initial cost of the machine, as well as the cost of consumables such as labels and ink ribbons, should be factored into the decision-making process. Additionally, the availability of technical support, warranty coverage, and the overall cost of ownership should be considered when evaluating the long-term financial implications of the investment in a label printing machine. It's essential to strike a balance between the upfront cost and the ongoing operational expenses to ensure that the chosen label printing machine is cost-effective in the long run.In conclusion, selecting the right label printing machine is a crucial decision for businesses that rely on accurate and efficient labeling. Factors such as printing technology, printing speed and resolution, connectivity and compatibility, durability and reliability, and cost must be carefully evaluated to ensure that the chosen machine meetsthe specific needs of the business and provides a reliable and cost-effective labeling solution. By considering these factors and conducting thorough research, businesses can make an informed decision and invest in a label printing machine that will support their labeling needs for years to come.。

电表中英文对照

有功电度表——watt-hour meter静止式有功电度表——static watt-hour meter多费率电度表——multi-rate meter仪表型式——meter type测量器件——measuring element测试输出——test output工作指示器——operation indicator贮存器——memory非易失贮存器——non-volatile memory显示器——display计度器——register电流线路——current circuit电压线路——voltage circuit辅助线路——auxiliary circuit常数——constant室内仪表——indoor meter室外仪表——outdoor meter表底——base插座——socket表盖——meter cover表壳——meter case可触及导电部件——accessible conductive part保护接地端——protective earth terminal端子座——terminal block端子盖——terminal cover间隙——clearance爬电距离——creepage distance基本绝缘——basic insulation附加绝缘——supplementary insulation双重绝缘——double insulation加强绝缘——reinforced insulationI类防护绝缘包封仪表——insulating encased meter of protective class III类防护绝缘包封仪表——insulating encased meter of protective class II参比电流——reference current基本电流*（Ib)——basic current （Ib)额定电流*（In)——rated current （In)最大电流*（Imax)——maximum current （Imax)参比电压*（Un)——reference voltage（Un)参比频率——reference frequency等级指数——class index百分数误差——percentage error影响量——influence quantity参比条件——reference conditions由影响量引起的误差改变量——variation of error due to an influence quantity畸变因数——distortion factor电磁骚扰——electromagnetic disturbance参比温度——reference temperature平均温度系数——mean temperature coefficient额定工作条件——rated operating conditions规定的测量范围——specified measuring range规定的工作范围——specified operating range极限工作范围——limit range of operation贮存和运输条件——storage and transport conditions正常工作位置——normal working position热稳定性——thermal stability型式试验——type test电度表型号——meter type标准表——reference meter无功功率（乏）——reactive power(var)无功电能（乏一小时）——reactive energy(var-hour)单相电路中无功电能——reactive energy in a single-phase circuit三相电路中无功电能——reactive energy in a three-phase circuit无功电度表——var-hour meter静止式无功电度表——static var-hour meter多费率仪表——multi-rate meter无功功率的方向和符号——directions and sign of reactive power测量元件——measuring element输出装置——output devices感应式仪表——induction meter仪表转子——meter rotor仪表驱动元件——meter driving element仪表制动元件——meter braking element仪表计度器（计数机构）——register of a meter(counting mechanism)仪表底座——meter base仪表插座——meter socket仪表基架——meter frame接线端座——terminal block接线端盖——terminal cover基本转速——basic speed基本转矩——basic torque仪表常数——meter constant绝缘——insulation型式——type型式检验——type test型式验证程序——type approval procedure鉴定程序——qualification procedure影响量或影响因数——influence quantity or factor垂直工作位置——vertical working position等级指数——class index测量单元——measuring unit数据处理单元——data processing unit多功能电能表——multifunction watthour meter需要周期——demand interval最大需量——maximum demand滑差时间——sliding window time尖、峰、谷、平时段——（sharp、peak、shoulder、off—peak time consumption）额定最大脉冲频率——rated maximum impulse frequency最大需量复零装置——maximum demand reset zero unit辅助电源——auxiliary supply电磁骚扰——electromagnetic disturbance产品——item修理的产品——repaired item不修理的产品——non-repaired item服务——service规定功能——required function时刻——instant of time时间区间——time interval持续时间——time duration累积时间——accumulated time量度——measure工作——operation修改——modification(of an item)效能——effectiveness固有能力——capability耐久性——durability可靠性——reliability维修性——maintainability维修保障性——maintenance support performance可用性——availability可信性——dependability失效——failure致命失效——critical failure非致命失效——non-critical failure误用失效——misuse failure误操作失效——mishandling failure弱质失效——weakness failure设计失效——design failure制造失效——manufacturing failure老化失效；耗损失效——ageing failure；wearout failure突然失效——sudden failure 渐变失效；漂移失效——gradual failure；drift failure灾变失效——cataleptic failure关联失效——relevant failure非关联失效——non-relevant failure独立失效——primary failure从属失效——secondary failure失效原因——failure cause失效机理——failure mechanism系统性失效；重复性失效——systematic failure；reproducible failure完全失效——complete failure退化失效——degradation failure部分失效——partial failure故障——fault致命故障——critical fault非致命故障——non-critical fault重要故障——major fault次要故障——minor fault误用故障——minor fault误操作故障——mishandling fault弱质故障——weakness fault设计故障——design fault制造故障——manufacturing fault老化故障；耗损故障——ageing fault；wearout fault程序－敏感故障——programme-sensitive fault数据－敏感故障——data-sensitive fault完全故障；功能阻碍故障——complete fault；function-preventing fault部分故障——partial fault持久故障——persistent fault间歇故障——intermittent fault确定性故障——determinate fault非确定性故障——indeterminate fault潜在故障——latent fault系统性故障——systematic fault故障模式——fault mode故障产品——faulty item差错——error失误——mistake工作状态——operating state不工作状态——non-operating state待命状态——standby state闲置状态；空闲状态——idle state；free state不能工作状态——disable state；outage处因不能工作状态——external disabled state不可用状态；内因不能工作状态——down state；internal disabledstate可用状态——up state忙碌状态——busy state致使状态——critical state维修——maintenance维修准则——maintenance philosophy维修方针——maintenance policy维修作业线——maintenance echelon；line of maintenance 维修约定级——indenture level(for maintenance)维修等级——level of maintenance预防性维修——preventive maintenance修复性维修——corrective maintenance受控维修——controlled maintenance计划性维修——scheduled maintenance非计划性维修——unscheduled maintenance现场维修——on-site maintenance；in sits maintenance；field maintenance非现场维修——off-site maintenance遥控维修——remote maintenance自动维修——automatic maintenance逾期维修——deferred maintenance基本的维修作业——elementary maintenance activity维修工作——maintenance action；maintenance task修理——repair故障识别——fault recognition故障定位——fault localization故障诊断——fault diagnosis故障修复——fault correction功能核查——function check-out恢复——restoration；recovery监测——supervision；monitoring维修的实体——maintenance entity影响功能的维修——function-affecting maintenance妨碍功能的维修——function-preventing maintenance减弱功能的维修——function-degreding maintenance不影响功能的维修——function-permitting maintenance维修时间——maintenance time维修人时——MMH maintenance man-hours实际维修时间——active maintenance time预防性维修时间——preventive maintenance time修复性维修时间——corrective maintenance time实际的预防性维修时间——active preventive maintenance time实际的修复性维修时间——active corrective maintenance time 未检出故障时间——undetected fault time管理延迟（对于修复性维修）——andyistrative delay 后勤延迟——logistic delay故障修复时间——fault correction time技术延迟——technical delay核查时间——check－out time故障诊断时间——fault diagnosis time故障定位时间——fault localization time修理时间——repair time工作时间——operating time不工作时间——non—operating time需求时间——required time无需求时间——non-required time待命时间——stand-by time闲置时间——idle time；free time不能工作时间——disabled time不可用时间——down time累积不可用时间——accumulated down time外因不能工作时间——external disabled time；external loss time可用时间——up time首次失效前时间——time to first failure失效前时间——time to failure失效间隔时间——time between failures失效间工作时间——operating time between failures恢复前时间——time to restoration；time to recovery使用寿命——useful life早期失效期——early failure period恒定失效密度期——constant failure intensity period恒定失效率期——constant failure rate period耗损失效期——wear－out failure period瞬时可用度——A(t) instantaneous availability瞬时不可用度——U(t) instantaneous unavailability平均可用度——A(t1,t2)mean availability平均不可用度——U(t1，t2)mean unavailability渐近可用度——A asymptotic availability稳态可用度——steady－state availability渐近下可用度——U asymptotic unavailability稳态不可用度——steady-state unavailability渐近平均可用度——A asymptotic mean availability渐近平均不可用度——U asymptotic mean unavailability平均可用时间——MUT mean up time平均累积不可用时间——MADT mean accumulated down time 可靠度——R(t1，t2)reliability瞬时失效率——λ(t) instantaneous failure rate平均失效率——λ(t1,t2)mean failure rate瞬时失效密度——Z(t) instantaneous failure intensity平均失效密度——Z(tl，t2) mean failure intensity平均首次失效前时间——MTTFF mean time to first failure平均失效前时间——MTTF mean time to failure平均失效间隔时间——MTBF mean time between failures平均失效间工作时间——MTBF mean operating time between failures失效率加速系数——failure rate acceleration factor失效密度加速系数——failure intensity acceleration factor维修度——maintainability瞬时修复率——μ(t)instantaneous repair rate平均修复率——μ(t1，t2)mean repair rate平均维修人时——mean maintenance man-hours平均不可用时间——MDT mean down time平均修理时间——MRT mean repair timeP—分位修理时间——p—fractile repair time平均实际修复性维修时间——mean active corrective maintenance time平均恢复前时间——MTTR mean time to restoration故障识别比——fault coverage修复比——repair coverage平均管理延迟——MAD mean andyistrative delayp—分位管理延迟——p-fractile andyistrative delay平均后勤延迟——MLD mean logistic delayP—分位后勤延迟——P—fractile logistic delay试验——test验证试验——compliance test测定试验——determination test实验室试验——laboratory test现场试验——field test耐久性试验——endurance test加速试验——accelerated test步进应力试验——step stress test筛选试验——screening test时间加速系数——time acceleration factor维修性检验——maintainability verfication维修性验证——maintainability demonstration观测数据——observed data试验数据——test data现场数据——field data基准数据——reference data冗余——redundancy工作冗余——active redundancy备用冗余——standby redundancy失效安全——fail safe故障裕度——fault tolerance故障掩盖——fault masking预计——prediction 可靠性模型——reliability model可靠性预计——reliability prediction可靠性分配——reliability allocation；reliability apportionment 故障模式与影响分析——FMEA fault modes and effects analysis故障模式、影响与危害度分析——FMECA fault modes，effects and criticality analysis故障树分析——FTA fault tree analysis应力分析——stress analysis可靠性框图——reliability block diagram故障树——fault tree状态转移图——state-transition diagram应力模式——stress madel故障分析——fault analysis失效分析——failure analysis维修性模型——maintainability model维修性预计——maintainability prediction维修树——maintenance tree维修性分配——maintainability allocation；maintainability apportionment老练——burn in可靠性增长——reliability growth可靠性改进——reliability improvement可靠性和维修性管理——reliability and maintainability management可靠性和维修性保证——reliability and maintainability assurance可靠性和维修性控制——reliability and maintainability control 可靠性和维修性大纲——reliability and maintainability programme可靠性和维修性计划——reliability and maintainability plan可靠性和维修性审计——reliability and maintainability audit可靠性和维修性监察——reliability and maintainability surveillance设计评审——design review真实的…——true…预计的…——predicted…外推的…——extrapolated…估计的…——estimated…固有的…——intrinsic…；inherent…使用的…——operational…平均的…——mean…P-分位…——P-fratile…瞬时的…——instantaneous…稳态的…——steady state。

trvv标准

TRVV标准什么是TRVV标准？TRVV标准是一种用于评估和量化一个系统的可靠性、可用性、可维护性和性能的标准。

TRVV是指Total Reliability, Availability, Maintainability and Performance的首字母缩写。

可靠性(Reliability)的定义和重要性可靠性是指在给定的时间内，系统能够持续提供正常的服务而不出现故障的能力。

在TRVV标准中，可靠性是衡量系统质量的一个重要指标。

可靠性的好坏直接影响到用户对系统的信任度和满意度。

一个高可靠性的系统可以确保用户在使用过程中不会遇到意外的中断或故障，提高用户体验，并增加用户的忠诚度。

可靠性评估指标1.MTBF：平均无故障时间，是指平均故障发生时间间隔。

2.MTTR：平均修复时间，是指故障修复的平均时间。

3.故障率：是指单位时间内出现故障的次数。

提高可靠性的方法•设备和材料的选型要合理，要选择具有较高可靠性的设备和材料。

•加强预防性维护，定期检查和保养设备，及时发现和排除潜在故障。

•进行可靠性测试，通过模拟真实的使用环境和条件，测试系统的可靠性。

•在设计阶段考虑冗余和备份机制，以便在故障发生时能够快速切换和恢复。

可用性(Availability)的定义和重要性可用性是指系统能够按照用户的需求和期望，以及在特定要求或工作条件下，持续提供所需服务的能力。

在TRVV标准中，可用性是衡量系统可靠性的一个重要指标。

可用性的好坏直接关系到用户的满意度和系统的稳定性。

一个高可用性的系统可以确保用户能够随时随地访问所需的服务，提高用户的工作效率和便捷性。

1.Uptime：系统的正常运行时间占总运行时间的比例。

2.Downtime：系统的停机时间，即系统无法提供服务的时间。

3.Mean Time to Repair (MTTR)：平均修复时间，是指系统停机后恢复正常运行所需要的平均时间。

改善可用性的方法•提供冗余和备份机制，以保证在设备故障时能够快速切换至备份设备。

availability的用法

"Availability" 是一个英文词汇，它可以有多个不同的用法，取决于上下文。

以下是一些常见的用法：1.可用性（Availability）作为名词：–指物品或资源的可获取性。

例如，产品的可用性表示产品是否在库存中并可以购买。

•例句：The availability of the new iPhone was limited due to highdemand.–指系统或服务的可操作性。

在信息技术中，可用性表示系统或服务在需要时是否可用。

•例句：The website experienced downtime, affecting its availability to users.2.可用性作为形容词（Available）：–表示某物可获得或可使用。

•例句：Is the manager available for a meeting this afternoon?–表示某物可获得的状态。

•例句：The product is available in various colors and sizes.3.可得性（Availability）作为财务概念：–在商业和财务上，可得性可能指某项资源的有效利用程度。

•例句：The company's cash availability was impacted by theeconomic downturn.4.可获得性（Availability）在安全性和可靠性领域的用法：–在安全性和可靠性方面，可获得性是指系统或服务保持运行并对用户可用的能力。

•例句：The data backup system was designed to ensure highavailability in case of system failures.5.其他用法：–在其他上下文中，可用性可以表示某物的出现或存在的状态。

•例句：The availability of parking spaces in the city center is oftenlimited.总的来说，“availability” 是一个灵活的词汇，其具体含义取决于上下文。

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