2023届高一上学期第一次月考
2023-2024学年河南省高一上册第一次月考数学试题(含解析)
2023-2024学年河南省高一上册第一次月考数学试题一、单选题1.已知集合{}220A x x x =-≤,{}1,0,3B =-,则()R A B ⋂=ð()A .∅B .{}0,1C .{}1,0,3-D .{}1,3-【正确答案】D【分析】先由一元二次不等式的解法求得集合A ,再由集合的补集和交集运算可求得答案.【详解】因为{}{}22002A x x x x x =-≤=≤≤,所以{R |0A x x =<ð或}2x >,又{}1,0,3B =-,所以(){}1,3R A B ⋂=-ð,故选:D .2.已知函数()f x =()()3y f x f x =+-的定义域是()A .[-5,4]B .[-2,7]C .[-2,1]D .[1,4]【正确答案】D【分析】由函数解析式可得2820x x +-≥,解不等式可得24x -≤≤,再由24234x x -≤≤⎧⎨-≤-≤⎩即可求解.【详解】由()f x =2820x x +-≥,解得24x -≤≤,所以函数()()3y f x f x =+-的定义域满足24234x x -≤≤⎧⎨-≤-≤⎩,解得14x ≤≤,所以函数的定义域为[1,4].故选:D 3.不等式3112x x-≥-的解集是()A .3{|2}4x x ≤≤B .3{|2}4x x ≤<C .{>2x x 或3}4x ≤D .3{|}4x x ≥【正确答案】B【分析】把原不等式的右边移项到左边,通分计算后,然后转化为()()432020x x x ⎧--⎨-≠⎩,求出不等式组的解集即为原不等式的解集.【详解】解:不等式3112x x --可转化为31102x x ---,即4302x x --,即4302x x --,所以不等式等价于()()432020x x x ⎧--⎨-≠⎩,解得:324x <,所以原不等式的解集是3{|2}4x x <.故选:B .4.命题“∀x ∈R ,∃n ∈N+,使n ≥2x+1”的否定形式是()A .∀x ∈R ,∃n ∈N+,有n<2x+1B .∀x ∈R ,∀n ∈N+,有n<2x+1C .∃x ∈R ,∃n ∈N+,使n<2x+1D .∃x ∈R ,∀n ∈N+,使n<2x+1【正确答案】D【分析】根据全称命题、特称命题的否定表述:条件中的∀→∃、∃→∀,然后把结论否定,即可确定答案【详解】条件中的∀→∃、∃→∀,把结论否定∴“∀x ∈R ,∃n ∈N+,使n ≥2x+1”的否定形式为“∃x ∈R ,∀n ∈N+,使n<2x+1”故选:D本题考查了全称命题、特称命题的否定形式,其原则是将原命题条件中的∀→∃、∃→∀且否定原结论5.已知12a b ≤-≤,24a b ≤+≤,则32a b -的取值范围是()A .3,92⎡⎤⎢⎥⎣⎦B .5,82⎡⎤⎢⎥⎣⎦C .5,92⎡⎤⎢⎥⎣⎦D .7,72⎡⎤⎢⎥⎣⎦【正确答案】D【分析】令32()()a b m a b n a b -=-++求,m n ,再利用不等式的性质求32a b -的取值范围.【详解】令32()()()()a b m a b n a b m n a n m b -=-++=++-,∴32m n n m +=⎧⎨-=-⎩,即51,22m n ==,∴55()5,121()222a b a b ≤-≤≤+≤,故73272a b ≤-≤.故选:D6.如图,ABC 中,90ACB ∠=︒,30A ∠=︒,16AB =,点P 是斜边AB 上任意一点,过点P 作PQ AB ⊥,垂足为P ,交边AC (或边CB )于点Q ,设AP x =,APQ △的面积为y ,则y 与x 之间的函数图象大致是()A .B .C .D .【正确答案】D【分析】首先过点C 作CD AB ⊥于点D ,由ABC 中,90ACB ∠= ,30A ∠= ,可求得B ∠的度数与AD 的长度,再分别从当012AD ≤≤与当1216x <≤时,去分析求解即可求得y 与x 之间的函数关系式,进一步选出图象.【详解】过点C 作CD AB ⊥于点D ,因为90ACB ∠= ,30A ∠= ,16AB =,所以60B ∠= ,142BD BC ==,12AD AB BD =-=.如图1,当012AD ≤≤时,AP x =,tan 30PQ AP x =⋅ ,所以21236y x x x ==,如图2:当1216x <≤时,16BP AB AP x =-=-,所以)tan 6016PQ BP x =⋅=-,所以)211622y x x x =-=-+,故选:D此题考查了动点问题,注意掌握含30 直角三角形的性质与二次函数的性质;注意掌握分类讨论的思想.属于中档题.7.已知函数221111x xf x x --⎛⎫= ⎪++⎝⎭,则()f x 的解析式为()A .()()2211x f x x x =≠-+B .()()2211xf x x x =-≠-+C .()()211xf x x x =≠-+D .()()211xf x x x =-≠-+【正确答案】A 【分析】令11x t x -=+,则11tx t-=+,代入已知解析式可得()f t 的表达式,再将t 换成x 即可求解.【详解】令11x t x -=+,则11tx t-=+,所以()()222112111111t t t f t t t t t -⎛⎫- ⎪+⎝⎭==≠-+-⎛⎫+ ⎪+⎝⎭,所以()()2211xf x x x=≠-+,故选:A.8.已知0x >,0y >,且2121x y+=+,若2231x y m m +>--恒成立,则实数m 的取值范围是()A .1m ≤-或4m ≥B .4m ≤-或m 1≥C .14-<<mD .41m -<<【正确答案】C 由2121x y +=+得121y x=+,利用基本不等式求出2x y +的最小值,再将不等式恒成立转化为最值,解不等式可得结果.【详解】由2121x y +=+得212(1)y x x y ++=+,所以12x xy +=,所以121y x=+,所以121x y x x +=++13≥=,当且仅当1,1x y ==时,等号成立,所以()min 23x y +=,所以2231x y m m +>--恒成立,可化为2331m m >--,即2340m m --<,解得14-<<m .故选:C结论点睛:本题考查不等式的恒成立与有解问题,可按如下规则转化:①若()k f x ≥在[,]a b 上恒成立,则max ()k f x ≥;②若()k f x ≤在[,]a b 上恒成立,则min ()k f x ≤;③若()k f x ≥在[,]a b 上有解,则min ()k f x ≥;④若()k f x ≤在[,]a b 上有解,则max ()k f x ≤;二、多选题9.有以下判断,其中是正确判断的有().A .()xf x x =与()1,01,0x g x x ≥⎧=⎨-<⎩表示同一函数B .函数()22122x f x x =+++的最小值为2C .函数()y f x =的图象与直线1x =的交点最多有1个D .若()1f x x x =--,则112f f ⎛⎫⎛⎫= ⎪⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭【正确答案】CD【分析】根据函数的定义域可判断A 的正误,根据基本不等式可判断B 的正误,根据函数的定义可判断C 的正误,根据函数解析式计算对应的函数值可判断D 的正误.【详解】对于A ,()xf x x=的定义域为()(),00,∞-+∞U ,而()1,01,0x g x x ≥⎧=⎨-<⎩的定义域为R ,两个函数的定义域不同,故两者不是同一函数.对于B ,由基本不等式可得()221222f x x x =++≥+,但221x +=无解,故前者等号不成立,故()2f x >,故B 错误.对于C ,由函数定义可得函数()y f x =的图象与直线1x =的交点最多有1个,故C 正确.对于D ,()1012f f f ⎛⎫⎛⎫== ⎪⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭,故D 正确.故选:CD.10.下面命题正确的是()A .“3x >”是“5x >"的必要不充分条件B .“0ac <”是“一元二次方程20ax bx c ++=有一正一负两个实根”的充要条件C .“1x ≠”是“2430x x -+≠”的必要不充分条件D .设,R x y ∈,则“4x y +≥”是“2x ≥且2y ≥”的充分不必要条件【正确答案】ABC【分析】利用充分条件,必要条件的定义逐项判断作答.【详解】对于A ,3x >不能推出5x >,而5x >,必有3x >,“3x >”是“5x >"的必要不充分条件,A 正确;对于B ,若0ac <,一元二次方程20ax bx c ++=判别式240b ac ∆=->,方程有二根12,x x ,120cx x a=<,即12,x x 一正一负,反之,一元二次方程20ax bx c ++=有一正一负两个实根12,x x ,则120cx x a=<,有0ac <,所以“0ac <”是“一元二次方程20ax bx c ++=有一正一负两个实根”的充要条件,B 正确;对于C ,当1x ≠时,若3x =,有2430x x -+=,当2430x x -+≠时,1x ≠且3x ≠,因此“1x ≠”是“2430x x -+≠”的必要不充分条件,C 正确;对于D ,,R x y ∈,若4x y +≥,取1,4x y ==,显然“2x ≥且2y ≥”不成立,而2x ≥且2y ≥,必有4x y +≥,设,R x y ∈,则“4x y +≥”是“2x ≥且2y ≥”的必要不充分条件,D 不正确.故选:ABC11.函数()1,Q0,Qx D x x ∈⎧=⎨∉⎩被称为狄利克雷函数,则下列结论成立的是()A .函数()D x 的值域为[]0,1B .若()01D x =,则()011D x +=C .若()()120D x D x -=,则12x x -∈Q D .x ∃∈R ,(1D x =【正确答案】BD【分析】求得函数()D x 的值域判断选项A ;推理证明判断选项B ;举反例否定选项C ;举例证明x ∃∈R ,(1D x =.判断选项D.【详解】选项A :函数()D x 的值域为{}0,1.判断错误;选项B :若()01D x =,则0Q x ∈,01Q x +∈,则()011D x +=.判断正确;选项C :()()2ππ000D D -=-=,但2ππ=πQ -∉.判断错误;选项D :当x =时,((()01D x D D ===.则x ∃∈R ,(1D x =.判断正确.故选:BD12.已知集合{}20,0x x ax b a ++=>有且仅有两个子集,则下面正确的是()A .224a b -≤B .214a b+≥C .若不等式20x ax b +-<的解集为()12,x x ,则120x x >D .若不等式2x ax b c ++<的解集为()12,x x ,且124x x -=,则4c =【正确答案】ABD【分析】根据集合{}20,0x x ax b a ++=>子集的个数列方程,求得,a b 的关系式,对A ,利用二次函数性质可判断;对B ,利用基本不等式可判断;对CD ,利用不等式的解集及韦达定理可判断.【详解】由于集合{}20,0x x ax b a ++=>有且仅有两个子集,所以2240,4a b a b ∆=-==,由于0a >,所以0b >.A ,()22224244a b b b b -=-=--+≤,当2,b a ==时等号成立,故A 正确.B ,21144a b b b +=+≥=,当且仅当114,,2b b a b ===时等号成立,故B 正确.C ,不等式20x ax b +-<的解集为()12,x x ,120x x b =-<,故C 错误.D ,不等式2x ax b c ++<的解集为()12,x x ,即不等式20x ax b c ++-<的解集为()12,x x ,且124x x -=,则1212,x x a x x b c +=-=-,则()()22212121244416x x x x x x a b c c -=+-=--==,4c ∴=,故D 正确,故选:ABD三、填空题13.已知21,0()2,0x x f x x x ⎧+≥=⎨-<⎩,求()1f f -=⎡⎤⎣⎦________.【正确答案】5【分析】先求()1f -,再根据()1f -值代入对应解析式得()1.f f ⎡⎤-⎣⎦【详解】因为()()1212,f -=-⨯-=所以()[]1241 5.f f f ⎡⎤-==+=⎣⎦求分段函数的函数值,要先确定要求值的自变量属于哪一段区间,然后代入该段的解析式求值,当出现(())f f a 的形式时,应从内到外依次求值.14.已知正实数a 、b 满足131a b+=,则()()12a b ++的最小值是___________.【正确答案】13+13+【分析】由已知可得出3ba b =-且3b >,化简代数式()()12a b ++,利用基本不等式可求得结果.【详解】因为正实数a 、b 满足131a b +=,则03b a b =>-,由0b >可得3b >,所以,()()()()()()32312122222333b b a b b b b b b b +⎛⎫⎛⎫++=++=++=++⎪ ⎪---⎝⎭⎝⎭()()()33515222313131333b b b b b -+=++=-++≥+=+--当且仅当62b =时,等号成立.因此,()()12a b ++的最小值是13+.故答案为.13+15.对于[]1,1a ∈-,()2210x a x a +-+->恒成立的x 取值________.【正确答案】()(),02,-∞+∞ 【分析】设()()()2221121f a x a x a x a x x =+-+-=-+-+关于a 的一次函数,只需()()1010f f ⎧>⎪⎨->⎪⎩即可求解.【详解】令()()()2221121f a x a x a x a x x =+-+-=-+-+,因为对于[]11a ∈-,,不等式()2210x a x a +-+->恒成立,所以()()1010f f ⎧>⎪⎨->⎪⎩即220320x x x x ⎧->⎨-+>⎩解得:0x <或2x >.故答案为.()()02-∞⋃+∞,,方法点睛:求不等式恒成立问题的方法(1)分离参数法若不等式(),0f x λ≥()x D ∈(λ是实参数)恒成立,将(),0f x λ≥转化为()g x λ≥或()()g x x D λ≤∈恒成立,进而转化为()max g x λ≥或()()min g x x D λ≤∈,求()g x 的最值即可.(2)数形结合法结合函数图象将问题转化为函数图象的对称轴、区间端点的函数值或函数图象的位置关系(相对于x 轴)求解.此外,若涉及的不等式转化为一元二次不等式,可结合相应一元二次方程根的分布解决问题.(3)主参换位法把变元与参数变换位置,构造以参数为变量的函数,根据原变量的取值范围列式求解,一般情况下条件给出谁的范围,就看成关于谁的函数,利用函数的单调性求解.16.若函数2()2f x x x =+,()2(0)g x ax a =+>,对于1x ∀∈[]1,2-,[]21,2x ∃∈-,使12()()g x f x =,则a 的取值范围是_____________.【正确答案】(]0,3【分析】由题意可知函数()g x 在区间[]1,2-的值域是函数()f x 在区间[]1,2-的值域的子集,转化为子集问题求a 的取值范围.【详解】()()20g x ax a =+>在定义域上是单调递增函数,所以函数在区间[]1,2-的值域是[]2,22a a -+函数()22f x x x =+在区间[]1,2-是单调递增函数,所以函数()f x 的值域是[]1,8-,由题意可知[][]2,221,8a a -+⊆-,所以21228a a -≥-⎧⎨+≤⎩,解得.3a ≤故答案为.(]0,3本题考查双变量等式中任意,存在问题求参数的取值范围,重点考查函数的值域,转化与化归的思想,属于中档题型.四、解答题17.已知{|13}A x x =-<≤,{|13}B x m x m =≤<+(1)若1m =时,求A B ⋃;(2)若R B A ⊆ð,求实数m 的取值范围.【正确答案】(1)(1,4)A B =-U ;(2)()1,3,2m ⎛⎤∈-∞-+∞ ⎥⎝⎦ .(1)利用集合的并集定义代入计算即可;(2)求出集合R A ð,利用集合包含关系,分类讨论B =∅和B ≠∅两种情况,列出关于m 的不等式,求解可得答案.【详解】(1)当1m =时,{|14}B x x =≤<,则{|14}A B x x ⋃=-<<即(1,4)A B =-U .(2){|1R A x x =≤-ð或}(]()3,13,x >=-∞-⋃+∞,由R B A ⊆ð,可分以下两种情况:①当B =∅时,13m m ≥+,解得:12m ≤-②当B ≠∅时,利用数轴表示集合,如图由图可知13131m m m <+⎧⎨+≤-⎩或133m m m <+⎧⎨>⎩,解得3m >;综上所述,实数m 的取值范围是:12m ≤-或3m >,即()1,3,2m ⎛⎤∈-∞-+∞ ⎥⎝⎦ 易错点睛:本题考查利用集合子集关系确定参数问题,易错点是要注意:∅是任何集合的子集,所以要分集合B =∅和集合B ≠∅两种情况讨论,考查学生的逻辑推理能力,属于中档题.18.(1)已知a b c <<,且0a b c ++=,证明:a a a c b c<--.(2213a a a a ---(3)a ≥【正确答案】(1)证明见解析;(2)证明见解析【分析】(1)利用不等式的性质证明即可;(2)a 3a -<1a -2a -,对不等式两边同时平方后只需证明()3a a -<()()12a a --.【详解】证明:(1)由a b c <<,且0a b c ++=,所以0a <,且0,a cbc -<-<所以()()0a c b c -->,所以()()a c a c b c -<--()()b c a c b c ---,即1b c -<1a c -;所以a b c ->a a c -,即a a c -<a b c-.(2213a a a a ---,(3)a ≥a 3a -<1-a 2a -,即证(3)(3)(1)(2)2(1)(2)a a a a a a a a +-+--+-+--()3a a -<()()12a a --即证(3)(1)(2)a a a a -<--;即证02<,显然成立;213a a a a ---19.已知二次函数y =ax 2+bx ﹣a +2.(1)若关于x 的不等式ax 2+bx ﹣a +2>0的解集是{x |﹣1<x <3},求实数a ,b 的值;(2)若b =2,a >0,解关于x 的不等式ax 2+bx ﹣a +2>0.【正确答案】(1)a =﹣1,b =2(2)见解析【分析】(1)根据一元二次不等式的解集性质进行求解即可;(2)根据一元二次不等式的解法进行求解即可.【详解】(1)由题意知,﹣1和3是方程ax 2+bx ﹣a +2=0的两根,所以132(1)3b a a a ⎧-+=-⎪⎪⎨-+⎪-⨯=⎪⎩,解得a =﹣1,b =2;(2)当b =2时,不等式ax 2+bx ﹣a +2>0为ax 2+2x ﹣a +2>0,即(ax ﹣a +2)(x +1)>0,所以()210a x x a -⎛⎫-+> ⎪⎝⎭,当21a a-=-即1a =时,解集为{}1x x ≠-;当21a a -<-即01a <<时,解集为2a x x a -⎧<⎨⎩或}1x >-;当21a a ->-即1a >时,解集为2a x x a -⎧>⎨⎩或}1x <-.20.(1)求函数()3f x x 在区间[]2,4上的值域.(2)已知二次函数2()1(R)f x x mx m m =-+-∈.函数在区间[]1,1-上的最小值记为()g m ,求()g m 的值域;【正确答案】(1)12,4⎤-⎦;(2)(]0-∞,【分析】(1)t =,可得函数()22()36318g t t tt t =--=+-,讨论其值域即可求解;(2)分类讨论二次函数的对称轴与给定区间[]1,1-的关系,分别表示出函数的最小值,表示为分段函数形式,作出图象即可求解.【详解】(1)函数()3f x x =,t =,则26x t =-∵[]2,4x ∈2t ≤≤那么函数()f x 转化为()22()36318g t t t t t =--=+-其对称轴16t =-,2t ≤≤时()g t 单调递增,∴()(2)g g t g ≤≤,12()4g t -≤≤-,故得()f x的值域为12,4⎤--⎦.(2)2()1f x x mx m =-+-,二次函数对称轴为2m x =,开口向上①若12m <-,即2m <-,此时函数()f x 在区间[]1,1-上单调递增,所以最小值()(1)2g m f m =-=.②若112m -≤≤,即22m -≤≤,此时当2m x =时,函数()f x 最小,最小值2()124m m g m f m ⎛⎫==-+- ⎪⎝⎭.③若12m >,即m>2,此时函数()f x 在区间[]1,1-上单调递减,所以最小值()(1)0g m f ==.综上22,2()1,2240,2m m m g m m m m <-⎧⎪⎪=-+--≤≤⎨⎪>⎪⎩,作出分段函数的图像如下,所以当2m <-时,()(,4);g m ∈-∞-当22m -≤≤时,[]4,0;g(m)∈-当m>2时,()0g m =,综上知()g m 的值域为(]0.,-∞21.今年,我国某企业为了进一步增加市场竞争力,计划在2023年利用新技术生产某款新手机.通过市场分析,生产此款手机全年需投入固定成本250万,每生产x (千部)手机,需另投入成本()R x 万元,且()2101001000,040100007018450,40x x x R x x x x ⎧++<<⎪=⎨+-≥⎪⎩,由市场调研知,每部手机售价0.7万元,且全年内生产的手机当年能全部销售完.(1)求2023年的利润()W x (万元)关于年产量x (千部)的函数关系式;(2)2023年产量为多少(千部)时,企业所获利润最大?最大利润是多少?【正确答案】(1)()2106001250,040100008200,40x x x W x x x x ⎧-+-<<⎪=⎨⎛⎫-++≥ ⎪⎪⎝⎭⎩(2)2023年产量为100(千部)时,企业所或利润最大,最大利润是8000万元【分析】(1)根据已知条件求得分段函数()W x 的解析式.(2)结合二次函数的性质、基本不等式求得()W x 的最大值以及此时的产量.【详解】(1)当040x <<时,()()22700101001000250106001250W x x x x x x =-++-=-+-;当40x ≥时,()100001000070070184502508200W x x x x x x ⎛⎫⎛⎫=-+--=-++ ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭;∴()2106001250,040100008200,40x x x W x x x x ⎧-+-<<⎪=⎨⎛⎫-++≥ ⎪⎪⎝⎭⎩;(2)若040x <<,()()210307750W x x =--+,当30x =时,()max 7750W x =万元;若40x ≥,()10000820082008000W x x x ⎛⎫=-++≤-= ⎪⎝⎭,当且仅当10000x x=即100x =时,()max 8000W x =万元.答:2023年产量为100(千部)时,企业所或利润最大,最大利润是8000万元.22.已知()11282,0,11f x f x x x x x ⎛⎫+=+-≠≠ ⎪-⎝⎭,(1)求()f x 的解析式;(2)已知()()()22,22g x mx mx g x x f x m =--<-+在()1,3上有解,求m 的取值范围.【正确答案】(1)1()2f x x=+,0,1x x ≠≠;(2)3m <.【分析】(1)根据给定条件,用11,1x x x--依次替换x ,再消元求解作答.(2)由(1)结合已知,变形不等式,分离参数构造函数,求出函数在()1,3的最大值作答.【详解】(1)0,1x x ≠≠,11()2()821f x f x x x +=+--,用11x-替换x 得:11()2912()1x f f x x x x -+=-+--,则有1114()4()8222(9)1011x f x f x x x x x x x --=+---+=-+---,用1x x-替换x 得:1112()2()82(1)711x f f x x x x x x x -+=+--=++--,于是得99()18f x x =+,则1()2f x x=+,所以()f x 的解析式为1()2f x x=+,0,1x x ≠≠.(2)(1,3)x ∈,2221()()22(2)22g x x f x m mx mx x m x-<-+⇔--+<-+,即22(2)22m x x x x -+<++,于是得22222x x m x x ++<-+,令2222(),132x x h x x x x ++=<<-+,依题意,(1,3)x ∈,()m h x <有解,当(1,3)x ∈时,222223()22323()22222222[()][()]23333x x x x h x x x x x x x -++-==+=+-+-+-+--++322316219(2333x x =+≤+-++-,当且仅当1629233x x -=-,即2x =时取等号,因此当2x =时,max ()(2)3h x h ==,则3m <,所以m 的取值范围是3m <.。
安徽省2023-2024学年高一上学期第一次月考化学试题含解析
2023-2024学年高一上学期第一次月考(答案在最后)相对原子量:Cl:35.5Mn:55一、单选题(每题3分,共45分,每题只有一个最佳答案)1.下列诗文中隐含化学变化的是A.月落乌啼霜满天,江枫渔火对愁眠B.掬水月在手,弄花香满衣C.飞流直下三千尺,疑是银河落九天D.举头望明月,低头思故乡【答案】A【解析】【详解】A.渔火为燃烧发出的光,燃烧属于化学变化,A符合题意;B.花香是分子的运动,不属于化学变化,B不符合题意;C.水流的运动是物理过程,不属于化学变化,C不符合题意;D.光的传播是物理过程,不属于化学变化,D不符合题意;答案选A。
2.下列关于氧化物的叙述正确的是A.酸性氧化物都可以跟强碱溶液反应B.酸性氧化物都可以与水反应生成对应的酸C.金属氧化物都是碱性氧化物D.不能跟酸反应的氧化物一定能和碱反应【答案】A【解析】【详解】A.酸性氧化物都可以跟强碱溶液反应生成盐和水,A正确;B.酸性氧化物是和碱反应生成盐和水的氧化物,但不一定能与水反应生成对应的酸,B错误;C.金属氧化物可以是酸性氧化物、碱性氧化物或两性氧化物,如Mn2O7是酸性氧化物,Na2O是碱性氧化物,Al2O3是两性氧化物,C错误;D.不成盐氧化物NO、CO等是和酸、碱都不反应的氧化物,D错误;故选A。
3.给图中①~⑤选择适当的物质,使有连线的两物质能发生反应。
供选择的试剂有稀硫酸、二氧化碳、铜片、食盐、生石灰、一氧化碳、纯碱、铁片和木炭粉。
下列说法不正确的是A.单质①为铁B.氧化物③为CaOC.①与②反应为置换反应D.②与④反应为复分解反应【答案】B【解析】【分析】据单质①能和酸②发生化学反应,由题意可推知①应为活泼金属单质即为铁,而酸只有H2SO4,则氧化物④应为金属氧化物CaO,则氧化物③为酸性氧化物,即CO2,⑤属于盐且既能与稀硫酸反应,又能与CaO反应,则⑤应为Na2CO3,以此解答该题。
【详解】A.由题意单质①能和酸②发生化学反应,可推知①应为活泼金属单质即铁,而酸只有H2SO4,A 正确;B.酸②能与盐⑤反应,则⑤为Na2CO3,氧化物④能与盐⑤反应,则④为CaO,氧化物③能与氧化物④反应,则③为CO2,B错误;C.①和②反应的化学方程式为Fe+H2SO4=FeSO4+H2↑,为置换反应,C正确;D.②和④反应的化学方程式为H2SO4+CaO=CaSO4+H2O,为复分解反应,D正确;故答案为:B。
江苏省南通市2022-2023学年高一(上)第一次月考调研数学试卷(解析版)
江苏省南通中学2022-2023学年高一(上)月考数学试卷一.选择题:本题共8小题,每小题5分,共40分。
在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项是符合题目要求的。
1. 下列各式中关系符号运用正确的是( ) A. {}10,1,2⊆ B. {}{}0,1,2∅⊆ C.{}2,0,1∅⊆D. {}{}10,1,2∈【答案】C【解析】【详解】根据元素和集合的关系是属于和不属于,所以选项A 错误; 根据集合与集合的关系是包含或不包含,所以选项D 错误;B 选项二者集合中元素种类不同,无包含关系,所以选项B 错误,故选项C 正确. 故选:C.2.已知对数式(1)2log 4a a+-有意义,则a 的取值范围为( ) A .()1,4- B .()()1,00,4-C .()()4,00,1-D .()4,1-【答案】B【解析】由题意可知:101110244a a a a a a⎧⎪+>>-⎧⎪⎪+≠⇔≠⎨⎨⎪⎪<⎩⎪>-⎩,解之得:14a -<<且0a ≠.故选:B3. 已知x R ∈,则“31x -<”是“260x x --+<”的( ) A. 充分不必要条件 B. 必要不充分条件 C. 充要条件 D. 既不充分也不必要条件【答案】A 【解析】【详解】由31x -<,得24x <<,由260x x --+<,得()()230x x -+>,即2x >或3x <-;所以“31x -<”是“260x x --+<”的充分不必要条件. 故选:A.4. 已知22221,22P a b c Q a b c=+++=+,则( ) A. P Q B. P Q =C. P QD. ,P Q 的大小无法确定【答案】C 【解析】()()()22222221122110P Q a b c a b a b c c c ⎛⎫⎛⎫-=+++-+=-+-+-≥ ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭,故0P Q -≥,所以P Q ≥. 故选:C.5. 若集合3|01x A x x -=≥+⎧⎫⎨⎬⎩⎭,{|10}B x ax =+≤,若B A ⊆,则实数a 的取值范围是( ) A. 1,13⎡⎫-⎪⎢⎣⎭B. 1,13⎛-⎤⎥⎝⎦C. (,1)[0,)-∞-+∞D. 1[,0)(0,1)3-【答案】A 【解析】因为301x x -≥+,所以()()10310x x x +≠⎧⎨-+≥⎩,所以1x <-或3x ≥,所以{|1A x x =<-或}3x ≥,当0a =时,10≤不成立,所以B =∅,所以B A ⊆满足, 当0a >时,因为10ax +≤,所以1x a≤-, 又因为B A ⊆,所以11-<-a,所以01a <<, 当0a <时,因为10ax +≤,所以1x a≥-,又因为B A ⊆,所以13a -≥,所以103a -≤<, 综上可知:1,13a ⎡⎫∈-⎪⎢⎣⎭. 故选:A. 6.已知48a=,296m n ==,且112b m n+=,则a b +=( ) A .2 B .18C .116D .52【答案】D 【解析】48a =,296m n ==,4lg83log 8lg42a ∴===, 2log 6m ∴=,9log 6n =,∴61log 2m =,61log 9n= 661log 2log 912b ∴=+=52a b ∴+=故选:D7. 若两个正实数x , y 满足1212x y +=且存在这样的x , y 使不等式222yx k k +<+有解,则实数k 的取值范围是( ) A. (2,4)- B. (4,2)-C. ()(),42,-∞-+∞D. (,3)(0,)-∞-+∞【答案】C 【解析】【详解】解:正实数x ,y 满足1212x y +=,222222821222y y x y x x x y y x ⎛⎛⎫⎛⎫⎛⎫∴+=⋅++=⋅++⋅+= ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎝⎭⎝⎭⎝⎭⎝当且仅当22x y y x =且1212x y +=,即4x =,8y =时取等号, 存在x ,y 使不等式222yx k k +<+有解, 282k k ∴<+,解可得2k或4k <-,即()(),42,k ∈-∞-+∞,故选:C .8.已知集合{1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8}S =,对于它的任一非空子集A ,可以将A 中的每一个元素k 都乘以(1)k -再求和,例如{2,3,8}A =,则可求得和为238(1)2(1)3(1)87-⋅+-⋅+-⋅=,对S 的所有非空子集,这些和的总和为( ) A .508 B .512 C .1020 D .1024【答案】B【分析】由集合的子集个数的运算及简单的合情推理可得;这些总和是72(12345678)512-+-+-+-+=. 【详解】因为元素1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8在集合S 的所有非空子集中分别出现72次,则对S 的所有非空子集中元素k 执行乘以(1)k -再求和操作,则这些和的总和是7123456782[(1)1(1)2(1)3(1)4(1)5(1)6(1)7(1)8]-⨯+-⨯+-⨯+-⨯+-⨯+-⨯+-⨯+-⨯72(12345678)512=-+-+-+-+=.故选B【点睛】本题主要考查了集合的子集及子集个数,简单的合情推理,属于中档题.二.多选题:本题共4小题,每小题5分,共20分。
2023-2023邢台一中高一上第一次月考
2023-2024邢台一中高一上第一次月考一、考试概况1. 考试时间•考试日期:2023年9月1日至9月3日•考试时长:每科目120分钟2. 考试科目本次月考包含以下科目:•语文•数学•英语•物理•化学•生物•历史•政治•地理3. 考试范围根据课程教学大纲,本次月考内容将涵盖高一上学期所有教材内容。
4. 考试形式本次月考采用闭卷形式,考生需要根据试卷提供的题目进行答题。
考试期间不允许交流和使用任何学习资料。
二、考试安排1. 考试时间安排本次月考考试日期及时间安排如下:•9月1日上午:语文、数学•9月1日下午:英语、物理•9月2日上午:化学、生物•9月2日下午:历史、政治•9月3日上午:地理每科考试时间为两个小时,考试开始前15分钟分发试卷。
2. 考试地点本次月考考试地点为邢台一中校内的指定教室,具体教室安排将在考试前公布于学校官方网站。
3. 考试须知•考生需携带学生证和文具等必备用品参加考试。
•考试期间需要保持安静,不得交流和使用手机等电子设备。
三、考试内容与要求1. 各科考试内容各科目考试内容的主要范围如下:•语文:包括课本知识、阅读理解和写作等。
•数学:涵盖代数、几何、函数等相关知识。
•英语:主要包括单词拼写、语法选择、阅读理解和写作等。
•物理:考察力学、热学、光学等相关知识。
•化学:涵盖化学原理、化学方程式、化学键等内容。
•生物:考察细胞生物学、遗传学、生物进化等知识点。
•历史:主要包括中国古代历史和现代史的相关内容。
•政治:涉及政治理论、党的基本知识、国家法律相关内容。
•地理:主要包括地球与地图、人口与城市、区域可持续发展等。
2. 考试要求•考生需按照题目要求进行答题,答案清晰、规范、易于阅读。
•作文要求结构合理,内容充实,表达准确,篇幅在800字以上。
•在考试期间,不得抄袭、作弊等行为,一经发现将按相关规定进行处理。
四、考试评分与成绩公布1. 评分标准考试成绩将根据题目难度和答题情况进行评分,各科目考试成绩的评分标准将在考试后由教师组进行确定。
2023—2024学年度上学期第一次月考考试高一生物试卷含答案解析
2023—2024学年度上学期第一次月考考试高一生物试卷一、单选题(共30 分)1.下列生物中,细胞结构与其它三种明显不同的是()A.菠菜B.苋菜C.生菜D.发菜【答案】D【分析】一些常考生物的类别:常考的真核生物:绿藻、水绵、衣藻、真菌(如酵母菌、霉菌、蘑菇)、原生动物(如草履虫、变形虫)及动、植物。
常考的原核生物:蓝藻(如颤藻、发菜、念珠藻)、细菌(如乳酸菌、硝化细菌、大肠杆菌、肺炎双球菌等)、支原体、衣原体、放线菌。
此外,病毒既不是真核生物,也不是原核生物。
【详解】菠菜、苋菜和生菜都属于真核生物;发菜属于原核生物。
因此,细胞结构与其它三种明显不同的是发菜。
即D正确,ABC错误。
故选D。
2.冬季霜打后的白菜细胞液浓度升高,不易结冰。
有关叙述错误的是()A.该现象是白菜对低温环境的一种适应B.细胞内的自由水/结合水降低,细胞代谢减慢C.细胞内的结合水/自由水升高,抗寒能力减弱D.白菜变甜是因为可溶性糖增多,同时提高了抗冻能力【答案】C【分析】细胞内水以自由水和结合水的形式存在,自由水是良好的溶剂,是许多化学反应的介质,自由水还参与许多化学反应,自由水对于营养物质和代谢废物的运输具有重要作用;结合水是细胞结构的重要组成成分;自由水与结合水的比值越大,细胞代谢越旺盛,抗逆性越差,反之亦然。
【详解】A、“霜打”后白菜细胞的细胞液浓度升高,冰点降低,抗寒抗冻能力增强,这是白菜对低温环境的一种适应,A正确;BC、低温来临,自由水转化为结合水,细胞内的自由水减少,细胞代谢减慢,抗逆性(抗寒能力)增强,B正确,C错误;D、白菜变甜是因为可溶性糖增多,同时提高了细胞液的浓度,减少了自由水的含量,增强了白菜的抗冻能力,D正确。
故选C。
3.为鉴定脱脂奶粉是否脱脂,应选用的化学试剂是()A.碘液B.斐林试剂C.苏丹Ⅲ溶液D.双缩脲试剂【答案】C【分析】生物大分子的检测方法:蛋白质与双缩脲试剂产生紫色反应;淀粉遇碘液变蓝;还原糖与斐林试剂在水浴加热的条件下产生砖红色沉淀;观察DNA和RNA的分布,需要使用甲基绿吡罗红染色,DNA可以被甲基绿染成绿色,RNA可以被吡罗红染成红色,脂肪需要使用苏丹Ⅲ(苏丹Ⅳ)染色,使用酒精洗去浮色以后在显微镜下观察,可以看到橘黄色(红色)的脂肪颗粒。
2023年高一第一次月考试卷带参考答案和解析(山东省微山县第二中学)
选择题郑徐高铁的开通运营改善了沿线人民群众的出行条件,并带动了沿线旅游、商贸、餐饮等第三产业快速发展,为区域经济协调可持续发展带来新的发展机遇。
这说明( )①生产决定消费的方式、质量和水平②生产为消费创造动力③消费对生产的调整与升级具有导向作用④消费是生产的目的A. ①③B. ②③C. ①④D. ②④【答案】A【解析】题目中,该高铁的开通改善了沿线人民群众的出行条件,带动相关产业的发现说明了生产决定消费的方式、质量和水平,故①选项正确。
该高铁的开通为区域经济协调可持续发展带来新的发展机遇,说明了消费对生产的调整与升级具有导向作用,故③选项正确。
②④选项在题目中没有体现。
选A。
选择题“饿了么”是一家中国知名的在线外卖订餐平台,已覆盖中国数百个城市、数千万用户。
它并不是在自己的中央厨房做好快餐,然后配送给客户,而是到客户附近的餐厅采购其心仪的美食,再进行配送。
上述材料说明,在互联网时代①运用互联网技术是提高企业市场竞争力的关键②社会分工进一步加深,生产的组织与协作进一步加强③人们消费的方式、质量、水平得到了进一步发展④一个新的消费热点的出现,带动了一个产业的出现和成长A. ①③B. ②③C. ②④D. ①④【答案】B【解析】①选项错误,运用互联网技术是提高企业市场竞争力一个重要方面,但不是关键。
④选项在题目中没有体现。
题目中,外卖平台“饿了么”并不是在自己的中央厨房做好快餐,然后配送给客户,而是到客户附近的餐厅采购其心仪的美食,再进行配送,说明了社会分工进一步加深,生产的组织与协作进一步加强,人们消费的方式、质量、水平得到了进一步发展。
故②③选项表述正确入选。
选B。
选择题近年来,随着互联网技术的发展,网络购物日渐成为人们购物的新时尚。
这说明( )①生产决定消费的方式②生产决定消费的质量和水平③居民的购买力不断提高④居民的消费结构不断优化A. ①②B. ①③C. ②④D. ③④【答案】A【解析】根据题目的表述,随着互联网技术的发展,网络购物日渐成为人们购物的新时尚,说明了人们消费方式发生了改变,人们消费的质量与水平得到了提升,即生产决定消费的方式,生产决定消费的质量和水平,故①②选项表述正确入选。
2023-2024高一上学期第一次英语月考试卷
2023-2024学年永安三中高中校高一(上)第一次月考英语试卷(考试时间:120分钟满分:100分)第Ⅰ卷第一部分听力(共两节,满分20分)第一节(共5小题;每小题1分,满分5分)听下面5段对话。
每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项,并标在试卷的相应位置。
听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。
每段对话仅读一遍。
1. What does the woman recycle?A. Plastic.B. Paper.C. Glass.2. Where does the conversation take place?A. On the phone.B. In a restaurant.C. At home.3. What has the woman been doing during the holiday?A. Traveling.B. Doing exercise.C. Relaxing at home.4. How does Susan find walking?A. Tiring.B. Boring.C. Enjoyable.5. What does the woman mean?A. She doesn’t like opera.B. She would like to go with the man.C. She prefers to see the opera another day.第二节(共15小题)请听下面5段对话或独白,选出最佳选项。
请听第6段材料,回答第6、7题。
6. Who is John?A. Edgar’s classmate.B. Edgar’s roommate.C. Edgar’s secretary.7. When will Edgar hand in the paper?A. Before 1:00.B. After 3:00.C. Sometime between 2:00 and 3:00.听第7段材料,回答第8至10题。
2023-2024学年高一化学 第一次月考试卷
班级:姓名:准考证号:2023-2024学年第一学期第一次月测试高一化学试题可能用到的相对原子量:N 14 O 16 Mg 24 Al 27 S 32 Cl 35.5一、单项选择题:共26题,每题3分,共78分1.下列反应不属于氧化还原反应的是()A:2Na+2H O=2NaOH+H2 B:CuO+CO高温Cu+CO2C:Fe+2FeCI3=3FeCI2 D:SO2+2NaOH= Na2SO3+H2O2.下列说法错误的是()A.置换反应一定是氧化还原反应B.分解反应可能是氧化还原反应C.化合反应不可能是氧化还原反应D.凡是氧化还原反应,不可能是复分解反应3.已知硫酸中含有3.01×1023个氧原子,硫酸的物质的量是() A.0.500 mol B.0.250 molC.0.125 mol D.1.00 mol4.下列叙述正确的是()A.NaCl溶液能导电,所以NaCl溶液是电解质B.铜能导电,所以是电解质C.H2S水溶液能导电,所以H2S是电解质D.SO3溶于水能导电,所以SO3是电解质5.下列混合物可用结晶法分离的是()A. 氯酸钾中混有少量二氧化锰B. 水中混有少量酒精C. 硝酸钾中混有少量氯化钠D. 氯化钾中混有少量碳酸钙6.分离下列混合物,按溶解、过滤、蒸发的操作顺序进行的是()A.碳酸钙和硫酸钡 B.氯化钾和硝酸银C.二氧化锰和氯化钾 D.铁粉和铜粉7.下列各组混合物中,不能用分液漏斗分离的是()A.汽油和水 B.CCl4和水C.汽油和NaOH溶液 D.酒精和水8.现有三组溶液:①汽油和氯化钠溶液②39%的乙醇溶液③氯化钠和单质溴的水溶液,分离以上各混合液的正确方法依次是()A.分液、萃取、蒸馏 B.分液、蒸馏、萃取C.萃取、蒸馏、分液 D.蒸馏、萃取、分液9.在实验室从自来水制取蒸馏水的实验中,下列说法错误的是( ) A.开始蒸馏时,应该先加热,再开冷凝水,蒸馏完毕,应该先关冷凝水再撤酒精灯B.温度计的水银球放在支管口附近,但不能插入液面C.冷凝水应该是下进上出,与蒸气的流向相反D.烧瓶中要放入碎瓷片防止暴沸10.在不引入新杂质的情况下,分离FeCl3、KCl、BaSO4的混合物,应选用的一组试剂是()A.水、硝酸银溶液、稀硝酸 B.水、氢氧化钾溶液、稀盐酸C.水、氢氧化钠溶液、稀盐酸D.水、氢氧化钾溶液、稀硝酸11.萃取碘水中的碘,可用的萃取剂是①四氯化碳②汽油③酒精( )A.只有① B.①和②C.①和③ D.①②③12.下列物质属于电解质的是( )①H2SO4 ②蔗糖③Na2CO3④Cu ⑤CO2A.①②③ B.①③C.①③⑤D.④13.雾在日光照射下可观察到丁达尔效应,雾属于分散系中的( ) A.胶体 B.溶液C.悬浊液 D.乳浊液14.下列物质属于非电解质的是( )A.HCl B.Cl2 C.CH3CH2OH D.HClO15.进行焰色试验时,通常用来洗涤铂丝的试剂是()A.NaOH溶液 B.H2SO4 C.HNO3 D.盐酸16.下列实验现象描述正确的是( )A.碘水中加入少量汽油振荡,静置后上层颜色变浅,下层颜色变为紫红色B.红热的铜丝在氯气中燃烧,产生了棕黄色的雾C.用四氯化碳萃取可以分离酒精与水的混合物D.溴水溶液中加入少量四氯化碳振荡,静置后上层颜色变浅,下层颜色变为橙红色17.下列有关实验操作正确的是()A.蒸馏实验中温度计的水银球应插入液态混合物中B.用酒精可以萃取碘水中的碘C.从试剂瓶中取用钠做实验,多余的钠不应放回原试剂瓶D.分液时,打开旋塞,使下层液体从分液漏斗下口流出,上层液体从上口流出18.将100mL 0.5mol/L NaOH溶液加水稀释到500mL,稀释后,溶液中NaOH的物质的量浓度为()A.0.3 mol/L B.0.03 mol/L C.0.05mol/L D.0.1mol/L 19.已知下列溶液的溶质都是强电解质,这些溶液中的Cl-浓度与50mL 1mol·L-1 MgCl2溶液的Cl-浓度相等的是()A.150mL 1mol·L-1 NaCl溶液B.75mL 2mol·L-1 CaCl2溶液C.150mL 2mol·L-1 KCl溶液D.75mL 1mol·L-1 AlCl3溶液20.下列分类不正确的是A.熔融的氯化钠是电解质B.盐酸溶液属于非电解质C.雾属于胶体,当用激光笔照射时,可以看到丁达尔现象D.置换反应一定属于氧化还原反应21.下列物质属于电解质的是()A.硫酸钡 B.氨水C.乙醇D.三氧化硫22.当光束通过下列物质时,不会出现丁达尔效应的是()①氢氧化铁胶体②水③有尘埃的空气④蔗糖溶液⑤硫酸铜溶液A.①②④ B.①③⑤C.①③④D.②④⑤23.下列混合物的分离方法不可行的是()A.互溶的液体混合物可以用分液的方法进行分离B.四氯化碳和水的混合物可以用分液的方法进行分离C.沸点不同的液体混合物可以用蒸馏的方法进行分离D.可溶于水的固体与难溶于水的固体的混合物可用溶解、过滤的方法进行分离24.下列物质的分类组合正确的是25.下列实验操作或事故处理正确的是()A.实验结束后,用嘴吹灭酒精灯B.把水加入到浓硫酸中来配置稀硫酸C.金属Na着火,立即用水扑灭D.实验桌上的酒精灯倾倒了燃烧起来,马上用湿布扑灭26.阿伏加德罗常数的值为N A,下列说法正确的是()A.标准状况下,2.24L酒精中含有0.1N A个分子B.常温常压下,64g氧气含有的分子数为N AC.在标准状况下,22.4L氧气和臭氧混合气体的分子总数为N A D.2mol/L的CaCl2溶液中Cl-的数目为4N A二、解答题27.(共10分,每问2分)填空(1)标准状况下,4.48L O2的物质的量为,质量为;(2)标准状况下,3.01×1024个N2的质量是,体积为;(3)标准状况下,一定量的CO2中含6.02×1023个氧原子,则CO2体积为。
湖南师大附中 2023-2024 学年度高一第一学期第一次月考数学试卷
湖南师大附中2023-2024学年度高一第一学期第一次大练习(月考)数 学时量:120分钟 满分:150分得分:_________一、选择题(本大题共8个小题,每小题5分,共40分.在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项是符合题意的.请在答题卡中填涂符合题意的选项.) 1.设集合{}13A x x =≤≤,{}24B x x =<<,则A B =( )A .{}23x x <≤ B .{}23x x ≤≤C .{}14x x ≤<D .{}14x x <<2.命题:“x ∀∈R ,2x x ≠”的否定是( )A .x ∀∉R ,2x x ≠B .x ∀∈R ,2x x=C .x ∃∉R ,2x x ≠D .x ∃∈R ,2x x =3.一元二次不等式2144x x −≥的解集是( )A .72,4⎡⎤−⎢⎥⎣⎦B .7,24⎡⎤−⎢⎥⎣⎦C .74,2⎡⎤−⎢⎥⎣⎦D .7,42⎡⎤−⎢⎥⎣⎦4.已知2x >,则442x x +−的最小值是( ) A .4B .8C .12D .165.设()22M a a =−,()()13N a a =+−,则有( )A .M N >B .M N ≥C .M N <D .M N≤6.已知{}31,M x x m m ==−∈Z ,{}32,N x x n n ==+∈Z ,{61P x x p ==−,}p ∈Z ,则下列结论正确的是( )A .M PN = B .P M N = C .M N P ⊆ D .N M P⊆7.命题“[]1,2x ∀∈,1120ax x+≥”为真命题的一个充分不必要条件是( ) A .1a ≥− B .2a ≥− C .3a ≥− D .4a ≥− 8.在一次调查中,甲、乙、丙、丁四名同学阅读量有如下关系:同学甲、丙阅读量之和与乙、丁阅读量之和相同,同学丙、丁阅读量之和大于甲、乙阅读量之和,乙的阅读量大于甲、丁阅读量之和.那么这四名同学中阅读量最大的是( )A .甲B .乙C .丙D .丁二、选择题(本大题共4个小题,每小题5分,共20分。
2023-2024学年高一上学期第一次月考英语试卷 附答案
2023-2024学年高一上学期第一次月考英语学科试卷(考试时间:120分钟满分:150分)第I卷第一部分听力(共两节,满分30分)第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分,满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。
每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。
听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。
每段对话仅读一遍。
1. What does the man order?A. Eggs.B. Salad.C. A cup of tea.2. Why did the woman give the man a bad grade?A. He turned in his paper late.B. She can’t read his handwriting.C. She thought h is paper didn’t have a name.3. What will the boy do?A. Call his mother.B. Go home.C. Watch the girl from the window.4. Where did the man get the book?A. From the library.B. From the woman.C. From a bookstore.5. What will the woman probably do?A. Mail a letter.B. Put gas in her car.C. Go shopping for food.第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分,满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。
每段对话或独白后有几个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。
听每段对话或独白前,你将有时间阅读各个小题,每小题5秒钟;听完后,各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。
每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料,回答第6、7题。
2023-2024学年天津市天津中学高一上学期第一次月考英语试题
2023-2024学年天津市天津中学高一上学期第一次月考英语试题1. —How often do you eat out?—_____, but usually once a week.A.I have no idea B.It depends C.As usual D.Sounds good 2. I felt very happy to get a one-month break from work last year I could travel with my family to Paris.A.where B.whenC.which D.that3. Listen! There must be someone ______ through the jungle.A.walk B.walking C.to walk D.is walking4. Your______towards life determines how happy you are in daily life.A.supply B.lecture C.attitude D.fault5. The movie Jaws made people ______ of sharks, especially of the great white sharks.A.frighten B.to frighten C.frightening D.frightened6. We packed all the books in the boxes_____they wouldn’t get damaged.A.as if B.so that C.in case D.even if7. Every possible method_____, but none seems to make things work out.A.has been tried B.tried C.is being tried D.has tried8. —You are a great swimmer.—Thanks. It’s because I ______ a lot these days.A.have been practising B.was practisingC.would practise D.had practised9. All the students felt discouraged because the exercise was the abilities of most of the class.A.under B.beyondC.against D.over10. You'll find taxis waiting at the station you can hire to reach your host family.A.where B.which C.by which D.on which11. —I’m sorry for breaking the cup.—Oh, _________一I’ve got plenty.A.forget it B.my pleasure C.help yourself D.pardon me12. —What do you think of teaching,Bob?—I find it fun and challenging.It is a job ________ you are doing something serious but interesting.A.where B.which C.when D.that13. The government has already taken action to prevent people________driving after drinking.A.with B.for C.from D.against14. His young sister is always curious ________ everything about physics and her dream is to be a physicist in the future.A.in B.with C.about D.of15. _________the advances in technology, people can communicate with each other online.A.In addition to B.Thanks to C.In spite of D.According toI started volunteering at a soup kitchen several years ago. The original reason I was going was to___________ community service hours for school. My plan was to __________ go there a few times and get my service hours, but it taught me a lot. The typical volunteer there served__________ to people.Basically, I was ____________ serving bread and juice to whoever wanted it, which was a simple task. Some of the people were homeless, and some of them were __________ families. All of them were people in need of a hot meal and a place to __________ for an hour or several minutes.____________ some of them looked like they weren't behaving well, we always took care of them. The first time I went there was right before Christmas. For the people coming to the soup kitchen, it was not exactly a ____________ time. It made me think about my happy Christmas and made me feel how__________ I was. Unlike them, I have a home and I don't __________ cold or hunger. At that point, I decided that I ____________ wanted to go back there. I couldn't offer them much, but I could always offer my time and ____________. The experience also gives me a feeling of___________. Whenever I go there , people are __________ that I showed up again . They know my name and they know that I am more than happy to ___________ them. It truly feels good to know that you can ___________ someone's day. I've realized that the feeling of doing good for people can be a better ___________than any amount of money. You can't buy that feeling.I have never ___________ a single second of my volunteering. It ___________ me that dozens of cities have made it illegal to set up a soup kitchen. But I will continue my volunteer work and find more ways to show my ____________ to people in need.16.A.reduce B.avoid C.complete D.cancel17.A.yet B.just C.even D.still18.A.food B.work C.time D.money 19.A.tired of B.worried about C.responsible for D.free from 20.A.busy B.serious C.experienced D.struggling 21.A.hide B.rest C.live D.study22.A.Although B.If C.Because D.Until23.A.available B.strange C.pleasant D.painful 24.A.wise B.honest C.curious D.fortunate 25.A.turn down B.suffer from C.pass down D.learn from 26.A.definitely B.gradually C.equally D.hardly 27.A.reason. B.effort C.chance D.patience 28.A.stability B.guilt C.loss D.appreciation 29.A.grateful B.confident C.proud D.shocked 30.A.change B.leave C.forget D.help31.A.describe B.waste C.brighten D.disturb 32.A.reward B.excuse C.risk D.mistake33.A.planned B.regretted C.forgiven D.understood34.A.reminds B.confuses C.encourages D.disappoints35.A.talent B.concern C.kindness D.weakness Yesterday after work, the boss told me I was fired. When I walked along a riverbed sadly, I suddenly realized it was New Year’s Day, a day to start afresh.I passed by a man holding his son, one or two years old. The baby’s face was in pure joy, and his innocent eyes were full of wonder. The simple sweetness of the baby made me moved.Walking on, I saw a young couple repairing their bicycle. They smiled at me and said, “Happy New Year!” I smiled and wished them the same. It was a simple thing, but for a moment it brought me a sudden joy.I kept walking, enjoying the cheerful singing of birds. With people around laughing out loud, an old woman immersed herself in her sewing. She didn’t seem either happy or sad. A feeling of timeless peace flowed through me and all fear of what the future might bring disappeared. I thanked her in my heart, and moved on.As I reached home, I was filled with great thanks and hope for life, which took me a long time to find. Actually, happiness could be simple and easy. Now I knew whatever the New Year would bring, there would be joy and enough love to help me through the hard times we all had to face.“Happy New Year!” I said to myself.36. What did the writer’s boss tell him after work?A.It was New Year’s Day.B.He was fired.C.He needed a day to relax. D.He had a day off.37. When seeing the little baby, the writer was moved by his ________.A.age B.laughing C.innocence D.crying38. When the writer saw the young couple, they were ________.A.repairing their bicycle B.waiting for the writerC.watching the passers-by D.celebrating the New Year39. How did the writer feel when he saw the old woman?A.Lucky. B.Hopeless. C.Fearful. D.Thankful.40. What can we learn from the passage?A.Greetings make people polite. B.Happiness could be simple and easy.C.Walking makes people energetic. D.Friendship lies in getting together.Common Sense Media(媒体),a group that helps children, parents and teachers better understand media and technology, did a study. It paid attention to all kinds of activities about media, from old ways like reading and listening to the radio, to new favorites like using social media and video chatting. More than 2,600 teens were surveyed. Here are some truths and myths(荒诞的说法) the study found:Truth 1: Some teens spend too much time looking at screens.One in five teens use more than six hours of screen media each day, and 18% of teens are looking at their screens for more than 10 hours a day. Often they watch television on one while chatting with friends on another.Myth 1: This is the end of reading.The average (平均的)time young people spend reading, either in print or on a screen, is only 30 minutes a day. However, teens who took the survey say reading is one of their favorite activities.Truth 2: Boys prefer video games; girls prefer social media.Among teen boys, 71% enjoy playing video games, twice as many as teen girls. And while more than 25% of teen boys list playing video games as their favorite media activity,only 2% of teen girls do. What’s more, teen girls spend about 40 minutes more each day on social media than boys do. Myth 2: TV and music have been muscled out(强行逐出)For teens,TV is still the top media activity.They enjoy it the most and watch it every day. In fact, 47% of teens have TV sets in their bedrooms. For teens, music is the main form of amusement. However,only about a third listen to music on the radio. Most teens listen on their smartphones. 41. What can we learn from Truth 1?A.Teens prefer to watch TV rather than chat with friendsB.Teen boys spend more time on screens than teen girls.C.20% of teens spend more than 6 hours on screens a dayD.Teens spend too much time chatting with friends online.42. As for reading in the survey, teens ________.A.think it is enjoyableB.prefer to read at schoolC.think it is a cheap hobbyD.prefer to read on a screen43. What percent of teen girls enjoy playing video games?A.About 2%. B.About 25%. C.About 35%. D.About 70%. 44. What can we learn from Myth 2?A.TV and music have been muscled out.B.Most teens hope to have their own smartphones.C.More than half teens have TV sets in their bedrooms.D.It’s popular for teens to listen to music on smartphones.45. What is the subject of the survey?A.Teens’reading activities.B.Teens’ interests and hobbies.C.Media and technology in teens’life.D.The influence of social media on teens.In the city I live in, we have a small local national park full of trees. I like that place very much, although I do wish it was bigger.One day, I was walking around in the park along a path (小路) when I saw a beautiful squirrel (松鼠) lying in the middle of the path. I stopped and found that there was something wrong with one of its legs.Just at that time, a man with two little kids was behind me. They were my neighbors. They were going up the same path. I said hello to them. The dad asked me, “Why are you standing still here?” I said,“Look! Here is a beautiful squirrel, but....” Noticing the squirrel, one of the kids shouted, “Quickly dad, catch it for me. I want to put it in my birdcage.” His brot her nodded, asking their dad to catch the squirrel.Then I stopped them.“Please wait. Do you really want to catch it and put it into the birdcage?” My neighbor said, “Yes. I will catch it and take it home.” I said angrily, “Animals are our friends and this is the last place in our city that the squirrel can live in. We must protect them. If we are kind to this tiny animal then we can start to be kind to bigger ones.” My neighbor smiled and said,“You misunderstood me. I will take it home and cure (治疗) it and when it is well, I will take it back to the park and set it free. Do you come long with me?”After hearing his words, I became happy. I followed him with the injured squirrel to his home. A few days later, when the squirrel was well, we took it back to the park and sent it free.I felt glad that we did a good thing. We should protect animals.46. Where did the author see the squirrel?A.In his back yard. B.In a small birdcage.C.In a local park. D.In his neighbor’s home.47. What do you know about the squirrel?A.It was injured. B.It was lost.C.It was dead. D.It was dirty.48. How did the author feel when hearing the neighbor’s words at first?A.Doubtful. B.Excited. C.Anxious. D.Angry.49. What happened to the squirrel in the end?A.It was killed.B.It was sold.C.It was sent back to the park.D.It was kept in the birdcage.50. The story inspires people to ________.A.treat animals friendlyB.communicate with kids sometimesC.go to local parks more oftenD.get along well with neighborsRichard is a very a successful businessman. It is common for him to work hard with a non-stop. He wasn’t aware that he might wear himself out or die an early death until he overslept one morning, which was a sort of alarm. And then what happened? He had a week’s leave during which time he read novels, listened to music and walked with his wife on a beach, which has enabled Richard to return to work again.In our modern life, we have lost the rhythm between action and rest. Amazingly, within this world there is a universal but silly saying: “I am so busy.”We say this to one another as if our tireless efforts were a talent by nature and an ability to successfully deal with stress. The busier we are, the more important we seem to ourselves and, we imagine, to others. To be unavailable to our friends and family, and to be unable to find time to relax — this has become the model of a successful life.Because we do not rest, we lose our way. We miss the guide telling us where to go, the food providing us with strength, the quiet giving us wisdom.How have we allowed this to happen? I believe it is this: we have forgotten the Sabbath, the day of the week — for followers of some religions — for rest and praying. It is a day when we are not supposed to work, a time when we devote ourselves to enjoying and celebrating what is beautiful. Itis a good time to bless our children and loved ones, give thanks, share meals, walk and sleep. It is a time for us to take a rest, to put our work aside, trusting that there are larger forces at work taking care of the world.Rest is s spiritual and biological need; however, in our strong ambition to be successful and care for our many responsibilities, we may feel terribly guilty when we take time to rest. The Sabbath gives us permiss ion to stop work. In fact, “Remember the Sabbath” is more than simply permission to rest; it is a rule to obey and a principle to follow.51. What’s the function of the paragraph 1?A.To tell us that Richard lives a healthy life.B.To bring up the topic of the passage.C.To give us a brief introduction of RichardD.To tell Richard is a successful businessman.52. The “alarm” in the first paragraph refers to “_______”.A.a signal of stress B.a warning of dangerC.a sign of age D.a spread of disease53. According to Paragraph 3, a successful person is one who is believed to _______.A.be able to work without stress B.be more talented than other peopleC.be more important than anyone else D.be busying working without time to rest 54. According to the passage during the Sabbath, what we should do except _____.A.Praying for our family. B.Taking a good break.C.Only working for two hours. D.Enjoying delicious meal.55. What is the main idea of this passage?A.We should balance work with rest.B.The Sabbath gives us permission to rest.C.It is silly for anyone to say “I am busy.”D.We should be available to our family and friends.56. 假如你是李华,进入高中两个月有余了,你的朋友Jim来信想了解你的生活,特别是交友情况。
湖北省武汉市2023-2024学年高一上学期第一次月考数学试题含答案
武汉高一年级第一次月考(数学)(答案在最后)第Ⅰ卷一、单选题(本题共8小题,每小题5分,共40分,在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项是符合题目要求的)1.已知集合{}43A x x =∈-≤≤Z ,{}13B x x =∈+<N ,则A B = ()A.{}0,1 B.{}0,1,2 C.{}1,2 D.{}1【答案】A 【解析】【分析】化简集合,根据交集运算求解.【详解】根据题意,得{}{}=4,3,2,1,0,1,2,30,1A B ----=,,所以{}0,1A B = ,故选:A.2.设{}{}2712|0,0|2A x x x B x ax =-+==-=,若A B B = ,求实数a 组成的集合的子集个数有()A.2B.3C.4D.8【答案】D 【解析】【分析】先解方程得集合A ,再根据A B B = 得B A ⊆,根据包含关系求实数a ,根据子集的定义确定实数a 的取值组成的集合的子集的个数.【详解】{}{}271203,4|A x x x =-+==因为A B B = ,所以B A ⊆,因此B =∅或{}3B =或{}4B =,当B =∅时,=0a ,当{}3B =时,23a =,当{}4B =时,12a =,实数a 的取值组成的集合为210,,32⎧⎫⎨⎬⎩⎭,其子集有∅,{}0,23⎧⎫⎨⎬⎩⎭,12⎧⎫⎨⎬⎩⎭,20,3⎧⎫⎨⎬⎩⎭,10,2⎧⎫⎨⎬⎩⎭,21,32⎧⎫⎨⎬⎩⎭,210,,32⎧⎫⎨⎬⎩⎭,共8个,故选:D .3.下列结论中正确的个数是()①命题“所有的四边形都是矩形”是存在量词命题;②命题“2,10x R x ∀∈+<”是全称量词命题;③命题“2,210x R x x ∃∈++≤”的否定为“2,210x R x x ∀∈++≤”;④命题“a b >是22ac bc >的必要条件”是真命题;A.0 B.1C.2D.3【答案】C 【解析】【分析】根据存在量词命题、全称量词命题的概念,命题的否定,必要条件的定义,分析选项,即可得答案.【详解】对于①:命题“所有的四边形都是矩形”是全称量词命题,故①错误;对于②:命题“2R 10x x ∀∈+<,”是全称量词命题;故②正确;对于③:命题2:R,210p x x x ∃∈++≤,则2:R,210p x x x ⌝∀∈++>,故③错误;对于④:22ac bc >可以推出a b >,所以a b >是22ac bc >的必要条件,故④正确;所以正确的命题为②④,故选:C4.“0m >”是“x ∃∈R ,2(1)2(1)30m x m x -+-+≤是假命题”的()A.充分不必要条件B.必要不充分条件C.充要条件D.既不充分也不必要条件【答案】B 【解析】【分析】由命题“x ∃∈R ,2(1)2(1)30m x m x -+-+≤是假命题”,利用二次函数的性质,求得实数m 的取值范围,结合充分、必要条件的判定方法,即可求解.【详解】由题意,命题“x ∃∈R ,2(1)2(1)30m x m x -+-+≤是假命题”可得命题“x ∀∈R ,2(1)2(1)30m x m x -+-+>是真命题”当10m -=时,即1m =时,不等式30>恒成立;当10m -≠时,即1m ≠时,则满足()()210214130m m m ->⎧⎪⎨⎡⎤---⨯<⎪⎣⎦⎩,解得14m <<,综上可得,实数14m ≤<,即命题“x ∃∈R ,2(1)2(1)30m x m x -+-+≤是假命题”时,实数m 的取值范围是[1,4),又由“0m >”是“14m ≤<”的必要不充分条件,所以“0m >”是“x ∃∈R ,2(1)2(1)30m x m x -+-+≤是假命题”的必要不充分条件,故选:B.【点睛】理解全称命题与存在性命题的含义时求解本题的关键,此类问题求解的策略是“等价转化”,把存在性命题为假命题转化为全称命题为真命题,结合二次函数的性质求得参数的取值范围,再根据充分、必要条件的判定方法,进行判定.5.已知()f x =+,则函数(1)()1f xg x x +=-的定义域是()A.[2,1)(1,2]-⋃B.[0,1)(1,4]U C.[0,1)(1,2]⋃ D.[1,1)(1,3]-⋃【答案】A 【解析】【分析】先求出()f x 的定义域,结合分式函数分母不为零求出()g x 的定义域.【详解】()f x = ,10330x x x +≥⎧∴∴≤≤⎨-≥⎩,-1,()f x ∴的定义域为[]1,3x ∈-.又(1)()1f x g x x +=- ,1132210x x x -≤+≤⎧∴∴-≤≤⎨-≠⎩,且1x ≠.(1)()1f xg x x +∴=-的定义域是[2,1)(1,2]-⋃.故选:A6.已知0a >,0b >,且12111a b+=++,那么a b +的最小值为()A.1-B.2C.1+ D.4【答案】C 【解析】【分析】由题意可得()1211211a b a b a b ⎛⎫+=++++-⎪++⎝⎭,再由基本不等式求解即可求出答案.【详解】因为0a >,0b >,12111a b+=++,则()1211211211a b a b a b a b ⎛⎫+=+++-=++++- ++⎝⎭()2113211a b b a ++=++-++()21111111a b ba ++=++≥+=+++.当且仅当()2111112111a b b a a b⎧++=⎪⎪++⎨⎪+=⎪++⎩即2a b ⎧=⎪⎨⎪=⎩时取等.故选:C .7.若两个正实数x ,y 满足141x y +=,且不等式234y x m m +<-有解,则实数m 的取值范围是()A.{14}mm -≤≤∣ B.{0mm <∣或3}m >C .{41}mm -<<∣ D.{1mm <-∣或4}m >【答案】D 【解析】【分析】首先不等式转化为2min34y m m x ⎛⎫->+⎪⎝⎭,再利用基本不等式求最值,即可求解.【详解】若不等式234y x m m +<-有解,则2min 34y m m x ⎛⎫->+ ⎪⎝⎭,因为141x y +=,0,0x y >>,所以144224444y y x y x x x y y x ⎛⎫⎛⎫+=++=++≥+= ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭,当44x y y x =,即4y x =时,等号成立,4y x +的最小值为4,所以234m m ->,解得:4m >或1m <-,所以实数m 的取值范围是{1m m <-或4}m >.故选:D8.已知函数222,2,()366,2,x ax x f x x a x x ⎧--≤⎪=⎨+->⎪⎩若()f x 的最小值为(2)f ,则实数a 的取值范围为()A.[2,5]B.[2,)+∞C.[2,6]D.(,5]-∞【答案】A 【解析】【分析】分别求解分段函数在每一段定义区间内的最小值,结合函数在整体定义域内的最小值得到关于a 的不等式组,解不等式组得到a 的取值范围.【详解】当2x >时,3666126x a a a x +-≥=-,当且仅当6x =时,等号成立,即当2x >时,函数()f x 的最小值为126a -;当2x ≤时,2()22f x x ax =--,要使得函数()f x 的最小值为(2)f ,则满足2,(2)24126,a f a a ≥⎧⎨=-≤-⎩解得25a ≤≤.故选:A .二、多选题(本题共4小题,每小题5分,共20分,在每小题给出的选项中,有多项符合题目要求,全部选对得5分,部分选对得2分,有选错的得0分)9.下列函数在区间(2,)+∞上单调递增的是()A.1y x x=+B.1y x x =-C.14y x=- D.y =【答案】AB 【解析】【分析】求函数的单调区间,首先要确定函数的定义域,若存在定义域之外的元素,则不符合条件;对其他选项可根据特殊函数的单调性得出.【详解】由“对勾”函数的单调性可知,函数1y x x=+在(2,)+∞单调递增,A 正确;由y x =在(2,)+∞单调递增,1y x =在(2,)+∞单调递减,知1y x x=-在(2,)+∞单调递增,B 正确;函数14y x=-在4x =处无定义,因此不可能在(2,)+∞单调递增,C 错误;函数y =的定义域为(,1][3,)-∞⋃+∞,因此在(2,3)上没有定义,故不可能在(2,)+∞单调递增,D 错误.故选:AB.10.已知函数()221f x x x =++在区间[],6a a +上的最小值为9,则a 可能的取值为()A.2B.1C.12D.10-【答案】AD 【解析】【分析】根据二次函数的对称轴和开口方向进行分类讨论,即可求解.【详解】因为函数()221f x x x =++的对称轴为=1x -,开口向上,又因为函数()221f x x x =++在区间[],6a a +上的最小值为9,当16a a ≤-≤+,即71a -≤≤-时,函数()221f x x x =++的最小值为min ()(1)0f x f =-=与题干不符,所以此时不成立;当1a >-时,函数()221f x x x =++在区间[],6a a +上单调递增,所以2min ()()219f x f a a a ==++=,解得:2a =或4a =-,因为1a >-,所以2a =;当61a +<-,也即7a <-时,函数()221f x x x =++在区间[],6a a +上单调递减,所以2min ()(6)14499f x f a a a =+=++=,解得:10a =-或4a =-,因为7a <-,所以10a =-;综上:实数a 可能的取值2或10-,故选:AD .11.若0,0a b >>,且4a b +=,则下列不等式恒成立的是()A.228a b +≤B.114ab ≤ C.≤ D.111a b+≤【答案】C 【解析】【分析】利用重要不等式的合理变形可得()()2222a b a b +≥+,即可知A 错误;由基本不等式和不等式性质即可计算B 错误;由()22a b +≥即可求得C 正确;根据不等式中“1”的妙用即可得出111a b+≥,即D 错误.【详解】对于A ,由222a b ab +≥可得()()2222222a bab ab a b +≥++=+,又4a b +=,所以()()222216a ba b +≥+=,即228a b +≥,当且仅当2a b ==时等号成立,故A 错误;对于B ,由4a b +=可得4a b +=≥,即04<≤ab ,所以114ab ≥,当且仅当2a b ==时等号成立,即B 错误;对于C ,由a b +≥可得()22a b a b +≥++=,所以可得28≥+,即≤,当且仅当2a b ==时等号成立,即C 正确;对于D ,易知()11111111121444a b a b a b a b b a ⎛⎛⎫⎛⎫+=++=+++≥+= ⎪ ⎪ ⎝⎭⎝⎭⎝,即111a b +≥;当且仅当2a b ==时等号成立,可得D 错误;故选:C12.公元3世纪末,古希腊亚历山大时期的一位几何学家帕普斯发现了一个半圆模型(如图所示),以线段AB 为直径作半圆ADB ,CD AB ⊥,垂足为C ,以AB 的中点O 为圆心,OC 为半径再作半圆,过O 作OE OD ⊥,交半圆于E ,连接ED ,设BC a =,,(0)AC b a b =<<,则下列不等式一定正确的是().A.2a b+< B.2a b+<C.b >D.2a b+>【答案】AD 【解析】【分析】先结合图象,利用垂直关系和相似关系得到大圆半径2a b R +=,小圆半径2b ar -=,AD =,BD ==,再通过线段大小判断选项正误即可.【详解】因为AB 是圆O 的直径,则90ADB DAB DBA ∠=︒=∠+∠,因为CD AB ⊥,则=90ACD ∠︒,所以90DAB ADC ∠+∠=︒,故DBA ADC ∠=∠,易有ADC DBC ,故AC DCCD BC=,即2CD AC BC ab =⋅=,大圆半径2a b R +=,小圆半径22a b b ar a +-=-=,90ACD ∠=︒ ,222AC CD AD ∴+=,故AD ==,同理BD ==.选项A 中,,显然当0a b <<时AOD ∠是钝角,在AD 上可截取DM DO =,故OD AD <,即大圆半径R OD AD =<,故2a b+<,正确;选项B 中,当60BOD ∠=︒时,大圆半径R OD OB BD ===,有2a b+=选项C 中,Rt BCD △中,BD =,而AC b =,因为,AC BD 大小关系无法确定,故错误;选项D 中,大圆半径2a b R OD +==,小圆半径2b ar OC -==,=OD >2a b+>,故正确.故选:AD.【点睛】本题解题关键在于将选项中出现的数式均与图中线段长度对应相等,才能通过线段的长短比较反馈到数式的大小关系,突破难点.第Ⅱ卷三、填空题(本题共4小题,每小题5分,共20分)13.若一个集合是另一个集合的子集,则称两个集合构成“鲸吞”;若两个集合有公共元素,且互不为对方子集,则称两个集合构成“蚕食”,对于集合{}1,2A =-,{}22,0B x ax a ==≥,若这两个集合构成“鲸吞”或“蚕食”,则a 的取值集合为_____.【答案】10,,22⎧⎫⎨⎬⎩⎭【解析】【分析】分“鲸吞”或“蚕食”两种情况分类讨论求出a 值,即可求解【详解】当0a =时,B =∅,此时满足B A ⊆,当0a >时,B ⎧⎪=⎨⎪⎩,此时,A B 集合只能是“蚕食”关系,所以当,A B 集合有公共元素1=-时,解得2a =,当,A B 集合有公共元素2=时,解得12a =,故a 的取值集合为10,,22⎧⎫⎨⎬⎩⎭.故答案为:10,,22⎧⎫⎨⎬⎩⎭14.一家物流公司计划建立仓库储存货物,经过市场了解到下列信息:每月的土地占地费1y (单位:万元)与仓库到车站的距离x (单位:km )成反比,每月库存货物费2y (单位:万元)与x 成正比.若在距离车站10km 处建立仓库,则1y 与2y 分别为4万元和16万元.则当两项费用之和最小时x =______(单位:km ).【答案】5【解析】【分析】由已知可设:11k y x=,22y k x =,根据题意求出1k 、2k 的值,再利用基本不等式可求出12y y +的最小值及其对应的x 值,即可得出结论.【详解】由已知可设:11k y x=,22y k x =,且这两个函数图象分别过点()10,4、()10,16,得110440k =⨯=,2168105k ==,从而140y x=,()2805xy x =>,故12408165x y y x +=+≥=,当且仅当4085x x =时,即5x =时等号成立.因此,当5x =时,两项费用之和最小.故答案为:5.15.函数()f x 是定义在()0,∞+上的增函数,若对于任意正实数,x y ,恒有()()()f xy f x f y =+,且()31f =,则不等式()()82f x f x +-<的解集是_______.【答案】()8,9【解析】【分析】根据抽象函数的关系将不等式进行转化,利用赋值法将不等式进行转化结合函数单调性即可得到结论.【详解】()()()f xy f x f y =+ ,(3)f 1=,22(3)(3)(3)(33)(9)f f f f f ∴==+=⨯=,则不等式()(8)2f x f x +-<等价为(8)[](9)f x x f <-,函数()f x 在定义域(0,)+∞上为增函数,∴不等式等价为080(8)9x x x x >⎧⎪->⎨⎪-<⎩,即0819x x x >⎧⎪>⎨⎪-<<⎩,解得89x <<,∴不等式的解集为(8,9),故答案为:()8,9.16.已知1:123x p --≤,22:210q x x m -+-≤,若p ⌝是q ⌝的必要不充分条件,则实数m 的取值范围是______.【答案】(][),99,-∞-⋃+∞【解析】【分析】先分别求出命题p 和命题q 为真命题时表示的集合,即可求出p ⌝和q ⌝表示的集合,根据必要不充分条件所表示的集合间关系即可求出.【详解】对于命题p ,由1123x --≤可解出210x -≤≤,则p ⌝表示的集合为{2x x <-或}10x >,设为A ,对于命题q ,22210x x m -+-≤,则()()110x m x m 轾轾---+£臌臌,设q ⌝表示的集合为B , p ⌝是q ⌝的必要不充分条件,B∴A ,当0m >时,()()110x m x m 轾轾---+£臌臌的解集为{}11x m x m -≤≤+,则{1B x x m =<-或}1x m >+,12110m m -≤-⎧∴⎨+≥⎩,解得9m ≥;当0m =时,{}1B x x =≠,不满足题意;当0m <时,()()110x m x m 轾轾---+£臌臌的解集为{}11x m x m +≤≤-,则{1B x x m =<+或}1x m >-,12110m m +≤-⎧∴⎨-≥⎩,解得9m ≤-,综上,m 的取值范围是(][),99,-∞-⋃+∞.故答案为:(][),99,-∞-⋃+∞.【点睛】本题考查命题间关系的集合表示,以及根据集合关系求参数范围,属于中档题.四、解答题(本题共6小题,共70分,解答应写出文字说明、证明过程或演算步骤)17.已知集合{0A x x =<或{}2},32x B x a x a >=≤≤-.(1)若A B = R ,求实数a 的取值范围;(2)若B A ⊆R ð,求实数a 的取值范围.【答案】(1)(],0-∞(2)12a ≥【解析】【分析】(1)根据集合的并集运算即可列不等式求解,(2)根据包含关系列不等式求解.【小问1详解】因为{0A x x =<或{}2},32,,x B x a x a A B >=≤≤-⋃=R 所以320322a a a a -≥⎧⎪≤⎨⎪-≥⎩,解得0a ≤,所以实数a 的取值范围是(],0-∞.【小问2详解】{0A x x =<或{}2},02x A x x >=≤≤R ð,由B A ⊆R ð得当B =∅时,32-<a a ,解得1a >;当B ≠∅时,32a a -≥,即1a ≤,要使B A ⊆,则0322a a ≥⎧⎨-≤⎩,得112a ≤≤.综上,12a ≥.18.已知关于x 的不等式2320ax x -+>的解集为{1x x <或}x b >(1b >).(1)求a ,b 的值;(2)当0x >,0y >,且满足1a b x y +=时,有222x y k k +≥++恒成立,求k 的取值范围.【答案】(1)1a =,2b =(2)[]3,2-【解析】【分析】(1)方法一:根据不等式2320ax x -+>的解集为{1x x <或}x b >,由1和b 是方程2320ax x -+=的两个实数根且0a >,利用韦达定理求解;方法二:根据不等式2320ax x -+>的解集为{1x x <或}x b >,由1和b 是方程2320ax x -+>的两个实数根且0a >,将1代入2320ax x -+=求解.(2)易得121x y+=,再利用“1”的代换,利用基本不等式求解.【小问1详解】解:方法一:因为不等式2320ax x -+>的解集为{1x x <或}x b >,所以1和b 是方程2320ax x -+=的两个实数根且0a >,所以3121b a b a ⎧+=⎪⎪⎨⎪⋅=⎪⎩,解得12a b =⎧⎨=⎩方法二:因为不等式2320ax x -+>的解集为{1x x <或}x b >,所以1和b 是方程2320ax x -+>的两个实数根且0a >,由1是2320ax x -+=的根,有3201a a -+=⇒=,将1a =代入2320ax x -+>,得23201x x x -+>→<或2x >,∴2b =;【小问2详解】由(1)知12a b =⎧⎨=⎩,于是有121x y +=,故()12422448y x x y x y x y x y ⎛⎫+=++=++>+ ⎪⎝⎭,当且仅当24x y =⎧⎨=⎩时,等号成立,依题意有()2min 22x y k k +≥++,即282k k ≥++,得26032k k k +-≤→-≤≤,所以k 的取值范围为[]3,2-.19.已知函数()212f x x x =+.(1)试判断函数()f x 在区间(]0,1上的单调性,并用函数单调性定义证明;(2)若(]0,1x ∃∈,使()2f x m <+成立,求实数m 的范围.【答案】(1)单调递减;证明见解析(2)()1,+∞【解析】【分析】(1)运用定义法结合函数单调性即可;(2)将能成立问题转化为最值问题,结合单调性求解最值.【小问1详解】()212f x x x=+在区间(]0,1上单调递减,证明如下:设1201x x <<≤,则()()()()2212121212222212121122x x f x f x x x x x x x x x ⎛⎫--=-+-=-- ⎪⎝⎭()()12121222221212121122x x x x x x x x x x x x ⎡⎤⎛⎫⎛⎫+=--=--+⎢⎥ ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭⎣⎦∵1201x x <<≤,∴120x x -<,21211x x >,21211x x >,∴2212121120x x x x ⎛⎫-+< ⎪⎝⎭,∴()()120f x f x ->所以,()212f x x x =+在区间(]0,1上单调递减.【小问2详解】由(1)可知()f x 在(]0,1上单调递减,所以,当1x =时,()f x 取得最小值,即()min ()13f x f ==,又(]0,1x ∃∈,使()2f x m <+成立,∴只需min ()2f x m <+成立,即32m <+,解得1m <.故实数m 的范围为()1,+∞.20.已知函数()21ax b f x x +=+是定义在()1,1-上的函数,()()f x f x -=-恒成立,且12.25f ⎛⎫= ⎪⎝⎭(1)确定函数()f x 的解析式并判断()f x 在()1,1-上的单调性(不必证明);(2)解不等式()()10f x f x -+<.【答案】(1)()21x f x x=+,在(1,1)-上单调递增(2)1(0,)2【解析】【分析】(1)根据奇函数的性质,以及代入条件,即可求解,并判断函数的单调性;(3)根据函数是奇函数,以及函数的单调性,即可求解不等式.【小问1详解】由题意可得()001225f f ⎧=⎪⎨⎛⎫= ⎪⎪⎝⎭⎩,解得01b a =⎧⎨=⎩所以()21x f x x =+,经检验满足()()f x f x -=-,设1211x x -<<<,()()()()()()121212122222121211111x x x x x x f x f x x x x x ---=-=++++,因为1211x x -<<<,所以120x x -<,1210x x ->,221210,10x x +>+>,所以()()120f x f x -<,即()()12f x f x <,所以函数()f x 在区间()1,1-单调递增;【小问2详解】(1)()0f x f x -+< ,(1)()()f x f x f x ∴-<-=-,()f x 是定义在(1,1)-上的增函数,∴111111x x x x -<-<⎧⎪-<<⎨⎪-<-⎩,得102x <<,所以不等式的解集为1(0,)2.21.2022年某企业整合资金投入研发高科技产品,并面向全球发布了首批17项科技创新重大技术需求榜单,吸引清华大学、北京大学等60余家高校院所参与,实现企业创新需求与国内知名科技创新团队的精准对接,最终该公司产品研发部决定将某项高新技术应用到某高科技产品的生产中,计划该技术全年需投入固定成本6200万元,每生产x 千件该产品,需另投入成本()F x 万元,且()210100,060810090121980,60x x x F x x x x ⎧+<<⎪=⎨+-≥⎪⎩,假设该产品对外销售单价定为每件0.9万元,且全年内生产的该产品当年能全部售完.(1)求出全年的利润()G x 万元关于年产量x 千件的函数关系式;(2)试求该企业全年产量为多少千件时,所获利润最大,并求出最大利润.【答案】(1)()2108006200,060810015780,60x x x G x x x x ⎧-+-<<⎪=⎨⎛⎫-++≥ ⎪⎪⎝⎭⎩;(2)该企业全年产量为90千件时,所获利润最大为15600万元【解析】【分析】(1)利用分段函数即可求得全年的利润()G x 万元关于年产量x 千件的函数关系式;(2)利用二次函数求值域和均值定理求值域即可求得该企业全年产量为90千件时,所获利润最大为15600万元.【小问1详解】当060x <<时,()()22900101006200108006200G x x x x x x =-+-=-+-,当60x ≥时,()8100810090090121980620015780G x x x x x x ⎛⎫⎛⎫=-+--=-++ ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭,所以()2108006200,060810015780,60x x x G x x x x ⎧-+-<<⎪=⎨⎛⎫-++≥ ⎪⎪⎝⎭⎩.【小问2详解】若060x <<,则()()210409800G x x =--+,当40x =时,()max 9800G x =;若60x ≥,()8100157801578015600G x x x ⎛⎫=-++≤-= ⎪⎝⎭,当且仅当8100x x=,即90x =时,等号成立,此时()max 15600G x =.因为156009800>,所以该企业全年产量为90千件时,所获利润最大为15600万元.22.在以下三个条件中任选一个,补充在下面问题中,并解答此题.①()()()f x y f x f y +=+,()24f =.当0x >时,()0f x >;②()()()2f x y f x f y +=+-,()15f =.当0x >时,()2f x >;③()()()f x y f x f y +=⋅,()22f =.且x ∀∈R ,()0f x >;当0x >时,()1f x >.问题;对任意,x y ∈R ,()f x 均满足___________.(填序号)(1)判断并证明()f x 的单调性;(2)求不等式()148f a +≤的解集.注;如果选择多个条件分别解答,按第一个解答计分.【答案】(1)增函数(2)答案见解析【解析】【分析】(1)根据单调性的定义法,证明单调性即可;(2)根据单调性,列出相应的不等式,解不等式方程可得答案.【小问1详解】若选①:设12,(,)x x ∈-∞+∞,且12x x <,则210x x ->,所以21()0f x x ->.由()()()f x y f x f y +=+得()()()f x y f x f y +-=,所以,2121()()()0f x f x f x x -=->,所以,21()()f x f x >,所以()f x 在(,)-∞+∞上是增函数;若选②:设12,(,)x x ∈-∞+∞,且12x x <.则210x x ->,所以21()2f x x ->.由()()()2+=+-f x y f x f y 得()()()2f x y f x f y +-=-,所以2121()()()20f x f x f x x -=-->,所以21()()f x f x >,所以f (x )在(,)-∞+∞上是增函数;若选③:设12,(,)x x ∈-∞+∞,且12x x <,则210x x ->,所以21()1f x x ->.由()()()f x y f x f y +=⋅得()()()f x y f y f x +=,2211()()1()f x f x x f x =->,又1()0>f x ,所以2()f x >1()f x ,所以函数()f x 为R 上的增函数;【小问2详解】若选①:由(2)4f =得(4)(2)(2)8f f f =+=,所以,(14)8f a +≤可化为(14)(4)f a f +≤,根据()f x 的单调性,得144a +≤,解得34a ≤,所以不等式(14)8f a +≤的解集为3,4⎛⎤-∞ ⎥⎝⎦.若选②:令1x y ==,则(2)2(1)28f f =-=,所以(14)8f a +≤可化为(14)(2)f a f +≤,根据()f x 的单调性,得142a +≤,解得14a ≤,所以不等式(14)8f a +≤的解集为1,4⎛⎤-∞ ⎥⎝⎦.若选③:由(2)2f =得(4)(2)(2)4f f f =⋅=,(6)(4)(2)8f f f =⋅=,所以(14)8f a +≤可化为(14)(6)f a f +≤,根据()f x 的单调性,得146a +≤,解得54a ≤,所以不等式(14)8f a +≤的解集为5,4⎛⎤-∞ ⎥⎝⎦.。
广东深圳高级中学2024-2025学年高一上学期第一次月考试数学试卷
2024-2025学年深圳市高一上第一次月考试卷数学试卷注意事项:1.答题前,请将姓名、准考证号和学校用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔填写在答题卡指定的位置上,并将条形码粘贴好.2.本卷考试时间120分钟,满分150分.3.作答选择题时,选出每题答案后,用2B 铅笔把答题卡上对应题目答案标号的信息点框涂黑.如需改动,用橡皮擦干净后,再选涂其它答案.作答非选择题时,用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔将答写在答题卡指定区域内.作答综合题时,把所选题号的信息点框涂黑,并作答.写在本试卷或草稿纸上,其答案一律无效.4.考试结束后,谙将答题卡交回. 一、单选题(共8小题,共40分)1. 命题“210,0x x x ∃>−<”的否定为( )A. 210,0x x x ∃>−≥ B. 210,0x x x ∃≤−≥ C 210,0x x x∀>−≥ D. 210,0x x x∀≤−≥ 2. 从甲地到乙地通话m 分钟的电话费由() 1.0612m f m <>=+(元)决定,其中0m >,m <>是不小于m 的最小整数(如:33<>=, 3.84<>=, 5.16<>=), 则从甲地到乙地通话时间为7.3分钟的电话费为( ) A. 4.24元B. 4.77元C. 5.30元D. 4.93元3. 若函数()f x 定义域为R ,则“(2)(3)f f <”是“()f x 是增函数”的( ) A. 充分不必要条件 B. 必要不充分条件 C. 充要条件D. 既不充分也不必要条件4. 甲、乙两人解关于x 的不等式20x bx c ++<,甲写错了常数b ,得到的解集为{}6<<1x x −;乙写错了常数c ,得到的解集为{}1<<4x x .那么原不等式的解集为( ) A. {}1<<6x xB. {}1<<4x x −C. {}4<<1x x − D. {}1<<6x x −.的5. 函数[)2235,4,22x yx x +∈−−−的值域为( ). A. 5317,142B. 5317,142C. 5317,142D. 5317,1426. 已知不等式2320ax x −+>的解集为(,1)(,)b −∞+∞ ,则,a b 的取值分别为( ) A. 3,1−B. 2,1C. 1−,3D. 1,27. 设()f x 是定义在R 上奇函数,在(,0)−∞上递减,且(3)0f −=, 则不等式()0xf x <的解集为( )A. {|30x x −<<或3}x >B. {|3x x <−或3}x >C. {|3x x <−或03}x <<D. {|30x x −<<或03}x <<8. 对于集合M ,N ,定义{},M N x x M x N −=∈∉且,()()M N M N N M ⊕−− ,设94A y y=≥−,{}0B y y =<,则A B ⊕=A. 9,04 −B. 9,04−C. [)9,0,4−∞−+∞D. ()9,0,4−∞−+∞二、多选题(共4小题,共20分)9. 下表表示y 是x 的函数,则( )x 05x <<510x ≤<1015x ≤<1520x ≤≤y2345A. 函数的定义域是(0,20]B. 函数的值域是[2,5]C. 函数的值域是{}2,3,4,5D. 函数是增函数10. 已知243fx =−,则下列结论错误的是( )的A. ()11f =B. 2()21f x x =−C. ()f x 是偶函数D. ()f x 有唯一零点11. 给出以下四个命题,其中为真命题的是( ) A. 函数y与函数y表示同一个函数B. 若函数(2)f x 的定义域为[0,2],则函数()f x 的定义域为[0,4]C. 若函数()y f x =奇函数,则函数()()yf x f x =−−也是奇函数D. 函数1y x=−在(,0)(0,)−∞+∞ 上是单调增函数 12. 下列命题正确的是( )A. 若对于1x ∀,2x ∈R ,12x x ≠,都有()()()()11221221x f x x f x x f x x f x +>+,则函数yy =ff (xx )在R 上是增函数B. 若对于1x ∀,2x ∈R ,12x x ≠,都有()()12121f x f x x x −>−−,则函数()y f x x =+在R 上是增函数 C. 若对于x ∀∈R ,都有()()1f x f x +<成立,则函数yy =ff (xx )在R 上是增函数D. 若对于x ∀∈R ,都有()f x ,()g x 为增函数,则函数()()y f x g x =⋅在R 上也是增函数三、填空题(共4小题,共20分)13. A ={}|03x x << ,{}|24B x x =<<,则A B ∪=___________.14. 若“2,1000x mx mx ∀∈++>R ”是真命题,则m 的取值范围是__________.15. 已知函数()()11xf x x x =>−,())2g x x =≥,若存在函数()(),F x G x 满足:()()()()()(),G x F x f x g x g x f x =⋅=,学生甲认为函数()(),F x G x 一定是同一函数,乙认为函数()(),F x G x 一定不是同一函数,丙认为函数()(),F x G x 不一定是同一函数,观点正确的学生是_________.16. 已知函数()2cos ,,22f x x x x ππ=−∈−,则满足()06f x f π >的0x 的取值范围为__________. 四、解答题(共6小题,共70分)17. (1)设0x y <<,试比较22()()x y x y +−与22()()x y x y −+大小;是的(2)已知a ,b ,x ,(0,)∈+∞y 且11,x y a b>>,求证:x y x a y b >++.18. 求下列不等式的解集. (1)202735x x <−−−<; (2)1123x x +≤− 19. 冰墩墩(Bing Dwen Dwen )、雪容融(Shuey Rhon Rhon )分别是2022年北京冬奥会、冬残奥会的吉祥物.冬奥会来临之际,冰墩墩、雪容融玩偶畅销全国.小雅在某网店选中两种玩偶,决定从该网店进货并销售,第一次小雅用1400元购进了冰墩墩玩偶15个和雪容融玩偶5个,已知购进1个冰墩墩玩偶和1个雪容融玩偶共需136元,销售时每个冰墩墩玩偶可获利28元,每个雪容融玩偶可获利20元.(1)求两种玩偶的进货价分别是多少?(2)第二次小雅进货时,网店规定冰墩墩玩偶的进货数量不得超过雪容融玩偶进货数量的1.5倍.小雅计划购进两种玩偶共4020. 某单位有员工1000名,平均每人每年创造利润10万元,为了增加企业竞争力,决定优化产业结构,调整出()*N x x ∈名员工从事第三产业,调整出的员工平均每人每年创造利润为310500x a −万元()0a >,剩余员工平均每人每年创造的利润可以提高0.2%x .(1)若要保证剩余员工创造的年总利润不低于原来1000名员工创造的年总利润,则最多调整出多少名员工从事第三产业?(2)在(1)的条件下,若调整出的员工创造的年总利润始终不高于剩余员工创造的年总利润,则a 的取值范围是多少? 21. 已知函数()2f x x x=+. (1)判断()f x 的奇偶性,并证明你的结论;(2)用函数单调性的定义证明函数()f x 在)+∞上是增函数;(3)当[]1,3x ∈时,求函数()f x 的值域.22. 某企业用1960万元购得一块空地,计划在该空地建造一栋8,()x x x N ≥∈层,每层2800平方米的楼房.经测算,该楼房每平方米的平均建筑费用为56570x +(单位:元). (1)当该楼房建多少层时,每平方米的平均综合费用最少?最少为多少元?(2)若该楼房每平方米的平均综合费用不超过2000元,则该楼房最多建多少层?(注:综合费用=建筑费用+购地费用)。
2023-2024学年上学期第一次月考高一语文试题含答案
2023-2024学年上学期第一次月考高一语文试题(考试时间:150分钟试卷满分:150分)注意事项:1.答卷前,考生务必用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔将自己的准考证号、姓名、考场号和座位号填写在答题卡上。
用2B铅笔在“考场号”和“座位号”栏相应位置填涂自己的考场号和座位号。
将条形码粘贴在答题卡“条形码粘贴处”。
2.作答选择题时,选出每小题答案后,用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目选项的答案信息点涂黑;如需改动,用橡皮擦干净后,再选涂其他答案,答案不能答在试卷上。
3.非选择题必须用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔作答,答案必须写在答题卡各题目指定区域内相应位置上;如需改动,先划掉原来的答案,然后再写上新的答案;不准使用铅笔和涂改液。
不按以上要求作答的答案无效。
4.测试范围:第一单元、第二单元。
5.考试结束后,将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
一、现代文阅读(35分)(一)现代文阅读Ⅰ(本题共5小题,19分)阅读下面的文字,完成下面小题。
你认为自己在过去的一周里睡眠充足吗?你能回想起上一次没有闹钟,睡到自然醒,不需要咖啡因就能保持神清气爽的时候吗?如果这两个问题的答案都是“不”,那么你并不孤单。
在所有发达国家中,有三分之二的成年人无法获得通常提倡的8小时夜间睡眠。
你可能对这一事实并不感到意外,但它的后果也许会让你惊掉下巴。
每晚的规律睡眠少于6~7个小时会破坏你的免疫系统,罹患癌症的风险将增加一倍以上。
睡眠不足——哪怕只是一个星期的适度减少,也有可能严重影响血糖水平,使你跨入糖尿病前期患者的行列。
缺乏睡眠还会增加冠状动脉堵塞、变薄的风险,使你受到心血管疾病、中风和充血性心力衰竭的威胁。
此外,英国作家夏洛特·勃朗特曾言:“一颗焦躁的心使人难以入眠。
”睡眠障碍会加剧各种主要精神疾病的病症,包括抑郁、焦虑和自杀倾向。
把以上这些健康后果放到一起,我们会更容易接受这个经过证实的关联:睡眠时间越短,寿命就越短。
睡眠剥夺这根橡皮筋在崩断之前,能够承受的拉力是有限的,然而可悲的是,人类实际上是唯一一种会在没有合理益处的情况下故意剥夺自己睡眠的物种。
贵州省铜仁市德江县第二中学2023-2024学年高一上学期第一次月考数学试题
贵州省铜仁市德江县第二中学2023-2024学年高一上学期第一次月考数学试题一、单选题1.已知集合{}0,4,8,10,12U =,{}4,8,12A =,则U A =ð( ) A .{}0,10B .{}0,4,8C .{}0,4,8,10D .{}0,4,8,10,122.已知命题:0p x ∀>,25410x x -+≥,则命题p 的否定为( ) A .0x ∀>,25410x x -+< B .0x ∀<,25410x x -+< C .0x ∃>,25410x x -+<D .0x ∃<,25410x x -+<3.已知集合{32},{4A xx B x x =-<<=<-∣∣或1}x >-,则A B =I ( ) A .{12}x x -<<∣ B .{43}xx -<<-∣ C .{31}x x -<<-∣ D .{42}xx -<<∣ 4.若||||a b >,则下列不等式成立的是( ) A .0a b -> B .11a b <C .a b >D .22a b >5.不等式32023x x -<+的解集是( ) A .2332x x ⎧⎫-<<⎨⎬⎩⎭B .3223x x ⎧⎫-<<⎨⎬⎩⎭C .2{|3x x <-或3}2x >D .3{|2x x <-或2}3x >6.已知{1}A x x m =∈-<Z ∣…,若集合A 中恰好有5个元素,则实数m 的取值范围为( )A .45m <…B .45m <…C .34m <…D .34m <…7.“()()340x y +-=成立”是“()()22340x y ++-=成立”的( ) A .充分不必要条件 B .必要不充分条件 C .充要条件 D .既不充分也不必要条件8.已知2236x y ≤+≤,3569x y -≤-≤,则113z x y =+的取值范围是( )A .58933z z ⎧⎫≤≤⎨⎬⎩⎭B .5|273z z ⎧⎫≤≤⎨⎬⎩⎭C .8933z z ⎧⎫≤≤⎨⎬⎩⎭D .{}327z z ≤≤二、多选题9.下列条件中,是“2(2)54x x ->-”的一个充分不必要条件的是( ) A .2x >B .3x <-C .0x >D .1x >10.已知全集U ,集合A ,B 如图所示,则图中的阴影部分表示的集合为( )A .()U AB ⋂ð B .()U A B ⋂ðC .()B A B I ðD .()U A B ∩ð11.已知集合(){}244290A x ax a x =-++=中只有一个元素,则实数a 的可能取值为( )A .0B .1C .2D .412.已知a b >,则下列不等式中正确的是( )A .2a ab >B .2b ab >C .2a bb +>D .()()22a ab b b a ->-三、填空题13.用列举法表示集合{02}A x x =∈<≤Z∣可以是A =. 14.已知集合{},4A a =,{}21,3B a a =-,且{}4A B ⋂=,则实数=a .15.已知集合{}2670A x x x =--=,则A 的真子集的个数是.16.某社团有100名社员,他们至少参加了A ,B ,C 三项活动中的一项.得知参加A 活动的有51人,参加B 活动的有60人,参加C 活动的有50人,数据如图,则图中=a ;b =;c =.四、解答题17.设集合{5}{12}{14} U xx A x x B x x =≤=≤≤=-≤≤∣∣∣,,.求: (1)A B ⋂; (2)()U A B U ð; (3)()()U UA B I痧18.已知全集U =R ,集合{}25A x x =-≤≤,{}B x x a =<. (1)若3a =,求()U A B ∩ð;(2)若A B ⋂≠∅,求实数a 的取值范围.19.已知集合{}20,A xx ax a a =-+=∈R ∣. (1)若2A ∈,求实数a 的值;(2)若命题2:,20p x A x ax a ∃∈-+=为真命题,求实数a 的值.20.已知全集U =R ,集合{}34A x x =-<<,{}223B x a x a =-<<+. (1)若2a =,求A B ⋃,A B ⋂;(2)若()U B A =∅I ð,求实数a 的取值范围.21.(1)已知23x >,求232x x +-的最小值﹔ (2)已知0x >,0y >,且231x y+=,求3x y +的最小值.22.如图,某大学将一矩形ABCD 操场扩建成一个更大的矩形DEFG 操场,要求A 在DE 上,C 在DG 上,且B 在EG 上.若30AD =米.20DC =米,设DG x =米(20x >).(1)要使矩形DEFG的面积大于2700平方米,求x的取值范围;(2)当DG的长度是多少时,矩形DEFG的面积最小?并求出最小面积.。
2023年高一第一次月考学情调研在线测验完整版(安徽省太和县第一中学)
选择题每当遇到自然灾害,总会有很多双援助之手,北京市青年联合会和北京青少年发展基金会向灾区捐赠急需的棉被、棉衣、食品、冻伤和风湿药等物资。
材料中的物资()A. 不是商品,因为没有用于交换B. 不是商品,因为不是劳动产品C. 是商品,因为有进行交换D. 是商品,因为有使用价值【答案】A【解析】材料中的物资用于向灾区捐赠,不是以交换为目的的,因而不是商品,A项正确;材料中的物资也是劳动产品,B项错误;材料中的物资不是商品,C、D项错误,故本题答案应为A。
选择题李大爷在农贸市场卖自家种的大白菜。
这些大白菜①是劳动产品②是一般等价物③有使用价值④有价值A. ①②B. ②③C. ③④D. ①③【答案】D【解析】①符合题意,自己种的白菜付出了劳动,是劳动产品。
②表述错误,白菜不能表现其他一切商品的价值。
③表述正确,符合题意,大白菜具有可供人们食用的属性,有使用价值。
故选D。
④不合题意,这些白菜只有在进行交换时才能体现无差别的人类劳动,才具有价值。
选择题2018年6月3日,湖南卫视举办首届“123知识狂欢节”,经过24小时的知识狂欢,最终以知识消费破5000万元完美收官。
这里的“知识”A. 是商品,有使用价值没有价值B. 是商品,有使用价值和价值C. 不是商品,有价值没有使用价值D. 不是商品,它不属于劳动产品【答案】B【解析】喜马拉雅电台举办首届“123知识狂欢节”,经过24小时的知识狂欢,最终以知识消费破5000万元完美收官。
这里的“知识”是用于交换的劳动产品,是商品,有使用价值和价值,B项符合题意;ACD项均说法错误;正确选项为B。
选择题截止1月6日,电影《芳华》票房收入已突破13亿。
有的观众评价这是一部“值得花钱去影院欣赏的善良剧”,这体现出A. 有使用价值的物品就是商品B. 商品是使用价值与价格的统一体C. 耗费人类劳动的产品是商品D. 商品是使用价值与价值的统一体【答案】D【解析】截止1月6日,电影《芳华》票房收入已突破13亿。
河北省石家庄一中2023-2024学年高一上学期第一次月考数学试题
河北省石家庄一中2023-2024学年高一上学期第一次月考数学试题学校:___________姓名:___________班级:___________考号:___________一、单选题1.由2,2a a -,4组成一个集合A ,且A 中含有3个元素,则实数a 的取值可以是( )A .1B .2-C .1-D .22.若关于x 的方程()22110x k x k +-++=的两实根互为相反数,则k 的值为( )A .1,或-1B .1C .0D .-13.下列关系中正确的个数为( )①{}00Î;②Æ {}0;③{}(){}0,10,1Í;④(){}(){}1,00,1=.A .1B .2C .3D .44.“22a b =”是“222a b ab +=”的( )A .充分不必要条件B .必要不充分条件C .充分必要条件D .既不充分又不必要条件5.命题“x "ÎR ,212x x >-”的否定是( )A .x "ÎR ,212x x<-B .x "ÎR ,212x x £-C .x $ÎR ,212x x £-D .x $ÎR ,212x x<-6.若2243,22A y x B x x y =-+-=++,则A 、B 的大小关系为( )A .AB >B .A B <C .A B=D .无法确定7.已知二次函数257y x x =++,若x 的取值范围为41x -££,则y 的取值范围为( )中横线部分.若问题中的实数m 存在,求出m 的取值范围,若问题中的m 不存在,请说明理由.20.已知集合{|3A x x =<-或}7x >,{}|121B x m x m =+££-.(1)若()R RA B A =U ðð,求实数m 的取值范围;(2)若(){}R|A B x a x b =££I ð,且1b a -³,求实数m 的取值范围.21.已知命题{}|:31p x x x "Î-<<,不等式2490x x m ++->恒成立;命题{}2:0,20|1q x x x x mx $Î>-+<成立.(1)若命题p 为真命题,求实数m 的取值范围;(2)若命题p ,q 中恰有一个为真命题,求实数m 的取值范围.22.第24届冬季奥林匹克运动会,即2022年北京冬季奥运会,计划于2022年2月4日星期五开幕,2月20日星期日闭幕.冬季奥运会会徽以及吉祥物等纪念品已陆续发布.某公益团队计划联系冬季奥运会组委会举办一场为期一个月的线上纪念品展销会,并将所获利润全部用于社区体育设施建设.据市场调查了解,某款纪念品的日销售量y (单位:件)是销售单价x (单位:元/件)的一次函数,且单价越高,销量越低,当单价等于或高于110元/件时,销量为0.已知该款纪念品的成本价是10元/件,展销会上要求以高于成本价的价格出售该款纪念品.(1)若要获取该款纪念品最大的日利润,则该款纪念品的单价应定为多少?(2)通常情况下,获取商品最大日利润只是一种“理想结果”,若要获得该款纪念品最大日利润的84%,则该款纪念品的单价应定为多少?参考答案:1.C【分析】逐个选项代入判断是否满足集合的互异性即可.【详解】对A ,当1a =时,21a =,21a -=,不满足题意;对B ,当2a =-时,24a =,不满足题意;对C ,当1a =-时,21a =,23a -=,满足题意;对D ,当2a =时,24a =,不满足题意;故选:C2.D【分析】根据条件得222(1)4(1)0(1)0k k k ì--+³í--=î,进而可得解.【详解】关于x 的方程()22110x k x k +-++=的两实根互为相反数,则222(1)4(1)0(1)0k k k ì--+³í--=î ,解得1k =-,故选:D.3.B【解析】由集合的概念、元素与集合间的关系、集合与集合间的关系,逐项判断即可得解.【详解】对于①,因为0是{}0中的元素,所以{}00Î,故①正确;对于②,因为空集是任何非空集合的真子集,所以Æ {}0,故②正确;对于③,{}0,1为数集,(){}0,1为点集,所以{}(){}0,10,1Ú,故③错误;对于④,集合(){}1,0、(){}0,1均为点集,但所含元素不同,故④错误.故选:B.【点睛】本题考查了元素与集合、集合与集合间关系的判断,属于基础题.4.B故13324m m -=-ìí-=î,无解,故不存在实数m ,使得x A Î是x B Î成立的充要条件.(2)因为1m >,故3211m m ->>-,故B ¹Æ.选①:充分不必要条件.由题意A B ,故31432m m -³-ìí£-î,解得42m m ³ìí³î,故4m ³,即m 的取值范围为[)4,+¥选②:必要不充分条件.由题意B A ,故31432m m -£-ìí³-î,解得42m m £ìí£î,故2m £,又1m >,故m 的取值范围为(]1,2.20.(1){}|4m m £(2){}|35m m ££【分析】(1)根据并集结果可得()RB A Íð,分别讨论B =Æ和B ¹Æ的情况即可求得结果;(2)由交集结果可知B ¹Æ,分别讨论217m -<、21717m m ->ìí+£î和17m +>,根据1b a -³可构造不等式求得结果.【详解】(1)由题意知:{}R|37A x x =-££ð;因为()R R A B A =U ðð,故()RB A Íð;①当B =Æ,即121m m +>-时,满足()RB A Íð,此时2m <;②当B ¹Æ,若()R B A Íð,则12113217m m m m +£-ìï+³-íï-£î,解得24m ££;()21201100k x x =-+2(60)2500(10110)k x x éù=--<<ëû,因为0k <,所以当60x =时,w 取得最大值,且最大值为2500k -.故若要获取该款纪念品最大的日利润,则该款纪念品的单价应定为60元/件.(2)解:由题意可得()()10110250084%k x x k --=-´,即212032000x x -+=,解得40x =或80x =.故若要获得该款纪念品最大日利润的84%,则该款纪念品的单价应定为40元/件或80元/件.。
广东省汕头市潮南区峡晖中学2023-2024学年高一上学期第一次月考英语试题
广东省汕头市潮南区峡晖中学2023-2024学年高一上学期第一次月考英语试题一、阅读理解A WONDERFUL NIGHT A T CHANGSHA AQUARIUM(海洋馆)Have you ever seen sea animals at night? What do they do? Eat? Sleep? Swim? Let’s go and enjoy the happy time.Time:6:30 p.m.~8:30 p.m. on Saturday.* You can enjoy dinner at our restaurant under the water from 6:00 p.m. to 6:30 p.m.*You can’t eat anything while you are watching the sea animals.*Each tour costs 15 yuan. You can buy the tickets at the gate of the aquarium.*You can decide which tour you will join after you arrive at the aquarium.1.If you want to enjoy 4 tours, how much will you pay for them?A.15 yuan.B.30 yuan.C.45 yuan.D.60 yuan.2.What can’t you do while you are watching the sea animals?A.Feed the fish.B.Eat food.C.Take pictures.D.Walk with the penguins.3.How long can you enjoy the activities at the aquarium at most in on enight?A.Half an hour.B.One hour.C.One and a half hours.D.Two hours.Teenagers need eight to ten hours of sleep per night. However, in adolescence (青春期) changes to the body’s sleep cycle make it difficult for teens to fall asleep early. Many cannot fall asleep until 10:30 p.m. or even later and most of them will feel sleepy if they have to get up too early.Scientists recommend that both middle and high schools begin no earlier than 8:30 a.m.Later school start times support the natural needs of teenagers and increase their sleeping time.Here are some other benefits of later school start times:More time for a healthy breakfastWhen running late in the mornings, students are likely to go without breakfast. With an empty stomach, one finds it difficult to focus (集中) in class. When they are always in a hurry, students may form unhealthy eating habits.With extra time before going to school, students can eat a well-balanced breakfast and focus more on learning.Fewer behavioral (行为的) problemsTeens experience mood changes as a common result of this special period of life. Less sleep may cause worries, stress and unhappiness.When they get enough sleep, students are calm and peaceful and their moods do not change suddenly. They’re less likely to feel worried, unhappy or get angry. For parents, children with more sleep are easier to live with.Better performance (表现) in studySleep loss hurts attention, memory and brain development. Students with less sleep have difficulty paying attention in class and are likely to have lower grades. Students with enough sleep can be more energetic during the day and more willing to learn. They are also less likely to fall asleep in class and more able to understand what they learn.In conclusion, starting school later helps students get a better night’s sleep. It improves their chances of eating, behaving and performing better.4.According to the passage, what may cause teenagers to stay up?A.Their low grades.B.Their empty stomachs.C.Their body’s sleep cycle.D.Their heavy homework.5.How can sleep loss influence students’ study?A.It gives them much energy.B.It does harm to the brain.C.It saves more time for study.D.It improves their memory.6.What’s the writer’s main purpose in writing this passage?A.To explain reasons for students’ stress.B.To describe bad habits caused by sleep loss.C.To discuss scientists’ research on healthy food.D.To introduce benefits of later schoolstart times.7.In which part of the website can you probably find this passage?A.Education.B.Fashion.C.Sports.D.Technology.Confucius (孔子), a famous teacher, was a politician and philosopher (哲学家) who lived in “Spring and Autumn Period”. During his lifetime, he planted the seeds for China’s complete change by teaching thousands of people. Today, he is thought to be one of the world’s greatest teachers.Confucius grew up in a poor family. As he grew up, Confucius worked to help his mother earn money. When he wasn’t working, he would read. His favorite thing to do was to learn. His mother saw this and did her best to help him learn. One day, rich families noticed how smart he was and offered him jobs counting their money and keeping track of their crops.Confucius did this until he was 30 years old, but he always wanted to do more.He didn’t like the way rulers treated their people. He wanted to find a way to help people who were less fortunate than he was. Later, he founded the philosophy “Confucianism”. Confucianism states that by educating yourself, loving your family, and respecting tradition you could become a better person. Confucius believed a person could achieve these things by practicing self-discipline (自律). For the rest of his life, Confucius traveled and taught the people of China about self-discipline and the importance of education. He even opened China’s first school that taught both the poor and the wealthy as equals. Although he became very famous among China’s lower classes, the rulers of China never accepted his teachings. Eventually, his philosophy of self-discipline helped China unite under one ruler and finally find peace. Today, Confucius is celebrated all over the world for his philosophy of education, equality, and peace over war, money, and injustice.8.What can we know about Confucius from the passage?A.He was born in a politician family.B.He was once a farmer guiding people farming.C.He once acted as a math teacher.D.He devoted himself to social development.9.Why did rich families give him jobs?A.He likes counting money.B.He enjoyed harvesting crops.C.He was very clever.D.He disliked rulers.10.Which is very important to keep peace according to the author?A.Respect.B.Self-confidence.C.Self-discipline.D.Equality. 11.What is the writer’s attitude towards Confucianism?A.Supportive (支持的).B.Doubtful (怀疑的).C.Disappointed.D.Hopeful.What are American high schools like? Well, I’m happy to tell you what I know.When I started school here, it had already been a week since the school opened. At this school, freshmen usually go on a trip for about three days at the beginning of school. Unfortunately I missed that wonderful trip, which would have been the best time to get to know my classmates. I was really sad. I wished I’d known about it earlier.Despite the disappointment, however, I gradually adapted to my new life and school. There is a space in the basement of the teaching building where students chat and meet each other. As we do not always have the same classrooms and classmates, the school wants us to get to know each other there. Students usually come to school early, sit in that space and have fun. Around the space, there are many lockers for students to leave their books in, so that students do not have to carry a heavy schoolbag everywhere.It really surprises me that we have almost no textbooks. We only have textbooks for World History and Algebra 2 and they are big and heavy, like bricks. For other classes, we only need binders with paper in them. Without textbooks, students learn things freely and actively. For example, my humanities teacher just teaches us what is in her mind at the time. We never know what we will learn.Another difference between American schools and Chinese schools is that American schools care about students’ morality more than their academic studies. For example, if you do not finish your homework, you will just be asked to do it later, but if you cheat or lie, you will get a warning or even be kicked out.I think that most students here are good at schoolwork as well, but compared to Chinese students, they can make learning a more joyful experience. I think we should take the good pointsfrom our two different kinds of education to perfect our approach to studying.12.What made the writer sad at the beginning?A.Being late for school.B.Not knowing anyone.C.Being looked down upon.D.Missing the chance of the trip. 13.Students go to the basement of the teaching building to _________.A.have a free talk B.attend classC.meet teachers D.share a classroom14.How did the writer feel when he began his lessons?A.Happy.B.Surprised.C.Unsatisfied.D.lonely.15.What might stop a student’s schooling in American school?A.Not studying hard.B.Cheating.C.Not finishing homework.D.Failing in the exam.We all experience stress(压力) at some point. 16No one can “make” you feel anything.The way you deal with a situation is a choice. You can ask yourself “Is this something I can change?” 17 If the situation cannot be changed, accept it and find ways to deal with it. In this way, stress can be greatly reduced.Exchange attitude for gratitude(感恩).Our attitude has a big influence on how we deal with situations. 18 Instead of being angry about the traffic, find some gratitude. Think of things you can be thankful for.Relax, relax, relax.19 It will help you relax and make you better prepared to deal with stressful situations.20Look at your stressful situation from a “big picture” point of view. Ask yourself “How important is this?”and “Will this matter in the long run?” If the answer is no, it’s likely not worth your time and energy.A.Look at the big picture.B.Did you find what is best for you?C.Stress is different from person to person.D.If so, start doing something to change the situation.E.When you are stuck in traffic, change your attitude.F.Try to find something that you enjoy and do it every day.G.Here are four points to consider when dealing with stressful situations.二、完形填空I live with my husband Jack in Iowa, which is far away from Florida. One day, my husband suddenly decided to play 21 in Florida.“Why Florida?” I wanted to know. “We are so busy every day with our work. Why not someplace 22 ?”“Because,” he said, “Florida is famous for golf. It’s just something I 23 to do.”24 , I did understand. Just a week or so before, I 25 a diary of mine from my teenage years. What really got me about it was the list I’d 26 on the very first page—Things I’m Going To Do. But until now I haven’t done a third of them!So when Jack talked about playing in 27 , it got me thinking. There were a lot of things I wanted to 28 . They were all the same things as I’d decided to do 29 I was sixteen. But always because of some reasons, my plans 30 to be carried out.In order to make our life without 31 , I told Jack, “Now let’s draw up all our life lists and have them 32 one by one together.” That was how our journey to Florida 33 .After many years, our plans were all finished. 34 I’ve learned that the secret is to take life 35 . If you’re in too much of a hurry, you need to stop, or you will fly past all the things that are the most fun.21.A.football B.golf C.basketball D.volleyball 22.A.farther B.closer C.larger D.warmer 23.A.dream B.hurry C.refuse D.afford24.A.In fact B.For example C.At once D.In case25.A.lent B.bought C.missed D.found 26.A.called B.practised C.made D.explained 27.A.Georgia B.Hawaii C.Iowa D.Florida 28.A.support B.learn C.finish D.prepare 29.A.where B.when C.although D.because 30.A.came B.rose C.failed D.happened 31.A.regret B.hope C.difficulty D.difference 32.A.turned down B.taken away C.put out D.carried out 33.A.started B.changed C.appeared D.stopped 34.A.Simply B.Finally C.Quietly D.Sadly 35.A.early B.busy C.slow D.fast三、语法填空课文语法填空Lisa 36 (graduate)from our school last June and is about 37 (go)to college. She came to share her suggestions for high school 38 us. Lisa said Orientation Day was really 39 (help)when she first started high school, and it is a fantastic opportunity for new students to get to know the school and the other 40 (student). Though Lisa was a member of the school volleyball team, she wasn’t selected for the end-of-year 41 (compete). At first, she was really sad, 42 later she realized that she joined the team for the love of the sport. It wasn’t just about winning. So she kept 43 (work)hard to support her teammates during their training. Lisa 44 (total)agreed with the wonderful words from the writer Maya Angelou—try to be a rainbow in someone’s cloud. So she suggested that we give our friends 45 hand when they need it. And this will make us feel good, too.四、单词拼写46.He’s got the (自信心) to walk into a room of strangers and immediately start a conversation. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)47.He has a very outgoing (个性) and makes friends very easily. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)48.There was a(n) (尴尬的) moment when she didn’t know whether to shake his hand or kiss his face. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)49.Employers usually decide within five minutes whether someone is (合适的) for the job. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)50.We've discussed the unusual form of the book. Now, what about the (内容)?(根据汉语提示单词拼写)51.She now helps in a local school as a v three days a week.(根据首字母单词拼写) 52.The magazine is aimed at t and young adults. (根据首字母单词拼写) 53.Gladys grows a lot of tomatoes in her g .(根据首字母单词拼写)54.There are more f than males in that company. (根据首字母单词拼写) 55.Babies are c about everything around them. (根据首字母单词拼写)五、完成句子56.Her son (沉迷于) computer games. (根据汉语提示完成句子)57.He has told me his plans and he has (给我留下了好印象). (根据汉语提示完成句子)58.Jim has been working hard and (期望) spending his vacation lying on the beach doing nothing. (根据汉语提示完成句子)59.He(宁愿) die rather than give in to the enemy. (根据汉语提示完成句子) 60.After(毕业) college, we finally got the chance to take a trip. (根据汉语提示完成句子)六、翻译61.我正在考虑报一个舞蹈课程。
新疆阿克苏地区库车市第一中学2023-2024学年高一上学期第一次月考数学试题
新疆阿克苏地区库车市第一中学2023-2024学年高一上学期第一次月考数学试题一、单选题1.命题“x ∃∈R ,2ln 0x x +>”的否定是( )A .x ∃∈R ,2ln 0x x +≥B .x ∃∈R ,2ln 0x x +<C .x ∀∈R ,2ln 0x x +≥D .x ∀∈R ,2ln 0x x +≤2.已知集合{}{}3,0,5,0A B x x =-=>,则A B =I ( )A .{}3-B .{}3,0-C .{}5D .{}0,5 3.已知a b >,且0a ≠,0b ≠,则下列不等式成立的是( )A .22a b >B .b a ->-C .11a b >D .2a b > 4.若q 是p 的充分条件,则p 是q 的( )A .充分条件B .必要条件C .既不充分也不必要条件D .充要条件5.若,a b 都是正数,则41a b b a+-的最小值为( ) A .1 B .2 C .3 D .46.下列语句不是存在量词命题的是( )A .至少有一个x ,使210x x ++=成立B .有的无理数的平方不是有理数C .存在x ∈R ,32x +是偶数D .梯形有两边平行7.若全集U =R ,集合{0,1,2,3,4,5,6}A =,{3}B x x =≤∣,则图中阴影部分表示的集合为( )A .{3,4,5,6}B .{0,1,2}C .{0,1,2,3}D .{4,5,6}8.已知集合{}N 14A x x =∈≤≤,{}23B x x =≤≤,{}29C x x ==,则()A B C =I U ( ) A .{}2,3 B .{}3,2,3- C .{}3,3- D .{}3,2,3,4-9.已知集合1,Z 44k M x x k ⎧⎫==+∈⎨⎬⎩⎭,集合1,Z 84k N x x k ⎧⎫==-∈⎨⎬⎩⎭,则( ) A .M N ⋂=∅ B .M N ⊆ C .N M ⊆ D .M N M ⋃= 10.已知a 、b 、c 、d 为实数,则下列命题中正确的是( )A .若a b <且0ab ≠,则11a b > B .若22a b c c <且0c ≠,则a b > C .若22a b <,22c d <,则2222a c b d -<-D .若22a b <,22c d <,则2222a c b d <11.已知{1}A x x m =∈-<Z ∣…,若集合A 中恰好有5个元素,则实数m 的取值范围为( )A .45m <…B .45m <…C .34m <…D .34m <… 12.已知正数x ,y 满足14112x y +=++,则x y +的最小值为( ) A .4 B .5 C .6 D .7二、填空题13.设集合{}1,2,3A =,{}2,4,6B =,则A B =I .14.“3x >”是“5x >”的条件.(填“充分不必要”或“必要不充分”或“充要”或“既不充分也不必要”)15.集合2Z ,Z A x x a a a ⎧⎫=∈=+∈⎨⎬⎩⎭用列举法表示为. 16.若,a b ∈R ,0ab >,则442a b ab++的最小值为.三、解答题17.设集合{}{}{}5,12,14U x x A x x B x x =≤=≤≤=-≤≤.求:(1)A B ⋂;(2)()U A B U ð.18.写出下列命题p 的否定,判断真假并说明理由.(1)2:,1p x x ∃∈=-R ;(2)p :不论m 取何实数,关于x 的方程2210m x x +-=必有实数根;(3)p :有的平行四边形的对角线相等.19.设全集U =R ,集合{}{}2220,560A x x mx B x x x =++==-+=. (1)求集合B ;(2)若(){}2U A B ⋂=ð,求集合A .20.已知集合A ={x |ax 2﹣3x +1=0,a ∈R }.(1)若A 是空集,求a 的取值范围;(2)若A 中至多只有一个元素,求a 的取值范围.21.已知命题p :关于x 的方程240(0)x x m m ++=>有两个不相等的实数根.(1)若p 是真命题,求实数m 的取值集合A ;(2)在(1)的条件下,集合{}211B m a m a =-<<+,若B A B =I ,求实数a 的取值范围.22.已知集合14,3A x x x ⎧⎫=<<∈⎨⎬⎩⎭N ,{}10B x ax =-≥. (1)当2a =时,求A B ⋂;(2)若__________,求实数a 的取值范围.请从①“x B ∈”是“x A ∈”的必要条件;②x A ∀∈,x B ∉;③x A ∃∈,x B ∉;这三个条件中选择一个填入(2)中横线处,并完成第(2)问的解答.(如果选择多个条件分别解答,按第一个解答计分)。
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2023届高一上学期第一次月考语文试题(考试时间:90分钟,试题满分:100分)注意事项:1.答题前,务必在答题卷规定位置填写自己的姓名、班级、准考证号(智学号);2.在答题卷上答题时,选择题..........必须用0.5mm黑色墨水签字..将对应题号的答案涂黑,非选择题..铅笔...必须用2B笔.在指定区域作答..........;.......,超出规定区域作答无效3.考试结束只需提交答题卷,试题卷学生自己保存。
一、诗歌阅读(共34分)1.下列加点词的解释,不正确的一项是(3分)( )A.烟涛微茫信.难求信:确实何时可掇.掇:拾取,摘取B.枉用相存.存:生存桃李罗.堂前罗:罗列C.栗.深林兮惊层巅栗:使……战栗绕树三匝.匝:周、圈D.失向来..之烟霞向来:原来山不厌.高厌:满足2.以下对陶渊明《归园田居》(其一)理解和分析,不正确的一项是(3分)()A.“误落尘网中”一句,道出诗人对官场生活的极度厌恶的心情,用激情之语排斥官场,表明诗人无奈归隐的悲愤与乐观旷达的心境。
B.诗的九至十六句描绘了一幅安宁静谧,远近错落、动静相宜、有声有色的田园风光图。
C.诗中用白描的手法,简练的勾画事物,从而使诗人感情得到充分抒发,使诗富有画意,生机盎然。
D.诗人以常见普通农村生活入诗,和他内心的闲适、自在、喜悦交融,构成一个完美诗境,使普通景物具有美感。
3.下列对《梦游天姥吟留别》判断不正确的一项是(3分)()A.“天台一万八千丈,对此欲倒东南倾”并非实指,只是极言其高;诗人并不直接说天姥山多高,即用比较和衬托的手法,把那高耸入云的样子写得淋漓尽致。
B.诗人完全摆脱了诗律的束缚,随着梦境的变化、情感的运行而遣词造句。
这种句法、韵法适应了李白狂放的性格,奇绝的想象,忽高忽低的情感流程,达到了内容和艺术形式的高度统一。
C.诗中特意提到南朝诗人谢灵运,是因为谢灵运在政治失意后游山玩水,曾在剡溪住过,李白有意仿效之。
D.这是一首记梦诗,也是一首游仙诗。
所写的梦游,也许并非完全是虚托的。
虽然诗末有不卑不亢的气概,但作者逃避现实,消极颓废,不免给人一定的消沉之感。
4.《梦游天姥吟留别》第一段运用了衬托手法,与此法不相同的一项是(3分)()A.月出惊山鸟,时鸣春涧中。
B.江碧鸟逾白,山青花欲燃。
C.蜀道之难,难于上青天。
D.半壁见海日,空中闻天鸡。
古风五十九首(其三十九)李白登高望四海,天地何漫漫。
霜被群物秋,风飘大荒寒。
荣华东流水,万事皆波澜。
白日掩徂辉①,浮云无定端。
梧桐巢燕雀,枳棘②栖鹓鸾③。
且复归去来,剑歌行路难。
【注释】①徂(cú)晖:落日余晖。
②枳(zhǐ)棘:枝小刺多的灌木。
③鹓(yuān)鸾(luán):传说中与凤凰同类,非梧桐不止,非练实不食,非醴泉不饮。
5.下列对本诗的理解,不正确的一项是(3分)()A.前四句,写诗人登高望远,看到天高地阔,霜染万物的清秋景象,奠定了全诗昂扬奋发的基调。
B.诗中“荣华东流水”与李白《梦游天姥吟留别》中的“古来万事东流水”表达的意思有相似性。
C.七、八句借助于描写白日将尽、浮云变幻的景象,形象而含蓄地表达了诗人对世事人生的感受。
D.九、十句的意思是本应栖息于梧桐的鵷鸟竟巢于恶树之中,而燕雀却得以安然地宿在梧桐之上。
6.结合全诗,简述结尾句“剑歌行路难”所表达的思想感情。
(6分)阅读现代诗歌《“代沟”上握手》(辛笛),完成题目:“代沟”上握手辛笛过午的阳光照亮林荫里灰鸽白鸽跳跃在绿色草坪我边在诗页上题字边听你絮语低声我忘记了你是我学生的女儿你忘记了我祖父般的年龄你谈论你青春的梦想我心灵上响起驼铃隔代人共同来找生命的支点鸿沟能不能就美好地犁平(1981年5月在加拿大多伦多市) 7.对这首诗赏析有错误的一项是(3分)()A.开头两句的景物描写,不仅勾画出交谈时的环境,烘托出一种和谐、温馨的气氛,而且也为全诗定下了明朗的基调。
B.中间六句接连使用了对比的写法,反差鲜明,既表现了隔代人间的友情,也表现了他们不同的理想和追求。
C.最后两句提出弥合“代沟”的方法,“生命的支点”可以理解为追求真善美的共同目标和脚踏实地的人生态度。
D.这首诗语言朴素、自然,节奏急促,激情昂扬的语言同时使读者可以品味到一种宁静、甜蜜的韵味,受到美好情愫的感染。
8.名篇名句默写(10分)(1)陶渊明《归园田居(其一)》中,写诗人回乡开荒种地,过田园生活的句子是,。
(2)毛泽东《沁园春•长沙》诗人旧地重游,引发对往昔生活的回忆的诗句是,。
(3)曹操《短歌行》中用周公的典故表现了他求贤若渴心情的诗句是,。
(4)李白《梦游天姥吟留别》中表现诗人蔑视权贵的句子是,。
(5)杜甫《登高》中由高到低,写诗人所见所闻,渲染秋江景物特点的句子是,。
二、文学类文本阅读(本题共6小题,30分)阅读下面的文字,完成9~11题。
哦,香雪铁凝①现在,香雪一个人站在西山口,目送列车远去。
列车终于在她的视野里彻底消失了,眼前一片空旷,一阵寒风扑来,吸吮着她单薄的身体。
她把滑到肩上的围巾紧裹在头上,缩起身子在铁轨上坐了下来。
香雪感受过各种各样的害怕,小时候她怕头发,身上沾着一根头发择不下来,她会急得哭起来;长大了她怕晚上一个人到院子里去,怕毛毛虫,怕被人胳肢(凤娇最爱和她来这一手)。
现在她害怕这陌生的西山口,害怕四周黑幽幽的大山,害怕叫人心跳的寂静。
当风吹响近处的小树林时,她又害怕小树林发出的窸窸索索声音。
三十里,一路走回去,该路过多少大大小小地林子啊!②一轮满月升起来了,照亮了寂静的山谷、灰白的小路,照亮了秋日的败草,粗糙的树干,还有一丛丛荆棘、怪石,还有满山遍野那树的队伍,还有香雪手中那只闪闪发光的小盒子。
③她这才想到把它举起来仔细端详。
她想,为什么坐了一路火车,竟没有拿出来好好看看?现在,在皎洁的月光下,她才看清了它是淡绿色的,盒盖上有两朵洁白的马蹄莲。
她小心地把它打开,又学着同桌的样子轻轻一拍盒盖,“哒”的一声,它便合得严严实实。
她又打开盒盖,觉得应该立刻装点东西进去。
她丛兜里摸出一只盛擦脸油的小盒放进去,又合上了盖子。
只有这时,她才觉得这铅笔盒真属于她了,真的。
她又想到了明天,明天上学时,她多么盼望她们会再三盘问她啊!④她站了起来,忽然感到心里很满,风也柔和了许多。
她发现月亮是这样明净。
群山被月光笼罩着,像母亲庄严、神圣的胸脯;那秋风吹干的一树树核桃叶,卷起来像一树树金铃铛,她第一次听清它们在夜晚,在风的怂恿下“豁啷啷”地歌唱。
她不再害怕了,在枕木上跨着大步,一直朝前走去。
大山原来是这样的!月亮原来是这样的!核桃树原来是这样的!香雪走着,就像第一次认出养育她成人的山谷。
台儿沟是这样的吗?不知怎么的,她加快了脚步。
她急着见到它,就像从来没有见过它那样觉得新奇。
台儿沟一定会是“这样的”:那时台儿沟的姑娘不再央求别人,也用不着回答人家的再三盘问。
火车上的漂亮小伙子都会求上门来,火车也会停得久一些,也许三分、四分,也许十分、八分。
它会向台儿沟打开所有的门窗,要是再碰上今晚这种情况,谁都能丛从容容地下车。
⑤今晚台儿沟发生这样的情况,火车拉走了香雪,为什么现在她像闹着玩儿似的去回忆呢?对了,四十个鸡蛋也没有了,娘会怎么说呢?爹不是盼望每天都有人家娶媳妇、聘闺女吗?那时他才有干不完的活儿,他才能光着红铜似的脊梁,不分昼夜地打出那些躺柜、碗橱、板箱,挣回香雪的学费。
想到这儿,香雪站住了,月光好像也黯淡下来,脚下的枕木变成一片模糊。
回去怎么说?她环视群山,群山沉默着;她又朝着近处的杨树林张望,杨树林窸窸索索地响着,并不真心告诉她应该怎么做。
是哪来的流水声?她寻找着,发现离铁轨几米远的地方,有一道浅浅的小溪。
她走下铁轨,在小溪旁边蹲了下来。
她想起小时候有一回和凤娇在河边洗衣裳,碰见一个换芝麻糖的老头。
凤娇劝香雪拿一件旧汗褂换几块糖吃,还教她对娘说,那件衣裳不小心叫河水给冲走了。
香雪很想吃芝麻糖,可她到底没换。
她还记得,那老头真心实意等了她半天呢。
为什么她会想起这件小事?也许现在应该骗娘吧,因为芝麻糖怎么也不能和铅笔盒的重要性相比。
她要告诉娘,这是一个宝盒子,谁用上它,就能一切顺心如意,就能上大学、坐上火车到处跑,就能要什么有什么,就再也不会叫人瞧不起……娘会相信的,因为香雪从来不骗人。
⑥小溪的歌唱高昂起来了,它欢腾着向前奔跑,撞击着水中的石块,不时溅起一朵小小的浪花。
香雪也要赶路了,她捧起溪水洗了把脸,又用沾着水的手抿光被风吹乱的头发。
水很凉,但她觉得很精神。
她告别了小溪,又回到了长长的铁路上。
⑦前边又是什么?是隧道,它愣在那里,就像大山的一只黑眼睛。
香雪又站住了,但她没有返回去,她想到怀里的铅笔盒,想到同学们惊羡的目光,那些目光好像就在隧道里闪烁。
她弯腰拔下一根枯草,将草茎插在小辫里。
娘告诉她,这样可以“避邪”。
然后她就朝隧道跑去。
确切地说,是冲去。
⑧香雪越走越热了,她解下围巾,把它搭在脖子上。
她走出了多少里?不知道。
只听见不知名的小虫在草丛里鸣叫,松散、柔软的荒草抚弄着她的裤脚。
台儿沟在哪儿?她向前望去,她看见迎面有一颗颗黑点在铁轨上蠕动。
再近一些她才看清,那是人,是迎着她走过来的人群。
第一个是凤娇,凤娇身后是台儿沟的姐妹们。
当她们也看清对面的香雪时,忽然都停住了脚步。
⑨香雪猜出她们在等待,她想快点跑过去,但腿为什么变得异常沉重?她站在枕木上,回头望着笔直的铁轨,铁轨在月亮的照耀下泛着清淡的光,它冷静地记载着香雪的路程。
她忽然觉得心头一紧,不知怎么的就哭了起来,那是欢乐的泪水,满足的泪水。
面对严峻而又温厚的大山,她心中升起一种从未有过的骄傲。
她用手背抹净眼泪,拿下插在辫子里的那根草棍儿,然后举起铅笔盒,迎着对面的人群跑去。
⑩迎面,那静止的队伍也流动起来了。
同时,山谷里突然爆发了姑娘们欢乐的呐喊,她们叫着香雪的名字,声音是那样奔放、热烈;她们笑着,笑得是那样不加掩饰,无所顾忌。
古老的群山终于被感动得颤栗了,它发出宽亮低沉的回音,和她们共同欢呼着。
⑪哦,香雪!香雪!(节选自铁凝小说《哦,香雪》,有删改)9.下列对这篇小说思想内容与艺术特色的分析和鉴赏,不正确的一项是(3分)()A.小说采用全知全能的第三人称叙述视角,带领读者探幽入微深入主人公内心,人物描绘自由灵活,精致细腻。
B.铅笔盒具有象征意味,香雪用四十个鸡蛋换取心慕已久的铅笔盒,表现了她追逐物质,自尊上进的心理。
C.台儿庄偏僻闭塞但人情淳美,香雪误被火车带走牵动着大家的神经,她们连夜沿轨而寻,重逢时激动不己。
D.文中画线句子运用拟人和双关,明指姑娘们的声音在山间回荡,暗指古老的大山正慢慢被现代文明唤醒。
10.情景交织的心理描写是小说的一大特色,请结合环境描写梳理香雪深夜循铁轨返回时的心理变化。
(6分)11.《哦,香雪》风格纯净独特,被称为“诗化小说”,请结合文本进行分析。