2020年上海高考概要写作summary writing3(10篇,有解析)

Exercise 1

概要写作。阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。

A man may usually be known by the books he reads as well as by the company he keeps；for there is a companionship of books as well as of men；and one should always live in the best company, whether it be of books or of men.

A good book may be among the best of friends. It is the same today that it always was, and it will never change. It is the most patient and cheerful of companions. It does not turn its back upon us in times of adversity or distress. It always receives us with the same kindness；amusing and instructing us in youth, and comforting and consoling us in age.

Men often discover their affinity(关系）to each other by the mutual love they have for a book just as two persons sometimes discover a friend by the admiration which both entertain for a third. There is an old proverb, “Love me, love my dog. ” But there is more wisdom in this:“Love me ，love my book. ” The book is a truer and higher bond of union. Men can think, feel, and sympathize with each other through their favorite author. They live in him together, and he in them.

Books possess an essence of immortality. They are by far the most lasting products of human effort. Temples and statues decay, but books survive. Time is of no account with great thoughts, which are as fresh today as when they first passed through their author’s minds，ages ago. What was then said and thought still speaks to us as vividly as ever from the printed page. The only effect of time has been to sift out(筛选）the bad products; for nothing in literature can long survive but what is really good.

The great and good do not die, even in this world. Embalmed in books, their spirits walk abroad. The book is a living voice. It is an intellect to which one still listens.

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参考范文：

People should choose the best men and books to be their companion (要点1). And a good book could not only be one of their best friends who is usually a man(要点2)，but also be the bridge of friendships among people(要点3) . Besides，books are considered to be immortal in essence, especially good books(要点4) . Therefore, good books are really important and helpful to all the people(要点5) .

分析过程：

试题详解

1，核心内容

本文是一篇说明文，全文共分五段。第一段主要讲于书于人，我们都应以最好的为伴。第二段紧接第一段内容，用三个特殊时期书扮演的角色来强调好书就像是你最好的朋友。第三段又从第二段人与书的友谊递进到人与人之间的友谊，阐述了书是人们之间真诚而高尚的情谊纽带。第四段则从另外一个方面强调了书独有的本质，即好书的不朽性。第五段是第四段的续写，更是全文的总结部分，它再次强调了书的不朽性和重要性。

2，写作思路

(1)抓住文章的中心。本文讲述了书籍的作用，观点比较鲜明。该文第一段的主题句是“one should always live in the best company，whether it be of books or of men”；第二段从第一段的

其中一个方面进行叙述，即书籍方面，并正式将文章框定在书籍这个话题，因此主题句为段落首句“A good book may be among the best of friends.”。第三段将人与人之间的友谊与书籍联系在一起，主题句为段落中间的一句话“The book is a truer and higher bond of union. ”。第四段的主题句十分明显，即段落首句“Books possess an essence of immortality. ”。第五段段落简短，没有明显的主题句，需要读者自己归纳总结，总的来说，该段是在说明书的不朽性和重要性。

(2)转换表达的方式。第一段中包含要点1,即于人于书，都要找最好的作为自己的伙伴。为了避免与原文重复，我们可以将原文中的“live in the best company”改成“choose the best men and books to be their companion”。第二段中包含要点2,原文中的“among the best of friends”可以改成“one of the best friends”。要点3在第三段中，它强调了书籍是人们情谊的纽带，可以把“bond of union”改成“bridge of friendship”,并且要点3与要点2紧密相连，呈递进关系，故可以用“what’s more”进行连接。第四段中包含要点4,即书籍的不朽性，该要点与前面的要点关系不明显，可以看作并列关系，选择关系词besides比较恰当。此外，我们可以用词性转换的方式将immortality变为它的形容词immortal。第五段中心句很难找，但是要点还是明确的，故我们可以归纳为“ the immortality and importance of a good book”,并且，该段为终结段落，故可以用上表总结的连词，如“therefore, thus, all in all”等。

提炼归纳：

1，利用同义复现

本范文中我们将company表达为同义词companion,并用“the bridge of friendship”替换“the bond of union”。同时，可以利用转换词性的方法来避免重复，如将immortality变为它的形容词immortal。如此一来，不仅可以避免重复原文内容，还可以使该概要简洁且全面。