汉语四字格地分类

汉语四字格的分类四字格词语是汉语词汇的一大特点，它一般由分成前后两个部分的四个词素构成从语法关系看，词组中前后两个部分可以是主谓、动宾、偏正或者并列关系从结构上看，四字格由自由词组和固定词组组成。

自由词组是临时组成的，可以随意拆散，重新组合，例如：“品种齐全，做工精细”等；而固定词组是一个整体，四个语素不能拆开、随意更换。

四字格的汉英翻译方法汉语中出现的四字格，很多只是为了读起来上口，对仗，并没有太深的寓意，在英语中我们并不一定能找到一个表达形式与之对应，我们只需准确理解其真正含义，然后进行翻译：1将四字格前后两个词语分开2判断这两个词语属于什么词类3、分析前后两个词语间的逻辑关系4、通过逻辑关系确定翻译方法并列关系法：将前后两个词语分别译成相应的英语译文，然后中间用并列连词” an（连”接即可。

名山大川famous mountains and grea 名胜古迹sce nic spots andhistoricalsites青山绿水gree n hills and clear wSt等互禾U equality and mutual bene扬长避短play up stre ngths and avoid weal反腐倡廉fight corrupti on and build a clea ngoV集思m广益draw on collective wisom and absorb all useful ideas语义重复法：这类四字格前后两个词语的语意是一样的，如果前后两个词语都翻译的话就构成语义重复了，所以在翻译这类四字格的时候，只需翻译一项语义就行层峦叠嶂peaks rising one after ar（优胜e劣汰survival of the fit审时度势size up the trend of ev fe n商引资attract investment目的关系法：这类四字格前后两个词语具有目的关系, 动词不定对于这类四字格可以采用式或者介词短语来表达目的状语减员增效dow nsize （and cutpayroll） to improve efficie ncy （退耕fficie ncy）还林return cultivated land to forest or 集^资办学raise money to set up new schoo结党营私form cliques for private扭|3亏为盈turn a loss-making enterprise into a profitable one途径方式法：具有这种逻辑关系的四字格可以采用介词through ,accordi ng to, with等介词短语表达相应的方式状语寓教于乐teach through lively act因材施教teach stude nts accord ing totheir aptitu按劳分酉己distributi on accord ing to perfor以商养e文support /sp on sor cultural activities with the profits from doing bus in ess偏正词组法：对于偏正关系的四字格必有一主一次，将其中一个词语处理为修饰性成分，而将另外一个处理为中心词廉洁奉公hon estly perform ones official d S境绿化en vir onmen talgree nin超前消费premature con sumpti on; Over-c on sume; excessive con sumpti以强凌弱the strong domin eeri ng over th以人为本people foremos t; People-orie nted动宾关系：优势互补compleme nt eaxt h e' s adva nta自主经营，自负盈亏make ones own management decisions, take full responsibility for one own profits and losses条件关系：不进贝U退n o progress simply means regressi on省略意向：瞻前顾后overcautiou s过于谨慎的）and indecisi犹豫不决的）源远流长have a long hist呕心、沥血spare no effcffti龙点睛bring out the crucial po花天酒地go on the loo汗e马功劳exploits闻名遐迩famou独具匠心orig ina中流砥柱main stay, chief corn ers鱼米e之乡a land of milk and hone世外卜桃源a have n of peace叠词的翻译叠词是汉语的一种特殊词汇现象，使用非常普遍。

汉语的名词、数词、量词、形容词、副词、动词以及象声词都有重叠变化，其主要形态格式有一下十类：1. AA天天、看看、洋洋、哄哄2. AAB毛毛雨、洗洗手、刷刷牙、写写字3ABB眼巴巴、水汪汪、凉丝丝、亮堂堂4.AAB高高兴兴、认认真真、三三两两、滴滴答答5ABAB —个一个、雪白雪白、飞快飞快、漆黑漆黑6. A —A看一看、试一试、热一热、猜一猜7. A了（一）A:看了看、试了试、摸了摸、拍了拍（看了一看、试了一试、摸了一摸、拍了一拍）8. A呀/呵A唱呀唱、游呀游、走呀走、读呀读9. A着A着：说着说着、数着数着、跳着跳着、骑着骑着10. A里AB糊里糊涂、傻里傻气、娇里娇气、罗里罗嗦另外还有AABC式（楚楚动人）BCAA式（风雪茫茫）ABA Q一举一动）A都A不式（爬都不爬）这些格式使用率不高。

汉语词汇重叠后，一般无词性变化。

但是词义大都会发生变化。

叠词词义变化可归纳为三种情况。

1增义：增加语义2强义：加强语意3弱义：减缓语意叠词的翻译虽然英语有重叠元音或辅音而形成的词汇，有类似于重叠的单词连续反复，以及象声词重叠的现象。

但是，与汉语的重叠变化来说相去甚远，它们远不足以翻译汉语的叠词。

因此，大多数情况下，只能舍弃其形式而译其意义，用比较切近、自然的译文表达出原文的语意和体现重叠后词的词义变化。

尽管如此，我们还是可以从中找出一基本的翻译方法。

1借助every al、each等词语，以表达增义的语意，例如：件件衣服都很漂亮All of these suits of clothes are beatiful.绿化祖国，人人有责It ' s everybod y s duty to make our motherland green.2用相同的词连续反复的方法翻译，汉英中，同一个词用介词(after, i n, to, upo n,with等)或and连续起来使用，用连字符连接起来使用，或者用逗号隔开重叠使用。

以此来“增义或强义”一天一天、一年一年Day after day and year after year农民犁田只能一块一块地犁Peasa nts can only plough the land plot by plot.3用复数形式翻译学生三三两两地坐在教室里The stude nts their seats in the classroom by twos and threes.一群一群的人蜂拥而进大厅Crowds of people swarmed into the hall.4.用语义相符的英语表达方式或语法结构表达叠词的强义。

数着数着，两只兔子快到对岸了As they coun ted the two found themselves quite n ear the other side of the river.他们听着听着不觉哈哈大笑起来。

As they listened they burst into laughter.他思绪滚滚，早已忘却约会一事He had bee n so busy with her own emoti on that he had forgotte n about the appo in tment.2017年12月考研的（18年9月入学,暨18考研党）直播课请戳我报名附：一些常用的四字格翻译，这里只给出四字格脱离语境的翻译，放在上下文中一定根据句子要求进行调整。

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