基于单片机的太阳跟踪系统设计

基于单片机的太阳跟踪系统设计

摘要：针对现代社会能源越来越匮乏的现状，以常规能源为基础的能源结构随资源的不断好用将愈来愈不适应可持续发展的需要。太阳能是已知的最原始的能源它干净、可再生、丰富，而且分布范围广，具有非常广阔的利用前景。但太阳能利用效率低，这一问题一直影响和阻碍着太阳能技术的普及。太阳能自动跟踪系统的设计为解决这一问题提供了新途径，从而大大提高了太阳能的利用效率。本设计采用光电跟踪的方法，利用步进电机双轴驱动，由光电传感器根据入射光线的强弱变化产生反馈信号到微机处理器。微机处理器运行程序，通过对跟踪机构进行水平、俯仰两个自由度的控制，调整太阳能电池板的角度实现对太阳的跟踪。采用单片机来实现的太阳能追踪系统能有效提高太阳板的光电转化效率，并具有较广泛的应用前景。

关键词：太阳能；跟踪；光敏二极管；单片机；步进电机

Design of Sun Tracking System Based on Single Chip

Microcomputer

Abstract: According to the status that increasingly lack of energy in modern society, conventional energy-based energy structure with the continuous consumption of resources will become increasingly unsuited to the needs of sustainable development. Solar energy is known as the most primitive energy, and it is clean、renewable、rich and wide distribution and has wide prospects of use. But the solar energy utilization efficiency is low; the problem has been influencing and hindering the popularity of solar energy technology. Solar energy to be automatic tracking system designed to solve the problem provide the new way which greatly improve the efficiency in the use of solar energy. This design uses the photoelectric tracking method, and use the stepping motor driver, by photoelectric sensor incident, then the strength o f the light’s changes produce feedback signals to the computer processor, and computer processor will run the program, through the horizontal tracking mechanism and pitch two degrees of freedom control to adjust the angle of solar panels to achieve the tracking of the sun. Solar tracking system by single chip microcomputer to achieve can improve the efficiency of conversion of photoelectric Solar panels, and has a broad prospect of application.

Key words:Solar energy;Tracking;Photosensitive diode ;SCM;Stepping motor

目录

1绪论 (1)

1.1课题研究背景 (1)

1.1.1国外现状 (1)

1.1.2国内现状 (1)

1.1.3目前太阳能的开发和利用 (2)

1.2太阳光跟踪的方法 (2)

1.2.1光电跟踪 (2)

1.2.2时日运动轨迹跟踪介绍 (2)

1.3系统的原理叙述 (3)

2方案研究与选取 (5)

2.1方案一 (5)

2.2方案二 (5)

2.3方案的确定 (6)

3硬件电路分析 (7)

3.1AT89C52单片机模块 (7)

3.1.1单片机的选取 (7)

3.1.2 AT89C52单片机模块电路设计 (7)

3.1.3单片机复位电路的设计 (8)

3.2电源引入模块 (9)

3.3时钟模块 (9)

3.3.1 时钟分频芯片74LS74 (10)

3.3.2时钟模块电路设计 (10)

3.4光强度采集模块 (11)

3.4.1光电器件的选择 (11)

3.4.2光强度采集模块电路设计 (12)

3.5 A/D转换模块 (13)

3.5.1 ADC0809芯片介绍 (13)

3.5.2 ADC0809应用说明 (15)

3.6四位一体数码管显示模块 (17)

3.6.1 LED数码管介绍 (17)

3.6.2数码管显示模块电路 (17)

3.7太阳光跟踪控制模块 (18)

3.7.1步进电机的介绍 (18)

3.7.2步进电机控制电路设计 (19)

3.7.3步进电机的驱动电路原理 (20)

4太阳光跟踪系统的软件设计 (22)

4.1主程序设计及工作原理 (22)

4.2光强度检测程序设计 (22)

4.3步进电机控制程序设计 (23)

4.4数码管显示程序设计 (23)

5硬软件调试 (25)

5.1硬件调试 (25)