Chapter 5 Testing Vocabulary
vocabulary testing
• Thornbury explains that we could ask about anything. The main reason for testing is that it gives us information about how well the students proceed in their learning of English. • It gives us a useful feedback to both teachers and students. It will have a positive effect. • In general, testing helps to "recycle" vocabulary as well as to consolidate it.
We can use it either for testing single words, words in sentences or in texts. Single words can be tested through definitions, for example: tangle means a) type of dance b) a tropical forest c) a confused mass d) a kind of fruit Words can be tested in sentences, for example: There is a good _________ at the Odeon tonight. A) screen B) film C) showing D) acting
Brief overview of vocabulary testing Why to test vocabulary? What to test? Sources of words to test Vocabulary testing techniques Notices
Vocabulary
VocabularyUnit 1 Science VS. the Humanities1.They decided to perpetuate the memory of their leader by erecting a statue.2.After young people step into the society, they will be beset with various temptations.3.The gypsy girl swayed her hips in a sensuous way as she danced.4.The protestant uttered a few commonplaces about peace and democracy.5.The elephant’s trunk is a unique form of appendage.6.By making a remark about the weather unobtrusively, she kept the conversation going.7.His Hamlet was a(an) revelation to the critics.8.When little Tommy could not get his way, his behavior became perverse and contrary.9.Someone must have rummaged about among my papers, for my drawer is in a mess.10.When choosing a job, don’t be swayed just by promises of high earnings.11.You have to see these changes in context: they’re part of a larger plan.12.She strongly denounced the government’s hypocrisy in dealing with the Israeli-Palestine issue.13.He hopes to gain her favor by pandering to her desire for continuous praise.14.The rain sent all the farmers who were working in the fields scurrying for shelter.15.The police questioned the veracity of the suspect’s statement.16.Each morning the priest spent an hour in quiet contemplation.17.If one aids and abets a criminal, he is also considered culpable.18.To put it bluntly, this article is too verbose, we must edit it.19.Even though the evidence is overwhelming, if one juror is still skeptical, the case must be retried.20.Although we are in different parties, his ideas on politics are exactly in line with mine.21.The report made out its case for increased spending on education.22.Celebrated the world over for his writing, he still refused to put himself in the foreground.23.Producers of pornographic material often claim that they are catering to a psychological need.24.By dint of sheer toughness and real courage, the expeditioners（探险队员，考察队员）lived through the jungle difficulties and dangers.25.“Could I impose on you for a little help with this letter? I don’t quite know the best way to phrase it without causing offense.”26.Racial discrimination and injustice are ubiquitous and deeply ingrained in this country.pared with modern satellite dishes, ordinary TV aerials look positively antiquated.mon sense and creativity are some of the intangibles we’re looking for in an employee.29.His parents had settled in the crowded ghettoes（犹太人区，贫民区）of the big city, surrounded by desperate poverty and anarchic violence.30.The Prime Minister had an in-depth exchange of views and reached broad agreement with his European counterparts on questions of protecting environment for human survival and combating international crimes.Unit 3 The Age of Advertising1.Graduates who intend to get on in the state system have, in their own interests, to conform to the rule and take the additional one-year course that is provided for them.2.Do you think that Joy will get the award for this year’s best fashion designer? She is hard-working and able, but no genius.3.The new fashion soon lost its appeal awaiting the next cycle.4.Her pulse started throbbing when she saw there were books scattered over the carpet and a bowl of roses was overturned.5.It was a large house containing a spacious sitting-room, four separate bedrooms and a communal kitchen.6.The big Yorkshire combine, John Smith’s Tadcaster brewery, was reported to merge with Warwick and Richardson, the brewers of Newark, Notts.7.The increasing tempo of the new economic world could no longer afford to dispense with mechanics, hydrostatics, optics, navigation, etc.8.This is an ambitious scheme to raise such a big sum of money in such a short time.9.His reluctance to admit the failure outraged public opinion.10.In some ways it will be a testing occasion for him, although some think his position unassailable simply because there is no one else in sight to supplant him.11.Rome was not built in a day: strongholds of tradition reinforced by stubborn religious conviction, often biased and prejudiced, could not be broken down in a moment.12.All the publicity stunts in an advertising campaign were contrived to promote the sales of the products.13.When truth is mingled with falsehood, truth is no longer taken as truth.14.Equally important have been the Hobhouse journals, a vast mass of material partly in the British Museum, partly in the possession of the Hobhouse family in Somerset.15.Well prepared and confident, Tim appeared unabashed by all the media attention.16.The impact of computer has been likened to that of the printing press.17.The 16th century decorative style is grotesque in that parts of human, animal, and plant forms are distorted and mixed.18.He was reputed to be the real writer of the two epic poems.19.The tyrannical ruling and heavy taxation nourished strong resentment from the oppressed.20.During the presidential election campaign, strategies and oratory are both crucial for public debates.21.The spreading scandalous rumors severely undermined his reputation as a fierce warrior and trustful leader.22.Mrs. Robin was driven almost insane by the inconsolable grief at her husband’s sudden death.23.The ancient epic written by the anonymous writer glorified the hero’s deeds in battle.24.She seemed to be obsessed with irrational fear that someone was plotting to murderher.25.A profound frightful stillness spread over the city. Suddenly weird shrieks were heard in the darkness.Unit 4 A Jazz Tradition1．Some contemporary(同时代的) musicians deliberately use dissonance（谐音）to achieve certain effects.2．The workers’demand for higher wages（工资）was a catalyst（催化剂）which led to important social changes.3．In a poem, cadences（节奏）are arranged in regular sequence.4．His earthy(粗俗的) sense of humor often embarrassed the ladies in his audience.5．In order to create vivid characters in his novel, a writer has to draw down his imagination and experience.6．The unskilled eye of the layman has difficulty in discerning（识别）the nuances（细微差别）of color in the paintings.7．He would sit at the piano and improvise for hours on themes from Bach and Handel.8．It was undeniable that this invention heralded（预示…的到来）the age of the computer.9．As one of the greatest soloists in the world，Callas had an astonishing vocal range.10．In terms of stellar(星球的)distances a journey from the earth to the moon would appear very short.11．The advertising of cigarette and tobacco is as insidious as it is dishonest because the advertisements on display always depict（描述）virile，clean-shaven young men and suggest it is manly to smoke, even positively healthy.12．Despite his great commercial success he still yearns for（渴望）critical approval.13．Several attempts to arrange a protest（抗议）march failed to gather momentum（动力）.14．It is believed that credit is the lifeblood(命脉) of the consumer society.15．Flighty（轻浮的，轻狂的）women can not be relied on because they often have volatile（多变）dispositions(性情).16．Autism（自闭症）is a total lack of language, a pervasive lack of responsiveness to people, and peculiar speech patterns.17．Brevity is essential when you send a telegram or cablegram；you are charged for every word.18．There’s no use wailing（哭泣）over mistakes made in the past.You should pluck up（拾起）courage to face the problems.19．He failed the exam because none of his answers were pertinent（切题的）to the questions asked.20．Nothing he says is spontaneous; he always thinks carefully before he speaks.21．Steel is highly resilient（弹性）and therefore is used in the manufacture of springs.22．We can meld our two small businesses into a larger one for further development.23．In his farewell performance, the famous musician played a piano sonata of his own composition.24．You can not deny the fact that his business skill complements her flair(资质，天分) for design.25．The crude typewriter on display in this museum is the prototype of the elaborate machines in use today.26．Her feeling of exuberance was so contagious that all the other patients were soon smiling or laughing.27．This riot（暴乱）is only one manifestation of people’s discontent（不满）.It is imperative （必要的）that the government should take actions to improve their working style.28．Bessie’s mind was not quite in tune with（与…一致）the profundities（深奥）of that learned journal（学术期刊）.29．The funeral was interrupted by a burst of gunfire as the priest intoned the liturgy（祷告文）for the latest victim of the fighting.30．The way the police treated him was akin to the worst sort of torture（折磨）.Unit 5 The Science of Custom1.Wishes to know the unknown, control the uncontrollable and bring order to chaos are basically human attributes.2.Most of the social sciences tend to fasten their attention on a single society, usually the particular country.3.They fawned those in favor and bullied those who had fallen from grace.4.These cues, which may be words, gesture, facial expressions, customs or norms, are acquired by all of in the course of growing up and are as much as a part of our culture as the language we speak or the belief we accept.5.Individuals differ greatly in the degree in which culture shock affects them.6.Stereotypes originate develop from numerous sources such as jokes, textbooks, movies and television7.The past experiences, successes and failures, education, family background, etc., can shape out mental attitude toward life.8.Anthropology distinguishes itself from all other social sciences by offering a distinctive cross-cultural perspective to compare the customs of our society with those of others.9. The critic Dorothy Parker wrote that play which runs the gamut of emotions from hope to despair.10.That country boasts a far-flung coast line with many natural harbors.11.No matter how much the anthropologist learns about that culture, he or she remains a(n) alien there.12.Those tribal groups retain their tribal identity and uniqueness by conscious efforts to prescribe the traditional and customary and to reject the new.13.Mental retardation refers to significantly sub-average general intellectual functioning existing concurrently with deficits in adaptive behavior,and manifested during the developmental period.14.The plain was blanketed with the pristine whiteness of newly-fallen snow.15.His position makes it incumbent to look into this thorny issue.16.In the debate, both sides should not judge the issue by their own preferential weighting of it.17.By preserving their language and much of their aboriginal ritual structure, the Rio Grande Pueblos have been able to maintain their culture and identity for more than 300 years, despite their nominal conversion to Catholicism.18.The aberrant behavior of Johnson,s aroused great concern among his colleagues.19.Tyior’s definition of culture focuses on beliefs and behavior that people acquire not through biological heredity but by growing up in a particular society where they are exposed to a specific cultural tradition.20.It is a fact that the old superstitious beliefs still hold sway over people,s mind in some countries.21.By viewing life,s various peaks in terms of physiology we can easily get the feeling that we are part of a giant give-and-take plan.22.The painting was a valuable family possession which had been handed down from generation to generation.23.she studies many magazines and books about fashion, entertaining and correct social behavior as she wants to appear sophisticated.24.The self-image is a premise upon which your entire personality, your behavior and even your circumstances are built.25.Lovelock put forward his postulate that the physical and chemical condition of the surface of the Earth, of the atmosphere and of the oceans has been and is actively made fit and comfortable by the presence of life itself.26.His fortuitous presence and his prompt action saved the child from the disaster.27.The imaginative engineers finally produced an elaborate design for Disney Land in Florida.28.The legal cases he elaborated on were beyond the pale of his comprehension.29.It was a land where civilization had reached its depth,and cunning intrigue was the distinguishing feature of behavior .30.The new law gives the police summary powers to expel suspected terrorists from the country.Unit 7 Labor, Leisure, and the New Class1. With hard work and a bit of luck he quickly rose to affluence and established a computer empire all by himself.2. She could find no plausible explanation for the disappearance of the documents; nor could she give any evidence for her whereabouts at the time they were stolen.3. The people throughout the world are willing to work towards, and fight for, ifnecessary, the elimination of the terrorism from the world scene.4. After a riot, drastic measures were taken to restore order in the city.5. The government is planning to transform large areas of marginal land into suitable for crop growing .6. He mistakenly thought he had a permanent claim on the Party simply because he had performed some useful services in the past.7. The military intervention by one country in the affairs of another should be strongly condemned and prohibited by international law and legitimate forces.8. Journeying through the world is a hazardous business and it is mistake to look for too much security.9. Graham realized, nearly two hundred years ago, that alcohol diminished physical and sexual performance.10. For many years they had worked without stint to the best of their ability and knowledge for their job.11. The foregoing precedent need not prejudice our assessment of Frank’s prospects unduly as there are extenuating circumstances in his case.12.Owen returned to his native land and was soon in trouble with the magistrates of Edinburgh for giving a lecture deemed improper for public discussions.13. Teaching is regarded by some as an unrewarding profession financially.14. Can we solve the border conflict between the two countries without resort to force?15. Of course there is some truth in all this, but only up to a point.16. Stamp duty on share transactions is prohibitively high for the newcomer with less than 500 to invest and exemption could be made for sums under this.17. Cold and exhaustion at length forced the Indians to make for the shore under cover of darkness,with the leaves of aquatic plants as the camouflage for their heads.18. It might well be that the foundations of the new field would be laid,and never before had such tremendous innovations and plans for the future been contemplated.19. For a long time it was thought to be a harmless substance but there,s recently been some proof to the contrary and you,re now warned off it.20. The general grant takes account of the cost of local services and has beensubstantially increased each year since its introduction.21. Fixed to such a stand,the drill can be brought to the job with great precision ,while pressure is increased easily by using the spring-loaded lever provided with the assembly.22. Prima facie evidence is sometimes sufficient to establish a fact or to raise a presumption of the truth of a fact unless controverted.23. On this return to the council meeting attired in the mayoral robes,and after taking the oath of the office,the new Mayor thanked the council for the honor they had accorded to him.24. However impeccable her own behavior,she should avoid living with,or near,people who clearly have less regard for convention.25. After a few sleepless nights surfing on the cyber-net he became so slack that he kept making silly mistakes.26. In a dignity consonant with his rank he deports himself in public as if high rank automatically confers the right to be obeyed.27. The increasing sale of luxury goods is a(n) index of the country,s prosperity.28. Institutions like universities should indoctrinate young people with the morals and values generally accepted by the society.29. The last of the old man,s exiguous saving was donated to the Hope Project used for the education of a parentless teenager.30. Martin Luther King was a leader of the movement of civil rights and an advocator of nonviolence ,for violence was abhorrent to his gentle nature and the cause he pursued all his life.Unit 11 The Language of Colors, Myths, and Symbols1. She is annoyed by the hypocrisy of some governments which claim to support equal rights but never give women important government posts.2. The members in favor of his suggestion signified their agreement by raising their hands.3. I do not believe that I am a vindictive man, but when the immortal gods take a hand in the matter it is pardonable to observe the result with complacency.4. In the Western religious culture God is regarded as the primal force in the universe.5. His paper is well written with coherent arguments and original viewpoints.6. In the imperial system length is measured in inches, feet and yards, weight in ounces and pounds and volume in pints and gallons.7. Social Darwinism was a perversion of Darwin’s evolutionary ideas which constituted the dominant intellectual paradigm of the time.8. The social behavior of ants and bees is determined, by and large, by instinct.9. More care in the future will prevent recurrence of such a mistake.10. But, Mr. Senator, this is not the point in question! You have misunderstood me.11. West Lake boasts a fine landscape making the tourists reminiscent of the picture of a fairy tale.12. The African boys have to go through the initiation ceremony before they are acknowledged as adults.13. There have been many modern movements within India to ease the hardships brought about by the caste system, especially as it affects those without any caste, the “untouchable”.14. In these primitive tribes you will find that their religious are all tinged by superstition.15. Prudence, justice, fortitude, temperance, faith, hope, and charity are considered to be cardinal virtues in ethics.16. All the negotiators have expressed considerable ambivalence about the prospects for peace.17. That village would hold mystic rites and ceremony each year to invoke the gods’blessing for the coming year.18. The revival of classical Literature brought about the great change in the minds of the populace in the 16th century in Europe.19. I looked strange, not to say dangerous. Hatless, dew-soaked, smeared with yellow mud, and holding, as if it were a baby or a bomb, a little tin pail of sand.20. Some scientist hypothesized that there are intelligent beings on some celestial bodies.21. The Civil Defense evacuated all the inhabitants from the area where the storm was predicted to visit.22. The driver tried to avert the accident by bringing his car to a sudden stop, butbecause of brake failure he had to crash it up against a lamppost by the roadside.23. Some imitations are so well-wrought that one will never distinguish them from the genuine ones.24. I can’t dissociate the man from his political opinions-they’re one and the same thing.25. The proposed environmental amendment has not been ratified by all fifty states.26. Her style of dress accentuated her extreme slenderness and invited all attention at the party.27. The disease which once claimed millions of lives in the world has now been eradicated.28. Some young writhers will deliberately travesty Whitman’s style of poetic creations to achieve certain effects.29. The rivalry between the tow construction companies was obvious, neither would give way to the other.30. The police have been accused of having stereotyped images of black people.Unit 13 Society and the Individual1.He was amenable to any suggestions which came from those he looked up to; he resented advice from his inferiors.2.Don’t keep asking me what to do; use your own discretion.3.Though the chairman made a long speech, what he said fell under three general heads.4.The government is bringing in stricter laws to deter drunken drivers.5.The terrorists made the pilot accept their demands not to land by coercion.6.The punishment had a salutary effect on the boy as he became a model student.7.The crafty lawyer was influenced more by expediency than by the love of justice.8.His problem seemed to be complex in the first instance, but they could solve it easily.9.The judge said he would forbear from sending her to prison, on the condition that she promised not to steal again.10.Out of hatred for cruelty and unjust power, the people united and rebelled against the despotism of the king.11.There was a highly speculative story in the newspaper today about the possibility of tax increases.12.He interposed his considerable bulk( i.e. body) between me and the window, so thatI could not see out.13.Let us be exact in what we say so as to preclude any possibility of misunderstanding.14.Joan of Arc refused to renounce her statements even though she knew she would be burned at she stake as a witch.15.The consequences of the establishment of the colonies were a rapid and careless depletion of natural resources, and appalling human suffering.16.I would contend that unemployment is our most serious social evil.17.Whether Captain Turnbill or I was right remains to be proved in the sequel.18.They would never countenance such a plan because it did not seem to be workable.19.The workers agreed to forgo a pay increase for the sake of greater job security.20.The encroachment of the factories upon the neighborhood lowered the value of the real estate.21.The newly promoted captain asserted his authority by making the two contending sides be quiet.22.He is mentally ill and cannot be held accountable for his actions.23.Some cells, such as epithelia(上皮细胞), proliferate more rapidly when the body is asleep than when it is awake.24.She feels guilty because her conscience remonstrates against a sinful life.25.The special prosecutor determined that the Attorney General, though inept, had not intentionally set out to impede the progress of the investigation.26.Students of the Berry School for Mountain Children helped pay for their education by doing part-time labor that pertained to their particular course of study.27.The most typical feature of the Moon’s surface is its profusion of craters, the largest of which are more than one hundred miles in diameter.28.He shows fortitude in spite of his misfortunes, so I have implicit faith in his success.29.Maria Callas became one of the world’s most widely known opera singers because of her musical talent, acting ability, and fiery disposition.30.After taking his office, the commissioner set out to perform the duties incident to his position of responsibility.Unit 14 The Fabric of Meaning1.In corroboration of his story he produced a signed statement from his employer.2.The discovery of the planet Pluto is an excellent example of the results that can be obtained from inductive reasoning.3.The removal of American political support appeared to have precipitated the downfall of the Marcos regime.4.In order to make his theory understandable the scientist elucidated his theory by a few simple demonstrations.5.Because the damage to his car had been negligible, Michael decided he wouldn’t bother to report the matter to his insurance company.6.After lengthy negotiation, the two sides have reached the trade agreement which will help to strengthen the nexus between the two countries.7.I’ve got a very prosaic job, so I like to travel to interesting places on my holidays.8.I need some time to get oriented wherever I go to a new place.9. A fall in demand for oil tankers has placed thousands of jobs in the shipbuilding industry in jeopardy.10.So you fitted that wire though that little hole there : that’s very ingenious.11.The throes of despair can be as devastating as the spasms accompanying physical pain.12.They wish to promote a real and effectual understanding between the two countries.13.As I lived in the turbulent years, my personal story was interwoven with war and diplomacy.14.He worked off the fat around his waist by doing physical exercise every morning.15.The abrogation of their trade agreements with the country they were at war with was an impediment to the development of the economy in their own country.16.This country is rife with corruption scandals which have undermined many people’s faith in the government.17.This new technique was acclaimed as a medical breakthrough.18.Knowing she needed to have a solid majority for the budget to pass, the mayor telephoned all the members of the city council to solicit their votes.19.The dancer confounded the critic who said she was finished by giving the best performance of the life.20.That ideology is dangerous to his country because it embrace undemocratic philosophies,21.Nobody minded when Professor Renior’s lectures wandered away from the official theme; his digressions were always more fascinating than the topic of day.22.After numerous experiments, nutritionists have found that there is more sustenance in cocoa than in tea.23.In his will, he requested that after payment of debts, taxes, and funeral expenses, the residue be given to his wife.24.Undoubtedly, he has high social position. However, if he defies the law, he may also find himself in prison.25.Many educators tried to put pupils of similar abilities in the same class because they believe that this homogeneous grouping is advisable.26.Although the intrinsic value of this award is small, I shall always cherish it.27.Paul was severely criticized by the leader because his behavior is totally incompatible with the aims of the society.28.Before agreeing to reduce American military forces in Europe, the president stipulate that NATO teams be allowed to inspect Soviet bases.29.The speaker dwelt on that point for several minutes, and the audience were annoyed and bored by his discursive remarks.30.With the help of science and technology, motorways have largely superseded ordinary roads for long-distance travel.。
Chapter 5 Testing Vocabulary
- the students’ textbook (provided the items approximate to those used in natural speech situations);
5.1 Selection of items
A careful selection, or sampling, of lexical items for inclusion in a test is generally a most exacting task (艰巨的工作).
What do traditional types of vocabulary tests test?
They test a knowledge of words which are rarely used in ordinary speech.
What are the tasks for the writer of a vocabulary test?
The first task is to determine the degree on testing the students’ active or passive vocabulary.
(a) the use of false synonyms ( words with equivalent meanings to the key word
underlined ): I’d like to book two _____ in the circle, please.
seats (correct answer) chairs (false synonym)
雅思5 test 1 vocab 总结
雅思5Test 1Section 1Deposit n.储蓄，存款；保证金；沉淀物；寄存，寄存品vt.&vi.储蓄；寄存；放置，安置；付保证金Section 2Tip n.顶端；小费；小建议，小窍门；轻拍vt.给小费；倾斜，翻倒；装顶端vi.给小费；翻倒；倾覆cot n.小床；小房子Verdict [ˈvɚdɪkt] n.（陪审团的）裁决；裁定；（经过试验、检验或体验发表的）决定；意见Brake [brek]n.制动器，闸；刹车；阻碍vt.& vi.刹（车）Hazard [ˈhæzəd]vt.冒险；使遭受危险n.危险；冒险的事；机会；双骰子游戏Niggle [ˈnɪɡəl]vi.为小事操心，吹毛求疵；不断地烦扰Discontinue vt.& vi.（使）终止，中断，中止Detach [dɪˈtætʃ] vt.分离，拆开；派遣；分派；使超然Rust n.铁锈；锈病，锈菌；荒废，停滞；锈，锈色vt.& vi.（使）生锈；[植]害锈病；变钝，荒废Bent adj.弯曲的；决心的；<英>腐败的；同性恋n.爱好，癖好；[建]排架；剪股颖属草；[植]梗草，荒草地v.（使）弯曲，屈身(bend的过去式和过去分词)Section 3Diploma [dɪˈplomə] n.毕业文凭；学位证书；公文；奖状v.发毕业文凭Prospectus [prəˈspɛktəs]n.内容说明书；（即将出版的书等的）内容介绍，简介；计划书，意见书；（讲义等的）大纲Intensive [ɪnˈtɛnsɪv]adj.加强的，强烈的；[农]精耕细作的；[语]加强语意的；（农业方法）集约的n.加强器；[语]强义词，强调成份Financial adj.财政的；财务的；金融的；有钱的Circumstance n.环境，境遇；事实，细节；典礼，仪式vt.使处于某种特定的情况之下Relevant adj.有关的，中肯的；相关联的；确切的；有重大意义[作用]的，实质性的Current adj.现在的；最近的；流行的；流传的n.趋势；电流；水流；涌流Qualification n.资格，授权；条件，限制；合格证书Afford to （买）得起（某物）Modular [ˈmɑdʒəlɚ] adj.模的；（尤指英国大学里的课程）分单元的（由独立单元组成，学生可选修）；（机器、建筑等）组合式的；模块化的Flexible adj.灵活的；易弯曲的；柔韧的；易被说服的Seminar n.研讨班，讲习会；研讨小组；研讨会；培训会Mixture n.混合，混杂；混杂的事物[人群]；混合（状态）Survey vt.调查；勘测；俯瞰Attractive adj.有魅力的；引人注目的；迷人的；招人喜爱的Section 4Attitude n.态度，看法；[戏剧]（表演时的）姿势Be unwilling to 不愿意Pretension [prɪˈtɛnʃən]n.假装，做作；要求，主张；自负；借口vt.[建]预张，预拉Assumption n.假定，假设；承担；想当然；采取Tend to 朝某方向；趋向；偏重Household n.家庭，户；（集合词）全家人，（包含人在内的）家眷，家属，家里人；家庭；（英）王室adj.家庭的，家内的，一家的；日常的，家常的，普通的；家喻户晓的；王室的Priority n.优先，优先权；（时间，序上的）先，前；优先考虑的事；[数]优先次序Spouse n.配偶，夫或妻Poverty n.贫穷；缺乏，不足；贫瘠，不毛；低劣Crisis n.危机；危难时刻；决定性时刻，紧要关头；转折点Pension n.退休金，养老金；膳宿费；生活津贴；寄宿学校vt.发给…养老金[退休金]；准予退休，强迫退休（并发给退休金）Inform vt.通知；使活跃，使充满；预示vi.通知；告发Initiative n.主动性；主动精神；倡议；主动权adj.自发的；创始的；初步的Enrolling v.招收( enrol的现在分词)；吸收；入学；加入；[亦作enrol]( enroll的现在分词)；登记，招收，使入伍（或入会、入学等），参加，成为成员；记入名册；卷起，包起Profitable adj.有利可图的，有益的；可赚钱的，合算的Low-risk 低危的，低风险的Investment n.投资，投资额；封锁；（时间、精力的）投入；值得买的东西Proportion n.比，比率；[数学]比例（法）；面积；相称，平衡vt.使成比例；使相称；使均衡。
计算机英语学生用书(第二版)习题答案chapter 05.
II. True or False III.Answering Questions IV. Translating Terms
Vocabulary
V. Selecting Words
Collocation Summary
• First generation—— machine language • Second generation—— assembly language • Third generation—— high-level languages • Fourth generation—— very-high-level
5. T
IIV. Exercises—Comprehension
III. Answer the following question.
1. List the five steps of programming.
1. Programming is traditionally a five-step problem-solving process. The five steps are as follows: The first step: Problem definition The second step: Program design The third step: Program coding The fourth step: Program testing The fifth step: Program documentation and maintenance
languages • Fifth generation—— natural languages
hrm-chapter5
(5) Critical incident method Critical incident method: keeping a record of uncommonly good or undesirable examples of an employee’s workrelated behavior and reviewing it with the employee at predetermined times. Advantages: • It provides actual examples of good and poor performance the supervisor can use to explain the person’s rating. • It ensures that the manager or supervisor thinks about the subordinate’s appraisal all during the year. Disadvantage: • Without other rating, this method is not too useful for comparing employees or making salary decisions.
Chapter 5. Appraising and managing performance
Organizational structure Corporation Culture
Job analysis HR Planning & recruiting Employee testing & selection Appraising performance Training & development
vocabularytests
Four case studies for vocabulary testsIn chapter five, the author discusses four tests for vocabulary tests: the V oluntary Levels Test; the Eurocentres V ocabulary Size Test (EVST); the V ocabulary Knowledge Scale (VKS) and the Test of English as a Foreign Language (TOEFL). The first two kinds of tests are measures of vocabulary size, whereas the VKS is designed to assess depth of vocabulary knowledge, and the TOEFL is a proficiency test which is closely associated with vocabulary items.The Vocabulary Levels TestThe V ocabulary Levels Test was devised by Paul Nation in the early 1980s as an instrument to help teachers to develop a vocabulary teaching and learning program for students, especially migrant or international students. The test is in five parts, representing five levels of word frequency: 2000 words, 3000 words, 5000 words, the university word level and 10000 words. Each level is intended to relate to specific vocabulary learning objectives. And the test involves word-definition matching, and the definitions are the test items. At each level, there are 36 words and 18 definitions, in groups of six and three respectively; meanwhile, all the words in each group belong to the same class, in order to avoid giving any grammatical clue as to the correct definition. This format was designed to involve as little reading as possible while at the same time minimizing the chances of guessing correctly. In order to validate this test, in 1988, Read conducted an empirical study. According to his study, it is found students vocabulary levels were obviously improved after they finished their university course. But the test is not suitable for learners whose mother tongue is a language which has influenced by Latin for they may have better language foundation. In 1993, Schmitt wrote three new forms of the test. Test takers are presented with a set of sentences including a blank and required to write the missing target word in the blank. This version demanded students to know more word knowledge and use contextual information. Thus researchers believe this version may be an alternative way of assessing productive knowledge, but they have limited evidence. This question is still need to be discussed.The Eurocentres Vocabulary Size TestThis test is a checklist test which presents learners with a series of words and requires them to indicate whether they know each one or not. It includes a substantial proportion of non-words to provide a basis for adjusting the teas-takers’ scores if they appear to be over-stating their vocabulary knowledge. The test is administered on a computer and takes less than ten minutes. Test- takers simply press on the key to signal “yes” or “no” according to their vocabulary knowledge. And if students claim to know some non-words, the final score is reduced. In this test, vocabularyknowledge is a crucial component of the language proficiency and the number of words learners know is directly related to their level of proficiency. The drawback of this test is that not only non-words are unnecessary but they also detract from the measurement quality of a checklist test.The Vocabulary Knowledge ScaleThis test is developed by Sima Paribakht and Mari Wesche to estimate general vocabulary knowledge and also to track the early development of specific words in an instructional or experimental situation. This instrument for quality of vocabulary knowledge measurement consists in effect of two scales: one for eliciting responses from the test-takers and one for scoring the responses. The first scale is presented to the test-takers with a list of words. The scale has five categories. For each word on the list, the takers are asked to decide which category best represents how well they know the word. Category I means that the word is not recognized at all and at category II the word is recognized but the meaning is not known, whereas at the three higher levels they are required to give some verifiable evidence for their response. Category V moves from receptive knowledge to production, in that the takers need to show that they can use the word in a sentence. Therefore, the takers should have grammatical knowledge about the target word and also be aware of an appropriate context for its use. However, some researchers doubt that whether learners’developing knowledge of second language words can be meaningfully represents by just making a sentence for the word may have multiple meanings, and although takers can compose a right sentence, it is still not a good way to find out how well they understand the meaning of the word.The Test of English as a Foreign LanguageTOEFL is one of the major language tests in the world today. It is designed to assess whether foreign students planning to study in a tertiary institution where English is the medium of instruction have a sufficient level of proficiency in the language to be able to undertake their academic studies without being hampered by language related difficulties. From the viewpoint of vocabulary assessment, the history of the TOEFL represents a fascinating case study of how approaches to testing have changed in the latter part of the twentieth century when vocabulary testing has become more embedded and context dependent. The format used in this test is multiple-choice item. From its beginning in 1964 to the mid-1970s, TOEFL included five sections: listening comprehension, English structure, vocabulary, reading and writing. The vocabulary section had two types: labeling sentence completion and synonym matching. And in 1976, Pike improved the vocabulary evaluation method. He introduced “words in context”item type in which the word to be tested was presented in a whole sentence. However, Bachman hold that contextual information in the stem sentence was hardly required to answer the item correctly, and he called toconsider more contextualized test material. Then researchers put forward many format to improve the quality of the vocabulary testing. The best one was one in which numerous target words were embedded in a reading passage, with four multiple choice options for each word. This format had the highest reliability and highest correlation with the total vocabulary scores. In 1995, vocabulary was made an integral part of reading comprehension section. About one word per passage was selected and used as the basis for a multiple choice item. Now, TOEFL is computerized with the development of the technology. In the reading section, the passage appear in a frame on the left side of the screen, and the test items are shown on the right side requiring the takers to locate a synonym within a sentence or so from a target word. This new version represents a step back to a more restricted, context-independent form of vocabulary assessment.。
The testing (grammar, vocabulary, listening, reading, writing and speaking )
丌同范畴的词：
A. black B. green C. red D. hot
B.Replacing items
题干一般是一个戒两个连续的句子。其中，有一个单词戒短语加 有底横线，要求从所给的选择项中选取替代者。这种题型的指令 通常是“选取意义不划线词语最接近的选择项”， 戒“选出最能 取代划线词语而使句子保持原义的选择项”。选择项往往是同义 词。 1.Einstein’s theory of relativity seemed incredible when i t was first introduced. A. unbelievable B. unaccountable C. impressive D. inconsisten 2.She trembled as she admitted what she had done. A. stumbled B. shrank C. hesitated D. shook
2.Representative vocabulary
(the frequence of occurrence)
英语词汇词频表: E.L.Thorndike&I. Lorge: The Teacher’s Word Book of 3,000 Words（1951） Michael West:A General Service List of Englis h Words《英语通用词表》（1953）， Cambridge English Lexicon《剑桥英语词汇册》 The Wright Frequency Count 《莱特词频表》。
Selection of the test words
1.Vocabulary knowledge can be divided into active
Chapter_3__Testing_Vocabulary
Chapter Three T esting V ocabulary The purpose of vocabulary tests is to measure the comprehension and production of words used in speaking or writing. This chapter mainly deals with the testing of the comprehension of wordsI. V ocabulary Choice.1.Choose the words in the syllabus2.Choose the words from the textbooks3.Choose the words from the mistakes in the stu dents’ homework4.Choose the words from the our-of-class reading materials5.Avoid the culture-biased or subject-biased wordsII. Multiple choice completionContext preparation1.“I want to paint, too.”“All right. Use that _______ over th ere.”a.#brushb.pencilc.broomd.spoon2.*Human beings communicate in many ways.Some people ________ disapproval by h olding their nose between theirthumb and forefinger.a.interrogateb.philosophizec.#communicated.investigate3.*Frank is so super stitious that he thinks you’ll have bad luck if you break amirror.Fran k is very________; he says, “Break a mirror, and you’ll have badluck.”4.*Present an an alogy which implies the con cept y ou wish to convey.He didn’t actually say so, but he implied th at you lied.Distracter pr eparation5.*She had to help the _______ old man up th e stairs.a. #weakb. slowlyc. trye.wisdom6.*She needs to get u p earlier so she’s buying an _______ clock.a.timeb.#alarmc.watchd.bell7.*They needed lots of training to operate such ________ equipment.a. easyb.#sophisticatedc. blued.wise8.*She wrote a ______ y esterday.a.#letterb.giftc.friendd.bookIII. Multiple-choice paraphraseContext preparation1.He was ir ate when he heard about the new plans.a.interestedb.surprisedc.#angryd.sad2.My sister is a pilot. She can _______.a.help sick peopleb.make clothesc.# fly an airplaned.teach students at schoolDistracter pr eparation3.*He just hit his shin.a.#legb.cousinc.fenderd.fruit4.*He plans to purchase some candy for his mother.a.makeb.#buyc.selld.steal5.*His r em orse was great indeed.a. wealthb.#sadnessc. strengthd.power6.*The boy is very unusual; he is a genius.a.can see the futureb.has received much moneyc.#has unusual mental, inventive, an d creative abilityd.has a terrible illnessHom eworkA.Improve the following:1.Do you need some ______ to write on?a. #paperb. penc. tabled. material2.The mouse ______ quickly away.a. veryb. littlec. babyd. #ran3.I think he’ll be here in an _______.a. #hourb. soonc. weekendd. day after tomorrow4.They ______ me to get u p right away.a. askedb. neededc. #toldd. wanted5.They told us about the savor y meal that they had just eaten.a. brokenb.# tastyc. unhappyd. helpless6.What would be the most convenient time to come?a.#easy to do a comfortable plan for someoneb.happy or beautifulc.c lose to nowd.first in the dayB.Make two multiple-choice completion items an d two multiple-choice paraphraseitems to test the following four words.Appropriate (adj.) tremble (v) drawback (n) cautiously (adv.)。
Book 3-Unit 5-vocabulary dictation and test(teacher use)-9.3
Unit 5 Word TestDirections: Listen to the words read by the teacher and write down their spellings, parts of speech, and Chinese meanings in the sentences. Then complete the C-E or E-C translating exercises. （单词拼写1分，词性1分，中文意思1分，翻译句子2分）1.counter n. 柜台* 酒贩子因私下售酒给青少年而被捕。
2.curve n.* 司机在拐弯处失控，撞在了一棵树上。
The driver lost control on/at a curve and the vehicle hit a tree.3. inflate v. 充气，使膨胀* 汤姆的救生衣未能充气膨胀。
Tom's life jacket (had) failed to inflate.* Opening the emergency door will automatically inflate the evacuation slides.Chinese meaning: 打开紧急出口的门会使逃生滑梯自动充气。
4. yell v. 号叫，呼喊* 人群大声叫喊着给运动员们加油。
The crowd yelled encouragement at the players.5. numb adj. 无知觉的，麻木的* 我刚去过牙医那儿，脸这会儿还是疼得发麻。
I’ve just been to the dentist and my face is still numb with pain.6. civil adj. （法律）民事的（非刑事的）* 这件民事案明天将开审。
The civil case will come on for trial tomorrow.7. sue v.起诉、控告* 一位以前的病人已经表示要提起诉讼。
language testing 测试练习
Quiz for chapter21.What are the 4 approaches in language testing?2.What is the key idea of psychometric-structuralist approach?3.What levels and modes does this approach analyze language proficiency into？4.Translate: item difficulty, discrimination, criterion proficiency, subtest, sampling, construction,stem/lead, options, distracters, forced-choice items, constructed-response items, discrete-point items, method effect5. Although sampling is an indispensable step in test development, there will be no a sampling error. F6.Test construction is the process of converting the test problems chosen to test items or tasks T7. The most frequently and extensively used test item in a psychometric-structuralist test are multiple-choice items. T8. Directions should be brief，simple and unambiguous. T9. Multiple -choice format remains the most valid measures of language proficiency. F10. This approach is out of date today. F11. This psychometric-structuralist tests are direct tests. F12. The results of the scores are hard to interpret. TQuiz for chapter31．The integrative approach proposed to use holistic procedures to test language proficiency. T2．John W Oller was the leading figure in the campaignagainst psychometric –stucturalist approach. T3．The main ideas of Oller are that language proficiency was indivisible and this indivisibility could be measured directly by pragmatic tests. T4．All test items in a psychometric test is context free. F 5．According to Oller, the first feature of psychometric approach is the involvement of context. F 6．Pragmatic expectance grammar is ability responsible for context dependent language processing. T7．All dictation tests are pragmatic tests. F8．The integrative tests are direct tests and their scores have clear meanings. F9．Cloze tests are designed based on Gestalt Psychology. T 10．The linguistic basis for cloze tests is language redundancy.T11．For standard cloze, there are two ways to delete words from a text：error-counting and right asnwer-counting. F 12．The test taker’s performance on cloze is scored either by exact word method or contextually acceptable method. T 13．Short memory is the container of wording while the long memory is the container of meaning. T14．For dictation tests, the pauses should be in natural breakpoints. T15．Partial dictation is different from standard dictation in that part of it is presented in a printed form. T16．The 1980s witnessed the end of the UCH. T 17．Dictation tests are in lack of domain analysis and sampling, which reduces their validity. TQuiz for chapter 41.In early 20th century, there emerged communicative tests. F2.Both psychometric and integrative tests are ability tests. T3.Needs analysis was first put forward by Brendan Carroll. F4.The characteristics of communicative performance testing aremore readily seen in tests of writing and speaking. T5.According to Carroll, test takers’performance can be scoredwith a 9-band scale. This indicates communicative performance tests are norm-referenced tests. F6.Timothy McNamara is the major developer of OET., aperformance-based test of English as a second language for health professionals. T7.Performance tests are often used for screening and selection.Tmunicative performance tests enable test users to makeconnection between test performance and future language behavior. Tmunicative performance test are low in validity becausethey are scored subjectively. F10.M ultiple scoring and Rash measurement technique are oftenintroduced to increase the reliability of communicative performance tests. T11. According to Carroll, listening, speaking, reading, andwriting are not equal to language skills; instead, they are language performance. T12. In Carroll’s model, listening, speaking and reading, writingare presented in isolation, but in real communication they occur in various combinations. TQuiz for chapter 5municative language ability was proposed by Bachmanand is a new development of communicative competence. T municative competence was first proposed by Hymes inthe 1960s and 1970s, including knowledge that and knowledge how. F3.Canale and Swain’s model divides knowledge in to fourcomponents: grammatical, sociolinguistic, discourse and strategic competence. T4.Bachman’s communicative language ability involveslanguage competence, strategic competence and psychophysical mechanisms, which are subdivided into different components. T(psychophysiological)5.Bachman’s test methods are not specific techniques but aframework of five facets which can be used for different purposes. T6.The relationship between input and response in language testscan be either of the two: reciprocal and nonreciprocal F7.Reciprocal tests must be adaptive tests. T8.Reciprocal language use is characterized by interaction andfeedback. T。
英语词汇学习策略
03
Classify and summarize vocabulary according to theme, part of speech, semantics, etc., forming vocabulary groups, which helps the system remember.
Learning vocabulary through associative memory
Develop a learning plan
Regular review: While learning new vocabulary, it is also important to regularly review vocabulary that has already been learned. The review cycle can be determined based on personal memory and learning plans. It is generally recommended to review and consolidate the vocabulary learned at regular intervals.
Practice reading skills
Use reading techniques such as prediction, inference, and summarization to improve reading comprehension ability.
Improve English reading comprehension ability
Learning vocabulary usage
02
English vocabulary learning strategies
大学英语词汇量测试
Improving reading comprehension
Common vocabulary testing tools
Vocabulary testing is used to evaluate students' language proficiency by assessing their knowledge and understanding of words
Promoting language learning
Fill in the blank or Spot the word tests
In these tests, students are giving a presence or paragraph with missing words and asked to fill in the correct word or complete the presence
Detailed description
GRE Vocabulary Test
SAT (Scholastic Aptitude Test) is a standardized exam used to evaluate the academic abilities of students applying for undergraduate degrees in American universities.
Summary
The TOEFL Vocabulary Test mainly tests the vocabulary of candidates and their understanding and application ability of English vocabulary. The test covers vocabulary in academic, daily life, and work fields, and requires candidates to be able to correctly understand, use, and spell English words.
剑5阅读general training test a解析
剑5阅读general training test a解析英文版The IELTS General Training Test A is designed to assess the English language skills of candidates who are planning to work or study in an English-speaking country. This test consists of four sections: Listening, Reading, Writing, and Speaking. In this article, we will focus on the Reading section of Test A and provide a detailed analysis.The Reading section of Test A contains three passages, each followed by a series of questions. The first passage is usually a descriptive or factual text, while the second passage is more discursive and argumentative. The third passage is typically a longer, more complex text that requires a deeper understanding of the content.One of the key skills that candidates need to demonstrate in the Reading section is the ability to identify main ideas, supporting details, and the writer's purpose. They also need to be able to infer meaning from context, recognize the writer's tone and attitude, and analyze the structure of the text.To excel in the Reading section of Test A, candidates should practice reading a variety of texts, including newspaper articles, essays, and academic papers. They should also work on improving their vocabulary, so they can easily understand the meaning of unfamiliar words in the passages.In conclusion, the Reading section of Test A is a challenging but important part of the IELTS General Training Test. By developing their reading skills and practicing regularly, candidates can improve their performance in this section and achieve their desired score.中文版剑5阅读general training test a解析剑5阅读general training test a旨在评估计划在英语国家工作或学习的考生的英语语言能力。
no5--Vocabulary Test 1 答案
Vocabulary Test 1Class:_______ Group:________ Name:________ Score:________ Part 1. Write down the Chinese meanings of the underlined words1.He tried to make money without compromising his moral values.2. A business cannot thrive without constant investment.3.It is a time filled with anticipation, some anxiety and wonderful discoveries.4.My sister and I have diverse ideal on how to raise children5.What’s your principal reason for wanting to be a doctor?6.Do you belong to any professional associations?7.She disclosed that she had been in prison for theft before she came to this small town.8.The committee doesn’t advocate the use of violence.9.We were all overwhelmed by grief when we heard that many people lost their lives.10.It is not enough just to scan through this article if you want to have a fuller understanding.11.I felt very tired after work, so I refreshed myself with a cool shower.12.I’m now out of hospital and well on the way to recovery.13.In many contexts the word “start” is interchangeable with “begin”14.You should never be frightened to speak up your beliefs under any circumstances.15.For university students, personality development is as important as intellectual development.16.The letter was not addressed to him, but out of curiosity, he opened it.17.It has been confirmed that Barbara will play the main part in the new movie.18.Long-term objectives must be devised if you want to run your business successfully.19.Signing this contract with the other party is crucial to the future of our company.20.I have accumulated a lot of things over the last four years.21.The money was collected for a specific purpose.22.Doctors say that his head injuries are severe and an operation must be performed immediately.23.Cigarette smoking multiplies the risk of cancer.24. A poor diet will ultimately lead to illness.25.He felt obligated to visit his parents every weekend.26.I know you did it deliberately, just to annoy me.27.Realizing that his retirement was near at hand, he looked for some additional income.28.The examination is seen as the only way to a promising career beyond vocational training29.The young girl is especially curious about China's remote mountain areas.30.Most commuters associate public transport with cramped Tube carriages and delays 1. ______________2. ______________3. ______________4. ______________5. ______________6. ______________7. ______________8. ______________9. ______________10. _____________11. _____________12. _____________13. _____________14. _____________15. _____________16. _____________17. _____________18. _____________19. _____________20. _____________21. _____________22. _____________23. _____________24. _____________25. _____________26. _____________27. _____________28. _____________29. _____________30. _____________Part 2 . Write down the English words with the help of Chinese hints and initial letters.1.Galileo demonstrated ( v. 论证，证实)that objects of different weights fall at the same speed.2.He took a wrong approach ( n. 方法，途径)in solving the problem; that was why she failed.3.We should try our best to help those who are in financial(a. 财政的，金融的) difficulty.4.I don’t think there is a simple solution( n. 解决，解答) to this problem.5.I need to polish ( v. 改进)up my French if I’m going to France for my holiday.6.Fanny is actively involved ( v. 使卷入，牵涉)in the drama of our college.7.I always make a point of ( v. 特别注意，重视)checking that all the windows are shut before o go out.8.If you don’t understand, ask the speaker to clarify( v. 阐明) the point.9.She undertook/undertakes(v. 承担)responsibility for the previous failure in our marketing project.10.Since I am a college student now, my parents are able to feel secure (a. 安全的)about my future.Part 3. Dictation1.He attained fame through many years of hard work2.One of the principles of this dictionary is that definitions should be given in simple language.3.Young as I am, I already know what career I want to follow4.The opening ceremony is scheduled to take place on the coming Thursday.5.Rebuilding the area is a top priority for the time being.6.He was assigned to work in a research center in the army.7.The new plan is devised to motivate employees to work more efficiently.8.We thought Mary would pass the test, but against expectation, she didn’t.9.The conditions of the contract must be fulfilled exactly.10.None of these social problems is unique to this country.。
张维友〈词汇学教程〉答案(第三版)
《英语词汇学教程》（2015年版）练习答案【Chapter 1】7． tart: loose woman bloke: fellow gat: pistol swell: great chicken: coward blue: fight smoky: police full: drunk dame: woman beaver: girl8. haply = perhaps albeit = although methinks = it seems to me eke = also sooth = truth morn = morning troth = pledge ere = before quoth = said hallowed = holy billow = wave/ the sea bade = bid12.Denizens Aliens Translation loansSemantic loanskettle die wall skirt husbandconfrere pro patria Wunderkind mikado parvenuchopstick typhoonblack humour long time no seedream13. 1) slangs; 2) jargon; 3) argot; 4) content words; 5) native words; 6) translation loans; 7) neologisms; 8) denizens; 9) semantic loans; 10) basic vocabulary【Chapter 2】1. The Indo-European Language Family is one of the most important language families in theworld. It is made up of most of the languages of Europe, the Near East and India. English belongs to this family and the other members of the Indo-European have more or less influence on English vocabulary. A knowledge of the Indo-European Language Family will help us understand English words better and use them more appropriately.2. Indo-European Language FamilyBalto-Slavic Indo-IranianCeltic Italic HellenicGermanic HindiBreton Spanish Greek English Lithuanian Persian Scottish French Dutch Prussian Irish Italian German PolishPortuguese Norwegian Bulgarian Roumanian Swedish Slovenian IcelandicRussianDanish6. When in the course of human events, it becomes necessary for one people to dissolve the political bonds which have connected them with another, and to assume among the powers of the earth separate and equal station to which the laws of nature and of nature's God entitle them, a decent respect to the opinions of mankind requires that they should declare the causes which impel them to the separation.Most of the content words are either of Greek or Latin origin. What are left are mostly functional words. This shows that Greek and Latin play a very important part in the English vocabulary.8. eventful [Latin + English] hydroplane [Greek + Latin]falsehood [ Latin + English] pacifist [Latin + Greek]saxophone [German + Greek] heirloom [ French + English]joss house [ Portuguese + English] television [Greek + Latin]9. amateur (late) finacé (late) empire (early)peace (E) courage (E) garage (L)judgement (E) chair (E) chaise (L)grace (E) servant (E) routine (L)jealous (E) savaté (L) genre (L)gender (E) début (L) morale (L)state (E) chez (L) ballet (L)11. allegro, f 轻快andante, j 行板diminuendo, g 渐弱largo, d 缓慢pianoforte, a 轻转慢alto, i 女低音crescendo, b 渐强forte, e 强piano, h 轻soprano, c 女高音12. cherub (Hebrew) snorkel (G)coolie (Hindi) tulip (Turk)lasso (Sp) wok (Ch)shampoo (Indian) chocolate (Mex)tepee (Am Ind) jubilee (Gr)kibitz (G) Sabbath (Heb)chipmunk (Am Ind) tamale (Mex)cotton (Arab) voodoo (Afr)loot (Hindi) sauerbraten (G)13. a. alligator b. lococ. rodeod. bonanzae. igloof. blitzkriegg. wigwam h. canoei. hurricane j. boomerangk. ponchos【Chapter 3】1. a. morpheme b. allomorphc. bound morphemed. free morphemee. affixf. inflectional affixg. derivational affix h. rooti. stem j. base6. individualistic undesirablesindividualist [stem, base] undesirable [stem, base]individual [stem, base] desirable [stem, base]dividual [stem, base] desire [root, stem, base] dividu [root, stem, base]7.free morpheme = free rootmorpheme bound rootbound morpheme inflectional affixaffix prefixderivational affixsuffix【Chapter 4】Affixation5. non-smoker incapable impracticaldisobey insecurity irrelevantimmature inability/disability unofficiallyunwillingness illegal disagreementillogical disloyal inconvenientnon-athletic6. harden horrify modernizememorize falsify apologizedeepen glorify sterilizelengthen intensify beautifyfatten sympathizea. apologizedb. beautifyc. lengtheningd. sympathizede. fatteningf. falsifyg. memorizing h. Sterilize7. a. employee b. politician c. participantd. waitresse. conductorf. teacherg. pianist h. examinee/examiner8. trans- = across: transcontinental, trans-Siberianmono- = one: monorail, monoculturesuper- = over, above: superstructure, supernaturalauto- = self: autobiography, automobilesub- = below: subdivide, subsectionmal- = bad, badly: malpractice, malnutritioninter-= between: international, interdependentmini- = little, small: mini-library, miniskirtpre- = before: prehistorical, preelectionex- = former:ex-president, ex-convictCompounding2.heartbeat [S + V] brainwashing [V + O]movie-goer [V + Adverbial (place)] baking powder [ V + Adverbial (instrument)] far-reaching [V + Adverbial] dog-tired [noun-adverbial + adj.]lion-hearted [noun-adverbial + adj.] love-sick [noun-adverbial + adj.]boyfriend [S + complement] peace-loving [V +O]snap decision [V + O] easy chair [ S+ C]on-coming [V +adv] tax-free [noun-adverbial + adj.]light-blue [adj + adj] goings-on [V +adv]3. well-bred / well-behaved culture-bound / homeboundneedle-work / homework praiseworthy / trustworthybar-woman / sportswoman nation-wide / college-wideclear-minded / strong-minded military-style / western-styleself-control / self-respect budget-related / politics-relatedwater-proof / fire-proof once-fashionable / once-powerfulnews-film / news-letter mock-attack / mock-sadnesssister-in-law / father-in-law home-baked / home-producedhalf-way / half-done ever-lasting / ever-greenage-conscious / status-conscious campus-based / market-basedConversion7. a. stomach [n → v]b. room [n → v]c. wolf [n → v]d. come / go [v → n]e. familiar [a → n]f. innocent [a → n]g. flat [a → v]h. ah / ouch [int → v]i. warm [a → n]j. has-been / might-have-been [finite v → n]k. Hamlet [proper n → v]l. buy [v → n]m. smooth [a → v]Blendingmotel (mo tor + ho tel) 汽车旅馆humint (hum an + int elligence) 人工情报，谍报advertisetics (advertise ment + statis tics) 广告统计学psywarrior (psy chological warrior) 心理战战士hoverport (hover craft + port) 气垫船港口chunnel (ch annel + t unnel) 水底火车隧道hi-fi (hi gh + fi delity) 高保真cinemactress (cinem a + actress) 电影女演员Clippingcopter (heli copter): front clipping dorm (dorm itory): back clippinglab (lab oratory) :front clipping prefab (pref abricated house): phrase clipping gas (gas oline): front clipping prof (prof essor): back clippingscope (tele scope): front clipping champ (champ ion): back clippingsarge (serge ant): back clipping mike (mic rophone): back clippingad (ad vertisement): back clipping tec (de tec tive): front and back clippingAcronymy1. kg = k ilo g ram ft = f oo t cf = c on f ercm = c enti m eter $ = dollaribid = ibid em etc. = et c eteraVIP = v ery i mportant p ersonOPEC = O rganization of P etroleum E xporting C ountries TOEFL = t esting o f E nglish as a f oreign l anguage2. a. SALTb. radarc. AIDSd. BASICe. Laserf. WHOg. sonarh. G-manBackformation2. lase (laser)escalate (escalator)babysit (babysitter)peeve (peevish)orate (orator)commute (commuter)Commonization of Proper Names3. a. tantalize—Tantalusb. Argus-eyed—Argusc. narcissism—Narcissusd. sabotage—sabotse. martinet—Martinetf. yahoo—Yahoog. Shylock—Shylockh. hoovering—Hooveri. utopia—Utopiaj. Uncle Tomism—Uncle Tom【Chapter 5】6. apes—b birds—a cattle—mcricket—n doves—c foxes—jgeese—k sheep—f wolves—gmonkeys—e pigs—l hyenas—hturkeys—d swans—i9. a. A scientist working in a project to develop industrial uses for nuclear power might have all the positive associations with “atomic”, such as “benefit, energy”, etc.b. A Japanese resident of Hiroshima, victim of the atomic explosion at the end of World War II, might have all the negative associations with “atomic”, such as “suffering, killing, death, horror", etc.c. To a student of nuclear physics, “atomic” might be associated with “mystery, science, knowledge”, etc.10. talkative: implying a fondness for talking frequently and at length (neutral)articulate: expressing oneself easily and clearly (positive)gossip: indulging in idle talk or rumours about others (negative)rambling: talking aimlessly without connection of ideas (negative)fluent: speaking easily, smoothly, and expressively (positive)mouthy: overtly talkative, especially in a rude way (negative)11.No Appreciative Neutral Pejorative1 particular fastidious / fussy2 critical fault-finding / picky3 style/vogue fad4 artful cunning / sly5 unstable fickle / capricious6 developing underdeveloped / backward7 encourage/ promote instigate8 group clique / gang14. bull [-HUMAN +MALE +ADULT +BOVINE]cow [-HUMAN -MALE +ADULT +BOVINE]calf [-HUMAN OMALE -ADULT +BOVINE]rooster [-HUMAN +MALE +ADULT +GALLINE]hen [-HUMAN -MALE +ADULT +GALLINE]chicken [-HUMAN OMALE -ADULT +GALLINE]-HUMANbull cow calf +BOVINErooster hen chicken +GALLINE+MALE -MALE -ADULT【Chapter 6】Polysemy4. The word board first denoting "a table" has later acquired two very divergent senses. Each of them has given rise to another sense from which the original notion has disappeared. The process can be shown as follows:Homonymy4. 1) Make both ends meat is a parody of make both ends meet which means “have enoughmoney for one’s needs”. Here the butcher cleverly uses the pair of homonyms meat and meet to make a pun. It makes a proper answer to the lady’s question. (1) Butchers cannot make both ends meat (make whole sausages with all meat) because they cannot make both ends meet (If they made sausages with all meat, which is more costly, they would not earn enough money to survive.) (2) Don’t complain. All the butchers do the same. I am not the only one who is making sausages with bread.2) Swallow is a bird which is seen in summer. But by one swallow we see, we cannotdeduce that it is already summer time. Swallow can also mean a mouthful of wine. On a cold winter day, if one has a swallow of wine, one may feel warm.3) Arms has two meanings: weapons; the human upper limbs. Since “a cannon ball took offhis legs”, the soldier was not able to fight on, so he “laid down his arms”, which means “surrender”. It can also mean he laid down his upper limbs.Synonymy3. avaricious: greedy courteously: politelyemancipate: set free customary: usualwidth: breadth adversary: opponent gullible: deceived remainder: residueinnocent: sinless obstacle: obstruction vexation: annoyance5. a. identifiable b. safetyc. motivatesd. delicatee. surroundingsf. artificialg. prestige h. perspirei. accomplishment j. silentk. impressive l. evaporate6. run move spinturn whirl roll7. a. stead b. gee-gee c. riped. maturee. effectivef. efficientg. fatigued, children h. tired, kids i. declinedj. refused k. rancid l. addledm. Penalties n. fines o. rebukedp. accusedAntonymy5. a. similar/same b. safec. sharp/ smartd. sende. stingy/ selfish h. simplef. significant/sensible i. sureg. skeptical/ suspicious l. smoothj. slipshod/ slovenly/ sloppy k. sleepiness/ sleep / slumberm. subjective n. sob/ scowl6. a. old-fashioned b. completelyc. moistured. speciale. essentialf. similarityg. innocent h. rigidi. loosen j. clarityk. deserted l. fruitfulm. peremptory n. depressedo. indifferent7. a. feed—starve, cold-fever b. wisdom—folliesc. haste—leisured. penny—pound, wise—foolishe. speech—silencef. absence—presenceg. admonish—praise i. wise men—foolsh. young—old private—public saint—devilj. mind—body k. foul—fairl. danger—security m. deliberate--promptn. children—parents o. bully—cowardp. head—tail8. right—wrong single—returndry—sweet hard—easystrong—faint rough—calmlight—dark cold—warmhigh—low/deepHyponymy3.furniture: desk, chair, table, bedmatter: liquid, gas, solidmeat: pork, beef, muttongo: run, fly, walk4.profession workplacesurgeon: clinic, hospitalplumber: house, buildinglawyer: office, law courtsmechanic: garagephotographer: studioforeman: worksite, factory5.6. In Sentence 1), got, furniture, recently are superordinates because they are general and convey a very vague idea whereas in Sentence 2), the three words are replaced respectively by bought, cupboard, three days ago, which are subordinates, conveying a definite and clear idea. So Sentence 2) is better than Sentence 1.In Sentence 3), it is said, magnificent building, destroyed, yesterday are superordinate terms, which are comparatively much more general than the news says, Royal Hotel, burnt down, last night respectively in 4), which can be described as subordinates. Since 4) is clearer than 3) in meaning, it is better.Semantic field3. Group 1 is synonymously semantic field and Group 2 is semantic filed. The difference lies: In 1 the words are synonyms, none of them covers the meaning of another, and they differ only in style and emotive values. In 2 the words are not synonyms, but each refers to a specific type of horse. Horse is a cover term or superordinate, and others are subordinates. These terms have no difference in style or affective meaning.【Chapter 7】4. 1) extension 2) extension3) narrowing 4) degradation5) elevation 6) narrowing7) extension 8) extension9) narrowing 10) narrowing11) elevation 12) degradation13) degradation 14) degradation5. a. associated transferb. abstract to concretec. concrete to abstractd. abstract to concretee. abstract to concretef. abstract to concreteg. associated transferh. associated transferi. synesthesia (transfer of sensation from sight to hearing)j. synesthesia (transfer of sensation)6. a. objective b. subjective, objectivec. objectived. subjectivee. subjectivef. subjectiveg. subjective h. subjective, objective7. a. die b. graveyardc. bedlam疯人院d. old peoplee. strikef. Policemang. stupid pupil h. poor peoplei. toilet j. fat personk. unemployed mother【Chapter 8】2. 1) a. to repairb. measurement and determination of one’s positionc. predicamentd. injection2) a. a single complete dividing part (of a rocket)b. the theatre or acting as a professionc. a particular point or period in a process of developmentd. to plan, arrange and carry out3) a. interchange and discussion of ideas, esp. for mutual understanding orharmonyb. conversationc. a written conversation (of a play, etc.)3. a. synonymyb. explanation/ definitionc. exemplificationd. relevant detailse. relevant detailsf. relevant details4. a. stop people drinkingstop drinking by themselvesb. a stone house which is biga house built of big stonesc. a picture possessed by Bettya photograph of Bettyd. aunts who are visitingpaying a visit to auntse. take Jane as his wifepreside over Jane’s weddingf. a weapon that can fly over long distance and that it explodes when it h its the thing itaims atan object that is thrown at somebody in order to hurt him【Chapter 9】6. a—2) b—9) c—3)d—6) e—1) f—8)g—5) h—4) i—7)j—10)7. a. stand out againstb. approve ofc. get … over withd. looking intoe. come up withf. comply withg. cashed in onh. go withouti. to profit by / fromj. dut down …to8. a cool cat = a really calm personblow one's stack = lose control over oneselffly off the handle = become excessively angrywhat's more = furthermoreget away with = commit an illegitimate act without penaltyof course = naturallyget on = get oldpepper and salt = grey (hair)make up for = compensate forlost time = time wastedtake it easy = relax, not worryget up = rise from bedturn in = go into bedtake care of = manage or look afterlike a breeze = without effort or easilytime off = time for restget it made = be successfulthis is it = be in a position or place, or have possession of an object beyond which more of the same is unnecessarySam is really a calm person. He never loses control of himself and hardly ever becomes too angry. Furthermore, he knows how to manage his business financially by using a few tricks… Needless to say, he, too, is getting older. His hair is beginning to turn grey, but he knows how to compensate for wasted time by relaxing. He rises early, exercises, and goes to bed early. He manages his frankfurter dispensary without visible effort, until it is someone else's turn to work there. Sam is successful, he has reached his life's goal.9. a. “Well, it's the old story of the stitch in time,” he said.A stitch in time saves nine.b. Fleur's head was lost in the tool-box, but her voice was heard saying: “Too many cooks,better let me.”Too many cooks spoil the broth.c. But not many other people held that view discerning his finger still very large in everypie — so much so that there often seemed less pie than finger.have a finger in the pied. I’m thinking of putting up a “Silence is golden” placard in his office. Nobody can hearthemselves think.Speech is silver, silence is golden.e. They four had one likeness: their appearance and their work was as it were a wheel inthe middle of a wheel.wheel within wheelsf. He quotes them extensively nevertheless, together with other equally suspectevidence, because otherwise he would have no straw with which to make his bricks.make bricks without straw10. wind and weather wheeling and dealingwaifs and strays town and gowntop and tail time after timerules and regulations rise and fallrags and tatters puff and blowpick and shovel peace and quietover and above one and onlyoff and on neck and neckshoulder to shoulder moan and groanmilk and water man and beast11. a. 好奇伤身。
英语词汇运用单元测试
英语词汇运用单元测试Introduction:English vocabulary is an essential aspect of language learning. To evaluate and enhance your vocabulary skills, this unit test aims to assess your proficiency in English vocabulary use. The test consists of different sections, each focusing on a specific aspect of vocabulary application. Through this test, you will have the opportunity to showcase your understanding and usage of English words effectively.Section 1: Synonyms and AntonymsIn this section, you will be provided with a list of words. Your task is to find suitable synonyms or antonyms for those words. Make sure to choose words that accurately convey the given meanings. Accuracy and clarity are vital in this section as they demonstrate your knowledge of word relationships.Section 2: Multiple ChoiceIn this section, you will encounter a series of sentences, each containing a word or phrase in bold. From the given options, you are required to choose the most suitable word that best fits the context of the sentence. Pay close attention to the sentences' structure and meaning to make the correct choice.Section 3: Fill in the BlanksIn this section, you will find a set of sentences with missing words or phrases. Your task is to fill in the blanks with appropriate vocabulary itemsto complete the sentences. Make sure the chosen words fit the sentence's context and maintain grammatical correctness.Section 4: Word FormationThis section focuses on different word forms, such as nouns, verbs, adjectives, and adverbs. You will be given a word, and you need to transform it into the requested word form. Pay attention to spelling and grammar rules during this exercise.Section 5: Cloze TestIn this section, you will find a passage with several blanks. Your task is to select the correct word from the given options to fill in each blank. Focus on the overall meaning and coherence of the passage while selecting the appropriate words.Section 6: Sentence CompletionIn this section, you will be provided with incomplete sentences. Your goal is to complete each sentence by choosing the most suitable word or phrase from the provided options. Ensure that your chosen words effectively complete the sentence and maintain its logical flow.Section 7: Reading ComprehensionThis final section assesses your comprehension skills by presenting a short reading passage. After reading the passage, you will encounter a set of questions that require you to identify synonyms, antonyms, or answer questions about the content. Pay attention to both the details and the overall message conveyed in the passage.Conclusion:By completing this unit test, you have demonstrated your ability to apply and utilize English vocabulary effectively. The diverse sections covered in this test allowed you to showcase your knowledge of word meanings, word forms, context-based selection, and comprehension skills. Keep practicing and expanding your vocabulary to improve your overall English language proficiency. Good luck!。
研究生综合英语复旦版unit5vocabulary
vocabulary
第一页，编辑于星期六：十九点 五十七分。
1.Aside from the Agnew and Watergate scandals, much of the uproar in this politically tumultuous year centered on a clash between the president and Congress.
(an ultimatum最后通碟)
第四页，编辑于星期六：十九点 五十七分。
4.Total expenditures at all levels of government for highways, roads, and streets were almost $3.7 billion during 1949 and probably came close to the $4 billion level in the year to follow.
(confrontation对抗)
aside from 除了
第二页，编辑于星期六：十九点 五十七分。
2.A “direct attack”, which means trying to deal with the entire problem at the same time, is doomed to failure because of the complexity of critical phenomena.
（approached接近的）
第五页，编辑于星期六：十九点 五十七分。
5.In 1992 a trial of white polite
officers charged with beating a
英语测试课程chapter5
英语测试课程chapter5第五章测试评估⼿段及其功能教学⽬标：１、通过本课学习使学⽣熟悉语⾔能⼒评估的三种分类；２、选择答题类评估⽅法；３、⾮选择答题类评估⽅法；４、个性化答题类评估⽅法。
教学重点：重点掌握考试的类别教学⼿段：讲解、讨论。
本章讲解内容框架：5.1选择答题类评估⽅法正误判断题匹配题多项选择题5.2⾮选择答题类评估⽅法填空题转换题简答题论述题5.3个性化答题类评估⽅法个别检查⾃评与互评学期作品评估I．语⾔测试的总体设计在设计考试时，必须有⼀个蓝图，然后按照这个蓝图去命题，主要这样才能保证测试的质量。
这样包括：确定考试类别；确定考试内容；确定考题形式。
本章重点讲解考题形式的分类和确定。
II．考题形式的分类从评分的⾓度来看，语⾔测试的题型分主观试题和客观试题两⼤类（从评分⽅式进⾏分类）。
主观试题常见的有作⽂、⼝试、简述题、翻译题等。
主观试题的特点是命题容易评分难，效度⾼，易于测量考⽣实际使⽤语⾔的能⼒。
与主观试题相反，客观试题评分容易命题难，信度⾼。
客观试题中最常见的题型是多项选择题，此外还有正误判断题、配对题等。
客观试题⼀般要求考⽣打勾、画圈，不便于测量考⽣实际使⽤语⾔的能⼒，多⽤来考查知识。
⼀项考试中到底应该采⽤何种题型，应该看考试的类型⽬标和要求。
如果题型选不好，可能会影响到考⽣语⾔能⼒的测量（如要测量学⽣的写作能⼒，⽤多项选择题就不好）。
本章主要介绍考题形式、它们的功能以及命题注意事项。
根据Brown和Hudson(1998)提出的语⾔能⼒评估分类法，考试形式可分为以下三类进⾏讲解：正误判断题2.1选择答题类评估⽅法匹配题多项选择题2.1.1 正误判断题也称是⾮题。
正误判断题实际上是⼆项选择题。
问题以陈述句的形式出现，要求考⽣指出其正误。
（见Ｐ６４）正误判断题，从句⼦结构上讲，这个句⼦可以是简单句，也可以是复合句。
从句⼦意义上讲，它既可以表述⼀个事实，也可以表述⼀个观点。
2.1.2 匹配题也称配对题。
大学英语TEST FIVE
TEST FIVEPart I. Vocabulary and structureDirections: Choose the one that best completes the sentences from the four choices given under each sentence.1. After ten years as a chain smoker, Mr. Brown has the habit.A. given upB. given inC. given outD. given back2. He is home leave from the Navy now, and he’ll be at home for two more weeks.A. inB. atC. underD. on3. Time is limited; the work finished in three weeks.A. isB. isn’tC. will beD. won’t be4. After a brief by the chairman, the speaker began her lecture on how to make a good impression.A. presentationB. introductionC. reactionD. communication5. All the audience are amazed at how much courage he when he speaks in stammer.A. wantsB. takesC. bringsD. urges6．She to the hope that he is alive.A. adjustsB. subjectsC. clingsD. sees7. they start to do it, the work is regarded easy to complete.A. BeforeB. AtC. InD. Between8. Not only learn the technology through the online course, but we also learn tocommunicate.A. do weB. have weC. we doD. we have9. It is unhealthy to eat .A. when stood upB. to stand upC. stood upD. standing up10. It is argued that the change to father’s role, although , is not as great as the change musttake to mother’s role.A. greatB. easy C . difficult D. cleat11. The radio is too noisy; you should turn it .A. onB. offC. upD. down12. Since they live in different ages with different perspectives, it is difficult to bridge thegap parents and children.A. betweenB. withinC. ofD. with13. This story, which tells about a man protecting his wife and children, how importantthe family is in Asia.A. understandsB. educatesC. illustratesD. acquires14. Unlike a lot of my friends decided that good music died in 1970s, I insists on listening to rock music.A. whomB. whichC. whoseD. who15. It is reported that many young ladies are at the risk ____ when they are walking outside at night.A. of robbingB. of being robbedC. to be robbingD. to be robbed16. ____ when he was in junior middle school to examine the rock beside his house, he wouldn’t have been a successful geologist.A. Had he not played truantB. Would he not play truantC. Were he not playing truantD. Were he not played truant17. The new employees refuse to admit their fault, which makes ________.A. my blood boilB. me in peace and quietC. me make up my mindD. sign up for it18. all the difficulties, we still have a good heart toA. although; lean toB. even if; lean onC. though; lean toD. despite; lean on19. It is _____ th at the prize is taken by the student who doesn’t take time preparing for the election.A. amazingB. impressingC. appealingD. frustrating20. A crossword puzzle is made up of many squares, __ helps spell part of a word.A. whichB. many of whichC. each of whichD. every of whichPart II. Reading ComprehensionSection A：Directions:In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. You may not use any of the word in the bank more than once.Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet .What is it about Americans and food? We love to eat, but we feel __21__ about it afterward. We say we want only the best, but we strangely enjoy junk food. We’re __22__ about health and weight loss but face an unprecedented epidemic of obesity(肥胖). Perhaps the _23__ to this ambivalence(矛盾情结) lies in our history. The first Europeans came to this continent searching for new spices but went in vain. The first cash crop(经济作物) wasn’t eaten but smoked. Then there was Prohibition, intended to prohibit drinking but actually encouraging more __24__ ways of doing it.The immigrant experience, too, has been one of inharmony. Do as Romans do means eating what “real Americans”eat, but our nation’s food has come to be __25__ by imports—pizza, say, or hot dogs. And some of the country’s most treasured cooking comes from people who arrived here in shackles.Perhaps it should come as no surprise then that food has been a medium for the nation’s defining struggles, whether at the Boston Tea Party or the sit-ins at southern lunch counters. It is integral to our concepts of health and even morality whether one refrains from alcohol for religious reasons or evades meat for political _26__.But strong opinions have not brought __27__ . Americans are ambivalent about what they put in their mouths. We have become _28__ of our foods, especially as we learn more about what they contain.The __29_ in food is still prosperous in the American consciousness. It’s no coincidence, then, that the first Thanksgiving holds the American imagination in such bondage(束缚). It’s what we eat—and how we __30_ it with friends, family, and strangers—that help define America as a community today.A. answerB. resultC. shareD. guiltyE. constantF. definedG. vanish H. adapted I. creative J. belief K. suspicious L. certaintyM. concerned N. identify O. idealsSection B：Directions: In this passage, you are going to read a passage with ten statements, attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet.A) The effect of television on children has been debated ever since the first sets were turned on.Now three new studies find that too much tube time can lower test scores, retard learning and even predict college performance. The reports appear in the July issue of the Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine.B) In the first report, researchers studied the effect that having a TV in a child’s bedroom can haveon third graders. “We looked at the household media environment in relation to academic achievement on mathematics, reading and language arts tests,”said study author Dina L.G.Borzekowski, an assistant professor at Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health. C) Borzekowski and her colleague, Dr. Thomas Robinson of Stanford University, collected dataon386 third graders and their parents about how much TV the children watched, the number of TV sets, computers and video game consoles in the household and where they were. They also collected data on how much time the children spent using the different media, as well as the time spent doing homework and reading. The researchers found that the media in the household, where it is and how it is used can have a profound effect on learning. "We found that the household media environment has a very close association with performance on the different test scores," Borzekowski said.D)“A child who has a TV in his or her bedroom is likely to have a score that is eight points loweron a mathematics test compared to a child who doesn’t have a TV in the bedroom,” she noted.These children also scored lower on the reading and language arts tests. However, children who have access to a home computer are likely to have higher scores on each of the tests compared with children who don't have access to a home computer, Borzekowski noted.E) The reasons why TV has this negative effect are not clear, Borzekowski said. “When there's TVin the bedroom, parents are less likely to have control over the content and the amount watched,” Borzekowski said. “They are also unable to know how early or how late the set is on. This seems to be associated with kids’performance on academic tests.” Borzekowski believes that content and the time the TV is on may be the primary reasons for its negative effect. “If the TV is in the family room, then parents can see the content of what children are watching,”she said. “Parents can choose to sit alongside and watch, or turn the set off. A simple and straightforward, positive parenting strategy is to keep the TV out of the child's bedroom, or remove it if it's already there.”F) In the second report, Dr. Robert J. Hancox from the University of Otago in Dunedin, NewZealand, and colleagues found, regardless of your intelligence or social background, if you watch a lot of TV during childhood, you are a lot less likely to have a college degree by your mid-20s. In their study, the researchers followed 1,037 people born in 1972 and 1973. Everytwo years, between the ages of 5 and 15, they were asked how much television they watched.The researchers found that those who watched the most television during these years had earned fewer degrees by the time they were 26.”We found that the more television the child had watched, the more likely they were to leave school without any qualifications,” Hancox said in a prepared statement. “Those who watched little television had the best chance of going on to university and earning a degree.”G) Hancox’s team found that watching TV at an early age had the most effect on graduating fromcollege. “An interesting finding was that although teenage viewing was strongly linked to leaving school without any qualifications, it was earlier childhood viewing that had the greatest impact on getting a degree,”he said. “This suggests that excessive television in younger children has a long-lasting adverse effect on educational performance.”H) In the third paper, Frederick J. Zimmerman and Dr. Dimitri A. Christakis from the Universityof Washington report that, for very young children, watching TV can result in lower test scores in mathematics, reading recognition and reading comprehension. "We looked at how much television children watched before age 3 and then at ages 3 to 5," Zimmerman said. “We found that for children who watched a small amount of TV in the earlier years, there was consider able beneficial effect compared to children who watched a lot of TV.”I) For children aged 3 to 5, the effect was not as clear, Zimmerman said. “There were some beneficial effects of watching TV on reading, but no beneficial effects for math or vocabulary,”he noted. “The worst pattern was to watch more than three hours of TV before age 3. Those kids had a significant disadvantage compared to the other kids.” Parents should follow the American Academy of Pediatrics recommendation, which is no TV for children under 2, Zimmerman said. “Personally, I feel the cutoff should be children under 3, because there is just not any good content for children under 3.”J) One expert believes that TV can have both positive and negative effects, but it all depends on what children are watching. “Content matters,”said Deborah L. Line barger, an assistant professor at the University of Pennsylvania, who co-authored an accompanying editorial. “Educational content has been found to be related to performance on school readiness tests, higher grades when they are teen-agers, whereas, non-educational content tends to be associated with lower academic performance.”K) Another expert agrees. “TV watching takes up space that could be used by more useful things,”said Dr. Christopher P. Lucas, a clinical coordinator at the Early Childhood Evaluation and Treatment Program at the New York University Child Study Center.” TV is not necessarily toxic, but is something that has to be done in moderation; something that balances the other needs of the child for healthy development.”L) Lucas puts the responsibility for how much TV kids watch and what they watch squarely on parents. “The amount of TV watching certainly has a link with the reduced amount of time reading or doing homework,”he said. “The key is the amount of control parents have in limiting the amount of access. Get the TV out of the bedroom; be aware of what is being watched; limit the amount of TV watching. According to Borzekowski, children having chances to use a family computer are likely to acquire better results on the different tests.31.According to Borzekowski, children having chances to use a family computer are likely toacquire better results on the different tests.32. The reports issued in the Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescents Medicine find that watchingtoo much TV leads to poor performance in school.33. Watching more than three hours of TV before age 3 has bad effect on kids.34. According to the second report, the chance for one to acquire a college degree depends on theamount of his TV watching during childhood.35. In Deborah L. Lingbarger’s opinion, educational content is helpful for teenagers to get betterresults on school readiness tests.36. The environment of family media greatly affects children’s test scores according to the firstreport.37. Borzekowski believes that TV’s negative effect on children’s marks may mainly lie in whatchildren watch on TV and how much time they spend on it.38. Lucas thinks parents should take the responsibility to supervise kids’ TV watching.39. According to the recommendation from American Academy of Pediatrics, children under 2should watch no TV.40. Hancox thinks earlier childhood TV watching affects one’s acquiring a college degree most.Section C:Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by somequestions or unfinished sentences. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B,C and D. You should decide on the best choice.Passage OneAngus MacLeod was fifty and he had spent his entire life as a shepherd in the remote mountainous region of northwest Scotland. He had never owned a radio or television nor had he travelled further than forty kilometers from his birthplace. His knowledge of the world was gained only from his brief trips to the village to sell his sheep and buy food. However, he had lately come to rely on the growing number of hill-walkers in the region as sources of international news.In the spring of 1992, a Spanish student came across Angus high in the mountains. Eager to practice his English he engaged Angus in conversation. The student told Angus of the forthcoming Olympic Games in Barcelona. Excited by the student’s colo rful description of Spain and the Games, Angus decided to attend the event in person and two months later arrived in Barcelona.The ticketless Angus stood outside the stadium with his canny brain working overtime, watching a growing number of individuals entering the stadium through a small entrance at the side. He noticed that they all seemed to be carrying objects. Perhaps they were workmen, he thought. He moved closer and watched.Within minutes a thin young man came along carrying an extremely long pole. He approached the official at the door and said “Pole Vault”. The official moved t o the side and the man entered. Next came a heavy-set man with a spear. Angus wondered how a man could carry such a dangerous weapon in a modern city. The man shouted “Javelin” and was presently admitted. Angus was puzzled. Perhaps they were all connected with security. His puzzlement grew when a huge man appeared with a steel ball in his hand. He shouted “Shot Putt” and walked past the official.It suddenly dawned on Angus that these people were competitors. He opened his program and sure enough under th e heading “events” he saw the three words the men had said. Anguslaughed to himself as a plan began to take shape in his mind. First he needed to buy one or two things.An hour later he reappeared dressed in a tracksuit with “Scotland” written across the chest. Over his shoulder he carried a roll of barbed wire (铁丝网). Smiling to himself he walked up to the official and as casually as he could, shouted, “Fencing!”41. Which was Angus’ new way of getting information about the outside world?A. Travelling from his birthplace.B. Listening to radio and watching TV.C. Going to the nearby village to sell sheep.D. Talking to hill-walkers in the region.42. What are “Javelin”, “Pole Vault”, “Shot Putt” and “Fencing” in the passage?A. Olympic events.B. Names of competitors.C. Security weapons.D. Names of countries.43. From the passage we can learn that ______.A. more and more people went to Scotland to practice their EnglishB. the Spanish student’s description of his country excited AngusC. Angus had been planning a trip to Barcelona to see the Olympic GamesD. Angus became a member of the Scottish Olympic team44. From the passage we know that Angus seemed to beA. poorly-informedB. intelligentC. strong-mindedD. athletic45. What do you expect the official would do in the end?A. Help him carry the wire.B. Refuse to let him in.C. Give him a close inspection.D. Lead him to the competitionPassage TwoWe live in a “now” culture. If it takes more than five seconds for a website to load, we won’t view it. We want to call our friends now, even if we’ll see them in 10 minutes. The “now” culture is one of convenience, and let’s face it, convenience can make our lives easier.Unfortunately, by gaining convenience, we’ve lost some of our patience. If you’re like me, patience does not come naturally. Here are a few tips I’ve learned along the way to cultivate more patience in my life:Ask yourself why you’re in a hurry. If you feel rushed while going about your normal day, ask yourself why. Will the world end if you get home five minutes late? What if you stop to talk to the random people you meet each day? If you do stop to talk, you’ll be amazed how much more connected you’ll feel to your community.Hang around people who have patience. I had a lot less patience before I met my husband. Being around him daily has certainly given me a greater appreciation for the art of waiting. He’s not only a great e xample of someone who lives his life patiently, but he tells me if I’m getting too anxious or impatient. If you don’t know someone who’s patient in your immediate circle of friends, take a class like yoga where meditation is part of the art.Sometimes you can lose sight of long-term goals in the rush towards instant gratification. Most people trying to lose weight have a hard time cutting out sugary or carb-loaded foods completely. It helps to cut these lofty long-term goals into smaller chunks. To encourage weight loss, you can slowly cut back on your calorie intake or increase your exercise regimen each week. Whatever route you take, setting those little goals will help you achieve the big ones faster.Think of the things you’ve gained by being patient. When all else fails, I think of the goodthings that have happened in my life because I waited. Passing up on a few “so-so” job offers last year paved the way for me to land a job I really wanted. When you can think of positive outcomes that have come from waiting, it puts into perspective why it’s not always the best strategy to rush into things.46. What does the author think of patience?A. It makes our life easier.B. It brings convenience to life.C. It can be gained by slowing yourself down.D. It is a common phenomenon in a “now” culture.47. We can infer from the fourth paragraph that ________ .A. patience can be learned from othersB. women get more patient after marriageC. patience plays an important role in marriageD. the author gets more patient by taking a yoga class48. What is the best title for the fifth paragraph?A. Never lose sight of your long-term goals.B. Set a long-term goal and achieve big ones.C. Focus on short-term goals to reach long-term ones.D. Set both long-term goals and short-term ones to lose weight.49. The underlined phrase “Passing up on” in the last paragraph is closest in meaning to ________ .A. Seizing the chance ofB. Doing well inC. Making full use ofD. Refusing to accept50. The author supports her arguments mainly by ______.A. analyzing causesB. giving examplesC. describing processD. making comparisonPart III. TranslationDirections: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet.51. 中国人认为人生来就得辛勤劳动。
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Testing vocabulary
张 一
TSP120801008
5.1 Selection of items 5.2 Multiple-choice items (A) 5.3 Multiple-choice items (B)
Contents
5.4 Sets (associated words)
What do traditional types of vocabulary tests test?
They test a knowledge of words which, though
frequently found in many English textbooks, are
rarely used in ordinary speech.
clues)
1) Factors to consider
a. make sure context is not too little. It seems to me that you have been _______ your classes. A. ignoring B. overlooking b. make sure context is not too great. I almost had a nasty _______ last night, when a car came around a corner too fast and just missed my bike.
Four types:
b) stem = definition
The testees should select the correct option to which the
definition refers. e.g. A person who receives and pays out money in a bank A. broker C. creditor B. accountant D. cashier
4. The options should be related to the same general area. apparition A.skeleton B.ghost C.nightmare D.corpse apparition A. scenery B. ghost C. magician D. castle
grammatical structures.
5.2 Multiple-choice items (A)
Group A Choose the letter of the word which is the nearest in meaning to the word in italics He’s been very feeble since his illness. A. unwell C. foolish B. thin D. weak Group B Choose the letter of the correct or best word to complete each sentence. Have you heard the planning committee’s ………. for solving the city’s traffic problems? A. theory B. design
♦ The guidelines given in 5.2 for constructing vocabulary items apply equally for the Group B items. ♦ In certain ways, the Group B items are more difficult to construct than the Group A items. Why? (too little context is insufficient to establish any meaningful situation, while too much context may provide too many
- the students’ textbook - the students’ reading material - Lexical errors taken from students’ free-written work
- A General Service List of English Words 《英语通用词表》 - Cambridge English Lexicon
area is included in the stem, the options should be simple. 2. Each option should belong to the same word class as the w option and the distractors should be at the same level of difficulty. theatrical. A. angry B. histrionic C. proud D. foolish suffice A. be adequate B. harass (骚扰） C. acquiesce （默许） D. be contrite（后悔）
What are the tasks for the writer of a vocabulary test? The first task is to determine the degree on testing the students’ active or passive vocabulary. The next task is to decide whether the lexical items in the test should be taken from the spoken or the written language.
Four types:
c) stem = lexical item
The testees should select the best synonym or definition.
e.g. A. support C. contradict advocate B. advise D. damage
Four types:
A. rushed
B. located
C. proceeded
D. raced
He _______ slowly along the road eastward.
A. rushed
B. located
C. proceeded
D. raced
many multiple-choice vocabulary tests consist largely of items
5.5 Matching items
5.6 More objective items
5.7 Completion items
5.1 Selection of items
A careful selection of lexical items for inclusion in a test is generally a most exacting task (艰巨的工作).
d) stem = a sentence
The “problem” word appears in context.
e.g. It’s rained continuously for two whole days. A. without stopping B. heavily
C. regularly
Note: Synonyms and antonym should be avoided as distractors. The old man was always courteous when spoken to. A. polite B. happy C. kind D. glad
5.3 Multiple-choice items (B) （填空型多项选择题）
Testing what abilities related to vocabulary? The extent of a students’ vocabulary? Control of the vocabulary at his/her disposal?
Note: Tests of vocabulary should avoid difficult
《剑桥英语词汇册》
- The Wright Frequency Count 《莱特词频表》
What are the tasks for the writer of a vocabulary test? The first task is to determine the degree on testing the students’ active or passive vocabulary. The next task is to decide whether the lexical items in the test should be taken from the spoken or the written language.
Where can the writer select the lexical items?
If all the students have followed a particular syllabus: - the syllabus If the testees have followed different syllabuses:
D. at odd moments
Four types:
d) stem = a sentence
The “problem” word appears in context.