MICRO-COURSE OF CAVITATION EROSION
润滑名词解释
(29)油雾润滑(Oil-mist Lubrication) (30)喷射润滑 (Lubricant Spattering or Oil Jet Lubrication) (31)油/气润滑 (Aerosol Lubrication)
润滑剂与一定压力的压缩空气在喷射阀混合后射向润滑点的润滑方式。
压缩空气与油液混合后呈油/气—微细油滴或颗粒状送向润滑点的润滑方式。 又 称气溶胶润滑。
(Fatigue Wear) 裂缝并分离出磨粒或碎片而剥落，形成凹坑而引起的磨损。又称点蚀(Pitting)。 (5)腐蚀磨损 (Corrosive Wear) (6)微动磨损 (Fretting) (7)轻微磨损 (Mild Wear) (8)严重磨损 (Severe Wear) (9)正常磨损 (Normal Wear) (10)材料转移 (Pick-up or Transfer) (11)涂抹 (Smearing) (12)擦伤 (Scratching) (13)刮伤 (Scoring) (14)胶合 两摩擦表面发生固相“焊合”而引起的局部损伤，但没有发生局部表面熔合。 与“擦伤”相同原因形成的严重擦痕，又称划伤。 由摩擦表面局部固相“焊合”或磨料磨损而引起沿滑动方向形成的微小擦痕或“犁痕”。 摩擦副一表面上的材料发生转移，并以薄层重新涂敷到一或两表面上。 由于在滑动或滚动界面的强粘附力而使材料由一表面转移到另一表面上的现象。 设计允许范围内的磨损。 磨屑为较大的碎片或颗粒的磨损。有时用来表示已达到塑性接触下的磨损。 两接触表面作微振幅重复摆动所引起的磨损。微动磨损是一种微动疲劳与微动腐蚀并存的复合式磨 损。 磨屑非常细小的磨损。有时用来表示弹性接触下的磨损。 金属表面在摩擦过程中与周围介质在化学与电化学反应作用下产生的磨损过程。
石油英语词汇(C)
石油英语词汇(C1)--------------------------------------------------------------------------------C & F price 成本加运费价C & K line 阻流及压井管线C to C 中心距C to E 中心到端面的距离C 常数C 大卡c 电导C 电流c 电路C 电容C 电容量C 电容器c 分C 剪切系数c 卡c 克拉C 库仑c 厘c 链C 罗马数字100；C语言C 浓度C 摄氏C 石炭系C 世纪C 顺时针方向C 碳C 系数c 压缩系数c 岩心c 阴极c 圆周c 中心C 中心的C 中心距c 周c 烛光C 字符C&W 循环并加重C-band C 波段C-battery 栅极电池组C-bias detector 栅偏压检波器C-bias 栅偏压C-C 碳-碳键c-c 中心距C-clamp C形夹C-H 碳-氢键C-O 切断c-slot C型槽C-washer C形垫圈C-wave 耦合波C. A.D. 见单付现C. 百C. 充电c. 大约C. 电池C. 节流器C. 库仑C. 立方C. 摄氏C. 摄氏温标C. 摄氏温度计C. 系数C. 阴极C. 烛光C.B.D. 交货前付款c.c.d 因果图c.d. 电流密度c.d. 跨距c.d. 完工日期C.D.F. 累积分布函数C.E. 着力点C.E.R.C. 协调设备研究委员会C.G.(centre of gravity〕重心C.G.S. 厘米-克-秒C.G.S.E. system CGSE单位制C.I.P. 注水泥完毕C.I.S. 独联体C.M. 晚碳世煤系C.P.D. 每日成本C.T. 比较温度c.u. 俘获单位C4 fraction 碳4馏份ca 大约ca 电缆总成Ca 钙CA 进位CA 链CA 往来帐户；活期存款帐户CA 压缩空气Ca-montmorillonite 钙蒙脱石Ca-rich protodolomite 富钙原白云岩caaguazu 赤道多雨低平原cab wiring 测井仪器车布线cab 司机室cabane 机翼顶架cabbage head 连杆轴承；游梁-主曲轴连杆轴承cabbage-leaf cast 菜叶状铸型cabbage-leaf mark 菜叶状流痕cabin de luxe 特等舱cabin lights 汽车内部灯光cabin paint 船舱漆cabin plan 舱室布置图cabin store 客舱用品库cabin 小室cabinet drier 干燥箱cabinet edition 中型版cabinet heating 柜式供暖cabinet panel 配电盘cabinet screwdriver 小螺钉刀cabinet 柜cabinet-type governor 箱式调速器cable address 电报挂号cable area 海底电缆区cable armor 电缆外皮；电缆铠装cable assembly 电缆组合cable backbone 电缆主干cable bit 绳式顿钻钻头cable bond 电缆接头cable box 电缆箱cable brace 钢索拉筋；绷绳cable brake 索闸cable buoy 电缆浮标cable car 缆车cable chain 锚链cable charges 电报费cable clamp 钢丝绳夹cable communication system 电缆通信系统cable compass 电缆罗盘cable compound 电缆油cable conductor 缆芯cable conduit 电缆管道cable configuration 电缆结构形状cable continuity 电缆通断情况cable core tube assembly 绳索取心装置cable core 绳芯cable cutter 钢丝绳割刀cable depth 电缆深度cable drift 电缆漂移cable drilling 顿钻钻进cable drum 电缆盘cable duct 电缆槽cable error monitor system 电缆误差监控系统cable feathering angle 电缆水平偏转角cable ferrule 电缆套圈cable fill 电缆占用率cable fishing tool 顿钻打捞工具cable gland 电缆压盖cable grip 电缆夹cable guide 缆索导向器cable hanger 钢丝绳吊架cable head 电缆终端盒cable inlet 电缆入口cable input plug 电缆输入接头cable interface module 电缆接口模块cable jerk 电缆牵动cable joint 电缆接头cable kinking 电缆扭结cable layer 海底电缆敷设船cable laying ship 海底电缆敷设船cable layout 电缆布置图；排列cable length 排列长度cable line 电缆线路cable loop 绳扣cable lug 电缆端衔套cable mark detector 电缆记号探测器cable noise 电缆噪声cable oil 钢丝绳油cable pack-off 电缆头密封cable reel 电缆滚筒cable restraint 电缆限制器cable rig 顿钻钻机cable ringing 电缆缠绕cable sheave bracket 钢丝绳轮支架cable ship 海底电缆敷设船cable slack 电缆松弛cable slide 缆索滑车cable socket 绳帽cable speed panel 电缆速度面板cable speed 电缆速度cable splice 电缆接头cable strum 拖缆振动cable suspended pumping system 绳式悬载抽油系统cable tailbuoy readings 电缆尾部浮标读数cable tank 电缆舱cable telemetry system 电缆遥测系统cable television 电缆电视cable tool barrel 顿钻捞筒cable tool bit 顿钻钻头cable tool coring 顿钻取心cable tool drilling 顿钻钻井cable tool hole 顿钻钻的井眼cable tool jack 顿钻千斤顶cable tool joint 顿钻接头cable tool rig 顿钻钻机cable tool underreamer 顿钻管下扩眼器cable tool wrench 顿钻大扳手cable tool 顿钻钻具cable trajectory 缆索轨线cable transmission system 电缆传输系统cable tube 电缆管cable velocity 电缆速度cable vibration 电缆振动cable wave 电缆波cable wheel 锚链轮cable winch 电缆绞车cable work 钢丝绳绞车cable 链；缆cable's length 链cable-dump truck 索式自卸卡车cable-guide method 钢丝绳导向法cable-laid rope 钢丝绳cablebreak 电缆波cablegram 海底电报cablehead end 电缆头终端cablehead overshot 绳帽打捞筒cablehead 电缆头cablese 电报用语cableway 索道cabling 敷设电缆cabochon 圆顶无刻面宝石cabotage 沿海航行CAC 现购自运cache bandwidth 高速缓存带宽cache coherence 高速缓存相干cache directory 高速缓存目录cache hit 高速缓存命中cache memory 高速缓冲存储器cache miss 高速缓存未中cache organization 高速缓存机构cache placement policy 高速缓存布局策略cache 贮藏处；高速缓冲存储器；贮藏cacodyl 卡可基Cacops 巨头螈属Cactograptus 荆棘笔石属CAD 合同签定日期CAD 环行声波测井仪CAD 计算机辅助设计cadalene 卡达烯；4-异丙基-1cadastral map 地籍图cadastral survey 地籍测量cadastre 地籍图CADD 计算机辅助设计与制图CADDS 计算机辅助定向钻井系统CADE 计算机辅助数据入口cadence 调子cadinane 杜松烷cadinene 杜松烯cadmium 2-ethylhexoate 2-乙基已酸镉cadmium filter 镉过滤器cadmium plated steel 镀镉钢cadmium shield 镉屏蔽cadmium 镉Cadomian Orogeny 卡多姆造山运动cadre 干部；架子；骨干CAE 计算机辅助教育Caen stone 米黄色石灰岩Caenozoic era 新生代Caenozoic 新生代的Caerfaian 克尔菲群caesium iodide 碘化铯caesium 铯CAF 货价加运价cafeteria 自助食堂caffeine 咖啡碱cage adapter 外壳连接器；深井泵罩的接头cage antenna 笼形天线cage assembly 外壳总成cage circuit 网格电路cage construction 骨架构造cage positioned ball valve 笼式定位球调节阀cage shooting 笼中爆炸法cage 笼cager 司罐工caging 制动Cagniard apparent resistivity 卡格尼亚德视电阻率Cagniard impedance 卡格尼亚德阻抗CaH 钙硬度Cahemolith 腐殖煤CAI 计算机辅助教学CAI 计算机辅助解释CAI 色变指数Cainozoic era 新生代Cainozoic group 新生界Cainozoic =Cenozoiccaisson foundation 沉箱基础caisson method 沉箱法caisson platform 沉箱型平台caisson quay-wall 沉箱岸壁caisson 沉箱cajuelite 金红石cake consistency 泥饼致密度cake permeability 泥饼渗透性cake porosity 泥饼孔隙度cake thickness 泥饼厚度cake 滤饼caking coal 粘结性煤caking 结块CAL 会话式代数语言CAL 井径曲线Cal 卡cal 口径CAL 连续衰减测井Cal 千克-卡CAL 套管异常定位器CAL 校准；标定；定分度CAL 校准器Calabrian 卡拉布里亚阶Calaisian phase 加拉西期calaite 绿松石calamenene 卡拉烯calamine 异极矿；菱锌矿；羟碳锌石calamite 绿透闪石calamity 灾难calander 砑光机calandria 排管式；排管式堆容器；蛇管冷却器calaverite 碲金矿calc spar 方解石calc- 石灰calc-alkali basalt 钙碱性玄武岩calc-alkali gabbro 钙碱辉长岩calc-alkali granite 钙碱花岗岩calc-alkali magma 钙碱性岩浆calc-alkalic rock series 钙碱性岩系calc-aluminosilicate rock 钙铝硅酸盐岩calc-sapropel 钙藻腐泥calc-schist 钙质片岩calc-silicate hornfels 钙质硅酸盐角岩calc-silicate rock 钙质硅酸盐岩calc-sinter 钙华calc-tufa 石灰华calc. 计算Calc. 计算的calcar 熔炉Calcarea 钙质海绵纲calcarenaceous orthoquartzite 钙质沉积石英岩calcarenaceous sandstone 钙屑砂岩calcarenaceous 钙质砂屑的calcarenite 砂屑石灰岩calcarenitic facies 钙屑沉积相calcarenitic limestone 含砂屑石灰岩calcarenyte 砂屑石灰岩calcareobarite 钙重晶石calcareous alga 钙藻calcareous cement 钙质胶结物；水硬石灰calcareous chert 钙质燧石calcareous clay 钙质粘土calcareous dolomite 钙质白云岩calcareous dolostone 钙质白云岩calcareous facies 钙质相calcareous green algae 钙质绿藻calcareous grit 钙质粗砂岩calcareous marl 灰质泥灰岩calcareous microfossil 钙质微体化石calcareous nanoplankton 钙质微型浮游生物calcareous ooid 钙质鲕粒calcareous ooze 钙质软泥calcareous rock 灰岩calcareous sandstone 灰质砂岩calcareous schist 钙质片岩calcareous shale 灰质页岩calcareous shell 钙质介壳calcareous silicate rock 钙质硅酸盐岩calcareous silt 钙质粉砂calcareous skeleton 钙质骨骼calcareous spar 方解石calcareous tufa 石灰华calcareous 石灰质的calcarinate 钙质胶结calcarneyte 钙质碎屑岩calcd 计算的calcedony 玉髓calces celx的复数calci amphiboles 钙角闪石类calcian dolomite 钙质白云岩calcibreccia 钙质角砾岩calcic rock series 钙性岩系calcic rock 钙性岩calcic 钙的Calcicalathina 钙兰石calciclase 钙长石calciclasitite 钙长岩calciclastic 碎屑碳酸盐岩的calcicrete 灰质结砾岩calciferous 含碳酸钙的calcific 钙化的calcification 钙化calcify 钙化calcilith 钙质岩calcilization 方解石化calcilutite 泥屑石灰岩calcimangite 锰方解石calcimeter 碳酸计；石灰测定器calcimetry 碳酸盐含量测定法calcimicrite 钙质微晶灰岩calcimine 石灰浆calcimorphic soil 钙成土calcinate 煅烧；煅烧产物calcination loss 灼烧损失calcination 煅烧calcinator 煅烧炉calcined coke 焙烧焦calciner 焙烧炉calcining kiln 焙烧窑calcipelite 泥屑石灰岩calcirudyte 砾屑石灰岩calcisilicarenite 钙质石英砂岩calcisiltite 粉砂屑石灰岩calcisphere 钙球calcite carbonatite 方解石碳酸盐岩calcite cement 方解石胶结物calcite mudstone 泥屑灰岩calcite syenite 方解石正长岩calcite 方解石calcite-cemented formation 钙质胶结地层calcite-dolomite solvus geothermometer 方解石-白云石溶线地温计calcite-dolomite thermometry 方解石-白云石测温法calcitic cementation 钙质胶结calcitic dolomite 钙质白云岩calcitic dolostone 方解石白云岩calcitite 方解石岩calcitization 方解石化calciturbidite 钙质浊积岩calcium acetate 醋酸钙calcium age 钙法年龄calcium bicarbonate 碳酸氢钙calcium bichromate 重铬酸钙calcium bioxalate 草酸氢钙calcium bromide 溴化钙calcium carbide process 电石法calcium carbide 碳化钙calcium carbonate scale 碳酸钙垢calcium carbonate 碳酸钙calcium chloride 氯化钙calcium citrate 柠檬酸钙calcium contamination 钙侵calcium disodium salt of EDTA 乙二胺四乙酸钠钙盐calcium ethyl acetoacetate 乙基乙酰乙酸钙calcium fluoride 氟化钙calcium gluconate 葡萄糖酸钙calcium glycerophosphate 甘油磷酸钙calcium grease 钙酯calcium hydride 氢化钙calcium hydroxide 氢氧化钙calcium hypochlorite 次氯酸钙calcium ion 钙离子calcium lactate 乳酸钙calcium lignosulfonate 木素磺酸钙calcium lime 生石灰calcium magnesium carbonate 碳酸钙镁calcium montmorillonite 钙蒙脱石calcium mud 钙泥浆calcium oxalate 草酸钙calcium oxide 氧化钙calcium palmitate 棕榈酸钙calcium plaster 石膏浆calcium propionate 丙酸钙calcium remover 除钙剂calcium salt 钙盐calcium silicate 硅酸钙calcium soap 钙皂calcium sodium salt of NTA 氮川三乙酸钙钠盐calcium soil 钙质土calcium subgroup 含钙水亚组calcium sulfate 硫酸钙calcium sulfide 硫化钙calcium sulfite 亚硫酸钙calcium sulphate plaster 石膏灰浆；石膏抹灰面calcium sulphate 硫酸钙calcium 钙calcium-base grease 钙基润滑脂calcium-potassium dating 钙-钾法测定年龄calcium-rich peat 富钙泥炭calcium-sodium soap grease 钙钠基酯calcium-stable lignosulfonate 钙稳定的木素磺酸盐calcium-treated mud 钙处理泥浆calclithite 碎屑灰岩calcolistolith 滑塌灰岩块体calcrete 钙结砾岩；钙结层calcrudite 砾屑石灰岩calcrudyte 砾屑石灰岩calcsparite 亮晶calculability 可计算性calculable 可计算的；能预计的；可靠的calculagraph 计时器calculate 计算calculated amount 计算量calculated capacity 计算容量calculated reserves 计算储量calculated 计算的calculating servo system 解算伺服系统calculation chart 计算图表calculation of reserves 储量计算calculation procedure 计算方法；计算程序calculation 计算；打算；统计；考虑calculator 计算机calculi calculus的复数calculous soil 砾质土calculus of differences 差分法calculus of variations 变分法calculus 计算caldasite 杂斜锆石caldera complex 火口组合体caldera ring fault 火口环形断裂caldera subsidence 火口陷落caldera 破火山口caldron glacier 火口冰川caldron 大锅Caledonian chain 加里东山链Caledonian fold 加里东褶皱Caledonian grain 加里东构造体系Caledonian orogeny 加里东造山运动Caledonian-Appalachian orogen 加里东-阿巴拉契亚造山带Caledonides 加里东造山带calefaction 暖calefactor 发暖器calendar day 日历日calendar plan 日程计划calendar time 日历时间calendar year 日历年度；年历制calendar 日历calender 压延机calendered film 压延薄膜calendering 压延calenderstack 砑光机calescence 渐增温Calestherites 优美叶肢介属caleta 小溺谷湾calf line 游动大绳calf reel 大绳滚筒calf wheel box 大绳滚筒轴承calf wheel 大绳滚筒calfdozer 小型推土机calgon 六偏磷酸钠caliber =calibrecalibrate 校准calibrated buret 分度滴定管calibrated disc 刻度盘calibrated pipet 刻度吸管calibrated resistance 校准电阻calibrated rod 刻度抽油杆；刻度尺calibrater 校准器calibrating agency 检定机关calibrating device 校准器calibrating gas 标准气体calibrating jig 刻度架calibrating procedure 检定程序calibration accuracy 校准精度calibration block 刻度块calibration card 调试卡片calibration cell 恒温槽calibration certificate 检定证书calibration channel 校正电路calibration chart 校准表calibration check 格值检定；标定检验calibration coefficient 标定系数calibration curve 格值曲线；标定曲线calibration equation 换算公式calibration facility 标定设备calibration factor 刻度因子calibration file 校准文件calibration film 刻度照相记录calibration function 校准作用；标定函数calibration gas 校准用气calibration gauge 刻度计calibration graph 校准曲线图calibration instrument 校准用仪表calibration interval 检定周期calibration line 定标线calibration loop 刻度环calibration marker 标准指示器calibration negative 检定底片calibration of gravimeter 重力仪格值calibration pit 刻度井calibration point 校准点calibration pulse 校准脉冲calibration resistor 校准电阻器calibration scale 校准表calibration source 刻度源calibration step 校准台阶calibration summary 刻度记录calibration tail 刻度线calibration tank 校准罐calibration test 校准试验calibration voltage 校准电压calibration well 刻度井calibration zero 刻度零线calibration 校准calibration-sub 校正接头calibrator =calibratercalibre circle 保径圆calibre gauge 测径规calibre insert 保径镶齿calibre 测径器；规caliche nodule 钙质结核caliche 生硝caliduct 暖气管道California 加利福尼亚californium 锎Calingaert and Davis equation 卡林格-戴维斯方程式caliper dipmeter 井径倾角仪caliper gauge 井径仪caliper log 井径测井caliper logging 井径测井caliper reading 测径读数caliper ring 井径仪刻度环caliper square 游标规caliper survey 井径测量caliper 井径仪；卡尺calipered hole size 测量的井径calipered ID 测量的内径Calippus 丽马属Calite 镍铝铬铁耐热合金calk 生石灰calker =caulkercalking 捻缝call address 调入地址call bell 电铃call box 电话亭call button 呼叫按钮；调入钮call by value 赋值call frame 调用帧call in 调入call instruction 调用指令call number 呼叫号码call on 号召call option 购进选择权；买入期权call sign 呼号call signal 呼号call stack 调用栈call statement 调用语句call word 调用字call 呼叫；访问；停靠；要求；引入call-back marker buoy 重返声控定位浮标call-back marker 应答浮标call-file system 流水档案系统callable loan 短期拆借caller 召集者Callialasporites 冠翼孢属calling for bids 招标calling indicator 呼叫指示器calling order 调入指令calling party 主叫用户calling program 调用程序calling sequence 调用序列calling 呼叫calliper pig 测径清管器calliper =caliperCallisporites 具环栉瘤孢属Callistopollenites 华丽粉属Callocladia 丽枝苔藓虫属callophane 荧光分析器callout diving 待令潜水Callovian 卡洛夫阶callow 表层calm belt 无风带CALM buoy 悬链锚腿系泊浮筒calm 平稳CALM 悬链锚腿系泊Calmalloy 卡尔马洛伊合金Calmet 铬镍铝奥氏体耐热合金calobiosis 同栖共生calomel cell 甘汞电池calomel electrode 甘汞电极calomel 甘汞Calophyllum 美珊瑚属calor- 热calorescence 热光caloric effect 热效应caloric receptivity 吸热量caloric unit 热量单位caloric 热量caloricity 热容Calorie 大卡calorie 卡calorifacient 生热的calorific capacity 热容量calorific effect 热效应calorific efficiency 热效率calorific equivalent 热功当量calorific intensity 热强度calorific power 发热量calorific radiation 热辐射calorific value 热值calorifics 热工学calorifier 热风机calorimeter 热量计calorimetric determination 热量测定calorimetric method 测热法calorimetry 测热法；量热学calorisator 热法浸提器calorite 镍铬铁锰耐热合金calorizator =calorisatorcalorized steel 渗铝钢calorizing 渗铝法calorstat 恒温器Calorstylis 孔壁珊瑚属calory =caloriecalotte 帽状物calotype 光力摄影法Calpichitina 瓮几丁虫属calpis 乳剂CALRM 悬链锚腿刚性系泊系统Calstronbarite 钙锶重晶石Caltech 加州理工学院CALTEX 加利福尼亚-得克萨斯石油公司calthrop 海绵骨针caltonite 方沸碧玄岩calutron 卡留管；加州大学回旋加速器calx 金属灰；矿灰；石灰calyces calyx的复数calyptolite 锆石calyx 萼；萼状钻；岩屑导筒cam drive 凸轮传动cam follower 凸轮随动件cam gear 凸轮装置cam grinder 凸轮磨床cam journal 凸轮轴颈cam pump 凸轮泵cam release key 凸轮松扣键CAM 计算机辅助制造CAM 检测自动监控cam 凸轮CAM 弯度CAM 相联存储器cam-cutter 凸轮式割刀Camarocladia 穴芽海绵属Camarocypris 拱星介属Camarozonosporites 楔环孢属Camasia 卡马斯叠层石属camber curve 拱度曲线camber ratio 拱度比camber 弯度cambered inwards 内倾的cambered outwards 向外凸的cambered way 弧形滑道cambered 拱型的cambic horizon 过渡层Cambrian period 寒武纪Cambrian system 寒武系Cambrian 寒武纪Cambridge 剑桥Cambro-ordovician 寒武-奥陶纪came 有槽铅条camel 骆驼；起重浮箱camera angle 摄影机物镜视角camera control interface 照相记录仪控制接口camera coverage 摄影范围；摄影机视场camera depression 摄影机倾斜角camera drive panel 照相记录仪驱动面板camera marker 摄影机标志灯camera recorder 照相记录仪camera shutter 照相机快门camera 照相机camera-read theodolite 摄影读数经纬仪camera-scanning pattern 摄影机扫描图camion 货车camlock 凸轮锁紧器camming action 凸轮作用camming 凸轮系统camouflage paint 保护色油漆camouflage 伪装camouflage-detection film 伪装探测胶片camp boss 井队队长camp buildings 施工营地camp equipment 野外作业设备camp site 施工现场camp 野营；帐篷；集团campaign 运动；战役；连续操作时间Campanian 坎佩尼阶campanite 碱玄白榴岩camper 野营车camphane 莰烷；莰camphene 莰烯camphor oil 樟脑油camphor 樟脑；茨酮Campiler beds 坎坡层Camptognathus 弯曲颚牙形石属camptonite 闪煌岩camptospessartite 钛辉斜煌岩campus 校园Campylosphaera 弯曲球石camshaft 凸轮轴can buoy 罐形浮标can filler 装罐机can manufacturing 钣金加工can rinser 油罐冲洗机can 罐头；金属容器Canada 加拿大canada 深切V形峡谷；小溪Canadian series 加拿大统Canadian shield 加拿大地盾Canadian Society of Exploration Geophysicists 加拿大勘探地球物理学家协会Canadian standard sieve series 加拿大标准筛目系列Canadis 加拿大地盾canadol 坎那油canal ditch 泥浆槽canal lock 渠闸canal wrench 管沟锹或铲；管钳canal 运河canal-lay construction 开运河铺管法canalization 管道系统；开掘运河；渠道网；管道化cancarixite 霓英煌岩cancel 取消cancellated structure 网格构造cancellation law 相消律cancellation of business licence 吊销执照cancellation 取消canceller 消除器Cancellina 格子NFDA3属canch hole 挑顶炮眼；卧底炮眼cancrinite 钙霞石candela 烛光candescence 白热candidate frac fluid 待选压裂液candidate reservoir 候选油藏candidate sequence 候选层序candidate well 候选井candidate 候选人；选择物；投考者candle coal 烛煤candle turbidimeter 烛光浊度计candle 蜡烛candy bottoms 捞砂阀件Caninia 犬齿珊瑚属canister 罐canned data 存储信息canned oil 听装油canned program 现成程序canned pump 密封轻便泵canned routine 固定例行程序canned sample 罐装样品canned software 现成软件canned 装成罐的；罐贮的；密封的；存储的cannel coal 烛煤cannel shale 粗油页岩cannel test 成沟试验cannel 烛煤cannelite 烛煤canneloid 烛煤质煤cannelure 纵向槽；环形沟槽cannibalization 拼修；零件拆用；同型装配canning 罐头食品的制造；油封cannister =canistercannon bore 炮筒cannon plug 圆柱形插头cannon 空心轴Cannon-Fenske viscometer 坎农-芬斯克粘度计cannula 套管cannulae cannula的复数canoe fold 舟状褶皱canoe valley 向斜谷canoe 缠绕方式canoe-shaped ridge 舟状向斜脊canon 规范canonic 典型的canonical analysis 典型分析canonical correlation 典型相关canonical distribution 正则分布canonical equation 典型方程canonical form 范式canonical plotting 标准曲线图canonical profile 标准剖面canonical trend 典型趋势canonical variable 典型变数canonical variance 典型方差canopy 天篷cant frame 艉端斜肋骨cant hook 钩杆cant 斜面cantalever =cantilevercantalite 松脂流纹岩cantaliver =cantilevercanted leg 倾斜腿canteen 工地食堂cantilever beam 悬梁cantilever crane 悬臂起重机cantilever derrick 悬臂式起重机；折叠式井架cantilever gin pole 悬臂把杆；动臂把杆cantilever mast 悬臂式桅杆；折叠式轻便井架cantilever platform 悬臂平台cantilever pump 悬臂泵cantilever type inclinometer 悬臂式井斜仪cantilever 悬臂cantilevered well module 悬臂式井模cantilevered 悬臂式的canvas belt 帆布带canvas hose 帆布水龙带canvas =canvasscanvass 考察canyon bench 峡谷阶地canyon dune 峡谷沙丘canyon fill 峡谷淤积canyon 峡谷canyon-fan system 海底谷-扇系canyonside 峡谷陡壁caoutchouc 生橡胶；弹性地蜡cap assembly 雷管组cap bead 表面焊道cap bolt 盖螺栓cap effect 盖岩影响cap formation 盖层cap nut 螺帽cap pass 面焊道cap screw 有盖螺钉CAP 彩色振幅-相位cap 电容cap 电容器cap 帽cap 容量capability 能力capable fault 能动断层capacidin 能杀菌素capacitance balancing 电容平衡capacitance bridge 电容电桥capacitance coupling 电容耦合capacitance decade box 十进制电容箱capacitance loading 电容负载capacitance meter 电容测量仪capacitance potentiometer 电容电位计capacitance probe 电容探针capacitance relay 电容式继电器capacitance strain gauge 电容式应变仪capacitance 电容；机械容量capacitance-coupled flip-flop 电容耦合触发器capacitance-resistance filter 阻容滤波器capacitive based 电容型的capacitive coupling 电容耦合capacitive load 电容负载capacitive plug 电容插头capacitive reactance 容抗capacitive transducer 电容传感器capacitive-displacement transducer 电容-位移传感器capacitivity 电容率capacitor filter 电容滤波器capacitor microphone 静电传声器capacitor oil 绝缘油capacitor plate 电容器极板capacitor reactance 容抗capacitor 电容器capacitor-controlled oscillator 电容控制振荡器capacitor-diode memory 电容器-二极管存储器capacitron 原子击破器；电容汞弧管capacity curve 生产能力曲线图capacity exceeding number 超位数capacity factor 容量因数；利用率capacity of drum 滚筒绕绳量capacity of heat transmission 传热量capacity of pump 泵的排量capacity of well 井的生产能力capacity operation 全容量操作capacity production rate 最大允许产量capacity production 正常生产率capacity profile 生产能力capacity rating 额定生产能力capacity reactance 容抗capacity seismograph 电容式地震capacity seismometer 电容式地震检波器capacity unbalance 电容不平衡capacity utilization rate 设备利用率capacity utilization ratio 能力利用率capacity 才能capacity-adjusted differential value 能力调整差额值capacity-head curve 排量-压头曲线capadyne 电致伸缩继电器capaswitch 双电致伸缩继电器Cape of Good Hope 好望角cape 岬；海角capex 基建费用capillarimeter 毛细管测液器capillarimetric method 毛细测量法capillarity correction 毛细误差校正capillarity 毛细作用capillarity-correction chart 毛细误差校正表capillary action 毛细作用capillary ascent 毛细上升capillary attraction 毛细吸引capillary bore 毛细管孔capillary bulb 毛细球capillary bundle 毛细管束capillary capacity 毛细容量capillary channel 毛细孔道capillary chemistry 表面化学capillary condensation 毛细凝聚capillary control 毛细控制capillary correction 毛细改正capillary crack 毛细裂纹capillary depression 毛细下降capillary desaturation 毛细管驱替capillary diaphragm 毛细隔膜capillary discontinuity 毛细管不连续性capillary displacement ratio 毛细管准数capillary driving force 毛细管驱动力capillary effect 毛细管效应capillary electrode 毛细管电极capillary end barrier 毛细管末端屏障capillary end effect 毛细终点效应capillary entry pressure 毛细管吸入压力capillary flask 毛细瓶capillary flow 毛细管渗流capillary flowmeter 毛细管流量计capillary force 毛细力capillary fracture 毛细裂缝capillary fringe 毛细上升带capillary gas chromatography 毛细管气相色谱capillary glass tube 玻璃毛细管capillary hydrodynamics 毛细管流体动力学capillary hysteresis 毛细管滞后现象capillary imbibition waterflood 毛细管自吸注水capillary imbibition 毛细管自吸capillary instability 毛细不稳定性capillary interstice 毛细孔隙capillary jet viscometer 毛细管射流粘度计capillary lift 毛细上升capillary lubricant 毛细管作用润滑剂capillary migration 毛细管运移capillary neck 毛细管颈capillary network 毛细管网络capillary number 毛细管数capillary packed column 毛细管填料柱capillary penetration 毛细管渗透capillary percolation 毛细管渗滤作用capillary phenomenon 毛细现象capillary plunger 毛细管型柱塞capillary pore 毛细管孔隙capillary porosity 毛细管孔隙度capillary power-law model 毛细管幂律模型capillary pressure history 毛细管压力随时间变化情况capillary pressure hysteresis 毛细管压力滞后现象capillary pressure withdrawal curve 退汞毛细管压力曲线capillary pressure 毛细管压力capillary pressure-saturation curve 毛细管压力-饱和度关系曲线capillary property 毛细性质capillary pulling power 毛细拉力capillary retention 毛细管滞留capillary rheometer 毛细管流变仪capillary ripple 毛细波痕capillary rise 毛细上升capillary saturation 毛细管饱和度capillary seepage 毛细管渗出capillary siphoning 毛细管虹吸capillary tension 毛细张力capillary thickness 毛细厚度capillary tip 毛细管尖端capillary trapping force 毛细管捕获力capillary tube technique 毛细管法capillary tube 毛细管capillary viscometer 毛细管粘度计capillary viscometry 毛细管测粘法capillary viscosimeter 毛细管粘度计capillary viscosity 毛细管粘度capillary void 毛细孔隙capillary wave 毛细波capillary 毛细管；毛发状的capillary-gravity equilibrium 毛细管力-重力平衡capillary-height method 毛细高度法capillary-pressure cell 毛细管压力计capillary-retained oil 毛细管滞留油capillary-size pore 毛细孔隙capillator 毛细管比色计capister 变容二极管capital assets 固定资产capital concentrated industry 资本密集型产业capital construction distribution 基本建设布局capital construction funds 基本建设基金capital construction investment 基本建设投资capital construction 基本建设capital contribution 资本摊缴；资本捐赠；资本投入capital cost 基建费用capital employed 运用资本capital expenditure 资本建设费用capital export 资本输出capital flows 资本流动capital fund 资本资金capital gain tax 资本增值税capital gains 资本增益capital gearing 资本匹配；资本分摊capital inflow 资本流入capital intensive industry 大投资工业capital intensive 资本密集capital invested 投入资本capital investment 资本投资capital lease 资本型租赁capital levy 资本税capital loss 资本损失capital market 资本市场capital movement 资本流动capital outflow 资本流出capital outlay 资本支出capital payoff 投资回收capital rationing 资金限额capital recovery period 还本周期capital recovery 资本回收capital repair 大修capital sharing 资本分摊capital stock outstanding 已发股本capital stock 股本capital string 油层套管capital structure 资本结构capital surplus 资金盈余capital 首都capitalism 资本主义capitalist 资本家capitalization 资本总额capitalized ratio 资本化比率capitalized value 资本化价值Capitosaurus 大头螈属caplastometer 粘度计capote 带风帽的长大衣；罩capped wellhead 扣装井口capper 封口机capping bead 盖面焊道capping bed 盖层capping formation 盖层capping hookup 防喷器组井控装置capping mass 浮土capping operation 封井作业capping thickness 剥土厚度capping 压顶capric acid 癸酸caprinid biosparite 双壳类生物亮晶灰岩caprock effect 盖层效应caprock 盖层caproic acid 己酸caprolactam polymerization 己内酰胺聚合caprolactam 己内酰胺caprolactone 己内酯caprone 卡普纶caprylate 辛酸盐caprylic acid 辛酸capsize 翻掉capsizing moment 倾覆力矩capstan engine 绞盘机capstan lathe 六角车床capstan winch 绞盘capstan 绞盘；起锚机capstock 面料capstone 压顶石capsulated 胶囊包裹的；装入雷管的capsulation 封装capsule gun 弹座式射孔器capsule umbilicals 潜水工作舱供送管capsule 小盒captain 首领captance 容抗captation 收集caption 标题captive bubble method 捕泡法captive drop technique 俘滴法captive droplet technique 俘滴法captive tanker 集油轮captive 捕获captivity 监禁；捕获；俘虏；束缚capture cross section 俘获截面capture efficiency 俘获效率；采油效率capture event 俘获事件capture gamma-ray spectrometry 俘获伽马射线能谱测量capture gamma-ray 俘获伽马射线capture mean-free path 俘获平均自由程capture measurement 俘获测量capture product 俘获产物capture ratio 俘获比capture reaction 俘获反应capture resonance 俘获共振capture transition 俘获跃迁capture unit 俘获单位capture 俘获capture-radiation dose 俘获辐射剂量captured bolt 螺帽固定螺柱captured river 袭夺河captured source 袭夺源capturing medium 俘获介质capturing nucleus 俘获核capturing river 袭夺河Capulisporites 剑锥大孢属capwise 垂直走向capy =capacitycar body coupler 车钩car coupler 车钩car dump 货车的倾翻卸载装置car ferry 车辆渡船car oil 车油car 车辆CAR 可控雪崩整流器caracole 旋梯Caradoc 喀拉多克阶carapace 背壳carat count 每克拉金刚石粒数carat loss 金刚石损失carat 克拉；金位carat-goods 一粒金钢石的克拉数caravan site 车队驻地caravan 拖车Carb 汽化器carb- 含碳的carbalkoxy 烷酯基；烷氧羰基carbamate 氨基甲酸盐carbamic acid 氨基甲酸carbamide resin 聚脲树脂carbamide 脲carbamyl 氨基甲酰基carbanilation 异氰酸苯酯化作用carbanion 阴碳离子carbankerite 微碳酸盐质层；碳铁白云石carbapatite 碳酸磷灰石carbargillite 微泥质层carbazole 咔唑carbazone 卡巴腙carbene 碳烯；炭青质carbide bit 硬质合金钻头carbide blade 硬质合金刀片carbide cutter 硬质合金刀具carbide drum 电石贮罐carbide extension 硬合金齿高度carbide hob 硬质合金滚刀carbide insert bit 镶硬合金齿的牙轮钻头carbide insert 镶硬合金齿carbide mud residue 电石渣carbide of calcium 碳化钙carbide slag 电石渣carbide slug 碳化钨镶嵌物carbide type bit 镶硬合金齿的牙轮钻头carbide 碳化物carbide-feed generator 乙炔发生器carbide-insert burial 硬合金齿吃入深度carbide-tipped drill 硬质合金钻头carbide-tipped milling cutter 硬质合金镶刃铣刀carbide-tipped slip 硬质合金牙尖的卡瓦carbide-tipped tool 硬质合金刀具carbinol 甲醇carbitol 卡必醇carbo- 碳carboanimalis 动物碳carboanion 碳阴离子carboatomic ring 碳环carbobitumen 煤系沥青；焦油沥青carbocal tar 低温焦油carbocation 碳阳离子carbocer 稀土沥青carbochain polymer 碳链聚合物carbochain 碳链carbocycle 碳环carbocyclic compound 碳环化合物carbogel 煤胶体carbohumin 棕腐质carbohydrase 糖酶carbohydrate metabolism 糖类代谢作用carbohydrate 碳水化合物carbohydrates 碳水化合物carboid 焦沥青；油焦质carbolic acid 石碳酸carbolic 碳的carboline 咔啉carboloy 碳化钨硬质合金carbometer 定碳仪carbomorphism 碳化carbon hydrogen ratio 碳-氢比carbon arc air gouging 碳弧气刨carbon arc cutting 碳弧切割carbon arc welding 碳弧焊carbon battery 碳电池carbon bisulfide 二硫化碳carbon blacd 炭黑carbon black 炭黑carbon bond 碳键carbon brush 碳刷carbon build-up 碳堆积carbon burning 烧碳carbon chain fibre 碳链纤维carbon chain 碳链carbon chloroform extract 碳氯仿抽提物。
水射流术语
水射流常用术语词汇表AAbrasion 磨耗，磨损Abrasive 磨料Abrasive jet 磨料射流Abrasive nozzle 磨料喷嘴Abrasive particle 磨料颗粒Abrasive suspension jet 磨料浆体射流Advanced ceramics 高级陶瓷Air jet 空气射流Autoclave 蒸压器，高压釜BBack thrust 后推力，后座力Blasting 喷射Borehole 扩孔，孔眼Breaking 破裂，碎裂Brinell hardness 布式硬度Brittle material 脆性材料Bur 毛刺，鳞片CCannon 炮，短粗管Carbon dioxide 二氧化碳Cavitation 空化Cavitation erosion 空蚀，汽蚀Cavitating jet 空化射流Centrifugal pump 离心泵Chemical erosion 化学冲蚀Check valve 单向阀Chipping 碎片，碎屑Cleaning 清洗，清净CMC 羧甲基纤维素Coal mining 采煤，采矿Coating removal 涂层清除Composite 复合物，复合材料Compressive strength 抗压强度Concrete 混凝石，混凝土Continuous jet 连续射流Contraction 收缩Control valve 控制阀Culmination 顶点，极点Cut 切割，切削Cutting 切割，切屑DDeburring 去毛刺，除鳞Decommissioning 拆除Decontamination 净化，清除Descaling 除垢，除锈Discharge 排出，排量Discharge coefficient 流量系数Dismantling 拆卸，拆除Disposal 处理，废弃Drilling 钻进，钻孔Droplet impact 液滴冲击Ductile material 塑(韧)性材料Dump valve 卸荷阀，切断阀Dwell time 停滞时间Dynamic pressure 动压力EEDM machining 点火花加工Elasto-plastic method 弹塑性方法Electro-chemical cutting 电化学切割Erosion 冲蚀，腐蚀Erosion rate 冲蚀速度Erosion resistance 冲蚀阻力Erosion volume 冲蚀体积Excavation 挖掘，开凿Exit diameter 出口直径Exposure time 冲击时间Extrusion 冲击FFeed pipe 供给管，来流管Feeding rate 进给速度Flexible hose 柔性管，软管Flow 流动Flow modulation 流动调制Flow rate 流量，排量Fluid jet 流体射流Foot gun 脚踏枪Foot valve 脚踏阀Free jet 自由射流GGarnet 石榴石，拓榴石Gas jet 气体射流Gate valve 滑阀，闸阀Granite 花岗石HHalf-initial pressure 半衰压力Hand gun 手持枪Hardness 硬度High pressure water jet 高压水射流Hose 软管，胶管Hydraulic mining 水力开采Hydraulic power 水功率IImpact angle 冲击角Impact pressure 冲击压力Impinging jet 冲击射流Industrial cleaning 工业清洗Injection 喷射，注射Inlet angle 入口角度Intensifier 增压器Interrupted jet 间断射流JJet 射流，喷射Jet cleaning 射流清洗Jet cutting 射流切割Jet machining 射流加工Jet milling 射流研磨Jet nozzle 射流喷嘴Jet pump 射流泵Jet thrust 射流推力Jetting 喷射，射流Jet turning 射流车削Jet velocity 射流速度KKerf 切割，切缝Kerf depth 切槽深度Kerf width 切槽宽度Kerf volume 切口体积LLaminar flow 层流Lance 喷枪，喷管Lbs = pounds 磅Lift valve 升阀Limestone 石灰石MMachinability 加工性Marble 大理石Mesh 网，筛，目Microcrack 微裂隙，微裂缝Micro-flaking 微剥落Microjet 微射流Mixing chamber 混合腔Mixing tube 混合管，混砂管Mud 泥浆Multi-phase jet 多相射流NNeedle valve 针型阀Newtonian fluid 牛顿液体Non-Newtonian fluid 非牛顿液体Nozzle exit 喷嘴出口Nozzle geometry 喷嘴形状Nozzle shape 喷嘴形状Nozzle structure 喷嘴结构OOn-off valve 开关阀，启闭阀Orifice 孔口，孔板Oscillation 振荡，振动Organ-pipe 风琴管PPAM (polyarylamide) 聚丙烯酰胺Peeling 剥离Penetration 穿透，钻进Percussive 振动Piston pump 活塞泵Plunger pump 柱塞泵Poiseuille flow 波松流动Polymer 聚合物Pore water 孔隙水Pore water pressure 孔隙压力Positive displacement pump 排液泵，变容泵Potential core 等速核Pressure fluctuation 压力振动Pressure gauge 压力计，压力表Pressure intensifier 增压器Pressure pulsation 压力脉动Pressure vessel 压力容器Pulsed jet 脉冲射流RRelief valve 卸荷阀，安全阀Removal 清除，去除Resonating 谐振，共振Rock pressure 岩石压力Rotary head 旋转头Rotary nozzle 旋转喷嘴Rotating jet 旋转射流SSafety valve 安全阀Sand pump 砂泵Sand stone 砂岩Sapphire 蓝宝石Scale 尺度，垢Self-excited 自激，自激励Self-resonating 自振，自谐振Shear layer 剪切层Shear zone 剪切区Shut-off valve 截流阀，关闭阀Silicon carbide 碳化硅Silicon dioxide 二氧化硅Single phase jet 单相射流Sluice 冲洗Slurry 泥浆，浆液Specific kerf energy 切割比能Splattering 溅水，飞溅Stagnation pressure 滞止压力Standoff distance 喷距Steady jet 稳定射流Submerged jet 淹没射流Surface finish 表面光洁度Surface roughness 表面粗糙度Surface waveness 表面波度Surge pressure 激动压力Swelling 膨胀，增大Swirling jet 旋转射流TTraverse rate 移动速率Traverse speed 移动速度Tungsten carbide 碳化钨Turbulent flow 紊流UUnloading valve 卸荷阀Unsteady jet 不稳定射流VValve 阀，阀门Velocity coefficient 流速系数Venturi tube 文丘里管Vickers hardness 维式硬度Viscosity 粘度WWall jet 壁面射流Water blasting 水力喷射Water jet 水射流Water hammer 水锤，水击Water-only jet 水射流Water permeability 透水性Wear 磨损Well boring 钻孔，扩孔Workpiece 工件，试件。
过滤器类英文词汇
AAbrasion磨损Abrasive Wear磨料磨损Absolute Filtration Rating绝对过滤额定值Absolute Pressure 绝对压力Absolute Viscosity 绝对粘度Absorbent Filter吸收性过滤器Absorption吸收Accumulator蓄能器Acid酸Acid Number酸值Acid Sludge酸渣Acid Treating酸处理Acidity酸度Activated Alumina活性氧化铝Actuator执行机构Additive 添加剂Additive Level添加剂含量Additive stability添加剂稳定性Adhesion粘附Adhesive Wear粘着磨损Adsorptive Filtration吸附过滤Aeration曝气(空气悬浮在液体的状态) Agglomeration凝聚Air Bleeder 放气阀Air Breather通风装置Air Entrainment空气夹带Air Motor气动马达Air/Oil Systems空气/油冷却系统Air-Gap Solenoid 气隙电磁阀Alkali 碱Aluminum Alloy铝合金Ambient Temperature环境温度Analytical Ferrography分析铁谱学Anhydrous无水的Aniline Point 苯胺点Anti-foam Agent消泡剂Anti-friction Bearing耐磨轴承Anti-oxidants抗氧化剂Antistatic Additive抗静电添加剂Anti-wear Additives抗磨损添加剂Apparent Viscosity表观粘度Aromatic 芳香的Ash灰分Asperities凹凸Atmospheric Pressure大气压Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy原子吸收光谱法Axial-load Bearing轴向承载BBack Pressure背压Background Contamination背景污染Bacteria 细菌Bactericide杀菌剂Baffle挡板Ball Bearing滚珠轴承Bellows Seal波纹管密封Bevel Gear锥齿轮Biocides 生物杀灭剂Biodegradation生物降解Bitumen沥青Black oils黑油Blending掺混Blow-by漏气Boiling Point沸点Boiling Range沸程.Bomb Oxidation氧弹Boundary LubricationBreakdown Maintenance 故障检修Bridging架桥Bright Stock精致润滑油Bubble Point泡点Built-in-dirt内置污垢Burst pressure Rating爆破压力额定值Bushing衬套Bypass Filtration旁路过滤Bypass Valve (Relief valve)旁通阀CCapacity容量Capillary Viscometer毛细管粘度计Carbon碳Carbon (deposit)碳沉积物Carbon Residue碳渣Carbon Type碳型Carbonyl Iron Powder羰基铁粉Carcinogen 致癌物Cartridge Seal盒式密封Case Drain Filter壳体泄油滤清器Case Drain Line箱体排水管Catalyst催化剂Catalytic Converter催化剂转化器Catastrophic Failure灾难性故障Caustic腐蚀性的Cavitation空穴作用Cavitation Erosion气蚀Cellulose Media 纤维素介质Centralized Lubrication集中润滑Centrifugal Separator离心分离器Channeling沟道效应Chemical Stability化学稳定性Chip Control (grit control, last-chance) filter 粗砂过滤器Chlorinated Wax氯化蜡Chromatography色谱法Circulating Header System循环集箱系统Circulating Oil循环油Circulating System循环系统Clay Filtration粘土过滤Clean Room洁净室Cleanable Filter 可清洗过滤器Cleanliness Level清洁度等级Clearance Bearing空隙轴承Cloud Point浊点Coefficient of Friction 摩擦系数Cohesion内聚力Coking焦化Cold Cranking Simulator冷启动模拟器Cranking speed起动速度Collapse坍塌Collapse Pressure坍塌压力Complex Grease复合润滑脂Compound复合物Compounded Oil复合油Compressed Air压缩空气Compressibility压缩性Compression Ratio压缩比Compressor压缩机Consistency一致性Contaminant污染物Contaminant Capacity污染物容量Contaminant Failure污染物失效Contaminant Lock污染物卡紧Contamination Control污染控制Coolant冷却液Copper Strip Corrosion铜带腐蚀Corrosive agents.腐蚀剂Corrosion腐蚀Corrosion Inhibitor缓蚀剂Coupling耦合Cracking开裂Cracking Pressure破裂压.Crankcase Oil曲轴箱润滑油Cryogenics低温技术Cutting Fluid切削液Cutting Oil切削油Cycle循环Cylinder汽油缸Cylinder Oil气缸油DDeaerator除氧器Desiccant干燥Degas脱气Degradation退化老化Dehydrator脱水器Delamination Wear分层磨损Demulsibility抗乳化性Demulsifier 破乳剂Density密度Deplete 损耗Deposits沉积Depth Filter深度过滤器Depth Filter Media深度过滤器介质Dermatitis皮炎Desorption解吸Detergent Oil洗涤剂油Dewaxing脱蜡Dielectric Strength介电强度Differential Pressure Indicator压差指示器Differential Pressure Valve压差阀Directional Control Servo Valve方向控制伺服阀Directional Control Valve方向控制阀Dirt Capacity含污垢量Dispersant分散剂Disposable可处理的Dissolved Air溶解空气Dissolved Gases溶解气体Dissolved Water溶解水Double Seal双重密封Drag拖动阻力Dropping Point滴点Dry Lubrication 干润滑Dry Sump干式油底盒Dual-Line System 双管路系统Duplex Filter双联过滤器Dust Capacity含尘量Dynamic Seal动态密封EElastohydrodynamic Lubrication弹性液压润滑Elastomer弹性体Electrical Insulating Oil电绝缘油Electrostatic Separator静电分离器Emission Spectrometer发射光谱仪Emulsibility乳化性Emulsifier乳化剂Emulsion乳剂End Cap端盖Engine Deposits发动机沉积物Entrained Air空气夹带Environmental Contaminant环境污染物EP (Extreme Pressure) Lubricants极压润滑油Erosion冲蚀Externally Pressurized Seal外部加压密封Extreme Pressure (EP) Additive极压添加剂FFabrication Integrity Point制造完整点Face Seal表面密封Fat油脂Fatigue Life疲劳寿命Fiber Grease纤维润滑脂Film Strength油膜强度Filter过滤器Filter Efficiency过滤效率Filter Element过滤原件Filter Head过滤器头Filter Housing 过滤器外壳Filter Life Test过滤器寿命测试Filtration过滤Filtration (Beta) Ratio过滤比Fire point (Clevelend Open Cup)燃点Fire Resistant Fluid耐火液体Fixed Displacement Pump固定排量泵Flash Point (Cleveland Open Cup)闪点Floc Point 凝絮点Flow Control Valve流量控制阀Flow Fatigue Rating流量疲劳额定值Flow Rate流量Flowmeter流量计Fluid流体Fluid Compatibility流体相容性Fluid Friction流体摩擦Fluid Opacity流体不透明度Fluid Power流体动力Fluid Velocity流体速度Flushing冲洗Foam泡沫Foam Inhibitor 泡沫抑制剂Foaming起泡Food Grade Lubricants食品级润滑油Force Feed Lubrication强制润滑Four Ball Tester四球测试机Free Air大气Free Water游离水Fretting微动磨损Fretting Corrosion微动腐蚀Friction摩擦Fuel Dilution燃油稀释Fuel Economy节约燃油Full Flow Filter全流过滤器Full Fluid Film Lubrication全流体膜润滑GGage量表测量Galling磨损Gas Turbine燃气轮机Gasohol乙醇汽油Gear齿轮Gear Oil齿轮油Gearbox (gear housing)齿轮箱Generated Contaminant生成的污染物Graphite石墨Gravimetric Analysis单位重量分析Gravity重力Gravity Separation重力分离Grease润滑脂Grease Fitting润滑脂嘴Grease Gun滑脂枪HHardness硬度Head端盖Heat Exchanger热交换器Heavy Ends重质馏分Helical Gear斜齿轮Housing外壳HVI高粘度指数Hybrid Bearing混合轴承Hydraulic Fluid液压流体Hydraulic Motor液压马达Hydraulic Oil液压油Hydraulic Pump液压泵Hydraulic System 液压系统Hydraulics水力学Hydro Turbine水轮机Hydrocarbons碳氢化合物Hydrodynamic Lubrication 流体动力润滑Hydrofinishing加氢精制Hydrogenation氢化作用Hydrolysis水解作用Hydrolytic Stability水解稳定性Hydrometer液体比重计Hydrostatic Lubrication流体静力润滑Hypoid Gear Lubricant准双曲面齿轮润滑IImage Analyzer 图像分析仪Induction period 诱导期Immiscible互不相融的Incompatible Fluids不相容流体Indicator指示器Industrial Lubricant 工业润滑油Infrared Analysis 红外分析Infrared Spectra红外光谱Infrared Spectroscopy红外光谱法Ingested Contaminants污染物摄入Ingression Level摄入等级In-line Filter直列式过滤器Inside-mounted Seal内部安装密封Insolubles不可溶物Intensifier增强器Intercooler中间冷却器Interfacial Tension (IFT)界面张力Ion Exchange离子交换Internal combustion engines.内燃机Journal Bearing径向轴承Kinematic Viscosity 运动粘度Lacquer油漆Laminar Flow层流Laminar Particles层状粒子Light Ends光端Light Obscuration不透光度Lip Seal唇形密封Liquid液体Lubricant Tester润滑剂测试仪Lithium Grease锂基润滑脂Load-carrying Capacity负载容量Load-wear Index (LWI)载荷磨损指数Lubricator润滑器Lubricity润滑度LVI低粘度指数MMechanical means机械设备Mechanical agitation 机械搅动Magnetic Filter磁性过滤器Magnetic Plug磁性塞子Magnetic Seal磁性密封Magnetic Separator磁性分离器Manifold歧管Manifold Filter歧管过滤器Mechanical Seal机械密封Media Migration介质迁移Medium介质Metal Oxides金属氧化物Metalworking Lubricant金属加工润滑剂Microscope Method显微镜法Mineral Oil矿物油Mineral Seal Oil矿物密封油Miscible可溶的Mixed Film混合油膜Mold (release) Lubricant 铸模润滑剂Moly钼Molybdenum Disulfide二硫化钼Motor发动机Motor Bearing发动机轴承Motor Oil机油Multigrade Oil多等级油NNaphthenic 环烷基Needle Bearing滚针轴承Newtonian Fluid牛顿流体Nitration硝化Nitrous Oxide一氧化二氮Nominal Filtration Rating公称过滤精度Non-Newtonian Fluid非牛顿流体Nonwoven Medium非织造介质Normal Paraffin正链烷OObliteration淤积Oil油Oil Analysis油分析Oil Change换油.Oil Consumption机油消耗Oil Consumption Ratio机油消耗率Oil Drain放油孔Oil Filter机油过滤器Oil Flushing油冲洗Oil Mist Lubrication油雾润滑Oil Mist System油雾系统Oil Oxidation油氧化Oil Ring油环Oil Sampling油样采集Oiler 注油器Oiliness油质Oiliness Agent油性剂Open bubble point (boil point)沸点Open Gear开放式齿轮Outside-mounted Seal 外部安装密封Oxidation Inhibitor抗氧化剂Oxidation Stability氧化稳定性PPaper Chromatography纸色谱分析法Paraffin石蜡Parallel Systems平行系统Particle Count颗粒计数Particle Counter颗粒计数器Particle Density颗粒密度Particle Erosion颗粒侵蚀Particle Impingement Erosion颗粒撞击侵蚀Particulates微粒Pascal’s Law帕斯卡定律Patch Test斑片试验PCV Valve曲轴箱强制通风系统阀Permeability渗透性Petrochemical石化Phenol苯酚Phosphate Ester磷酸酯Pinion小齿轮Pitch Line结线Pitting点蚀Plain Bearing滑动轴承Pleated Filter 折叠过滤器Pneumatics气体力学Poise (absolute viscosity)绝对粘度Polar Compound极性化合物Polishing (bore)抛光Polymer 聚合物Polymerization聚合作用Pore气孔Pore Size Distribution孔径分布Porosity孔隙Pour Point倾点Pour Point Depressant降凝剂Pour Stability凝点稳定性Predictive Maintenance预见性维修Pressure压力Pressure Control Valve压力控制阀. Pressure Drop压降Pressure Gage压力计Pressure Indicator压力指示器Pressure Line Filter压力管路过滤器Pressure Switch压力开关Pressure, absolute绝对压力Preventive Maintenance预防性维修Proactive Maintenance主动维修Process Oil工艺油Pump泵.Pumpability可泵性Pusher seal推动器密封QQuenching Oil淬火油Quick Disconnect Coupling速断耦合RR & O (Rust and Oxidation Inhibited)防锈和抗氧化Rate of Shear剪切速率Rated Flow 额定流量Rated Pressure额定压力Reducer异径接头Refining 精炼Refraction折射Refrigeration Compressor制冷压缩机Refrigerator Oil冷冻油Remaining Useful Life剩余可用寿命Rerefining再精炼Reservoir储液罐.Reservoir Filter油箱过滤器Residual Dirt Capacity残余污物容量Return Line回流管Return Line Filtration回流管过滤Rheology流变学Ring Lubrication油环润滑Ring Sticking环凝结Roller Bearing滚轴轴承Rolling Element Bearing滚动轴承Rolling Oil 轧辊油Roll-off Cleanliness清洁度衰减Rotary Seal旋转密封Rotating Equipment旋转设备Rotating Pressure Vessel Oxidation Test (RPVOT)旋转压力容易氧化试验Rust Inhibitor防锈剂Rotating shaft转轴Rust Prevention Test (turbine oils)防锈试验SSample Preparation样品准备Saponification Number皂化值r. Saturation Level饱和水平Scoring划痕Scuffing磨损Scuffing Particles磨损粒子Seal密封Seal Assembly密封组件Seal Chamber密封室Seal Face 密封面Seal Face Width密封面宽度Seal Swell (rubber swell)密封膨胀Sealed Motor Bearing密封电机轴承Semisolid半固态Servovalve伺服阀Settling Tank沉淀池Severe Sliding严重滑动Shear Rate剪切速率Shear Stress剪切应力Silt淤泥Silting残渣淤积Sintered Medium烧结金属Shear rate 剪切率Sleeve Bearing套筒轴承Sloughing Off脱落Sludge沉淀物Solid固体Solvency溶解力Solvent溶剂Solvent Extraction溶剂萃取Specific Gravity比重Spectrographic Analysis光谱分析Spindle Oil锭子油Spin-on Filter自旋过滤器Splash lubrication润滑飞溅Spur Gear正齿轮Static Friction静摩擦Static Seal静密封Stationary Seal固定密封Steam Turbine汽轮机Stick-slip Motion 粘滑运动Straight Mineral Oil纯矿物油Straight oil直馏油Strainer粗过滤器Suction Filter抽吸过滤器Sulfur硫磺Sulfurized Oil硫化油Surface Fatigue Wear表面疲劳磨损Surface Filter Media表面过滤介质Surface Filtration表面过滤Surface Tension表面张力Surfactant表面活性剂Surge突然升高Swarf切屑Synthetic Hydrocarbon合成碳水化合物Synthetic Lubricant合成润滑剂Synthetic Oils合成油System Pressure系统压力TThermal Conductivity热导率Thermal Stability热稳定性Thermography热象图Thin Film Lubrication薄膜润滑Thixotropy触变性Three-body Abrasion三体磨损Thrust Bearing推力轴承Tribology摩擦学Turbidity浑浊度Turbine Oil汽轮机油Turbulent Flow湍流Turbulent flow Sampler湍流采样器UUnbalanced Seal 不平衡密封Unloading卸载VVacuum Dehydration真空脱水Vacuum Distillation真空蒸馏Vacuum Pump真空泵Vacuum Separator真空分离器Valve阀门Valve Lifter阀门挺杆Vapor Pressure蒸汽压Variable Displacement Pump变量泵Varnish清漆Viscometer or Viscosimeter粘度计Viscosity粘度Viscosity Grade粘度等级Viscosity Index (VI)粘度指数Viscosity Index Improvers粘度指数增进剂Viscosity Modifier粘度改进剂Viscosity-temperature Relationship粘温关系Viscous粘的Volatility挥发性WWater-Glycol Fluid 水乙二醇流体Wear磨损Wear Debris磨屑Wear Inhibitor耐磨缓蚀剂Weld Point焊接点Work Penetration工作渗透Worm Gear蜗轮。
耐空蚀涂层及其研究进展
第51卷 第1期 表面技术2022年1月 SURFACE TECHNOLOGY ·1·收稿日期：2021-12-02；修订日期：2022-01-13 Received ：2021-12-02；Revised ：2022-01-13基金项目：国家自然科学基金（52031007，52001226，51971155）Fund ：Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (52031007, 52001226, 51971155) 作者简介：李雪寒（1997—），女，硕士研究生，主要研究方向为空泡腐蚀。
Biography ：LI Xue-han (1997—), Female, Postgraduate, Research focus: cavitation corrosion. 通讯作者：吴忠（1984—），男，博士，副教授，主要研究方向为金属腐蚀与防护。
Corresponding author ：WU Zhong (1984—), Male, Doctor, Associate professor, Research focus: metal corrosion and protection. 引文格式：李雪寒, 李家乐, 秦真波, 等. 耐空蚀涂层及其研究进展[J]. 表面技术, 2022, 51(1): 1-15.LI Xue-han, LI Jia-le, QIN Zhen-bo, et al. Research Progress of Cavitation Corrosion Resistant Coatings[J]. Surface Technology, 2022, 51(1): 耐空蚀涂层及其研究进展李雪寒，李家乐，秦真波，吴忠，胡文彬（天津大学 材料科学与工程学院 天津市材料复合与功能化重点实验室，天津 300350） 摘 要：螺旋桨、水轮机和水泵等过流部件在高速运转过程中会因空泡腐蚀而损坏，严重时会造成部件提前失效，引发安全事故。
专业英语
英语中工程专业词语Aanneal [ә΄ni:l] n.退火, 焖火, 锻炼, 磨练(意志) carbide n.碳化物, 硬质合金carburise vt. 渗碳category n 种类cavitation n气蚀cavity n. 空腔cement v. 烧结chamber n. 室腔chamfer n. , vt . 斜切，倒角，斜面chatter n. , vi. 振动，颤动，振动声chill v. 激冷chip n. 切屑，vt. 碎裂chisel n. 凿子，钻头横刃chloride n. 氯化物chuck n.卡盘；vt. 装卡，夹入卡盘中circularity n. 圆度，环装clamp vt. 夹紧；n.. 夹钳，夹紧装置clearance n. 间隙clockwise ad., a. 顺时针clogging n. 阻塞clutch n. 离合器coarse-pitch n. 大螺距coincide v. (点、面、轮廓等)相合，相重叠collar n. 套管，轴环collapse v. 破裂，崩裂，倒塌collector n. 集电极collet n. (弹性)夹头，（弹簧）夹筒collinear a. 共线的，同一直线的column n. 立柱，床身component n. 零件，构件，部件conceive v. 构思conceivable a. 想得到的，可能的concentrically ad. 同心，同轴concentricity n. 同心，同心度condition v. 使处于良好状态conformance n. 适应性，一致性confront vt. 面对，面临consequent a. 随之发生的，随后的consequently ad. 因此，所以，从而consistency n. 一致性，稳定consumable n. 自耗的，可消耗的contour n. 轮廓，v. 画轮廓contrive v. 发明，创造，设计conventional a. 惯用的，传统的convert v. 转变convension n. 转换，转变cope n. 上型箱，上砂箱coordinate n.坐标；a.坐标的，v. 调整counterbalance n. 平衡，平衡力counterbore vt. 锪柱坑孔countersink vt. 锪锥坑coupling n. 联轴器，连接器crank n. 曲柄，曲轴crater n. 弧坑，（焊接）火口criterion (pl. criteria)n. 标准，依据cushion n. 减振器，缓冲器cutting-fluid n. 润切液，切削液cuttings n. 切屑，钻粉cSt (centistokes) n. 池厘Ddeburr vt. 去毛刺decline v. 减少，衰减dedendum n. 齿根高deflect v. 弯曲，挠曲degradation n. 降低，降级deliberate a. 故意的deliver v. 提供，作出，传递delta n. 增量denote vt. 代表，表示deoxidation n. 脱氧derivation n. 由来，出处destructive n. 毁坏的，破坏的deviation n. 偏差，偏离diagrammatic a. 图示的，概略的diameter a.直径的，径向的die n. 模具die casting 压力铸造dielectric a. 不导电的，绝缘的digit n. 数字，位数dimensionless a. 无尺寸的，无量纲的diode n. 二极管discilpline n. 学科discrimination n.辩别率，鉴别力dissipate v. 消耗，损耗distortion n. 变形，扭曲dividing head n. 分度头dog n. 档块，档铁，止动器dovetail n. 燕尾，楔形榫，燕尾槽dowel n. 销钉，定位销，栓drag n. 下型箱，下砂箱draughtsman n. 起草者，制图员drawback n. 缺点drawbolt n. 牵引螺栓drawing n. 回火，拉深，图纸dress v. 修整ductility n. 塑性，延展性dull a. 钝的，不锋利的Eeccentrically ad. 偏心地，不同圆心地ECM (electro-chemicalmachining) 电解加工，电化学加工EDM（electricaldischarge machining）电火花加工ejector n. 顶出装置，推顶器electrode n. 焊条electrolyte n.电解液electro-plating n. 电镀eliminate vt. 取消，淘汰elongated a. 细长的embrittlement n. 脆，脆裂emerge v. 形成，显露出emission n. 发射，射出emitter n. 发射极engage v. 连接，啮合enrich vt. 增加，加浓entail vt. 必然，伴有，带来enunciate vt. 清楚确切地表明envelope n. 外层，包围层equiaxed a. 等轴的equivalent a.等效的；n.等效erode v. 侵蚀 ,腐蚀erosion n. 侵蚀 ,腐蚀evolve vi 发展，进化excess a. 过量的excessive a. 过度的exert vt. 施加expel vt. 驱逐，喷出extrude v. 挤出，挤压（成形），流出Ffatigue vt. , n. 疲劳f. c. c. (face-centredcubic) 面心立方晶格feasible a. 可行的，合理的feasibility n. 可行性feeder n. 直浇口，浇道feed-shaft n. 光杠female a. 内孔的，凹形的fender n. 档板，防护板ferrite n. 铁素体ferrous a. 铁的，含铁的file n. 锉刀filer n. 填充剂，填充物fin n. 周缘翅片，毛刺finish n. 光洁度finished a. 已精加工的fitness n. 适应性，适当flake n. 薄片flange n. 法兰，凸缘flank n. 齿腹，侧面，后刀面flash n. 毛边，溢料边flatness n. 平面度flexibility n. 适应性，灵活性，柔性flop vt. 倒下flowrate n. 流量fluctuating a. 波动的，变化fluctuation n. 变化，波动fluoride n. 氟化物flush a. 齐平的flute n. 凹槽，出屑槽flux n. 焊药，焊剂forging n. 锻造formate n. 格式，幅度formulate v. 按配方制造foundry n. 铸早厂，铸造车间fragile 脆的，易碎的friability n. 易碎性，自锐性friction n. 摩擦，摩擦力frictional a. 摩擦的front view 主视图，正视图full annealing 完全退火fusible a. 可熔的，易熔的fusion n. 熔化Ggage block n. 量块Gantt chart n. 施工进度表gate n.浇口，铸口，流道girder n. 桁架grinder n. 磨床grip vt. ,n. 夹紧，紧握groove n. 凹槽gutter n. 沟槽，出料槽Hhamper v. 阻碍，妨碍harden v. 使变硬，淬火hardenability n. 淬透性，淬硬性hardening n. 淬火hardness n. 硬度hardware n. 零件，附件，硬件harsh a. 粗糙的hearth n. 炉，炉床helical a. 螺旋形的helical gear 斜齿轮helix n. 螺旋线结构hermaphroditr n. 具有相反性质的herringbone a.人字形的herringbone gear 人字形齿轮hertz n. 赫兹hinge vt. 给……装铰链，铰链holder n. 保持器,夹持器homogeneous 均一的，单一的honing n. 珩磨hopper n. 砂斗，漏斗，装料斗hot-rolled a. 热轧的housing n. 轴承座hub n. 轮毂，中心hydraulic a. 液压的，水力的hypo-eutectoid n. ,a. 亚共析（的）hypoid a. 准双曲面的hypothetical a. 假想的，假定的Iidler n. 惰轮，惰I ．E (industrial engineer) 工业工程imaginary a. 假想的，想象的immerse vt. 浸入，没入immaterial a. 不重要的impact n. 爆发，冲击impedance n. 阻抗，电抗impetus n. 动力，原动力implementation n. 实现，执行过程implode n. 向内破裂，压破impression n. 模凹，模型型腔impulse n. 冲击，脉冲impurity n. 杂质，夹杂物incentive a. 激励的，刺激的inch v. 渐进，一点一点地前进incorporate v. 包括，合并incremental a. 递增的，逐渐增长的indentation n. 压痕，凹痕indenter n. 硬度试验压头index n. 系数，指数；v. 分度，换位indicator n. 指示器，计数器inefficiency n. 效率低inert a. 惰性的，不起化学作用的inexpensive a. 便宜的infeed n. 横向进磨infinite a. 无数的，无限的infinitely ad. 无级地ingot n. 金属锭ingredient n. 成分，配料inlet n. 入口，进口insufficient a. 不足的，不够的intake n. 进入口integer n. 整数integrate v. 使完整，汇集，使一体化intensive a. 充分的，深入细致的intermittent a. 间断的，间隙的intersect v. 相交intricate a. 错综复杂的invariably ad. 不变的，总是investment n. 熔模铸造，蜡模铸造involute n. , a.渐开线（的）Jjaw n. 卡爪jig n. 钻模，夹具joint n. 焊缝，接头joist n. 工字钢junction n. 节点,交会点,接合点Kkeyway n. 键槽knee n. （铣床的）升降台Lladle n. 铸勺，浇包；v. 舀lamellar a. 片层装的laminated a. 分层的lancing n. 切缝layout n. 图，布局，规划，编排lateral a. 横向的，侧向的leadscrew n. 丝杠，螺杆ledge n. 凸缘lever n. 手柄，操纵杆literature n. 文献localized (=localized)a. 局部的longitudinal a. 纵向的，轴向的long-run a. 长期的loop n. 环，环路，圈louver n. 通气孔，百叶窗luminous a. 光亮的，明亮的Mmachine tool 机床machinability n. 可切削性，切削加工性magnitude n. 大小，量main n. (常pl.)干线，总管，电力线maintainability n. 可保养性malleable 有延展性的, 可锻的mandrel n. 心轴manipulate v. 操纵，使用marine a. 航海的，海上的martensite n. 马氏体martensitic a. 马氏体的matrix n. 基体matter vi. 要紧，有重大关系的matter-of-course adj. 当然的, 无疑的matter of course n. 必然发生之事matter-of-fact adj. 实质的, 事务性的, 平常的matter of fact n. [律]事实问题, 事实mattery adj. 化脓的, 有脓的, 流脓的mesh v. 啮合metrologist n. 计量师microfacture n. 显微断裂micrometer n. 千分尺，千分卡mild a. 低碳的，软的mill n. 轧（钢）机milling n. 铣削milling machine 铣床milling cutter 铣刀minimal a. 最小的，最低的minimize vt. 使减至最小minus a. 负的；n. 负号，负量misalignment n. 不对准，不同轴moderate 适度的，中等的Monel metal 高强度耐蚀镍铜合金Morse taper 莫氏锥度movable a. 可移动的multidiameter n. 多径NN / C (numericalcontrol) 数字控制neoprene n. 氯丁橡胶network n. 电路，网络nitride v. 渗氮； n. 氮化物nodular a. 球状的nomenclature n. 术语，专门术语non-circular a. 非圆形的nonconductor n. 非导体，绝缘体nondriving a. 非驱动的，非主动的nonintersecting a. 不相交的nonmachinable a. 不可切削的normalise vt. 正火，常化nose n. 管口，端部，刀尖notation n. 符号，标识notch n. 切口，V形切痕槽notching n. 冲口，开缺口Oobjectionable a. 不能采用的，不合适的oblique a. 斜交的，倾斜的obstruction n. 阻碍，障碍物off-centre 偏心off-load vt. 卸荷offshore a. 近海的open hearth 平炉oriented a. 定向的，着重的orifice n. 节流的，小孔origin n. 坐标原点outweight v. 重于，胜过，比……重要oven n. 烘烤炉，烘箱overall a. 全部的，总的overarm n. 悬梁overlap v. 重叠，相交，（部分）一致Pparallel a. 平行的,并联的pearlite n. 珠光体pellet n.颗粒，粉末，丸penetration n. 锥入程度，渗透，焊接熔深perforating n. 穿孔permeability n. 透气性perpendicular a. 垂直的perpendicularity n. 垂直度personnel n. 人员，全体人员phenolice n. 酚醛塑料piercing n. 戳穿pinion n. 小齿轮piston n. 活塞，柱塞，插棒pitch n. 齿节，螺距polarity n. 多孔性，孔隙preceding a. 前面的predominant a. 支配的，占优势的prefix n. 词首，前缀pre-form n. 预成形，制呸pre-exist v. 先于……而存在prematurely ad. 过早地press n. 压力机，冲床，压床pressing n. 冲压件probability n. 可能性，概率productivity n. 生产率profile n. 轮廓progressively ad. 逐渐地prolong v. 延长propane n. 丙烷provision n. 设备，装置psi ( pounds per square inch ) 磅/平方英寸pulley n. 滑轮，带轮punch n. 冲头，凸模punching n. 冲孔，穿孔，冲制Qquench v. 淬火，急冷quill n. 活动套筒，钻轴Rrace n. 圈，环，滚动轴承的座圈rack n. 齿条rake n. 刀具的前倾面rake angle ( 刀具的 )前角ram vt. 夯randomly ad. 无规律，随机地rating n. 额定能力，额定容量razor n. 剃刀ream v. 铰孔reamer n. 铰刀recess n. 凹腔；v. 开凹槽reciprocation n. 往复运到rectification n. 整流，检波rectify vt. 消除，改正redirection n. 改变方向，改道reduce v. 还原reference n. 基准，起点位置register n. 定位（销），对正relief n. 刀具的后角reposition vt. 改变……的位置resilience n. 回弹，跳回resin n. 树脂，松香resizing n. 恢复到应有尺寸，尺寸再生restrain v. 限制，抑制，阻止restriction n. 节流restrictor n. 节流阀reversal n. 变换，颠倒，改变符号ribbed a. 用肋状物支撑的right angle 直角right-hand a. 右旋的rigid a. 刚性的，刚硬的rigidity n. 刚度，刚性rim n. 边缘rimming steel 沸腾钢riser n. 冒口rivet n. 铆钉Rockwell test 洛氏硬度实验rotary a. 转动的rotor n. 转子route v. 确定路线，按规定路线发送routine a. 日常的，常规的rule-of-thumb n. 经验方法runner n. 内浇口，横浇口，横浇道rupture v., n. 断裂Ssaddle n. (大)拖板，床鞍sandpaper n. (金刚)砂纸sandwich vt. 夹在当中saucepan n. 深金属锅scatter v., n. 分散，驱散schematic a. 图示的，示意的schematically ad. 图示的，示意的score v. 刻划scrap n. 边角料，废料，废品scriber n. 划针，划线器servo n. 伺服机构，伺服马达servomechanism n. 伺服机构，伺服系统setup n. 按排，方案setscrew n. 定位螺钉，调整螺钉severity n. 难度，艰难shaft n. 轴shank n. 柄shank n. 牛头刨床shaving n. 修边，整修shave v. 剃, 刮, 削刮；刮脸shear n. 剪切shrinkage n. 收缩，缩减simultaneously ad. 同时地sinusoidal a. 正弦的slab n. 平板slack n. 松弛（部分），空隙slag n. 熔渣，炉渣sleeve n. 套筒slitting n. 切口slope n. 斜率，斜角slot n. 槽slurry n. 砂浆smith n. 锻工，铁匠snag vt. 粗磨soaking n. 均热，加热，保温socket n. 孔solder v. 纤焊，软钎焊；n. 钎料sold solution 固溶体soluble a. 可溶的solvent n. 溶剂sophisticated a. 复杂的specification n. 规定，技术说明specimen n. 试件，试样，样品speculative a. 思索的，推测的spindle n. 主轴，心轴，汽车转向节spiral a., n. 螺旋线(的)spline n. 花键，方栓springy a. 有弹性的spur n. 齿，突出物spur gear 直齿圆柱体齿轮sprinkle v. 撒，洒sprocket n. 链轮square v. 弄成直角，使垂直squareness v. 垂直度stainless steel 不锈钢stall v. 停车，停住，发生故障stamp vt. 冲压成形，模压stator n. 定子steepness n. 斜度，陡峭度step-down a. 降低的，降压的stock n. 坯料stock-size n. 标准尺寸straddle a. 跨式的straightedge n. 直尺，标尺straightness n. 直线度strain n. 应变stress n. 应力；vt. 使受力strike (struck, struck 或stricken) v. 起弧，触发（电弧）strip n. 带材，钢带stroke n. 行程，冲程subcircuit n. 支路subdivide v. 再划分subjective a. 主观的submerge v. 沉没，浸没subsequent a. 后来的，接着发生的successively ad. 陆续，依次suction n. 吸，吸力superhard a. 超硬的supplement vt. 补充，补加supply n. 电源swarf n. 切屑，细铁屑symmetry n. 对称，匀称，对称度synchro n. 同步机，同步Ttailstock n. 尾架，尾座tang n. 柄舌，扁尾tangent a. 相切的tap vt. 在……内攻出螺纹；n. 丝锥taper n. 锥度，圆锥，锥体；v. 弄成锥形taut a. 拉紧的，绷紧的TDC （top dead center）上死点tedious a. 冗长的，乏味的telescopic a. 伸缩的，套迭的teflon n. 聚四氟乙烯temper v. 回火template n. 样板，模板tenacious a. 粘着力强的tensile a. 拉伸的tension n. 拉伸，绷紧tentatively ad. 临时地，暂定的terminal n. 端，接线端terminology n. 专门名词，术语theoretical a. 理论的thread n. 螺纹timeliness n. 时间性toolbit n. 刀头，刀具toolholder n. 刀夹，刀杆tool-post n. 刀架，刀座topographical a. 地形的，图形的torsional a. 扭转的torsionally ad. 扭转地toughen v. 韧化，使坚韧toughness n. 韧性tracer n. 仿形器，追踪装置transducer n. 传感器transformer n. 变压器，变换器transverse a. 横向的traverse a. 横向的，横动的；n. 移动，横动triangular a. 三角形的trigger n. 触发器，起动器，扳机trimming n. 切边，冲边tungsten n. 钨（W）turn v. 车削turret n. 转塔twist drill 麻花钻头tyre n. 轮箍Uultimate a. 极限的，最终的unattended a. 无人看管的，自动的undercut (undercut，undercut) v. 切槽，切去下部undergo ( underwentundergone ) vt. 经历，经受underlie ( underlayunderlain )为……打下基础unessential a. 不重要的，非本质的unilateral a. 单向的unstable a. 不稳定的unwind ( unwound ，unwound ) v. 展开，解开upstream a. 上游的utility n. 公共事业Vvee n. , a. V形（的）venting n. 通气，排气，扎通气孔verify v. 验证，证明verification n. 证明，证据versatility n. 通用性，多功能性version n. 形式，变形，变体via prep. 经过，经由，通过vigorous a. 活泼的viscosity n. 粘度，粘性visualize v. 看见，目测，想向力vitally ad. 非常，生死攸关地,Wwarping n. 翘曲，弯曲wastage n. 浪费，损失，损耗web n. 钻心weldability n. 可焊性，焊接性welding rod 焊条wheelhead n. 砂轮架whereby ad. 由此，从而，利用的withstand (withstood ，withstood) v. 抵抗，经受住worm n. 蜗杆worm gear 蜗轮wrench 扳手Aa length of time 一段时间a succession of 连续的，一系列的all but 除……之外全部allow for 考虑到，顾及arise from 由于……而产生as a whole 整个地as oppdsed to 与……不同，与……相对立(be) associated with与……有关attempt to (+inf) 试图，企图as viewed from从……角度观察Bbe confronted with 面临着be derived from从……中推出，取自be governed by 取决于，由……决定by virtue of 由于，因为，凭借Ccater for 迎合，为……提供必要条件come in contact with与……接触corresponding to与……相同，与……相当corresponding with与……相当D(be) designed with 设计成draw upon 动用，利用，凭借Eevolve from 从……进化而来，从……演变而来expel … from …把……从……中逐出去Ffall into 分为(be) flush with与……齐平，与……一样高fly round 飞转，飞速转动for the purpose of 为了，以便freedom from 免于Hhold true 有效，适用直径diameter尺寸dimensionin a manner 在某种意义上，有点in practice 实际上in term of 依据，根据in the event of 万一，即使in the first place 首先in this respect 在这一方面，在这点上Llay down 规定lay out 布局，定位，划线Mmake up 占领，构成N(be) normal to 垂直于Ooff the shelf 畅销的，流行的，现用的one……or another 这样那样的，各种各样的other than 而不是out of truth 安装的不准确Pparallel to 与……平行(be) perpendicular to 垂直于，与……相垂直prior to 在……之前Rrange from … to 分布在……范围内restrict … to …把……局限在……范围内result in 导致round off 弄圆，使成圆形Sserve to (+inf) 用来……，起……作用，足以(be) subject to 服从于TTo some extent 在某种程度上Uupon occation 有时，间或VVice versa 反过来（也是这样）WWith regard to = withrepect to 在……方面，就……而论，相对于。
双尺度WC-CoCr涂层的组织结构分析
双尺度WC-CoCr涂层的组织结构分析罗虞霞;高峰;王大锋【摘要】微纳米复合结构的碳化钨涂层的性能引人关注.以纳米碳化钨(≤200nm)、亚微米碳化钨(0.8μm)和微米碳化钨(2μm)为原料,制备了两种双尺度的微纳米复合结构碳化钨喷涂粉末,采用超音速火焰喷涂工艺制备了相应的涂层.利用扫描电镜、能量色散X射线光谱仪和透射电镜对涂层的物相结构进行了分析.结果表明,纳米微米复合粉涂层中的碳化钨保留率为96.7％;纳米亚微米复合粉末制备的涂层碳化钨保留率为92.5％.两种涂层中,W2C均分布在WC附近,大颗粒WC颗粒仍保持原来的尖角形,小尺度WC颗粒部分呈圆角形,纳米-亚微米涂层中Co3W3C相分散于WC与非晶相之间.【期刊名称】《热喷涂技术》【年(卷),期】2018(010)003【总页数】6页(P33-37,9)【关键词】碳化钨;微纳米复合结构;超音速火焰喷涂【作者】罗虞霞;高峰;王大锋【作者单位】北京矿冶科技集团有限公司,北京100160;北京市工业部件表面强化与修复工程技术研究中心,北京102206;特种涂层材料与技术北京市重点实验室,北京102206;北京矿冶科技集团有限公司,北京100160;北京市工业部件表面强化与修复工程技术研究中心,北京102206;特种涂层材料与技术北京市重点实验室,北京102206;中国兵器科学研究院宁波分院焊接与再制造技术研究室,浙江宁波315103;北京科技大学,北京100083【正文语种】中文【中图分类】TG174.40 引言热喷涂WC-CoCr涂层具有优异的耐磨耐蚀性能，广泛地应用于冶金、石油化工、航空航天等领域[1，2]。
WC-CoCr涂层的力学性能取决于涂层的物相结构、粒子间的结合情况等显微组织结构。
研究表明，在一定喷涂工艺范围内，碳化钨颗粒的尺寸是影响涂层性能的主要因素[3]。
不同研究者制备的纳米碳化钨性能差异较大[4-7]。
因此纳米碳化钨的使用并不广泛，而微纳米复合结构的碳化钨性能较优，并获得了较多的应用。
水射流术语
水射流常用术语词汇表AAbrasion 磨耗，磨损Abrasive 磨料Abrasive jet 磨料射流Abrasive nozzle 磨料喷嘴Abrasive particle 磨料颗粒Abrasive suspension jet 磨料浆体射流Advanced ceramics 高级陶瓷Air jet 空气射流Autoclave 蒸压器，高压釜BBack thrust 后推力，后座力Blasting 喷射Borehole 扩孔，孔眼Breaking 破裂，碎裂Brinell hardness 布式硬度Brittle material 脆性材料Bur 毛刺，鳞片CCannon 炮，短粗管Carbon dioxide 二氧化碳Cavitation 空化Cavitation erosion 空蚀，汽蚀Cavitating jet 空化射流Centrifugal pump 离心泵Chemical erosion 化学冲蚀Check valve 单向阀Chipping 碎片，碎屑Cleaning 清洗，清净CMC 羧甲基纤维素Coal mining 采煤，采矿Coating removal 涂层清除Composite 复合物，复合材料Compressive strength 抗压强度Concrete 混凝石，混凝土Continuous jet 连续射流Contraction 收缩Control valve 控制阀Culmination 顶点，极点Cut 切割，切削Cutting 切割，切屑DDeburring 去毛刺，除鳞Decommissioning 拆除Decontamination 净化，清除Descaling 除垢，除锈Discharge 排出，排量Discharge coefficient 流量系数Dismantling 拆卸，拆除Disposal 处理，废弃Drilling 钻进，钻孔Droplet impact 液滴冲击Ductile material 塑(韧)性材料Dump valve 卸荷阀，切断阀Dwell time 停滞时间Dynamic pressure 动压力EEDM machining 电火花加工Elasto-plastic method 弹塑性方法Electro-chemical cutting 电化学切割Erosion 冲蚀，腐蚀Erosion rate 冲蚀速度Erosion resistance 冲蚀阻力Erosion volume 冲蚀体积Excavation 挖掘，开凿Exit diameter 出口直径Exposure time 冲击时间Extrusion 冲击FFeed pipe 供给管，来流管Feeding rate 进给速度Flexible hose 柔性管，软管Flow 流动Flow modulation 流动调制Flow rate 流量，排量Fluid jet 流体射流Foot gun 脚踏枪Foot valve 脚踏阀Free jet 自由射流GGarnet 石榴石，拓榴石Gas jet 气体射流Gate valve 滑阀，闸阀Granite 花岗石HHalf-initial pressure 半衰压力Hand gun 手持枪Hardness 硬度High pressure water jet 高压水射流Hose 软管，胶管Hydraulic mining 水力开采Hydraulic power 水功率IImpact angle 冲击角Impact pressure 冲击压力Impinging jet 冲击射流Industrial cleaning 工业清洗Injection 喷射，注射Inlet angle 入口角度Intensifier 增压器Interrupted jet 间断射流JJet 射流，喷射Jet cleaning 射流清洗Jet cutting 射流切割Jet machining 射流加工Jet milling 射流研磨Jet nozzle 射流喷嘴Jet pump 射流泵Jet thrust 射流推力Jetting 喷射，射流Jet turning 射流车削Jet velocity 射流速度KKerf 切割，切缝Kerf depth 切槽深度Kerf width 切槽宽度Kerf volume 切口体积LLaminar flow 层流Lance 喷枪，喷管Lbs = pounds 磅Lift valve 升阀Limestone 石灰石MMachinability 加工性Marble 大理石Mesh 网，筛，目Microcrack 微裂隙，微裂缝Micro-flaking 微剥落Microjet 微射流Mixing chamber 混合腔Mixing tube 混合管，混砂管Mud 泥浆Multi-phase jet 多相射流NNeedle valve 针型阀Newtonian fluid 牛顿液体Non-Newtonian fluid 非牛顿液体Nozzle exit 喷嘴出口Nozzle geometry 喷嘴形状Nozzle shape 喷嘴形状Nozzle structure 喷嘴结构OOn-off valve 开关阀，启闭阀Orifice 孔口，孔板Oscillation 振荡，振动Organ-pipe 风琴管PPAM (polyarylamide) 聚丙烯酰胺Peeling 剥离Penetration 穿透，钻进Percussive 振动Piston pump 活塞泵Plunger pump 柱塞泵Poiseuille flow 波松流动Polymer 聚合物Pore water 孔隙水Pore water pressure 孔隙压力Positive displacement pump 排液泵，变容泵Potential core 等速核Pressure fluctuation 压力振动Pressure gauge 压力计，压力表Pressure intensifier 增压器Pressure pulsation 压力脉动Pressure vessel 压力容器Pulsed jet 脉冲射流RRelief valve 卸荷阀，安全阀Removal 清除，去除Resonating 谐振，共振Rock pressure 岩石压力Rotary head 旋转头Rotary nozzle 旋转喷嘴Rotating jet 旋转射流SSafety valve 安全阀Sand pump 砂泵Sand stone 砂岩Sapphire 蓝宝石Scale 尺度，垢Self-excited 自激，自激励Self-resonating 自振，自谐振Shear layer 剪切层Shear zone 剪切区Shut-off valve 截流阀，关闭阀Silicon carbide 碳化硅Silicon dioxide 二氧化硅Single phase jet 单相射流Sluice 冲洗Slurry 泥浆，浆液Specific kerf energy 切割比能Splattering 溅水，飞溅Stagnation pressure 滞止压力Standoff distance 喷距Steady jet 稳定射流Submerged jet 淹没射流Surface finish 表面光洁度Surface roughness 表面粗糙度Surface waveness 表面波度Surge pressure 激动压力Swelling 膨胀，增大Swirling jet 旋转射流TTraverse rate 移动速率Traverse speed 移动速度Tungsten carbide 碳化钨Turbulent flow 紊流UUnloading valve 卸荷阀Unsteady jet 不稳定射流VValve 阀，阀门Velocity coefficient 流速系数Venturi tube 文丘里管Vickers hardness 维式硬度Viscosity 粘度WWall jet 壁面射流Water blasting 水力喷射Water jet 水射流Water hammer 水锤，水击Water-only jet 水射流Water permeability 透水性Wear 磨损Well boring 钻孔，扩孔Workpiece 工件，试件。
牙骨质小体英语
牙骨质小体英语The Enamel Microstructure: Exploring the Intricate World of Dental EnamelThe human dentition is a remarkable feat of natural engineering, with each tooth meticulously designed to perform a specific function. At the heart of this complex system lies the enamel, a highly specialized and durable tissue that forms the outermost layer of the tooth. Enamel is a remarkable substance, possessing a unique microstructure that is both aesthetically pleasing and functionally superior.Enamel is composed of a complex arrangement of microscopic structures known as enamel prisms or enamel rods. These prisms are the fundamental building blocks of the enamel, and their intricate pattern and organization are the key to understanding the remarkable properties of this material. Enamel prisms are composed of tightly packed hydroxyapatite crystals, which are the primary mineral component of enamel.The arrangement of these enamel prisms is a marvel of natural engineering. Each prism is approximately 5 micrometers in diameterand runs the entire length of the enamel, from the dentin-enamel junction to the outer surface of the tooth. The prisms are organized in a highly structured and complex pattern, with each prism running a slightly different course and orientation compared to its neighbors.This unique arrangement of enamel prisms is what gives enamel its remarkable strength and resilience. The interlocking pattern of the prisms allows the enamel to withstand the immense forces and stresses that are exerted on the teeth during chewing and biting. The prisms are also arranged in a way that allows the enamel to flex and deform slightly under pressure, without compromising its structural integrity.In addition to its impressive strength, enamel is also highly resistant to wear and erosion. This is due in part to the high mineral content of the enamel, which is composed of approximately 96% hydroxyapatite crystals. The tightly packed and highly organized structure of the enamel prisms also contributes to its resistance to wear and erosion.Despite its remarkable properties, enamel is not indestructible. Over time, the enamel can become worn down or eroded, leading to the exposure of the underlying dentin and the development of dental caries or cavities. This is why it is so important to maintain good oral hygiene and to regularly visit a dentist for professional cleanings andexaminations.One of the fascinating aspects of enamel is the way in which it develops and matures over time. Enamel is formed during the early stages of tooth development, when specialized cells called ameloblasts secrete the organic matrix that will eventually become the enamel. As the tooth erupts into the mouth, the enamel continues to mature and harden, becoming increasingly resistant to wear and erosion.The process of enamel maturation is a complex and intricate one, involving a series of chemical and physical changes that occur within the enamel prisms. As the enamel matures, the hydroxyapatite crystals become more densely packed and organized, and the organic matrix within the prisms is gradually replaced by mineral content.This process of enamel maturation is not only fascinating from a scientific perspective, but it also has important implications for dental health and treatment. Understanding the structure and development of enamel can help dentists and researchers develop more effective strategies for preventing and treating dental problems, such as tooth decay and erosion.In conclusion, the enamel microstructure is a remarkable andcomplex feature of the human dentition. The intricate arrangement of enamel prisms and the high mineral content of this tissue give it remarkable strength, durability, and resistance to wear and erosion. Understanding the structure and development of enamel is crucial for maintaining good oral health and for developing new and innovative dental treatments. As we continue to explore the fascinating world of dental enamel, we can only imagine the many new discoveries and advancements that lie ahead.。
关于微雕技术的作文英语
关于微雕技术的作文英语As a relatively new technique in the field of cosmetic surgery, micro-sculpting has gained increasing popularityin recent years. Micro-sculpting refers to the use of minimally invasive procedures to enhance one's facial features, such as the nose, chin, and cheeks. Thistechnique has been widely adopted by celebrities andordinary people alike, as it offers a more natural andsubtle way to improve one's appearance.Micro-sculpting is a highly precise and intricate procedure, requiring the use of specialized tools and equipment. The surgeon uses a small needle to injectfillers into the targeted areas, which can be made of hyaluronic acid, calcium hydroxyapatite, or other materials. These fillers are carefully chosen and customized to suit the patient's individual needs and preferences, ensuring a natural and harmonious look.One of the major advantages of micro-sculpting is itsminimally invasive nature. Unlike traditional plastic surgery, which often involves cutting and suturing, micro-sculpting requires only small incisions or injections. This means that there is less pain, swelling, and scarring, and a shorter recovery time. Patients can usually return to their normal activities within a few days, without any major disruptions to their daily lives.Another benefit of micro-sculpting is its versatility. It can be used to correct a wide range of facial imperfections, from asymmetrical features to wrinkles and sagging skin. The fillers used in micro-sculpting can also be adjusted over time, allowing the patient to fine-tune their appearance as needed. This makes micro-sculpting a highly customizable and personalized procedure, tailored to the patient's unique goals and desires.Despite its many benefits, micro-sculpting is not without its risks and limitations. As with any medical procedure, there is always a risk of complications, such as infection, bleeding, or allergic reactions. Patients should also be aware that the effects of micro-sculpting are notpermanent, and may require touch-ups or repeat treatments over time. It is important to discuss these risks and limitations with a qualified and experienced surgeon before undergoing micro-sculpting.In conclusion, micro-sculpting is a promising and innovative technique in the field of cosmetic surgery. Its minimally invasive nature, versatility, and customization make it an attractive option for those seeking to enhance their facial features. However, patients should approach micro-sculpting with caution and careful consideration, and choose a qualified and experienced surgeon to ensure the best possible results.。
摩擦磨损润滑术语-磨损类
摩擦磨损润滑术语-－磨损类(1) 磨损(Wear)物体表面相对运动时工作表面物质不断损失或产生残余变形。
磨损过程主要因对偶表面间的机械、化学与热作用而发生。
(2) 粘附磨损(Adhesive Wear)作相对运动的两接触表面由于分子间的吸引力作用而产生固相局部焊合或粘附连接，致使材料从一表面转移至另一表面所引起的磨损，又称粘着磨损。
(3) 磨料磨损(Abrasive Wear)作相对运动的两接触表面由硬质颗粒或较硬表面上的微凸起体在摩擦过程中的“微犁削”、“微切削”与“微开裂”综合作用而引起的表面擦伤与表面材料脱落或分离出磨屑来。
(4) 疲劳磨损(Fatigue Wear)相互作滚动或滚动兼滑动的两接触表面，在交变接触应力重复作用下，由于表层材料疲劳，产生微观裂缝并分离出磨粒或碎片而剥落，形成凹坑而引起的磨损。
又称点蚀 (Pitting) 。
(5) 腐蚀磨损(Corrosive Wear)金属表面在摩擦过程中与周围介质在化学与电化学反应作用下产生的磨损过程。
(6) 微动磨损(Fretting)两接触表面作微振幅重复摆动所引起的磨损。
微动磨损是一种微动疲劳与微动腐蚀并存的复合式磨损。
(7) 轻微磨损(Mild Wear)磨屑非常细小的磨损。
有时用来表示弹性接触下的磨损。
(8) 严重磨损(Severe Wear)磨屑为较大的碎片或颗粒的磨损。
有时用来表示已达到塑性接触下的磨损。
(9) 正常磨损(Normal Wear)设计允许范围内的磨损。
(10) 材料转移(Pick-up or Transfer)由于在滑动或滚动界面的强粘附力而使材料由一表面转移到另一表面上的现象。
(11) 涂抹(Smearing)摩擦副一表面上的材料发生转移，并以薄层重新涂敷到一或两表面上。
(12) 擦伤 (Scratching)由摩擦表面局部固相“焊合”或磨料磨损而引起沿滑动方向形成的微小擦痕或“犁痕”。
(13) 刮伤(Scoring)与“擦伤”相同原因形成的严重擦痕，又称划伤。
模仿核州记写一篇微雕作文
模仿核州记写一篇微雕作文英文回答：A Microscopic Masterpiece: The Intricate Art of Microtechnology.Microtechnology, the art of creating intricate structures on a minuscule scale, is a testament to human ingenuity and the advancement of science. This cutting-edge technology has opened up countless possibilities in diverse fields, from medicine and biotechnology to microelectronics and manufacturing.The humble origins of microtechnology can be traced back to the early 20th century. It was not until the invention of the scanning tunneling microscope in 1981, however, that scientists gained the ability to manipulate and visualize matter at the atomic level. This breakthrough paved the way for the development of advanced lithography techniques, enabling the precise fabrication of microscopicstructures.Today, microtechnology encompasses a wide range of processes, including photolithography, electron beam lithography, and focused ion beam milling. These techniques allow engineers to create structures with feature sizes ranging from nanometers to micrometers. The applications of microtechnology are vast and ever-expanding.In the medical realm, microtechnology hasrevolutionized diagnostics and treatment. Microneedles, for example, provide a minimally invasive method for drug delivery and blood testing. Microfluidic devices enable precise control of fluids, making them ideal for DNA sequencing and cell analysis. Microrobots, controlled by external magnetic fields or light, offer promising avenues for targeted drug delivery and minimally invasive surgery.Microtechnology is also transforming the field of microelectronics. Microchips, essential for countless electronic devices, are becoming increasingly smaller and more powerful thanks to microtechnology. Microwires andmicrobatteries enable new possibilities for flexible electronics and wearable devices.In the manufacturing sector, microtechnology is enabling the creation of high-precision components and devices. Micromachined sensors, for instance, improve performance and reliability in aerospace and automotive applications. Micromolds and microfabrication techniques facilitate the mass production of micro-optical components, revolutionizing the telecommunications industry.The possibilities offered by microtechnology are limitless. As scientists continue to push the boundaries of this technology, we can expect even more transformative applications in healthcare, electronics, manufacturing, and other industries.中文回答：微观杰作，微加工技术的精妙艺术。
描写微雕技术的作文600字
描写微雕技术的作文600字英文回答：Micro-carving, known as microengraving or micro-etching, is an art form that involves engraving intricate designs or images onto extremely small surfaces, typically using specialized tools such as magnifying glasses, scalpels, and lasers. The resulting works of micro-carving are often breathtakingly detailed and intricate, showcasing the skill and precision of the artist.The history of micro-carving can be traced back to ancient times, with early examples found in prehistoriccave paintings and artifacts. However, it was during the Renaissance period in Europe that micro-carving truly flourished, as skilled artisans used magnifying glasses to create intricate engravings on jewelry, watches, and other small objects.Today, micro-carving continues to captivate artists andcollectors alike, with contemporary practitioners pushing the boundaries of the art form through innovative techniques and materials. Modern micro-carving often utilizes advanced technologies such as laser engraving and nano-machining, allowing artists to create designs with unprecedented detail and precision.Micro-carving has found applications in a wide range of fields, including art, jewelry making, watchmaking, and medical technology. In art, micro-carved sculptures and engravings are highly prized for their intricate beauty and craftsmanship. In jewelry making, micro-carving is used to create intricate designs and textures on rings, pendants, and other pieces. In watchmaking, micro-carving is employed to engrave intricate patterns on watch faces and movements. In medical technology, micro-carving techniques are used to create precision components for surgical instruments and implants.中文回答：微雕，又称微刻或微蚀刻，是一种在极小的表面上雕刻精细图案或图像的艺术形式，通常使用放大镜、手术刀和激光等专门工具。
铸造单词 英汉对照
单词1 振动：vibration2 计算机：computer3 复合材料：composite4 裂纹：crack5 超声波：ultrasonic6 精度：precision7 模块：module8 膨润土：bentonite9 失效：failure10 石墨：graphite11 产品：Product12 滤波：filtering13 组织：structure14 孔隙率：porosity15 时效：aging16 模具：mould17 活塞：piston18 碳化物：carbide19 超声：Ultrasonic20 磨损：abrasion21 半固态：semi-solid22 合金化：alloying23 粘结剂：binder24 铸造：casting25 热处理：heat-treatment26 碳：carbon27 间隙：Clearance28 偏析：segregation29 加热：heating30 锆：Zirconium31 变质处理：modification32 侵蚀：Erosion33 轧辊：roll34 可视化：visual35 模拟仿真：Simulation36 回火：tempering37 减速器：reducer38 总结：summary39 变质：Modification40 螺杆：screw41 夹杂物：inclusions42 夹杂：inclusion 43 拉拔：drawing44 黄铜：brass45 均匀化：homogenization46 仪表：instrument47 珠光体：pearlite48 凸轮轴：camshaft49 形核：nucleation50 累托石：rectorite51 铸件：casting52 棒材：bar53 刚玉：Corundum54 电弧炉：EAF55 多孔：Porous56 细化：refinement57 熔体：melt58 矿化剂：mineralizer59 基体：matrix60 熔炼：smelting61 变态：metamorphosis62 吸湿性：hygroscopicity63 防止：prevention64 伸长率：elongation65 氮化：nitridation66 三乙胺：triethylamine67 镦粗：upsetting68 有机膨润土：organobentonite69 浮力：buoyancy70 冲天炉：cupola71 冲蚀：erosion72 ICP-AES法：ICP-AES73 烘干：drying74 触变成形：thixoforming75 等温淬火：austempering76 外观：appearance77 锡：Sn78 模数：modulus79 铋：Bi80 国产化：nationalization81 熔剂：flux82 浇口：gate83 氧化钇：yttria84 排气：exhaust85 滑块：slide86 球化：spheroidization87 轮毂：hub88 大修：overhaul89 重熔：remelting90 粘接剂：adhesive91 钬：holmium92 系列化：Serialization93 溃散性：Collapsibility94 平稳性：Stability95 漏水：leakage96 型芯：core97 凝固：coagulation98 弯月面：meniscus99 镱：ytterbium100 炉缸：Hearth101 锤头：hammer102 遗传性：heredity103 μC/OS-Ⅱ：μC/OS-II104 齿条：rack105 针孔：pinhole106 气孔：pore107 空化效应：cavitation108 水口：nozzle109 铸锭：ingot110 Pro/E：Pro/Engineer111 孕育：inoculation112 除气：degassing113 细化剂：refiner114 二次加热：reheating115 摇枕：Bolster116 过冷：Undercooling117 致密度：densification118 带材：strip119 链轮：sprocket120 钪：Sc121 通用化：generalization122 弹丸：projectiles123 正火：normalization124 纯净度：purity125 浇铸：casting126 成材率：yield127 As：arsenic128 桨叶：blade129 脆化：embrittlement 130 Cr：Chromium131 Ca：calcium132 过共晶：hypereutectic 133 微成形：microforming 134 冰冻：freezing135 首饰：jewelry136 出品率：yield137 双螺杆：twin-screw 138 浇注料：Castables139 壁厚：thickness140 空化作用：cavitation 141 托辊：idler142 北仑：Beilun143 浇注：pouring144 搅拌桨：impeller145 长大：growth146 疏松：porosity147 润滑性：lubrication 148 变质剂：Modifier149 原位自生：in-situ150 补缩：Feeding151 法兰盘：Flange152 立体仓库：AS/RS153 热应力：thermal-stress 154 洁净度：cleanness 155 挥发：evaporation156 拔长：stretching157 孕育剂：inoculant158 辊筒：roller159 性能特点：performance 160 脱模：demoulding161 过热：superheat162 镁砂：Magnesia163 烘烤：bake164 重新设计：redesign 165 湿润性：wettability 166 斜楔：wedge167 收得率：yield168 夹渣：slag169 Zr：zirconium 170 后置处理：Post-process171 辊子：roller172 摇臂：rocker173 中频：mid-frequency174 皮带轮：pulley175 包埋料：Investment176 加压：pressurization177 爬行：creeping178 压力铸造：die-casting179 炉料：burden180 立柱：Pillar181 切削加工性能：machinability182 起泡：blistering183 球化率：nodularity184 冷芯盒：cold-box185 产生原因：causation186 水-乙二醇：water-glycol187 钙处理：Ca-treatment188 组织特征：microstructure189 脱锌腐蚀：dezincification190 覆层：cladding191 球化处理：spheroidization192 冒口：Feeder193 触变铸造：thixocasting194 犁铧：Plowshare195 细化处理：refinement196 Bi：Bismuth197 袋式除尘器：baghouse198 耐火砖：firebrick199 牌号：grade200 静置：standing201 熔沟：Channel202 华铸CAE：InteCAST203 熔制：melting204 挖泥船：Dredge205 可再生性：renewability206 铁水包：Ladle207 铍青铜：beryllium-bronze208 双金属：bimetallic209 激光选区烧结：SLS210 石英砂：sand211 锆英砂：zircon212 致密性：density213 铝青铜：Al-bronze214 等温淬火球墨铸铁：ADI215 可伸缩：extensible216 白口：chill217 非枝晶：non-dendrite218 孕育处理：modification219 V法造型：V-process220 可锻性：forgeability221 铸机：caster222 低合金：low-alloy223 托轮：roller224 表观粘度：viscosity225 抽真空：vacuumizing226 流变成形：Rheo-forming227 Sb：stibium228 等径道角挤压：ECAE229 铸坯：bloom230 伪半固态：pseudo-semi-solid231 Nd：neodymium232 蚀损：erosion233 附加物：Additives234 起始：initiation235 触变挤压：thixo-extrusion236 预处理工艺：pre-treatment237 流变压铸：rheocasting238 搅拌铸造：stir-casting239 模架：mold-frame240 熔铸：smelting241 球化剂：spheroidizer242 近液相线：near-liquidus243 二次重熔：remelting244 流变成型：rheoforming245 缩孔缩松：shrinkage246 脆裂：embrittlement247 铸造车间：foundry248 饰品：jewelry249 激冷：chilling250 铸态：cast251 麻点：pit252 TiB_2：TiB2253 精炼剂：Refiner254 同步装置：synchronizer 255 资格认证：qualification 256 半实物：hardware-in-the-loop257 拉筋：reinforcement 258 爬升：climb259 自动浇注：auto-pouring 260 铝锆碳：Al2O3-ZrO2-C 261 硼元素：Boron262 压型：profiling263 水波纹：watering264 触变成型：thixoformed 265 固溶-时效：solution-ageing266 托板：holding-plate 267 BFe10-1-1合金：BFe10-1-1alloy268 触变模锻：thixo-forging 269 冷铁：chills270 低倍：macrostructure 271 显微疏松：Micro-porosity272 侵入性气孔：blowhole 273 冷却剪切：cooling/shearing274 铝活塞：Al-piston275 真空自耗：VAR276 无冒口：feederless 277 负压实型铸造：V-EPC 278 铸模：Mould279 刹车盘：brake-disc 280 铸嘴：nozzle281 再生性：reproduction 282 上引法：up-cast283 T型钢：T-section284 吸收衰减：attenuation 285 落砂机：shaker286 试验优化：optimization 287 剥离性：strippability 288 柄体：handlebody 289 缩孔、缩松：shrinkage290 流变铸轧：rehoroll-casting291 呛火：boiling292 单质体：single-mass293 CO_2硬化：CO_2-cured294 钢/铝：steel/aluminum295 变质细化：modification296 烧结-锻造：sinter-forging297 空洞形成：cavitation298 压力锅：pressure-cooker299 水溃性：Water-solubility300 促硬剂：hardening-promoter301 流变挤压：rheo-extrusion302 振动凝固：vibration-freezing303 CaC_2：CaC2304 硅铁稀土：ReFeSi305 压射：press-shoot306 多组元：multi-element307 凝固结晶：solidfication308 密集小孔：Process309 射砂：sand-shooting310 双盘冷却器：multi-cooler311 镁合金半固态：Semisolid312 滑瓦：slipper313 发动机罩盖：Engine-cover314 ProCAST仿真：ProCAST-simulation315 石膏型干燥：gypsum-drying316 轧制区长度：set-back317 微型冒口：Mini-riser318 ZA25合金：ZA25319 压力飞升：Pressure-soaring320 倾转浇注：inclinable-pour321 飞翅：finning322 对中环：self-algning323 自补缩：self-feeding324 气滑：airslip325 触变挤压成形：thixo-co-extrusion。
水工专业英语
水工建筑物专业词汇岸墙land wall坝顶dam crest[krest]，dam top坝踵dam heel坝趾dam toe板桩sheet pile边墩side pier，land pier变形模量deformation modulus ['mɔdjuləs, -dʒu-]鼻坎bucket ['bʌkit] lip毕肖普法Bishop method冰压力ice pressure剥离desquamation [,deskwə'meiʃən]侧槽式溢洪道side channel Spillway沉降settlement齿墙cut-off trench [trentʃ]冲沙闸（排沙闸）silt-releasing Sluice纯拱法independent arch method刺墙key-wall大头坝massive-head buttress dam *buttress 是扶壁的意思单宽流量discharge per unit width单曲拱坝single-curvature arch dam挡潮闸tidal sluice导流隧洞river diversion tunnel倒悬度Overhang degree底流消能energy dissipation by underflow地震作用earthquake action垫座cushion abutment[ə'bʌtmənt]动水压力hydrodynamic pressure断层fault堆石坝rock-fill dam多拱梁法multi-arch beam method阀门valve gate防浪墙wave wall防渗铺盖impervious blanke t非常溢洪道emergency spillway分洪闸flood diversion sluice副坝auxiliary [ɔ:ɡ'ziljəri] dam刚体极限平衡法limit equilibrium method for rigid block拱坝arch dam拱冠梁crown cantilever拱冠粱法crown cantilever method工作桥service bridge固结灌浆consolidation grouting灌溉隧洞irrigation tunnel灌浆帷幕grout curtain管涌piping海漫apron extension横缝transverse joint虹吸式溢洪道siphon spillway蝴蝶阀butterfly valve护坡slope protection护坦apron弧形闸门radial gate滑雪道式溢洪道ski-jump spillway化学管涌chemical piping混凝土防渗墙concrete cut-off wall混凝土面板堆石坝concrete faced rock-fill dam 基本断面primary section简化毕肖普法simplified Bishop method浆砌石拱坝stone masonry arch dam浆砌石重力坝stone masonry gravity dam交通桥traffic bridge接触冲刷contact scouring['skauəriŋ]接触灌浆contact grouting ['ɡrautiŋ]接缝灌浆joint grouting ['ɡrautiŋ]截水槽cut-off trench节制闸check sluice进水口water inlet进水闸inlet sluice井式溢洪道shaft spillway静水压力hydrostatic pressure均质坝homogeneous earth dam抗滑稳定分析analysis of stability against sliding 抗滑稳定性stability [stə'biliti] against sliding空腹重力坝hollow gravity dam空化cavitation [,kævi'teiʃən]空蚀cavitation erosion[i'rəuʒən]空注阀hollow jet valve [vælv]宽缝重力坝slotted gravity dam宽尾墩flaring ['flεəriŋ]pier廊道gallery ['ɡæləri]浪压力wave force理论计算theoretical computation拦河闸river sluice沥青混凝土asphalt ['æsfælt] concrete连拱坝multiple-arch dam流土soil flow流网法flow net method锚杆anchor rod面板face slab面流消能energy dissipation by surface flow模型试验model experiment泥沙压力silt . [silt] pressure碾压混凝土坝Roller Compacted Concrete Dam 牛腿Corbel排沙隧洞silt-releasing tunnel排水drainage排水闸outlet sluice喷混凝土sprayed concrete平板坝flat slab buttress dam平面闸门plane gate破碎带crushed zone铺盖blanket砌石护坡stone pitching人工材料面板坝artificial material faced dam 人工材料心墙坝artificial material-core dam溶洞solution cavern软基重力坝gravity dam on soft foundation软弱夹层soft intercalated layer实用断面practical section试载法trial-load method双曲拱坝double-curvature arch dam水工建筑物hydraulic structure水工隧洞hydraulic tunnel，waterway tunnel水力发电隧洞hydropower tunnel水利枢纽hydro-complex水力学方法hydraulics method水平施工缝horizontal joint水闸sluice弹性模量elastic modulus挑流消能energy dissipation by trajectory jet土工膜geomembrane土石坝earth-rock dam土质斜墙坝earth dam with inclined soil wall土质斜心墙坝earth dam with inclined soil core 土质心墙坝earth dam with soil core帷幕灌浆curtain grouting温度荷载temperature load温度控制temperature control温度应力temperature stress温度作用temperature action无压隧洞free level tunnel消力池stilling pool消力戽roller bucket消能工energy dissipater泄洪隧洞spillway tunnel泄水建筑物discharge structure泄水孔outlet hole新奥法NATM（New Austrian Tunneling Method）胸墙breast wall扬压力uplift溢洪道spillway水垫塘plunge pool溢流坝overflow dam、翼墙wing wall应力分析stress analysis优化设计optimization design有限单元法finite element method有压隧洞pressure tunnel闸墩pier闸门gate闸门槽gate slot正槽式溢洪道normal channel spillway整体式重力坝monolithic gravity dam趾板toe slab支墩坝buttress dam重力坝gravity dam重力墩gravity abutment周边缝peripheral joint驻波standing wave锥形阀cone valve自由跌流free drop自重dead weight纵缝longitudinal joint键槽key strench伸缩缝contraction joint施工缝construction joint反弧段flip bucket拦污栅trash rack渐变段transition泄槽chute发电进水口power intake通气管air vent检修门bulkhead gate事故门emergency gate工作门service gate堰weir通气管air vent胸墙breast wall梁beam柱column回填混凝土backfill concrete接地earth一期混凝土primary concrete二期混凝土secondary concrete叠梁门stoplog门机gantry crane止水waterstop钢筋reinforcement模板formwork围堰cofferdam ['kɔfə,dæm]马道bench；berm蜗壳volute[və'lju:t]水轮机turbine电站power house车间workshop发电机generator变电站transformer station副厂房auxiliary [ɔ:ɡ'ziljəri]power house安装间erection[i'rekʃən] bay尾水闸门tail lock尾水渠tailrace引水渠approach channel前池fore bay导墙lead wall隔墙partition wall接触灌浆contact grouting回填混凝土backfill concrete帷幕灌浆curtain grouting挡墙retaining wall港口harbour港口建筑物port structure船闸navigation lock船闸充水lock filling船闸充水和泄水系统locking filling and emptying system 船闸前池upper pool船闸上下游水位差lock lift船闸闸首lock head升船机ship elevator；ship lift鱼道fish canal旁通管by-pass齿槽cut-off wall生态开发整治工程ecological exploitation and regulation project南水北调 south-to-north water diversion. •,南水北调工程 divert water from the south to the north project 总规划面积the total planning area干燥少雨 dry and rainless水系 water system断流discontinuous flow沙化desertification污染源pollution source水源地waterhead area地下水开采量amount of groundwater mining供水量service discharge总体规划general planning一期工程first phase of construction总投资gross investment污水治理工程waste water treatment project污水处理厂sewage treatment plant排水管网network of drains生态防护林 ecological shelter forest总面积gross area两岸side banks防洪工程flood control project导流堤training wall基础设施 infrastructure路网road net防洪prevent or control flood汊河anabranch跌水drop河道river course复式断面compound cross section现浇混凝土on-site concrete预制混凝土precast concrete防渗结构seepage prevention示意图schematic diagram自然植被vegetation绿化带 green belt湿地wetland/marsh橡胶坝rubber damBulkhead Gate 检修门，预备门Emergency Gate 事故闸门，检修闸门Frame crane 龙门吊Frequency converter 变频机Parallel to the flow direction 顺水流方向Transverse to the flow direction 垂直水流方向SEZ special economic zone 经济特区Settlement 沉陷，沉降SE by E =southeast by east 东南偏东Supporting ring 支承环；垫环Setting retarder [ri'tɑ:də]缓凝剂Service gate 工作闸门Stoplog gate 叠梁门Submerged gate 水下闸门Self-collapsing gate 自溃闸门Draft tube gate 尾水闸门Backwater gate 挡潮闸门，防倒灌闸门8-tonne self propelled vibrating roller 8吨振动碾a complete set of equipment 成套设备accumulation of stress 应力集中air-condition 空调alluvium [地]冲积层, 淤积层anti-abrasion concrete 耐磨混凝土as-built drawings 竣工图asphaltic 沥青bench 马道bid 出价，投标blasting cap 起爆雷管borehole 钻孔borrow 土料场catchment 集水区域closestool 马桶corbel-piece 牛腿CUT OFF WALL 齿槽culvert ['kʌlvət]涵洞dam base width 大坝底宽elevation 立视图，高程free draining 自由穿流genset=generate set 发电机gevr=grout enriched vibratable rcc 变态混凝土ha. 公倾hand operated vibrating roller 手扶振动碾fire hydrant消防栓fire fighting 消防inspect 监理invert slab 底板joint venture联营体LIFT 浇筑层mobile crane 汽车吊mortar ['mɔ:tə]灰浆overhead 管理费parapet ['pærəpit]栏杆, 低墙, 扶手, 胸墙rear elevation [,eli'veiʃən]后视图reservoir 水库, 蓄水池small backhoe ['bæk,həu]挖机soil nail 土锚钉sub-contractor 分包商switching station 开关站tipping trucks 自卸车truck with grout mixer and water tank 搅拌车Weathered被风化的Release agent 脱模剂Segment gate 弧形闸门Overflow gate 溢流式闸门Overpour gate 顶溢式闸门Jet-flow gate 射流式闸门TOP。
抗气蚀聚氨酯涂层的研究进展
第52卷第6期表面技术2023年6月SURFACE TECHNOLOGY·153·抗气蚀聚氨酯涂层的研究进展王天聪1,2，侯国梁1，苏琼2，崔海霞1，陈磊1，周惠娣1，陈建敏1（1.中国科学院兰州化学物理研究所 中科院材料磨损与防护重点实验室，兰州 730000；2.西北民族大学 化工学院，兰州 730030）摘要：随着水轮机和螺旋桨等过流件的尺寸和转速不断提高，气蚀损坏问题更加突出，因此易施工涂覆且便于设计调控的聚氨酯涂层始终是耐气蚀领域的研究热点。
系统回顾了聚氨酯材料在气蚀防护领域的研究发展历程，深刻指出了这类材料作为耐气蚀涂层使用时存在的突出问题，例如耐水性、附着力、机械性能、耐磨性能和防污能力等较差，系统分析了这些因素导致涂层损坏失效的机理。
针对上述问题，重点根据聚氨酯独特的分子结构，分别从表面能、电负性、化学键合、接枝改性、添加功能填料等方面，提出了改善聚氨酯涂层在复杂工况下应用性的解决办法。
最后，鉴于我国对能够在海洋等苛刻环境中长期稳定服役的高性能气蚀防护涂层的急迫需求，对发展以自愈合聚氨酯为代表的集防污抗气蚀耐磨损自修复等功能于一体的新型聚氨酯材料进行了展望。
关键词：聚氨酯涂层；气蚀；损伤机理；改性；多功能中图分类号：TG172 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1001-3660(2023)06-0153-13DOI：10.16490/ki.issn.1001-3660.2023.06.014Research Progress of Anti-cavitation Erosion Polyurethane CoatingWANG Tian-cong1,2, HOU Guo-liang1, SU Qiong2, CUI Hai-xia1,CHEN Lei1, ZHOU Hui-di1, CHEN Jian-min1(1. Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Wear and Protection of Materials CAS, Lanzhou Institute ofChemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China;2. School of Chemical Industry, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou 730030, China)ABSTRACT: As a special form of material destruction, cavitation erosion causes huge economic losses and material losses to ships, water conservancy and hydropower industries every year, especially irreversible damage to key parts such as turbine and收稿日期：2022–01–17；修订日期：2022–06–17Received：2022-01-17；Revised：2022-06-17基金项目：中国科学院材料磨损与防护重点实验室青年基金（SYSQJ-2020-1）；中国科学院青年创新促进会会员资助（2020416）；陇原青年创新创业人才项目Fund：Supported by the Youth Foundation of Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Wear and Protection of Materials, CAS (SYSQJ-2020-1); the Youth Innovation Promotion Association, CAS (2020416); the Longyuan Youth Innovation and Entrepreneurship Talent Project作者简介：王天聪（1997—），男，硕士研究生，主要研究方向为表面涂层技术。
cavity类型 -回复
cavity类型-回复Cavity Types: Understanding and Preventing Tooth DecayIntroduction:Maintaining good oral health is crucial for overall well-being. One of the primary concerns in oral hygiene is tooth decay, commonly known as cavities. Cavities can cause pain, discomfort, and even tooth loss if left untreated. In this article, we will delve into the various types of cavities, their causes, symptoms, and preventive measures.I. What are cavities?Cavities are permanent damages to the tooth's structure caused by harmful bacteria and their byproducts. When acidic substances produced by bacteria accumulate on the tooth surface, tooth decay occurs. Over time, this decay creates holes in the teeth known as cavities.II. Types of cavities:1. Smooth-Surface Cavities:Smooth-surface cavities occur primarily on the sides of the teeth due to poor oral hygiene. These cavities can be difficult to detect without professional examination.2. Pit and Fissure Cavities:Pits and fissures are natural grooves present on the chewing surfaces of our back teeth. These areas are vulnerable to cavities as food particles and plaque easily become trapped. Over time, these trapped particles create cavities.3. Root Cavities:Root cavities occur when the root of a tooth becomes exposed due to gum recession. The exposed root surface is susceptible to decay.4. Recurrent Decay:Recurrent decay, also known as secondary decay, happens around existing dental fillings or crowns. Bacteria can accumulate at the edges of existing dental restorations and cause cavities to develop.III. Causes and Symptoms:1. Poor Oral Hygiene:Lack of proper oral hygiene, including inadequate brushing and flossing, allows plaque to accumulate on teeth. This plaque buildup eventually leads to cavities.2. Sugary and Acidic Foods:Consuming excessive amounts of sugary and acidic foods and beverages increases the risk of cavities. Bacteria feed on sugars in the mouth, producing acid as a byproduct that erodes tooth enamel.3. Dry Mouth:Dry mouth conditions reduce saliva production, making it difficult to neutralize acids and wash away food particles. This increases the risk of cavities.4. Dental Erosion:Acidic foods and drinks, as well as conditions such as acid reflux, can erode tooth enamel, making it more susceptible to cavities.Common symptoms of cavities include:- Toothache- Sensitivity to hot, cold, or sweet foods and drinks- Visible holes or pits on the teeth- Dark spots or stains on the teeth- Bad breath or a bad taste in the mouthIV. Preventive Measures:1. Maintain Good Oral Hygiene:Brush your teeth at least twice daily with fluoride toothpaste, floss regularly, and visit your dentist for regular cleanings and check-ups.2. Limit Sugary and Acidic Food and Drinks:Reduce your consumption of sugary treats, carbonated beverages, and acidic foods. If consumed, rinse your mouth with water afterward.3. Use Fluoride:Use fluoride toothpaste and mouth rinses containing fluoride.Fluoride strengthens tooth enamel and can help prevent cavities.4. Dental Sealants:Consider getting dental sealants applied to your molars and premolars. Sealants are thin, protective coatings that prevent food and bacteria from entering grooves in the teeth.5. Fluoride Treatments:Ask your dentist about fluoride treatment options, especially if you are at a higher risk of developing cavities.6. Address Dry Mouth:If you suffer from dry mouth, seek professional advice to manage the condition. Stay hydrated and chew sugar-free gum to stimulate saliva production.Conclusion:Understanding the various types of cavities and their causes is crucial in maintaining good oral health. By practicing proper oral hygiene, limiting sugary and acidic foods, and seekingprofessional dental care, we can prevent cavities and ensure a healthy smile for years to come. Remember, prevention is always better than treatment when it comes to dental health. So, prioritize your oral care and smile with confidence!。
抗cmas腐蚀测试标准
抗cmas腐蚀测试标准抗CMAS（含碳酸盐熔渣）腐蚀测试是一项重要测试，用于评估材料在高温、高压和腐蚀性气氛中的抗腐蚀性能。
本文将介绍抗CMAS 腐蚀测试的标准，详细说明测试方法和评估结果的标准。
一、引言在航空航天、燃气涡轮发动机及其他高温环境下应用的材料中，CMAS腐蚀是一个重要的问题。
CMAS是一种含碳酸盐的熔渣，它在高温环境下与材料表面发生反应，导致腐蚀、氧化和损坏。
为了保证材料在CMAS腐蚀环境下的可靠性，需要进行抗CMAS腐蚀测试。
二、测试方法抗CMAS腐蚀测试一般采用热气流法或热板法。
其中，热气流法是通过控制CMAS熔渣在预定温度下与样品表面接触一定时间，然后观察材料表面的腐蚀情况。
热板法是将材料放置在预热的热板上，使CMAS熔渣与材料发生接触，再通过观察热板和材料表面的腐蚀情况来评估抗腐蚀性能。
三、评估标准在抗CMAS腐蚀测试中，通常根据以下几个指标来评估材料的抗腐蚀性能：1. 腐蚀程度评估：根据材料表面的腐蚀程度，分为无腐蚀、轻微腐蚀、中等腐蚀和严重腐蚀等级。
一般通过光学显微镜、扫描电子显微镜等方法来观察和评估。
2. 腐蚀深度测量：采用金相显微镜、剖面仪等设备来测量材料表面的腐蚀深度。
腐蚀深度越深，说明材料的抗腐蚀性能越差。
3. 材料质量变化评估：通过测量材料的质量变化来评估抗腐蚀性能。
一般可以采用称重法或者颜色变化法来进行检测。
4. 物理性能评估：通过测试材料的物理性能变化来评估抗腐蚀性能。
常用的测试方法包括弯曲强度、拉伸强度、断裂韧性等。
四、结果分析在抗CMAS腐蚀测试中，根据评估标准对结果进行分析。
可以综合考虑腐蚀程度、腐蚀深度、质量变化、物理性能变化等指标，来评估材料的抗腐蚀性能。
根据评估结果，可以对材料进行分类，确定材料的适用范围和使用条件。
五、测试标准引用抗CMAS腐蚀测试的标准通常参考国际标准和行业标准，如以下几个常用的标准：1. SAE ARP6472：Aerospace Material Specification - Coating for Turbine Rotors in a Gas Turbine Environment2. ASTM G193：Standard Test Method for Evaluating Cavitation Erosion of Metallic Materials by Ultrasonic Vibratory Test Equipment3. GB/T 22160-2008：铝合金 Airbus 合格评定要求这些标准提供了详细的测试方法、评估标准和结果记录等内容，对于抗CMAS腐蚀测试具有指导意义。
界面微反应器,铃木偶联反应
界面微反应器,铃木偶联反应英文回答：I have been working with microreactors in my research, specifically focusing on the Suzuki coupling reaction. Microreactors are a type of reactor that operate on a small scale, typically with volumes ranging from microliters to milliliters. They offer several advantages over traditional batch reactors, including improved heat and mass transfer, enhanced safety, and increased control over reaction conditions.The Suzuki coupling reaction is a widely used methodfor forming carbon-carbon bonds. It involves the reaction of an aryl halide with an organoboron compound in the presence of a palladium catalyst. This reaction is particularly useful in organic synthesis, as it allows for the efficient construction of complex organic molecules.One of the main advantages of using a microreactor forthe Suzuki coupling reaction is the improved heat transfer. In a traditional batch reactor, heat generated during the exothermic reaction can lead to hotspots and poor temperature control. In a microreactor, the small reaction volume allows for rapid heat dissipation, resulting inbetter temperature control and higher yields.Another advantage is the increased surface area for mass transfer. In a microreactor, the reactants are inclose proximity to the catalyst, leading to faster reaction rates and shorter reaction times. This can be particularly beneficial for reactions that are slow or require high temperatures.Furthermore, microreactors offer enhanced safety compared to traditional reactors. The small reaction volumes minimize the amount of hazardous materials involved, reducing the risk of accidents. Additionally, thecontinuous flow nature of microreactors allows for better control over reaction conditions, reducing the likelihoodof runaway reactions or side product formation.To illustrate the benefits of microreactors in the Suzuki coupling reaction, let's consider the synthesis of a pharmaceutical compound. In a traditional batch reactor, the reaction may take several hours or even days to complete, requiring high temperatures and resulting in significant byproduct formation. In contrast, using a microreactor, the reaction can be completed in a matter of minutes with higher yields and fewer byproducts. This not only improves the efficiency of the synthesis but also reduces the amount of waste generated.中文回答：我一直在我的研究中使用微反应器，特别关注铃木偶联反应。
微课程外文翻译
微课程外文翻译A XXX on a specific topic。
It is commonly used in online。
blended。
or face-to-face teaching。
where it can be XXX self-help resource for students。
XXX on a single topic for a short time。
nally。
students can control the playback and refer back to the XXX.XXX on a single topic。
This format allows instructors to cover a lot of ground in a short amount of time。
making it an ideal tool for online learning。
Microlectures can be used to introduce new concepts。
provide a review of XXX。
or XXX。
They can also be used as a XXX nal lectures。
providing students with nal resources to help them better understand the material.One of the key XXX。
They can be used in a variety of settings and can be easily adapted to meet the needs of different learners。
For example。
a microlecture can be used as a pre-class activity to introduce students to a new topic。