wy 人教必修三 unit 4 astronomy the science of starts 语言知识点 language points
高中英语新人教版必修3 Unit4 Astronomy the science of stars
Unit 4 Astronomy: the science of starsTeaching aims:1. Talk about the science of stars2. Practise giving instructionsLearn to use noun clauses as the subjectLearn to write an essay to show your problems and the way to overcome them. Vocabulary: astronomy, atmosphere, violent, explode, surface, disappointed, gradually, cheer, mass, harmful, presence, in time, prevent …from… depend on, now that, get the hang of, break outThe first period Intensive readingStep Ⅰ PresentationT: Hello, everyone! Today we will come to Unit 4, Astronomy. Before thatI have a question: where do we come from? Or we can say: Who are our ancestors?S1: Monkeys!S2: Beijing Ren who lived many years ago.S3: dinosaurs…T: Very good! Do you know what it was like before life appeared on earth?S4: Full of water…Bs: I don’t know.T: Do you want to get more information?Ss: Yes, we do.T: Today we will learn something about how life began on earth. Turn to page25. Let’s come to Warming up first.Step Ⅱ Warming upRead the three questions, while the students listen and follow.Give the students several minutes to discuss the questions.Collect answers from the class.Check answers while discussing.Step Ⅲ Pre-readingGet the students to discuss the questions on page 25 with their partners.Then ask the students to tell their stories. Encourage them to tell differentstories, If they don’t know any, tell them some.T: Now discuss these questions with your partners. Then I will ask some of you to tell us your stories. Are you clear?Ss: Yes.Do you know each religion or culture has its own ideas about the beginning of the universe? Give an example if you know.Do you know what a scientific idea is?Read some stories to the students.Pangu separates the sky from the earth;The Biblical Account;India;Japan;Europe;…Step Ⅳ ReadingScanningGet the students to read the passage quickly and accurately and meanwhile help the students to form a good habit of reading. Give the students a couple of minutes to look throuth the whole passage. Tell them to read silently and then ask some detailed questions about the text. Encourage them to express their ideas.T: We are going to learn a passage about how life began on the earth. Now read the text quickly and then answer my questions.What was there on the earth before life began?Why do scientist think there has never been life on the moon?Why do animals first appear in the sea?Why do green plants help life to develop?Why were mammals different from other animals?Discuss the answers with the whole class.SkimmingIn this part, students will read the text again and finish part 1,2,3 T: Now skim the passage fast to finish part1,2,3,4 Then we will check the answers together.Key to part 1: DBIGEHACFJDiscuss the rest with the students.Step Ⅴ ListeningListen to the tape for the students to follow and have further understanding of the passage.T: Read after the tape, then answer me some questions with your book closed. How did water come into being on the earth?Why is water important on earth?Step Ⅵ Language pointsT: Turn to page 25. Let’s look at the sentences:It exploded loudly with fire and rock, which were in time to produce the water vapour.Which leads non-restrictive attributive clause.in time: sooner or later; eventuallyI will see him in time.In time ( for sth/to do sth): not lateShe will be back in time to prepare dinner.In/out of time: in/not in the correct timeThe audience clapped in time to the music.Nobody knew that it was going to be different from other planets going around the sun.Be different from: not like someone or something else in one or more ways City life is quite different from country life.Whether life will continue on the earth for millions of years to come will depend on whether this problem can be solved.To come: serves as attributiveShe is the last person to do such a thing.Depend on: something might only happen or be true if the circumstances are right for itOur success depends on whether everyone works hard or not.Walking does need a bit of practice now that gravity has changed.Now that: because of the fact thatNow that I am free, I can enjoy music for a while.Now that you have grown up, you can decide it by yourself.Step Ⅶ HomeworkRetell the passageRemember important language pointsThe second period Language studyStep Ⅰ RevisionCheck retelling of the passageTranslate the following sentences.你迟早会成功的.我的车与你的不一样.站在门旁边的那个人是谁?他总是第一个来,最后一个走.既然你已经长大了,你自己决定吧.Suggested answers:You will succeed in time.My car is different from yours.Who is the person standing by the door?He is always the first to come and the last to go.Now that you have grown up you can decide it yourself.Step Ⅱ Word studyThis part is a consolidation of the words learnt in this unit. Ask the students to do the exercises individually.Page 27. First let students finish part 1,2Check the answers with the whole class.Give students 3minutes to finish part 3.Let the students read part 4 for a while and finish it.Turn to page 63. First let the students finish 1and 2 and check the answers.Step Ⅲ PreparationShow some sentences on the blackboard.A tree has fallen across the road.You are a student.To find your way can be a problem.Smoking is bad for you.“How do you do?” is a greeting.What she said is not yet known.That we shall be late is certain.It’s certain that we shall be late .T: What part does the underlined part serve as in each sentence? Or find its subject in each sentence.Step Ⅳ GrammarGive the students some time to find the sentences in the passage. The collect answers from the class.Show typical examples of how to make a subject clause. Guide the Ss to find out what changes we have to make when we make a sentence or combine two sentences using subject clause. Teacher shows the example and Ss write down the sentences.Turn to page 64. Read the following passage quickly and finish the eight sentences.Have a discussion in pairs. The topic is My dream. One talks about the problems in his study or life, another gives some advice. Remind the students to use the following structuresMy problem is…My trouble is…The question is…My advice is…What I think about it is…The fact is…My suggestion is…Step ⅤHomeworkFinish part 3(P23)Finish part 3(P64)Added material:什么是黑洞？就是在宇宙中有那么一些点，这些点的体积趋向于零而密度变得无穷大，由于具有强大的吸引力，物体只要进入离这个点一定距离的范围内，就会被这个强大的引力吸收掉，连光线也不例外。
人教版高考英语一轮复习讲义：必修三 Unit+4+Astronomy+The+Science+of+the+Stars.doc
第一部分基础知识必修三Unit 4 Astronomy: The Science of the Stars1．了解宇宙科学、地球生命的起源，了解万有引力、黑洞和太空旅行等天文学知识，培养学生对科学的兴趣，激发学生探求科学的热情。
2．了解作者的写作特点，培养创造性思维，开拓广阔的想象空间。
Do hens lay eggs first or eggs give birth to chicks first? Who exist earlier on earth? It's a puzzle of biology. No physicist would cheer up at the problem. Are you interested in astronomy or solar system? Do you believe in the theory of Big Bang? Will violent Big Bang break out? What prevents us from taking in more oxygen? People believing in religion won't believe there is harmful acid in the atmosphere. Unlike them, we know that there are billions of atoms which are fundamental to the globe. Thus, they gather to be masses of living things. They will multiply in time when the climate is suitable. Without gravity, satellite and floating spaceship will crash. Now that we have so many puzzles, we should watch out for the surroundings around us.1. in time 及时；终于2. lay eggs 下蛋3. exist vi. 存在；生存4. give birth to 产生；分娩5. in one's turn 轮到某人；接着6. prevent...from 阻止；制止7. break out 突发；爆发8. watch out 密切注视；当心；提防1. 和他们不同的是，我们知道有无数对地球至关重要的原子。
人教英语必修三Unit4Astronomythescienceofthestar教案14
Unit 4 Astronomy: the Science of the StarsUsing LanguageObjectivesTo enjoy the passage A VISIT TO THE MOONTo learn to use the language by reading, listening, speaking and writingProceduresStep 1 Listening1.Ask theSs to look at the pictures and exercises and guess what the listening is about.2.Listen to Part1 and 2 of the tape for the first time and choose the best summary of thelistening text.3.Listen to Part1 and 2 again to fill in the coumn of the chart on page304.Check the answers with the whole class.Step 2 Reading1.Ask the students to read the passage quickly and fill in the form. Then check the answer.2.Listen to the tape and imitate the tape. Then practice reading aloud the dialogue with feeling.Step 3 Language points1．explain 短语：explain (sth) to sb 向…..作解释explain (to sb) why/ how/that etc.Would you explain the problem to the class again?Can you explain to me how to make tea?She explained to me that she couldn’t come because she was ill.2．force n1) (u) 力量powerHe didn’t use much force.2)( c) 部队group of men who have powerair force 空军armed force 武装部队v 强迫，迫使I was forced to open the door.区别：force 强调发挥出的力产生的效果; energy 指力量精力和活力；power 有本领权力之意。
人教版高中英语必修三Unit_4_Astronomy：the_science_of_the_stars
在大批人员的介绍引见中，没有几个人希望你记住他们的
名字。
(2)Her garden is a mass of flowers. 她的花园里种满了花。
(3)I don’t like children inthemass . 大体而论，我不喜欢儿童。
(4) Themassof people in that country are Christians. 那个国家的大部分人是基督徒。
注意：a mass of和masses of可以后接可数或不可数名词，作主 语时谓语动词的单复数与of后名词的单复数保持一致。
(1)Few of the people in mass introductions expect you to
remember their names.
(2009·安徽，阅读理解A)
hat and gloves to protect your face from being exposed
to the strong sunlight and your hands from being hurt.
(2009·辽宁)
d．It is necessary to stop the tourists from taking photos with
(2008·江苏，阅读理解B)
这些气体起到像温室玻璃一样的作用，它们允许来自太
阳的能量进入却阻止能量离开。
(2)They would prevent/stop/keep the rich from robbing the
poor. 他们要制止富人掠夺穷人。
(3)He raised his arm to protecthischildfrom 他伸出手臂去保护他的孩子免受伤害。
高一英语人教课标必修3Unit 4 Astronomy the science of the stars
Astronomy:
the science of the stars
Astronomy is the scientific study of the universe and the heaven bodies (such as the sun, the moon, and stars), gas, and dust within it.
eight planets in the solar system
Pluto (冥王星),
good bye in 2006.
said
What are the names of the eight planets that circle our sun?
地球 火星 Earth Mars 天王星 Uranus
The Biblical Account "In the beginning God created the heavens and the earth. The earth was formless and empty, darkness was over the surface of the deep, and the spirit of God was hovering over the waters. And God said..." Day 1: God spoke and separated light from darkness. creating Day and Night. Day 2: God spoke and separated the water creating sky and ocean. Day 3: God spoke and created dry land. Day 4: Day 5: Day 6: man. Day 7: God spoke and created the sun, moon and stars. God spoke and created living in the air and sea. God spoke and created the land animals and God rested and blessed this day calling it Holy.
人教版高中英语必修三Unit4Astronomy：thescienceofthestars课文知识点解析
Unit 4 Astronomy：the science of the stars 课文知识点解析Warming UpDiscuss in pairs which science subjects are part of medicine,biochemistry,geophysics or astronomy.分组讨论哪些科学科目是医学，生物化学，地理学或天文学的一部分。
in pairs=two at a time=in twos一次两个，两个一组e.g.Shoes and slippers are sold in pairs.鞋子都是论双卖的。
注意：in+数词/名词（数词/名词以复数形式）e.g.in threes and fours 三三两两的in groups 成群的思维拓展in在这里表示：以……数量/形式、形状等。
e.g.Tourists queue in thousands to see the tomb. 游客数以千计排着队看陵墓。
Reading1.The problem was that the earth became violent because it was not clearwhether the solid shape was to last or not.这一问题变得越来越不确定，因为这一球体形状是否能够维持尚未明朗。
(1)violent adj. 猛烈的；激烈的；强暴的a violent language 激烈的语言a violent storm 猛烈的风暴a violent 猛攻思维拓展violence n.［U］1.暴力，强暴2.猛烈，剧烈，强烈(2)whether...or not... “是……还是……”在这里是主语从句,它还可以引导宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句和状语从句。
e.g.I don’t know whether he will agree with me.（宾语）我不知道他是否同意我的观点。
人教英语必修三Unit4Astronomythescienceofthestar教案3
Unit 4 Astronomy the science of the stars教案（人教版必修3）Period 5Using language: Extensive reading整体设计教材分析This is the fifth teaching period of this unit. As usual, the teacher should check students’ homework and offer chances for them to go over what they learned in the last period at the beginning of the class. Then lead in the new lesson.In this period, the teaching emphasis will be put on developing students’ reading ability by reading extensively. We will deal with two parts: A VISIT TO THE MOON in Using language on Pages 30-31 and CAUGHT BY A BLACK HOLE in Reading Task on Page 66. While reading, get students learning to use some reading strategies such as skimming, scanning, and so on. As to new words and phrases, the teacher can first find those students feel most difficult and help them to understand. That’s enough here. The reading passage A VISIT TO THE MOON is a science fiction story which imagines what it might be like if an astronaut visited the moon. The purpose of science fiction writing is to combine facts with a story to make students interested and excited about travel in space. It is also to stimulate awe and wonder into the vastness of space. As this reading uses the information students have gained from the listening, the teacher can first ask some students to retell the listening text to lead in the topic and then ask students to read the passage and do some comprehending exercises. While checking their answers with the whole class, deal with language problems students can’t work out by t hemselves. This is an extensive reading lesson, so the teaching steps should be simple. As to the passage CAUGHT BY A BLACK HOLE, it is to continue the above story. The astronomers in the story visit a place in space, which seems impossible for people to reach, the “black hole”. It is to help students imagine what it is like near a “black hole”. Ask students to read through the passage and try to know more about astronomy and gravity.At the end of the class, ask students to retell the two passages. In order to arouse students’ interest, the teacher can hold a competition among them.教学重点1. Develop students’ reading skills by extensive reading.2. Let students read and understand the two passages.教学难点1. Enable students to learn to use reading strategies such as skimming, scanning, and so on.2. Get students to understand the science fiction stories in this unit.三维目标知识目标1. Get students to learn some useful new words and expressions in this part: spaceship, pull, float, mass, cheer up, now that, break out2. Get students to read the science fiction stories.能力目标1. Develop students’ reading skills by extensive reading and e nable them to learn how to use different reading skills to read different reading materials.2. Have students learn to use the useful new words and expressions correctly.3. Enable students to understand the passages and know more about astronomy and gravity.情感目标1. Stimulate students’ interest in astronomy and space travel.2. Develop students’ s ense of group cooperation and teamwork.教学过程→Step 1 Revision1. Check the homework exercises.2. Ask some pairs of students to come to the front and act out their dialogue to review the expressions of giving instructions.3. Have some students talk about Isaac Newton, Albert Einstein and Stephen Hawking as well as their ideas on gravity.→Step 2 Warming upLet students to brainstorm the following questions:What country first sent people into space?How many countries have succeeded in sending people into space so far?Who first landed on the moon?Who is the first Chinese astronaut to go into space?Do you want to visit the moon?→Step 3 Reading1. Ask students to read the passage and then describe the three ways in which gravity changed for Li Yanping and how his weight changed.1) Write down the three ways in which gravity changed for Li Yanping.The way gravity changedLeft the earthIn spaceOn the moonSuggested answers:The way gravity changedLeft the earth The gravity became very strong.In space The gravity disappeared.On the moon The gravity became very light.2) His weight changed three times, too. Now write them down.How his weight changedLeft the earthIn spaceOn the moonSuggested answers:How his weight changedLeft the earth He became very heavy.In space He had no weight and could float around like a feather.On the moon He was about one-sixth of his weight on the earth.2. Ask students to read the passage aloud to the tape and underline all the useful expressions or collocations in the passage. Let students read them aloud and copy them down in their exercise book after class as homework. Try to keep them in mind.Collocations: be lucky enough to do, have a chance, make a trip into space, explain sth. to sb. , the force of gravity, be off, the pull of the earth’s gravity, fall back to the earth, fall to theground, too far from the earth, as if, at all, get close to, cheer up, come on, less than, down the steps, step forward, twice as far as, fall over, a bit of, now that, after a while, get the hang of, break out, on the outside of, be pushed into→Step 4 Important language points1. Before we left, Li Yanping explained to me that the force of gravity would change three times on our journey and that the first change would be the most powerful.在启程以前, 李彦平向我解释说, 在我们的航行中会有三次引力的改变, 而第一次的改变将是最强的。
人教版高中英语必修三Unit4__Astronomy：_the_science_of_the_stars
pullapart拆散；拆开
pullaway(汽车等)开走
pulldown拆毁；摧毁
pullin(车辆)进站；停靠
pullout(车辆)驶出；退出
pullup停车
(1)Helpmemovethepiano，youpushandI'llpull.
帮我搬动一下钢琴，你来推，我来拉。[朗文]
(2)Thecinemasheusedtovisit.
(2)—I'mthinkingofthetesttomorrow ， I'mafraidIcan'tpassthistim
e. —________！(2012·河北冀州中学考试) A．GoaheadB．Goodluck C．NoproblemD．Cheerup 解析 考查情景交际。A项意为“做吧”，表示同意某人
it用作形式主语，可以替代从句、不定式、动名词等，it置 于句首，无意义，使句式结构更加平衡。常见it作形式主语的句 型有：
Itisstrange/obvious/true/possible/clear/likely...that... Itisapity/ashame/afact/awonder...that... Itissaid/thought/reported/decided/expected...that... Itisimportant/easy/hard/difficult/possible/necessary...forsbtodo sth
beinapuzzle感到困惑 puzzleout仔细思考；设法想出答案 bepuzzledabout...对……感到迷惑 (1)I'vebeensittingherepuzzlingaboutwhattodo. 我一直坐在这里苦苦思索该怎么办。[朗文] (2)Theteacherleftthechildrentotothepropbulzezmletohuetmthseealvnesws.er 老师让学生动脑筋自行寻找问题的答案。[牛津]
人教版高中英语必修三Unit4 Astronomy the science of the stars
Day 6: God spoke and created the land animals and the first man.
Day 7: God rested and called this day Holy.
How was the universe formed? How did life begin on Earth?
Chinese Legends (传说)
Pangu separates the sky from the earth.
His whole body then turns into all kinds of things in the universe.
Legend: The Goddess Nvwa mended
How to remember the order of the eight planets around the sun?
My Very Earnest Mother Just Served UN a Pizza
Mercury Venus Earth Mars Jupiter Saturn Uranus Neptune
The Solar System
In our solar system eight planets circle around the sun.
人教版高中英语必修3：unit 4 Astronomy_ the science of star
Unit 4 Astronomy
The science of the stars 关于星星的科学
主讲： 学校：
Solar system On which planet are there
lives at present ?
earth
HOW LIFE BEGAN ON THE EARTH
Age(dinosaur)ended
plant
water
Reptiles Plants
Insects and amphibians
Plants grow on land
Earth (solid globe) atmostphere
Dinosaurs
Mammals (including humans )
The developmnt of the earth
WeChat of the earth
EARTH
The universe bloengagnawgitoh a “Big Bang”
EARTH
Stars aanfdteotrhetrhbeodBieigs wBearnegformed
EARTH
EARTH
Wataesr btheegaenatrothapcpoeoalreodndtohwe enarth
EARTH
PlManilltisonbseogfayneators garfotewr wateirn’s wapapteearrance
EARTH
The age6o5fmdiinlloiosanuyrseeanrdseadgo
FSakstimremaidnigng
What’s the text about?
人教版英语必修3unit4 Astronomy the science of the stars
(2) exist vi. 存在；生存 exist on 靠…生存 existence n. 存在 existent adj. 存在的，实际的
①鼓励，鼓舞 encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓励某人做某事 ②激励，促进 High prices encouraged farming. 高价格刺激了农 业。 encouraging adj. 令人鼓舞的 encouragement n. 鼓舞， 鼓励 courage n. 勇气 discourage vt. 使泄气
5.Thus they have, in their turn, become the most important animals on the planet. in one's turn 轮到某人 例:When it was in my turn, I was too excited to speak. in turn 依次；反之，反过来 by turns 轮流；交替地 take turns to do sth./in doing sth. 轮到某人做某事
1. The difference in thickness and weight from the earlier version makes the iPad2 more comfortable ___. A. held B. holding C. be held D. to hold
2. Nowadays people sometimes separate their waste to make it easier for it ___. A. reusing B. reused C. reuse D. to be reused
高中英语必修三：Unit4Astronomy_thescienceofthestars―人教标1
Homework
1. Read the passage. 2.Write down the retelling on your
shellfish (贝类) and other fish
plants
insects（昆虫） amphibians (两栖类)
plants
reptiles (爬行类) Human being
dinosaurs mammals
Discourse markers （话语标记） first, next, later, after that, however, finally
First 5. Small plants grew on the water. 6. Shellfish and other fish appeared.
Next 7. Plants began to grow on dry land. 8. Insects and amphibians appeared.
海王星
Neptune
Pangu separates the sky from the earth
The Goddess Nuwa mended the heaven and created human beings
God created the world in seven days
Life first began in the sea on the earth.
Summary 本课小结
A. New words: theory/ globe/ violent/ atmosphere/ unlike/fundamental/ harmful/ chain/ lay eggs/ exit/mammal/ give birth to/ B. Reading skills：
人教版必修3Unit4 Astronomy：the science of the stars Astronomy课件
Have a try
Astronomy, solar system, planet, now that ,
• __n_o_w_t_h_a_t___ the scientific study of treatment of diseases and injuries.
• __a_st_r_o_n_om__y__ the scientific study of objects in space, such as planets, stars, comets and “black holes”.
The Solar system
• eight planets • many comets • other objects
土星
Solar system
金星
木星
冥王星 海王星
天王星பைடு நூலகம்
水星 The sun太阳
火星
How life began on the earth?
fire and rock
evolution of life on the earth
Pangu separates the sky from the earth
D．It was the oldest planet．
2.Why did the plants grow before the animals came ?
A．Animals needed plants to protect them from the sun．
√B．Plants provided oxygen for animals to breathe．
Other legends about the beginning of universe
新人教版高中英语必修三 Unit 4 Astronomy the science of the stars 课件(共14张PPT)
4. Which of the following statements is true? A. The dust settled into a solid globe between 4.5 and 3.6
billion year ago. B. The first small plants began to appear on the surface of
to?
A. Insects.
B. Reptiles.
C. Dinosaurs.
D. Humans.
3. The plants grew before the animals because they provide__________. A. nutrients for animals to absorb(吸收) B. oxygen for animals to breathe C. necessary temperature for animals to keep warm D. water vapour for animals
Skim for the main idea of each paragraph Para1 A widely accepted _t_h_e_o_r_y__ about the formation(形成) of t_h_e_u_n__iv_e_rse
Para2 The formation of _th_e__ea_r_th
small p__la_n__ts_ on the surface of the water
humans
What problem is caused by human beings?
Discussion
Ride a bike
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形式宾语，代替后面的不定式，故选A项。
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They laid eggs too and existed on the earth for more than 140 million years. 它们也生蛋，在地球上存在了1亿4千多万年。 exist vi. 存在；生存 Without air, we can't exist even for one minute. 没有空气，我们甚至连一分钟都生存不了。
possible for_life_to_develop． 这就产生了一个连锁反应，使生命的发展成为可能。 句中made it possible for life to develop属于“v.(动词)
＋it＋adj./n.(宾补)＋to do/that从句”结构。 该结构中，it作形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的不
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1．完成句子 ①他发现不可能离开德国去美国了。 He found it impossible to leave Germany for the USA.
ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ
②机器使人们有可能用较小的力气做较多的工作。
Machines make it possiblethat people do more work
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[归纳拓展]
harm n. & vt.
do harm to sb.＝do sb.harm
伤害；损害
对某人有害
be harmful to ...
对„„有害
harmless adj.
harmlessness n.
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1．根据语境，用harm的适当形式填空 2．一句多译 污染的河水会对环境造成很大的危害。 (harmful) (do harm to n．)
with less energy.
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2．单项填空
③(2011· 天津高考)We feel ______ our duty to make our country a better place. A．it C．that B．this D．one
解析：选 A 。考查代词。句意：我们认为把我们的国家 建设得更好是我们的职责。根据句意可知，it 在句中作
②The baby weighed seven pounds at birth.
③He is considered to be a musician by birth. 2．翻译句子 ④The endless choice gives birth to anxiety in people's lives. 无休止的选择让人们在生活中产生了焦虑。
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3．单项填空
⑤It still puzzles the science world why some
mammals produce their young ________ and hatching while others ________ to young babies.
A．lying eggs; giving birth
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[归纳拓展]
(1)exist in
存在于„„中
exist on
There exists ...
靠„„生活/生存
存在„„；有„„
(2)existence n.
in existence
存在；生活
现存的；现有的
come into existence
产生；成立；开始存在
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There always exists something worth fighting for, such as honor, freedom and so on.
定式或that从句。常用于此结构的动词：make, think, believe, find, consider, feel等。
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– Tina made it clear that she would leave the company. – 蒂娜明确表示她将离开这家公司。
– He makes it a rule to get up at six every day. – 他每天早晨六点起床，这已成为一种习惯。
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What many scientists believe is that the continued presence of water allowed the earth to dissolve harmful gases and acids into the oceans and seas. 很多科学家相信，由于地球上长期有水存在，使地球 得以把有害气体和酸性物质溶解在海洋里。 harmful adj. 有害的
A Tsunami, like a big earthquake, can do great
damage to human beings. ③今年秋天约翰可能在伦敦。 John islikely to be in London this autumn. ④由于他们的父母强烈反对，他们不大可能结婚。
Since their parents strongly disagree, they are unlikely to marry.
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• What it was to become was uncertain
主 状 系 表
• until between 4.5 and 3.8 billion years ago
• when the dust settled into a solid globe.
定
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考点1
violent adj.猛烈的；激烈的；强暴的
The polluted water can be very harmful to the environment.
The polluted water can do great harm to the environment
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2．This produced a chain reaction, which made it
take ... by violence 强夺……
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[多角度演练]
1．根据语境，用violent的适当形式完成下列 小片段 ①Tom was in violent pain.As a result, he behaved violently and treated everything
with violence ．
②How the first star came into existence is not
known yet.
③It was impossible for them to exist on such a
small income.
2．翻译句子
④很久以前地球上存在着恐龙(dinosaur)。
There existed dinosaurs on the earth a long time ago.
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They were in time to produce carbon, nitrogen, water vapor and other gases, which were to make the earth's atmosphere.
(烈火和岩石相互作用)最终产生了碳、氮气、水蒸气及 其他气体，这些物质后来变成了地球大气。 in time及时；终于；迟早；总有一天
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by birth
at birth
出生；血统；天生地
一出生；出生时
She is English by birth but French by marriage.
她是英国血统，但嫁给了法国人而加入了法国国籍。
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[多角度演练]
1．介词填空 ①During this season they are unlikely to give birth to their young.
It's unlike you not to say hello. 连招呼都不打，这可不像是你(的作风)。
They are so unlike that nobody believes they are sisters.
她们如此不同，以至于没人相信她们是姐妹。
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1．选词填空： unlikely, likely, unlike, like ①那么勤奋不像他平常的样子。 It's unlike him to be so hardworking. ②海啸，像大地震一样，会对人类造成很大伤害。
B．by laying eggs; by giving birth C．by laying eggs; give birth D．laying eggs; giving birth 解析：选 B 。lay eggs“下蛋”；give birth to“产生；分 娩；引起”；by doing sth.“通过做……”。句意：为什么 有些哺乳动物通过下蛋然后孵化而有些却通过生幼崽来繁 殖下一代，这个问题仍旧让科学界的人士感到很迷惑。
生命中总是有些值得去奋斗的东西，像荣誉、自由等。
It is said that the plant is the oldest in existence. 据说这种植物是现存最古老的。
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1．用exist或existence的相关短语填空
①Many problems also exist in food safety.
明天轮到汤姆值日。
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[归纳拓展] in turn by turns 依次；轮流；相应地；转而；反过来 轮流；交替
take turns to do sth. 轮流做某事
It's one's turn to do sth. 轮到某人做某事
More importantly, I found it was my turn to start looking out