UNITED KINGDOM GOVERNMENT AND THE COMMONWEALTH
英国概况之政府
The Parliament
• The Dispute over the Power of King VS Parliament • 1). James I/ Charles I/ Charles II / James II tried to
govern without the consent of parliament
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• The system of parliamentary government is not based on a written constitution. The British constitution is not set out in any single document. It is made up of statute law, common law and conventions. The Judiciary determines common law and interprets statutes.
• 3)Parliament passed the Bill of Rights in 1689, which
ensured that the King would never be able to ignore Parliament.
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functions: passes laws voting for taxation scrutinize government policy, administration and expenditure and to
Conservatives and the Liberal Democrats
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Queen Elizabeth II
the title: Elizabeth II, her title in the United Kingdom is “Elizabeth
英语国家社会与文化入门——The_government_of_the_united_kingdom
Text英国可以说是世界上最古老的代表的民主国家，可以在1000年追查根源。
其他国家也有长期的政治历史，但这些历史是由突发期显着，而经常是暴力，改变。
虽然英国也拥有了政治不稳定的时期相比，说，法国，美国，还是中国的国家建设进程一直是一个进化，而不是革命。
这种长期，不间断的历史仍然十分明显，在英国目前的政治体制和政治文化。
The Monarchy政府机构，是最古老的君主（由国王规则）。
这可以追溯到撒克逊人谁的，直到1066年诺曼征服公元5世纪的统治。
本女王伊丽莎白二世，是国王的直系后裔埃格伯特，谁团结在他的829统治英格兰。
君主的权力，主要是来自国王的“神权古代学说”。
有人认为，主权来自他从上帝的权威，不能从他的臣民。
由于这种神圣的权利，尽管有不同的家庭之间，有时谁坚持战斗，他们以合法的王位继承人，君主制的实际存在，很少受到质疑。
对于1000年英国有世袭的国王或女王作为国家元首，但有一个短暂的例外。
在17世纪有一个在英格兰与共和党的“圆颅内战”（即所谓的，因为男人不顾流行时尚和头顶的头发很短）由奥利弗克伦威尔，谁想要废除君主制，并要求领导保皇党谁它继续。
在罢黜国王查理一世在1642年，成功地圆颅党和公正十八年前的君主统治恢复。
虽然在理论上国王对他的球队的上帝在实践中，即使在中世纪，人们认为他不应该行使绝对的权力。
相反，主权应该愿意接受著名男性的意见。
国王是否愿意做领导之间的国王和教会一样强大，拥有土地的封建贵族，其他强大的集团的许多战役。
这是一个封建贵族和教会的反对约翰王（1199年至1216年的一些帮派）的政策。
这种反对如此强烈，国王最终给予了他们的自由和政治权利宪章，但其中世纪的大宪章拉丁名称命名。
大宪章放在国王的能力，他的皇室权力滥用的一些限制。
这仍然被视为英国的官方对公民权利的重要体现。
The Parliament这个词的“议会”的动词“来到往下谈”，即，讨论或交谈。
这个词是第一次使用在1236年正式描述封建贵族和县和偶尔的国王召见城镇代表聚会，如果他想筹集资金。
英语国家概况_英国议会和政府(汇总)
British Government
The United Kingdom is a constitutional monarchy (君主立宪制),which is governed, in the name of the Sovereign by His or Her Majesty’s Government. The power of the monarchy was largely derived from the “divine right of kings”.
British Parliament
General Elections Periodic national general elections are very important in the western model of democracy （周期性大选在西方式的民主制度 中非常重要 ）. The election is seen as an opportunity for people to influence future government policy and to replace the incompetent political leader.
（上帝和神赐予的）“君权神授论” 联合王国是君主立宪制国家,国家的首脑是国王 或女王。联合王国以君的名义,由国王或女王陛 下政府治理。
British Government
Britain is both a parliamentary democracy and a constitutional monarchy. While the official head of the state is the Queen, her powers are largely traditional and symbolic. The government at national and local levels is elected by the people and governs according to British constitutional principles.
《欧洲人权公约》中的平等与非歧视原则
《欧洲人权公约》中的平等与非歧视原则《欧洲人权公约》中的平等与非歧视原则朱晓青λ平等与非歧视是为国内法和国际法均予以规定的紧密相连的两项原则，并且，这两项原则可能都有其形式的一面和实质性的一面。
前者即，所有人均依据法律享有一致的待遇；后者即，在一个特定的社会中，权利和利益的平等分配。
在形式和实质两方面，不论是国内法还是国际法都规定了权利享有者，或称权利受益人间的一些差别。
这里，重要的不是差别本身，关键的也可以说所要掌握的“度”是，什么时候这些差别是适当的，而不是被禁止的歧视。
就《欧洲人权公约》而言，在何为被禁止的歧视方面，它给予了缔约国一个广泛的“评价余地”（margin of appreciation），以便各缔约国决定在何种情况下，某些差别是适当的。
1但限于篇幅，本文将不单独论及《欧洲人权公约》缔约国国内法关于平等与非歧视原则的规定，而仅从作为欧洲区域人权保护准则的《欧洲人权公约》的层面，对平等与非歧视原则作一分析。
一、《欧洲人权公约》：第一部具有法律约束力的国际人权文件鉴于第二次世界大战对人类生命的践踏，1945的《联合国宪章》写入了较强的人权条款，同时确定了人权保护的一些原则。
《宪章》序言明确“重申基本人权，人格尊严与价值，以及男女与大小各国平等权利之信念”。
《宪章》第1条第3款关于联合国宗旨之一的规定是：促成国际合作，以解决国际间属于经济、社会、文化、以及人类福利性质之国际问题，且不分种族、性别、语言或宗教，增进并激励对于全体人类之人权及基本自由之尊重。
显然，《宪章》的规定确立了作为人权原则的平等与禁止歧视原则。
1948年12月10日，联合国大会通过并宣布了有联合国人权委员会起草的《世界人权宣言》。
该《宣言》成为第一个被国际社会普遍接受的关于人权问题的国际文件。
它第一次在国际范围内较系统、全面地提出了人权和基本自由的具体内容，同时明确规定了平等和禁止歧视原则，并扩展了平等与禁止歧视的范围。
中英政府机构对比
• 中华人民共和国的一切权力属于人 民。人民行使国家权力的机关是全 国人民代表大会和地方各级人民代 表大会。
• 全国人民代表大会和地方各级人民 代表大会都由民主选举产生，对人 民负责，受人民监督。
A
B
Ⅱ. Legislative Branch 立法机构
Parliament 议会
1.The United Kingdom is a unitary, not a federal, state. Parliament consists of the Sovereign, the House of Lords and the House of Commons.
• 伊莉莎白二世,她的全称是上帝神佑,大布列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国 以及她的其他领土和领地的女王,英联邦元首,国教保护者伊莉莎白 二世.
• 2.The Queen is the symbol of the whole nation. In law, She is head of the executive, an integral part of the legislature, head of t-chief of all the armed forces and the “supreme governor” of the Church of England. She gives Royal
联合国组织英译
International Court of Justice 国际法院The Security Council 安全理事会General Assembly 联合国大会Economic and Social Council 经济及社会理事会Trusteeship Council 秘书处United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) 联合国贸易和发展会议United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) 联合国环境计划署United Nations Human Settlements Programme (UN-Habitat) 联合国人类住区计划署United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) 联合国开发计划署United Nations Development Fund for Women (UNIFEM) 联合国妇女发展基金United Nations V olunteers (UNV) 联合国志愿人员United Nations Population Fund (UNPF) 联合国人口基金Office of the United Nations High Commisioner for Refugees (UNHCR) 联合国难民事务高级专员办事处United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) 联合国儿童基金会World Food Programme (WFP) 联合国粮食计划署International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) 国际原子能机构World Trade Organization (WTO trade) 世界贸易组织（贸易）World Tourism Organization (WTO tourism) 世界贸易组织（旅游）International Labor Organization (ILO) 国际劳工组织Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) 联合国粮食及农业组织United Nations Educational , Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) 联合国教育，科学及文化组织World Health Organization (WTO) 世界卫生组织Internatioal Monetary Fund (IMF) 国际货币基金组织International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) 国际民用航空组织International Maritime Organization (IMO) 国际海事组织International Telecommunication Union (ITU) 国际电信联盟Universal Postal Union (UPU) 万国邮政联盟World Meterological Organization (WMO) 世界气象组织World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) 世界知识产权组织International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD) 国际农业发展基金United Nations Industrial Development Organization(UNIDO) 联合国工业发展组织。
政府机构中英文对照
中国国家机关名称China's State Organs全国人民代表大会National People's Congress (NPC)主席团Presidium常务委员会Standing Committee办公厅General Office秘书处Secretariat代表资格审查委员会Credentials Committee提案审查委员会Motions Examination Committee民族委员会Ethnic Affairs Committee法律委员会Law Committee财务经济委员会Finance Affairs Committee外事委员会Foreign and Economy Committee教育，科学，文化委员会Education, Science, Culture and Public Health Committee 内务司法委员会Committee for Internal and Judicial Affairs华侨委员会Overseas Chinese Affairs Committee法制委员会Commission of Legislative Affairs特定问题委员会Committee of Inquiry into Special Questions宪法修改委员会Committee for Revision of the Constitution中华人民共和国主席President of the People's Republic of China中央军事委员会Central Military Commission最高人民法院Supreme People's Court最高人民检察院Supreme People's Procuratorate国务院State Council(1)国务院部委Ministries and Commissions Directly under the State Council外交部Ministry of Foreign Affairs国防部Ministry of National Defence国家发展计划委员State Development Planning Commission国家经济贸易委员会State Economic and Trade Commission教育部Ministry of Education科学技术部Ministry of Science and Technology国家科学技术工业委员会Commission of Science, Technology and Industry for National Defence 国家民族事务委员会State Ethnic Affairs Commission公安部Ministry of Public Security国家安全部Ministry of State Security监察部Ministry of Supervision民政部Ministry of Civil Affairs司法部Ministry of Justice财政部Ministry of Finance人事部Ministry of Personnel劳动和社会保障部Ministry of Labour and Social Security国土资源部Ministry of Land and Resources建设部Ministry of Construction铁路部Ministry of Railways交通部Ministry of Communications信息产业部Ministry of Information Industry水利部Ministry of Water Resources农业部Ministry of Agriculture对外贸易经济合作部Ministry of Foreign Trade and Economic Cooperation文化部Ministry of Culture卫生部Ministry of Public Health国家计划生育委员会State Family Planning Commission中国人民银行People's Bank of China国家审计署State Auditing Administration(2)国务院办事机构Offices under that State Council国务院办公厅General Office of the State Council侨务办公厅Office of Overseas Chinese Affairs港澳办公厅Hong Kong and Macao Affairs Office台湾办公厅Taiwan Affairs Office法制办公厅Office of Legislative Affairs经济体制办公厅Office for Economic Restructuring国务院研究室Research Office of the State Council新闻办公室Information Office(3)国务院直属机构Departments Directly under the State Council海关总署General Administration of Customs国家税务总局State Taxation Administration国家环境保护总局State Environmental Protection Administration中国民用航空总局Civil Aviation Administration of China (CAAC)国家广播电影电视总局State Administration of Radio, Film and Television国家体育总局State Physical Cultural Administration国家统计局State Statistics Bureau国家工商行政管理局State Administration of Industry and Commerce新闻出版署Press and Publication Administration国家版权局State Copyright Bureau国家林业局State Forestry Bureau国家质量技术监督局State Bureau of Quality and Technical Supervision国家药品监督管理局State Drug Administration (SDA)国家知识产权局State Intellectual Property Office (SIPO)国家旅游局National Tourism Administration国家宗教事务局State Bureau of Religious Affairs国务院参事室Counsellors' Office of the State Council国务院机关事务管理局Government Offices Administration of the State Council (4)国务院直属事业单位Institutions Directly under the State Council新华通讯社Xinhua News Agency中国科学院Chinese Academy of Sciences中国社会科学院Chinese Academy of Social Sciences中国工程院Chinese Academy of Engineering国务院发展研究中心Development Research Centre of the State Council国家行政学院National School of Administration中国地震局China Seismological Bureau中国气象局China Meteorological Bureau中国证券监督管理委员会China Securities Regulatory Commission (CSRS)(5)部委管理的国家局State Bureaux Administration by Ministration or Commission)(国家粮食储备局(国家发展计划委员会)State Bureau of Grain Reserve (Under the State Development Planning Commission)国家国内贸易局State Bureau of Internal Trade国家煤炭工业局State Bureau of Coal Industry国家机械工业局State Bureau of Machine Building Industry国家冶金工业局State Bureau of Metallurgical Industry国家石油和化学工业局State Bureau of Petroleum and Chemical Industry国家轻工业局State Bureau of Light Industry国家纺织工业局State Bureau of Textile Industry国家建筑材料工业局State Bureau of Building Materials Industry国家烟草专卖局State Tobacco Monopoly Bureau国家有色金属工业局State Bureau of Nonferrous Metal Industry(以上由国家经贸委管理above are all under the State Economic and Trade Commission)国家外国专家局(人事部) State Bureau of Foreign Experts Affairs (under the Ministry of Personnel) 国家海洋局(国土资源部) State Bureau of Oceanic Administration (under the Ministry of Land and Resources)国家测绘局(国土资源部) State Bureau of Surveying and Mapping (ditto)国家邮政局(信息产业部) State Post Bureau (under the Ministry of Information Industry)国家文物局(文化部) State Cultural Relics Bureau (under the Ministry of Culture)国家中医药管理局(卫生部) State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine (under the Ministry of Public Health)国家外汇管理局(中国人民银行总行) State Administration of Foreign Exchange (under the People's Bank of China)国家出入境检验检疫局(海关总署) State Administration for EntryExit Inspection and Quarantine (under the General Administration of Customs)中国人民团体People’s Organizations of China测绘学会 Society of Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography地震学会 Seismological Society国际金融学会International Finance Society国际战略问题学会 Institute for International Strategic Studies海洋学会 Society of Oceanography科普学会 Popular Science Society全国少年儿童文化艺术委员会Nat’l Council on Cultural and Art Work for Children 全国少年儿童工作协调委员会Nat’l Children’s Work Coordination Committee全国史学会 China Society of History宋庆龄基金会 Song Ching Ling Foundation中国奥林匹克委员会 Chinese Olympic Committee中国笔会中心 Chinese Pen Centre中国标准化协会 China Association for Standardization中国残疾人福利基金会China Welfare Fund for the Handicapped中国出版协会 Chinese Publishers Association中国道教协会 Chinese Taoist Association中国电视艺术家协会 Chinese Television Artists Association中国电影家协会 China Film Association中国法律质询中心Chinese Legal Consultancy Centre中国法律会China Law Society中国翻译工作者协会 Translators Association of China中国佛教协会 Chinese Buddhists Association中国福利会China Welfare Institute中国歌剧研究会 Chinese Opera Research Institute中国共产主义青年团 Communist Youth League of China中国国际法学会 Chinese Society of International Law中国国际交流协会Association for Int’l Understanding of China中国红十字会总会Red Cross Society of China中国会计学会 China Accounting Society中国基督教“三自”爱国运动委员会Three-Self Patriotic Movement Committee of the Protestant Churches of China中国基督教协会 China Christian Council中国计量测试学会Chinese Society for Measurement中国金融学会 Chinese Monetary Society中国考古协会 Archaeological Society of China中国科学技术史学会 Chinese Society of Science and Technology History中国科学技术协会China Society and Technology Association中国联合国教科文组织全国委员会Nat’l Commission of The People’s Republic of China for UNESCO中国联合国协会 United Nations Association of the Pe ople’s Republic of China中国美术家协会 Chinese Artists Association中国民间文艺家协会China Society for the Study of Folk Literature and Art中国企业管理协会 China Enterprise Management Association中国曲艺家协会 Chinese Ballad Singers Association中国人民保卫儿童基金会Chinese People’s National Committee for Defence of Children中国人民对外友好协会Chinese People’s Association for Friendship with Foreign Countries中国少年儿童基金会Children’s Foundation of China中国少年先锋队 China Young Pioneers中国摄影家协会 Chinese Photographers Society中国书法家协会 Chinese Calligraphers Association中国天主教爱国会 Chinese Patriotic Catholic Association中国天主教教务委员会Nat’l Administrative Commission of the Chinese Catholic Church中国天主教主教团 Chinese Catholic Bishops College中国文学艺术界联合会China Federation of Literary and Art Circles中国舞蹈家协会Chinese Dancers Association中国戏剧家协会Chinese Dramatists Association中国伊斯兰教协会 Chinese Islamic Association中国音乐家协会Chinese Musicians Association中国杂技艺术家协会 Chinese Acrobats Association中国政法学会 China Society of Political Science and Law中国作家协会 Chinese Writers Association中化全国妇女联合会 All-China Women’s Federation中华全国工商联合会 All-China Federation of Industry and Commerce中华全国归国华侨联合会 All-China Federation of Returned Overseas Chinese中华全国青年联合会 All-China Youth Federation中华全国世界语联合会All-China Esperanto League中华全国台湾同胞联谊会 All-China Federation of Taiwan Compatriots中华全国体育总会 All-China Sports Federation中华全国新闻工作者协会 All-China Journalists’ Association中华全国总工会 All-China Federation of Trade Unions中华医学会Chinese Medical Associaition香港政府机构名称Hong Kong institutions 香港政府机构立法委员会Legislative Council香港特别行政区政府Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region 行政部门Department of Administration民事服务局Civil Service Bureau (CSB)民事服务培训和发展研究所Civil Service Training and Development Institute (CSTDI) 官方语言机构Official Languages Agency(OLA)立宪事务局Constitutional Affairs Bureau (CAB)登记和选举办公厅Registration and Electoral Office教育和人力资源局Education and Manpower Bureau (EMB)教育部门Education Department教育委员会Education Commission (EC)就业再培训局Employees Retraining Board (ERB)劳动部门Labour Department公共服务委员会Public Service Commission学生财政资助局Student Financial Assistance Agency (SFAA)大学专项拨款委员会University Grants Committee(UGC)职业培训委员会Vocational Training Council(VTC)卫生和福利局Health and Welfare Bureau卫生部门Department of Health医院部门Hospital Authority (HA)医院服务部门Hospital Services Department(HSD)政府实验室Government Laboratory社会福利部门Social Welfare Department家庭事务局Home Affairs Bureau家庭事务部门Home Affairs Department信息服务部门Information Services Department (ISD)房屋局Housing Bureau房屋管理部门Housing Authority and Housing Department信息技术和广播局Information Technology and Broadcasting Bureau广播部门Broadcasting Authority (BA)信息技术服务部门Information Technology Services Department (ITSD)香港广播电视wuRadio Television Hong Kong(RTHK)通信部门Office of the Telecommunications Authority (OFTA)电视和娱乐许可部门Television and Entertainment Licensing Authority (TELA) 计划、环境和土地局Planning, Environment and Lands Bureau建设部门Buildings Department环境保护部Environmental Protection Department (EPD)环境咨询委员会Advisory Council on the Environment (ACE)土地部Lands Department土地登记Land Registry计划部Planning Department安全局Security Bureau运输局Transport Bureau公路部Highways Department运输部Transport Department (TD)Administration Wing法律援助部Legal Aid DepartmentEfficiency Unit管理服务部Management Services Agency (MSA)财政部门Department of Finance经济服务局Economic Services Bureau农渔部Agriculture and Fisheries Department(AFD)机场部Airport Authority (AA)国内航空部Civil Aviation Department(CAD)海运部Marine Department香港气象台Hong Kong Observatory香港港口和海洋局Hong Kong Port and Maritime Board (PMB) 港口处Post Office香港旅游协会Hong Kong Tourist Association(HKTA)财政局Finance Bureau内税部Inland Revenue Department (IRD)政府陆地运输部Government Land Transport Agency (GLTA) 印刷部Printing Department政府财产部Government Property Agency(GPA)评估部Rating and Valuation Department(RVD)政府供应部Government Supplies Department(GSD)国库Treasury财政服务局Financial Services Bureau调查统计部Census and Statistics Department (C&SD)公司登记Companies Registry保险特派员处Office of the Commissioner of Insurance (OCI) 礼宾处Official Receiver's Office(ORO)贸易和工业局Trade and Industry Bureau消费者委员会Consumer Council税务委员会Customs and Excise Department工业部Industry Department知识产权部Intellectual Property Department (IPD)香港生产力委员会Hong Kong Productivity Council(HKPC)贸易部Trade Department贸易发展委员会Trade Development Council(TDC)工务局Works Bureau建筑服务部Architectural Services Department土木工程部Civil Engineering Department(CED)建设标准委员会Construction Standards Committee排水服务部Drainage Services Department(DSD)电力和机械服务部Electrical and Mechanical Services Department (EMSD)新机场项目协调办公室New Airport Projects Co-ordination Office (NAPCO)地区发展部Territory Development Department(TDD)水供应部Water Supplies Department(WSD)商务和服务促进机构Business and Services Promotion Unit香港财政局Hong Kong Monetary Authority(HKMA)司法部Department of JusticeCentral Policy Unit (CPU)香港考试部门Hong Kong Examinations Authority (HKEA)香港体育发展局Hong Kong Sports DevelopmentBoard (SDB)法律援助服务委员会Legal Aid Services Council (LASC)职业安全和保健委员会Occupational Safety and Health Council (OSHC)吸烟与健康委员会Council on Smoking and Health (COSH)创新与技术主管执行委员会Chief Executive's Commission on Innovation and Technology 香港安全与未来委员会Securities and Futures Commission of Hong Kong (SFC)反腐独立委员会Independent Commission Against Corruption (ICAC)机会平等委员会Equal Opportunities Commission (EOC)监察处Office of the OmbudsmanOffice of the Privacy Commissioner for Personal Data选举事务委员会Electoral Affairs Commission (EAC)审计委员会Audit Commission司法部JudiciaryRegional Institutions:地区委员会Regional Council地区服务部Regional Services Department城市委员会Urban Council城市服务部Urban Services Department美国行政机构U.S. Institutions总统办事机构：(Executive Office of the President)白宫办公厅(The White House Office)副总统办公厅(Office of the Vice President of the United States)行政管理和预憔?(Office of Management and Budget)经济顾问委员会(Council of Economic Advisers)国家安全委员会(National Security Council)美国贸易代表办公室(Office of United States Trade Representatives) 政策制定办公室(Office of Policy Development)科学和技术政策办公室(Office of Science and Technology Policy) 改善环境质量委员会(Council on Environmental Quality)国家麻醉品控制政策办公室(Office of National Drug Control Policy) 行政办公室(Office of Administration)政府各部：(Cabinet Department)国务院(Department of State)财政部(Department of Treasury)国防部(Department of Defense)司法部(Department of Justice)商务部(Department of Commerce)能源部(Department of Energy)内政部(Department of Interior)农业部(Department of Agriculture)教育部(Department of Education)运输部(Department of Transportation)劳工部(Department of Labor)卫生与公众服务部(Department of Health and Human services)住房和城市发展部(Department of Housing and Urban Development) 退伍军人事务部(Department of Veterans Affairs)军事机构：(Military Bodies)国防部(Department of Defense)参谋长联席会议(Joint Chiefs of Staff)陆军(Army)空军(Airforce)海军(Navy)海军陆战队(Marine Corps)海岸警卫队(Coast Guard)后备役部队(Reserves)联合作战司令部(United Combatant Commands)United Nations 联合国相关机构International Court of Justice 国际法院Security Council 安全理事会General Assembly 联合国大会Secretariat 秘书处Office of the Secretary General 秘书长办公室Office of Legal Affairs 法务局Department of Political and Security Council Affairs 证治安全局Department of Economic and Social Affairs 经济社会局Office of Public Information 公共资料处Department of Conference Services 会议局Office of General Services 总务处United Nation Conference on Trade and Development Secretariat 联合国贸易开发事物局Unite Nation Industrial Development Organization 联合国工业开发机构United Nations Administrative Tribunal 联合国行政裁判所International Law Commission 国际法委员会United Nation s Commission on International Trade Law 国际贸易法委员会Committee on the peaceful Uses of the Seabed and the Ocean Floor beyond the Limits of National Jurisdiction 公海海底海床和平利用特别委员会Enlarged Committee for Program and Coordination,ECPC 扩大计划调整委员会Economic and Social Council 经济社会理事会Statistical Commission 统计委员会Population Commission 人口委员会Commission for Social Development 社会开发委员会Commission on Human Rights 人权委员会Commission on the Status of Women 妇女地位委员会Commission on Narcotic Drugs 麻醉药委员会Council Committee on Non-Governmental Organizations 民间机构委员会Committee on Housing, Building and Planning 住宅建筑企划委员会Committee for Development Planning 开发计划委员会Special Committee on Peace-Keeping Operations 维护和平活动特别委员会United Nations Conference on Trade and Development 联合国贸易开发会议Trade and Development Board,TDB 联合国开发委员会United Nations Development Program,UNDP 联合国开发计划处United Nation Children's Fund,UNICEF 联合国儿童基金会United Nations Industrial Development Organization,UNIDO 联合国工业开发组织United Nations Capital Development Fund,UNCDF 联合国资本开发基金会United Nations Institute for Training and Research,UNITR 联合国调查训练研究所United Nations FAO Intergovernmental Committee of the World Food Program 联合国FAO世界粮食计划国际委员会International Narcotics Control Board,INCB 国际麻醉药管制委员会Trusteeship Council 信托投资理事会International Labor Organization,ILO 国际劳工组织Food and Agriculture Organization,FAO 联合国粮食农业组织United Nation Educational Scientific and Culture Organization,UNESCO 联合国教育科学文化组织International Civil Aviation Organization,ICAO 国际民间航空组织World Health Organization,WHO 世界卫生组织International Telecommunications Union,ITU 国际电信同盟World Meteorological Organization,WMO 世界气象组织Universal Postal Union,UPU 万国邮政联盟International Maritime Consultative Organzation,IMCO 国际海事协议组织International Finance Corporation,IFC 国际金融组织International Monetary Fund,IMF 国际货币基金会International Bank for Reconstruction and Development,IBRD 世界银行International Development Association,IDA 国际开发协会General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade,GATT 有关关税贸易一般规定International Atomic Energy Agency,IAEA 国际原子能组织World Federation of Trade Unions,WFTU 世界劳工组织International Confederation of Free Trade Unions,ICFTU 国际自由劳工联盟International Chamber of Commerce,ICC 国际工农商会International Federation of Agricultural Producers,IFAC 国际农业生产联盟Inter-Parliamentary Union,IPU 诸国会议同盟International Organization of Employers,IOE 国际雇佣者组织World Veterans Federation,WVF 世界退伍军人联盟International Union of Local Authorities,IULA 世界地方自治联盟United Towns Organization,UTO 姊妹市团体联盟。
介绍英国政府的英语作文
介绍英国政府的英语作文Title: An Overview of the Government of the United KingdomThe United Kingdom (UK) is a country with a rich history of governance and political structure. The UK government operates as a constitutional monarchy with a parliamentary democracy, a system that has evolved over centuries to balance power between the monarchy and elected representatives.At the heart of the UK government is the **Parliament**, which is the supreme legislative body. It consists of two houses: the **House of Commons** and the **House of Lords**. The House of Commons is made up of Members of Parliament (MPs) who are elected by the public during general elections. The leader of the party with the most seats in the House of Commons becomes the Prime Minister, who is the head of government. The Prime Minister is responsible for running the government and making policy decisions.The House of Lords, on the other hand, is composed of appointed members, including life peers, bishops, and hereditary peers. Although it does not have the same legislative power as the House of Commons, it reviews and suggests amendments to legislation proposed by the Commons.The UK is also known for its **Monarchy**, which plays a ceremonial role in the government. The monarch, currently King Charles III, is the head of state but has limited powers under the constitution. The monarch's duties include opening and closing sessions of Parliament, giving royal assent to bills passed by Parliament, and performing various ceremonial functions.The **Prime Minister** and the Cabinet, composed of senior ministers appointed by the Prime Minister, are responsible for running different government departments and implementing policies. Each minister oversees a specific area, such as health, education,or defense, ensuring that government functions smoothly and efficiently.The UK’s judicial system operates independently from the government and Parliament. The **Supreme Court** is the highest court in the country, responsible for interpreting laws and ensuring justice. The judiciary’s independence is crucial for maintaining the rule of law and protecting citizens' rights.In addition to its domestic roles, the UK government also plays a significant role on the international stage. It engages in diplomacy, trade, and global cooperation through various international organizations and agreements.In conclusion, the government of the United Kingdom is a complex and well-established institution that balances the roles of its monarch, Parliament, and Prime Minister. Through its legislative, executive, and judicial branches, the UK government works to serve the public and uphold democratic principles.。
TheGovernmentoftheUnitedKingdom
The Government of the United Kingdom 1.The brief history ofBritainThe oldest representativedemocracyHaving periods ofpolitical instability, theprocess has been one ofthe revolution rather thanrevolution.Be apparent in politicalinstitutions and politicalculture.The oldest institution ofgovernmentSaxons: 5th century ADuntil the NormanConquest in1066Elizabeth II: descendedfrom King Egbert2.The MonarchyPower: derived by divineright of kingsSovereign from GodExistence has seldombeen questionedProcessHereditary king or queenwith one brief exceptionIn the 17th century, civilwarRoundheadsLed by Oliver CromwellPurpose: abolishCharles I: ousting for 18yearsFeudal barons andchurch opposed KingJohn policies. MagnaCarta placed limits andabuse power.3.The ParliamentMeaning: to discuss ortalkFirst used in 1236 todescribe the gathering offeudal barons andrepresentativesMedieval kings meet ownroyal expenses out ofwealth; also widened theGreat Council; parliamentThe House of CouncilThe House of LordsThe CommonsThe civil war Charles IIJames II4.The Birth of the PrimeMinister and CabinetTo have enough supportand enable to pass lawsand voteQueen died, import amember of the royalfamily from German torule Britain.The Parliament becomesmore powerful andorganisedThe leader of the partybecomes Prime Minister5.The British GovernmentTodayBoth a parliamentarydemocracy and aconstitutional monarchyThe constitutionIsrael and Britain withoutwritten constitutionsIn statute lawThe common lawsThe Role of the MonarchyTodayTo symbolise thetradition and unity , onlyrepresent the part of thepopulation that voted infavorQueen has an excellentapproval rating inopinions polls.The House of Lords andthe House of CommonsConsists of LordsSpiritual and LordsTemporalLatter: life peers andhereditary peersHouse of Lords: bothsexist and elitistHouse of Commons:consists of 646 MPselected by people torepresent them, mostMPs belongs to politicalparties。
英美政府机关名称中英对照
Institution 机关；机构Congress 国会court 法院；法庭Constitution 宪法Amendment 修正案；修订案the Bill of Rights (美)人权法案ambassador 大使；使节envoy 使节embassy 大使馆federalism 联邦主义；联邦制度the Supreme Court （美）最高法院the Cabinet 内阁bicameralism 两院制the chamber 议院the Senate 参议院impeachment 弹劾parliament 议会the House of Representatives 众议院the district courts 地方法院levy tax 征税the courts of appeals 上诉法院Democrat 民主党员two-party system 两党制Republican 共和党员Democratic party 民主党platform（美）政党竞选纲领Libertarian 自由党者Department of Justice 司法部jury Socialist 社会党员government intervention 政府干预global economy 全球经济Monetary and fiscal policies 财政政策protectionist 保护贸易论tariff 关税foreign affairs 外交magistrate （张有司法权的）行政长官；治安法官administration 政府intermediate courts of appeals 中级上诉法院agenda 议事日程appellate court of last resort 最终求助上诉法院arbitration 仲裁bill 议案cabinet 内阁Capitol Hill 美国国会checks and balances 权力制衡committee 委员会cold war 冷战congressional record 国会记事录convention 政党代表大会federal reserve system 联邦储备系统First Amendment 第一修正案floor 议员席foreign policy 外交政策governor 州长;省长；镇长incumbent 现任者Internal Revenue Service(IRS)（美国）国内收入署left-wing 左翼legislation 立法Pentagon 五角大楼President 总统primary 初选Prime Minister 首相shirtsleeve diplomacy 非正式外交diplomat 外交官socialism 社会主义imperialism 帝国主义speaker 众院议长subcommittee 小组委员会revolution 革命amnesty 赦免apartheid 种族隔离arms race 军备竞赛balance of power 力量均势banishment 驱逐bilateralism 双边关系Common Market 公共市场communism 共产主义confederation 联邦consul 领事consulate 领事；领事馆courier 外交信使delegate 代表developing nation 发展中国家dictatorship 独裁human rights 人权diplomatic immunity 外交豁免权AIDS SARS respire respiratory conspire inspire Disarmament 裁军draft 征兵propaganda politician politics statesman dragon dry winenews reader announcer news anchor anchorage talk show host guest moderatorpresenter ceremony master M.C. emcee coined wordInternational Court of Justice 国际法庭international law 国际法internationalism 国际主义interpreter 议员Kremlin 克里姆林宫league 联盟multilateralism 多边主义nationalism 国家主义；民族主义nationality 国籍；民族neutrality 中立NATO= The North Atlantic Treaty Organization 北约premier 总理Peaceful coexistence 和平共处police state 极权国家refugees 难民Secretary of state 国务卿Security Council 安理会sovereignty 主权summit 峰会；首脑会议superpower 超级大国terrorism 恐怖主义totalitarianism 极权主义unilateralism 单边行动war games 军事演习National Security Council 国家安全委员会the Treasury (英国)财政部Her Majesty’s Government （英国）女王陛下政府the civil service 文官部；文职部门First Lord of Treasury （英国）首席财政大臣Minister for the Civil Service （英国）文官部大臣The Chancellor of the Exchequer\the Chancellor （英国）财政大臣The secretary of state for Home Affairs\the Home Secretary （英国）内务大臣The Secretary of state for Defense\ the Defense Secretary （英国）国防大臣Secretary of State （英国）国务大臣state government （美国）州政府The Federal Government (美国)联邦政府general assembly （美国）州议会Military government 军人政府dictator 专政者；独裁者provisional government 临时政府political pluralism 政治多元化national government 国民政府the White House 白宫radical party 激进党conservative party 保守党the judiciary 司法部门law-enforcement official 司法官员Act of Parliament 议会法案Agency 政府分支机构magistrate\Justice of the Peace地方法官；治安法官administration 行政当局anarchism 无政府主义antigovernment 反政府的anarchy 无政府状态appoint 任命asylum 政治避难authorities 当局；官方chauvinism 沙文主义CIA=Central Intelligence Agency 中央情报局Donkey 驴（指代美国民主党）Downing Street 唐宁街（英国政府或首相府）Elephant 象（指代美国共和党）Elysee Palace 爱丽舍宫（法国政府或总统府）FBI=Federal Bureau of Investigation （美）联邦调查局Foggy Bottom 雾谷（指代美国国务院）The Department of the Interior （美）内政部the Secretary of the Interior （美）内政部长Joint Intelligence Service （英）联合情报委员会Communications Intelligence 通讯情报处Defense Intelligence Staff 国防情报处plenary （指会议）全体出席的Plenary session 全会white paper 白皮书（政府真是报告）Chairman （中、朝等国）主席，委员长，议长king (丹麦等国)国王chancellor（英）大臣；（德等一些欧洲国家）总理mayor 市长the Chancellor of the Exchequer (英)财政大臣the Minister of Education 教育部长the Minister of Foreign Affairs 外交部长the Prime Minister 首相，总理，行政院长parliamentarian （国会）议员politician 政客premiership 总理、首相之任期president （中）国家主席，（美等国）总统secretary of state 国务卿 a Cabinet Minister 内阁大臣a cabinet member\officer 阁员Chamber of Deputies （意大利）众议院Congress 美国国会the Senate 参议院The House of Representative 众议院（the House）House Representative 众议员Member of Congress 国会议员Department of State （美）国务院Council of State （印）联邦院（上院）House of the People 人民院（下院）Federal Assembly （德）联邦议院Federal Council (德)联邦参议院Indian National Congress 印度国民大会党LD=Liberal Democracy （法）自由民主党KPRF=Communist Party of the Russian Federation （俄）联邦共产党LDP=Liberal Democratic Party （日）自民党National Assembly （法、波兰等国）国会Parliament 英国议会the House of Parliament 上下两院The House of Lord 上议院Lord High Chancellor 议长Lords Spiritual 上议院神职人员（高级神职人员）Lord Temporal 上议院世俗议员（柜组成员）The House of Commons 下议院（Lower House）Member of Parliament 下议院People’s Party （印度等国）人民党PS=Socialist Party （法）社会党Buckingham 白金汉宫（指代英国皇室）crown prince 皇太子，王储Czar(Tzar)（俄国）沙皇barnstorm (尤美)巡回演说ASEAN=Association of Southeast Asian Nation 东南亚国家联盟Asian-African Conference 亚非会议Commonwealth 英联邦ASPAC=Asian and Pacific Council 亚洲及太平洋理事会CAEC=Council for Asia-Europe Cooperation 亚欧合作理事会CSCAP=Council on Security Cooperation on Asia and Pacific Region 亚太安全合作理事会EAC=East African Community 东非共同体ECHR=European Commission of Human Rights 欧洲人权委员会EU=European Union 欧洲联盟G7=Group of Seven 七国集团（八国集团的前身）G8 summit 八国峰会NACC=North Atlantic Cooperation Council 北大西洋合作理事会NATO=North Atlantic Treaty Organization 北大西洋公约组织NC=Nordic Council 北欧理事会OIC=Organization of the Islamic Conference 伊斯兰会议组织OSPAALA=Organization of Solidarity of the people of Africa, Asia and Latin American亚非拉人民团结组织WPC=World Peace Council 世界和平理事会South-South Conference 南南会议WEU=Western European Union 西欧联盟UNESCO=United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization 联合国教科文组织WHO=World Heath Organization 世界卫生组织IMF=International Monetary Fund 国际货币基金组织The people's Republic of China (P. R. China) 中华人民共和国Province (Hebei Province) 省Prefecture (Cangzhou Prefecture) 区Municipality (Beijing Municipality) 市City (Cangzhou City) 市County (Cangxian County) 县Autonomous 自治(Autonomous District [ Prefecture/ County]) Capital (Provincial Capital) 省会Communist Party of China 中国共产党National Party Congress 全国代表大会Fifteenth National Congress 第十五次全国代表大会(十五大)First Plenary Session 第一届中央全会(一中全会)Central Committee 中央委员会member of the Central Committee 中央委员alternate member of the Central Committee 候补中央委员Political Bureau 政治局member of the Political Bureau 政治局委员alternate member of the Political Bureau 政治局候补委员Standing Committee of the Political Bureau 政治局常务委员会member of the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau 政治局常委Secretariat of the Central Committee 中央书记处General Secretary 总书记Central Commission for Discipline Inspection 中央纪律检查委员会Military Commission of the Central Committee 中央军事委员会International Liaison Department 对外联络部Organization Department 组织部United Front Work Department 统战部Propaganda Department 宣传部State President 国家主席President of PRC 中华人民共和国主席Vice President of PRC 中华人民共和国副主席National People's Congress 全国人民代表大会Standing Committee 常务委员会Chairman 委员长Vice Chairpersons 副委员长Members of the NPC Standing Committee 常务委员会委员Central Military Committee 中央军事委员会Chairman 主席Vice Chairman 副主席CMC Members 委员Supreme People's Court 最高人民法院President 最高人民法院院长Supreme People's Procuratorate 最高人民检察院Procurator-General 最高人民检察院检察长State Council 国务院Premier 总理Vice Premier 副总理State Councillors 国务委员Ministry of Foreign Affairs 外交部Ministry of National Defense 国防部State Development Planning Commission 国家发展计划委员会State Economic and Trade Commission 国家经济贸易委员会Ministry of Education 教育部Ministry of Science and Technology 科学技术部Commission of Science, Technology and Industry for National Defense 国防科学技术工业委员会State Ethnic Affairs Commission 国家民族事务委员会Ministry of Public Security 公安部Ministry of State Security 安全部Ministry of Supervision 监察部Ministry of Civil Affairs 民政部Ministry of Justice 司法部Ministry of Finance 财政部Ministry of Personnel 人事部Ministry of Labor and Social Security 劳动和社会保障部Ministry of Land and Natural Resources 国土资源部Ministry of Construction 建设部Ministry of Railways 铁道部Ministry of Communications 交通部Ministry of Information Technology and Telecommunications 信息产业部Ministry of Water Resources 水利部Ministry of Agriculture 农业部Ministry of Foreign Trade and Economic Co-operation 对外贸易经济合作部Ministry of Culture 文化部Ministry of Health 卫生部State Family Planning Commission 国家计划生育委员会People's Bank of China 中国人民银行Auditing Administration 审计署Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference 中国人民政治协商会议National Committee 全国委员会Standing Committee 常务委员会Chairman 主席Vice-Chairpersons 副主席democratic party 民主党派Revolutionary Committee of the Kuomintang 中国国民党革命委员会（民革）China Democratic League 中国民主同盟（民盟）China Democratic National Construction Association 中国民主建国会（民建）China Association Promoting Democracy 中国民主促进会（民进）Chinese Peasants' and Workers' Democratic Party 中国农工民主党China Zhi Gong Dang 中国致公党Jiu San Society 九三学社Taiwan Democratic self-government 台湾民主自治同盟（台盟）people's organization 人民团体All-China Federation of Trade Unions 中华全国总工会（全总）Communist Youth League of China 中国共产主义青年团（共青团All-China Federation of Youth 中华全国青年联合会（全国青联）All-China Students' Federation 中华全国学生联合会（全国学联）China Young Pioneers 中国少年先锋队（少先队）All-China Women's Federation 中华全国妇女联合会（全国妇联）China Association for Science and Technology 中国科学技术协会（中国科协）China Federation of Literary and Art Circles 中国文学艺术界联合会（文联）All-China Federation of Returned Overseas Chinese 中华全国归国华侨联合会（全国侨联）China Welfare Institute 中国福利会Red Cross Society of China 中国红十字会Chinese People's Liberation Army 中国人民解放军Headquarters of the General Staff 总参谋部General Political Department 总政治部General Logistics Department 总后勤部General Armament Department 总装备部State Ethnic Affairs Commission 国家民族事务委员会。
英概unit3TheGovernmentofTheUnitedKingdom
Unit 3 The Government of The United Kingdom Questions for Thinking⏹What is Cabinet?⏹Talk about “Bill of Right of 1689”⏹What is the Constitution of Britain?Britain is arguably the oldest representative democracy in the world, with roots that can be traced over a thousand years. This long, unbroken history is still apparent in Britain’s current political institution and in its political culture.I The Monarchy(君主制）The oldest institution of government is the Monarchy (ruled by the king). This dates back to the Saxons who ruled from the 5th century AD until the Norman conquest in 1066. The Queen Elizabeth II, is directly descended from King Egbert. The power of the monarchy was largely derived from the ancient doctrine of the ―divine right of kings‖. While the king in theory had God on his side, in practice in medieval times it was thought that he should not exercise absolute power.Divine Right of KingsThis ancient doctrine held that the sovereign derived his authority from God, not from his subjects. This was used by the king as an excuse for abusing power. And the dispute over the power of the king and the parliament led to the civil war.The Civil W arCaused by a dispute over the power of the king against Parliament, the Civil War broke out in the 17th century. The Republican ―Roundheads‖, led by Oliver Cromwell, want to abolish the monarchy and to reassert the rights of Parliament. In 1642, the royalists were defeated and King Charles I was executed in 1649.Charles IHe was the King who ruled from 1625 to 1649. He insisted on the divine right of kings and therefore roused the protest from the Parliament. He was tried as a traitor to his country and executed.Magna CartaThis is a medieval Latin name meaning ―Great Charter‖. In 1215, King John was forced by a group of feudal barons and the church to grant them a charter of liberty and political rights. Magna Carta placed some limits on the king’s ability to abuse his royal power. This is still regarded asBritain’s key expression of the rights of citizens against the Crown.II The Birth and Development of the Parliament(1) The Great Council (大议会）--first established by William the Conqueror, only included the French aristocrats. Later, Kings needed money, so he began to summon feudal barons by name to borrow money.–the House of Lords(2) in 1236, the word ―Parliament‖ was first introduced. In the 13th century the Great Council was widened to include representatives of countries, cities and towns—the House of Commons. The Commons quickly gathered power in politics; they were willing to help the king raise taxes and pass laws, but in return they demand for an increasing say in the parliament. In 1407, Henry IV decreed that all money grants should be considered and approved by the Commons before being considered by the Lords. Besides, by the 15th century, the Commons also acquired law-making powers.The King or Queen met regularly with some important MPs (Members of Parliament) to ensure a good tie between the Monarch and the Parliament. This group of MPs were called the Cabinet(内阁). The MPs were appointed by the sovereignIn 1714, George I was borrowed to succeed the throne because the Queen Ann died without an heir. The King spoke badly English and had least interest in Politics, so he left the job of chairing the cabinet meeting to one of his ministers. In time he came to be called the prime minister.The Bill of Right of 1689In 1688, King James II’s daughter Mary and her husband William were invited by the politicians and church authorities to take the throne, on condition that they would respect the rights of Parliament. The Bill of Right was passed in 1689 to ensure that the King would never be able to ignore Parliament.III The Birth of the Prime Minister and CabinetCabinet--To ensure good relations between Crown and Parliament, the king or queen met regularly with a group of important parliamentarians, a group which became known as the Cabinet.Prime Minister–Members of Parliament (MPs) assembled themselves into group which eventually would become political parties, organized groups which presented their policies and ideas to the electorate for approval. The party with the most supporters in the Commons forms the government, and by tradition, the leader of that party becomes Prime Minister.The British Government TodayToday, Britain is both a parliamentary democracy and a constitutional monarchy. While the official head of state is the Queen, her powers are largely traditional and symbolic. The government at national and local levels is elected by the people and governs according to British constitutional principles.The ConstitutionBritain has no written Constitution. The foundations of the British state are laid out in statute law, which are the laws passed by Parliament; the common laws, which are laws which have been established through common practice in the courts; and conventions.Parliament Today –Functions and PowerTo pass lawsTo provide the means of carrying on the work of government by voting for taxation.To supervise or scrutinize government policy, administration and expenditureTo debate the major issues of the dayParliament is supreme in the British state because it alone has the power to change the terms of the Constitution.There are no legal restraints upon Parliament. It has to follow the common laws and acts according to precedent.The Roles of the MonarchThe primary role of the monarch today is to symbolize the tradition and unity of the British state. Other roles: being legally head of the executive, an integral part of the legislature, head of the judiciary, commander in chief of the armed forces and ―supreme governor‖ of the Church of England.The Queen also acts as a confidante to the Prime Minister, offering valuable observations on the running of the government.The House of LordsThe House of Lords consists of the Lords Spiritual and the Lords Temporal. The lords mainly represent themselves instead of the interests of the public.The roles of the House of LordsReceiving no salary though can enjoy a small allowance for each day of attendance.Are not electedFew attending the parliament sittingsRepresenting their own interestsThe House of CommonsThe House of Commons is the real center of British political life because it is the place where about 650 elected representatives (Members of Parliament) make and debate policy. These MPs are elected in the General Elections and should represent the interests of the people who vote for them.The Roles of The House of CommonsReceiving salaryAre electedRepresenting the public interest of the electorateMost MPs belong to a particular party。
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10 Downing Street
• The Prime Minister lives and works at 10 Downing Street • Known in the UK as “Number 10” • This is one of the most famous addresses in the Western world
Palace of Westminster
• Parliament meets here • Notice the River Thames • The Palace has been reconstructed. It was destroyed by fire and hit 14 times by German bombs in WWII.
Windsor Castle
• The Queen lives and works in Windsor Castle and Buckingham Palace • She meets with the Prime Minister once a week • The Queen spends her summers at Balmoral Castle in Aberdeenshire, Scotland
Functions of the House of Commons
1. Makes the laws of the UK 2. Scrutinizes the Prime Minister and his/her cabinet. The House of Commons can pass a Motion of No Confidence which forces the Prime Minster and the Cabinet to resign immediately. 3. Influences policy through debates and questions
Parliament – the Legislative Branch
• House of Commons
– “The Lower House” – All Members of Parliament or “MPs” are democratically elected – Makes all the laws and is the center of parliamentary power – Consists of 650 MPs
United Kingdom Government and the Commonwealth
What kind of government does the UK have?
• Parliamentary democracy and a constitutional monarchy
– The monarch is central figure in the UK. However, the monarchy is symbolic and has no political power. – The Parliament has all the political power and runs the country.
What is a democracy?
• The term comes from the Greek word “democratia” meaning “rule of the people” • Generally it means:
– A political system for choosing and replacing the government through free and fair elections – The participation of citizens in politics and civic life
• House of Lords
– “The Upper House” – Historically made up of leaders of the Church of England and important land owners (not democratic) – Being reformed – Right now, the House of Lords has very little power
Queen Elizabeth II
• Fulfills ceremonial and formal duties in the government • Must remain strictly neutral on political matters. • Has been Queen since 1952 (59 years)
• Most powerful political leader in the UK • Leader of the Executive Branch of Government • Leader of the majority party in Parliament • Elected in May 2010
Parliamentary Democracy
• The UK is called a “Parliamentary democracy” because the lawmakers in the Parliament are elected by the citizens of the UK.
of House of Commons from
Three Branches of Government
Legislative
Executive Judicial
• Makes the laws
• Administers and carries out the laws
• Interprets and applies the laws
Prime Minister David Cameron