动词不定式

语法：动词不定式【教材典句】Cindy wanted to paint a picture of the park near her home. 辛迪想画一幅他家附近公园的图画。

Annie taught Tim to sing beautiful songs.They went to the hospital to help the sick children.【语法全解】动词不定式是非谓语动词的一种。

基本形式是“to+动词原形”，否定形式为“not to+动词原形”（有时可省to）。

不定式在句中可充当主语、宾语、宾语的补足语、表语、定语和状语。

一、不定式作宾语▲以下动词直接接不定式做宾语：基本结构：动词+ 不定式want, would like, promise, offer, plan, manage, choose, agree，refuse, forget, try, expect, hope, decide, learn, need, prefer, begin, start, wish.例：We decided to talk to our teacher.He prefers to eat white bread and rice.He agreed to go with me.巧学妙计：接动词不定式作宾语的常考动词想要拒绝莫忘记（want, refuse, forget）需要努力就学习（need, try, learn）喜欢同意加帮助（like, agree, help）希望决定后开始（hope, decide, begin, start）拓展：1. 当宾语的不定式后面跟有宾语补足语时，通常用形式宾语it 代替不定式，从而把真正宾语----不定式后置。

句子结构是：主语＋feel / find / make / ... it + adj / n + to do...常考谓语动词：find, think, make, believe例如：I find it difficult to remember everything.I think it impossible to finish the work in such a short time.2. 当两个或两个以上的不定式连用时，后面的不定式往往省略to.例如：He began to read and write after dinner.▲以下动词接不定式或动名词意思完全不同stop to do stop doingforget to do sth forget doing sthremember to do sth remember doing sthtry to do sth try doing sth二、不定式作宾语补足语▲以下动词要加一个代词或名词再接不定式，充当宾语补足语。

基本结构：动词+ 宾语（名词/ 代词）+ 不定式要求允许提议警告（ask, allow, advise，warn），期望邀请鼓励（expect, invite, encourage），教导告诉想要（teach, tell, want），希望愿意（wish, would like）注意：help可接to也可不接to -----help sb to do sth. = help sb. do sth.例如：I invited her to have dinner at my house.My mum asks me not to talk with strangers.Our teacher taught us to play the piano.拓展：▲以下动词+宾语+省略to不定式(动原)（三使役，make/ let/have五感官feel/ hear/ notice/ see/ watch）1. 使役动词have, let, make2. 感官动词see, watch, hear, feel, notice3. 以上动词在被动语态中应还原to.如：This picture makes me feel happy./The workers are made to work day and night.I always see Lucy dance in her room.She was heard to play the piano in her room.▲★注意：(1) 区别：have sb do 叫某人做，have sth done 某事被做(2) 表示感官的动词后既用不带to的动词不定式又用现在分词的句型。

用不带to的动词不定式强调动作的完成过程；用现在分词强调动作正在进行。

1）hear sb do /doing sth. 听见某人做某事听见某人正在做某事2）see sb do /doing sth. 看见某人做某事看见某人正在做某事3）watch sb do /doing sth. 观察某人做某事观察某人正在做某事4) notice sb do /doing sth.注意到某人做某事注意到某人正在做某事三、不定式做表语动词不定式作表语，常用在be动词及seem等词之后，构成系表结构。

说明主语的内容、性质、特征。

例如：The best way to find him is to call the police at once.My job is to teach children English.She seems to be very tired.例. The first important thing is to save the soldiers' lives．当务之急是抢救战士们的生命。

四. 不定式作定语规律：动词不定式若在句中作定语，常放在被修饰的名词、代词之后。

e.g.：I have a lot of work to do．I want something delicious to eat ．★注意：如果动词不定式和前面所修饰的词构成动宾关系，若动词是不及物动词，切记不要忘掉介词。

例: I have a small bedroom to live in．Can you give me some pens to write with？五. 不定式作状语* 目的状语：放在go，come，in order, so as等词后面。

例：I come to see you．He runs fast in order\so as to get there in time．★不定式做状语表目的, 放在go，come，in order, so as等词后面。

如: Bob goes jogging every day to keep fit. 为了保持健康，Bob每天都慢跑。

I come to see you. He runs fast in order/ so as to get there in time.★不定式也可以放在句首，要用逗号隔开。

如：To raise money for the victims of the earthquake, the students held a charity fair last week. ★动词不定式做目的状语经常与in order to/ so as to 互换。

如：He wore sunglasses to protect his eyes from the strong sunlight. = He wore sunglasses in order to protect his eyes from the strong sunlight.（培优班）*原因状语: 能带不定式作状语的形容词glad , happy , pleased , angry , clever , careful , surprised , lucky ,ready ,sorry, amazed , afraid ,sad , unhappy , sure , free ,kind, nice , worried , easy , excited例：I am glad to see you here．/ I am sorry to trouble you．* 结果状语: 常用在enough to 和too…to… 等结构中。

例：Some of the apples are hard to reach．The room is large enough to hold 1000 people．He is too old to walk.六．不定式作主语（复习）例：To learn English is interesting. / To live a healthy life is important.▲不定式做主语时，谓语动词用单数。

当不定式较长时，为了使句子结构平衡，我们用it作形式主语，把不定式短语放后面。

如：It is interesting to learn English. / It is important to live a healthy life.▲若不定式有逻辑主语，应用不定式的复合结构“for / of sb. to do sth”。

of前面的形容词是修饰人careful, clever, foolish, good, kind, nice, wise等.for前面的形容词是修饰事物dangerous, difficult, easy, hard, heavy, important, interesting, necessary, possible, impossible等.例：1.It’s difficult for me work out the problem by myself.2 .It’s kind of you to help me.必备句型：It’s+ adj +(of/ for sb) to do sth.It takes/ took sb(时间金钱) to do sth.It’s time (for sb) to do sth.七．疑问词+不定式短语: what/who/whose/when/where/how…+to do的结构可以作宾语、宾语补足语、主语等。

如：What to have for supper is still a question.（主语）I don’t know how to study English well．（宾语）He taught us how to use the computer．（宾补）注意区别：what to do/ how to do it.八. 常考固定句型It’s + adj.+(for sb.) to do sth. 做某事（对某人来说）怎么样It’s +adj. +(of sb.) to do sth. 某人做某事怎么样It takes sb. some time to do sth. 做某事花费某人多长时间It’s time (for sb.) to do sth. 是某人做某事的时候了Sth. is hard/difficult/easy to do 做好某事很难/容易too+adj./adv. (for sb.) to do sth. =not…enough to do (对于某人来说)太……以致不能做……prefer to do sth. rather than do sth. 宁愿做某事而不愿做某事something to eat/drink 一些吃/喝的东西try/do one’s best to do sth. 尽力去做某事be glad/happy to do sth. 高兴去做某事be/get ready to do sth.准备做某事be sorry to do sth. 对做某事感到抱歉be surprised to do sth. 对做某事感到惊奇can’t wait to do st h. 迫不急待地去做某事take turns to do sth. 轮流做某事be frightened to do sth. =be afraid to do sth.害怕去做某事课堂练习一．选择题1. The children decide their school yard this Friday afternoon.A. cleanB. to cleanC. cleaningD. cleaned2. He lost his key. It made him in the cold to wait fro his wife’s return.A. to stayB. stayedC. staysD. stay3. I think it important ________ English well.A. learningB. learnC. to learnD. learned4. The funny story makes us ________.A. laughB. laughingC. to laughD. laughed5. Our teacher told us ________.A. to workB. workingC. workedD. work6. Could you tell me ________ this word?A. to how redB. how to readC. how readD. how read to7. Remember ________ late for class again.A. not toB. not to beC. to be notD. be not to8. It often takes me half an hour ________ home.A. walkingB. to walkC. walkedD. walk9. Don’t forget ________ her clean water every day.A. to giveB. givingC. givenD. give10. I don’t know ________ the meeting.A. where to haveB. where haveC. where willD. where having11. ---How about ________ in the river with us?---Sorry I can’t. My parents often tell me ________ that.A. swim, don’t doB. swim, to doC. swimming, not doD. swimming, not to do12. ---What did you see just now?---I saw two ________ doctors ________ out of the house.A. woman, comeB. woman, cameC. women, comingD. women, to come13. Do you still remember ________?A. that he saidB. what he saidC. did he say thatD. what did he say14. He asked me ________ here earlier.A. comeB. to comeC. comingD. came15. Please tell him _______ on the wall.A. don’t drawB. to not drawC. not to drawD. not draw16. He wanted ________ a cup of tea.A. to haveB. havingC. haveD. had17. I’d like ________ a word with you.A. hadB. havingC. to haveD. have18. I came here _______ my uncle.A. sawB. to seeC. seeingD. to be seen19. The man refused （拒绝）________ back his words.A. to takeB. takingC. tookD. takes20. I can let you ________ one ticket.A. to haveB. haveC. havingD. had21. We often heard him _________ in his room.A. to singB. singsC. sangD. sing22. He was made ________ day and night.A. workB. workingC. to workD. worked23. He stopped ______ a look, but saw nothing.A. havingB. to haveC. haveD. had24. My father was too angry _________ a word.A. to sayB. not to sayC. to sayingD. didn’t say25. My brother was old enough ________ to school.A. wentB. goesC. goingD. to go课后作业一．选择题。