2013年中考模拟试题
2013甘肃兰州中考试题:英语真题
2013年兰州市初中毕业⽣学业考试英语(A)注意事项:1.全卷共150分,考试时间120分钟。
2.考⽣必须将姓名、准考证号、考场、座位号等个⼈信息填(涂)写在答题卡上。
3.考⽣务必将答案直接填(涂)写在答题卡的相应位置。
第⼀卷(选择题共80分)⼀、听⼒理解(分四⼩节,共20⼩题;每⼩题1分,满分20分)第⼀节:信息选择。
听下⾯5个句⼦,从A、B、C三个选项中选出你所听到的信息。
每个句⼦读两遍。
现在你有20秒钟时间浏览每个⼩题。
1.A. creative B. active C. native2.A. south B. north C. west3. A. downstairs B. upstairs C. upside down第⼆节:情景反应。
听下⾯5个句⼦,从A、B、C三个选项中选择⼀个恰当的应答语。
每个句⼦读两遍。
现在你有20秒钟时间浏览各个选项。
6.A. It’s June 18th. B. It’s Tuesday. C. It’s 2013.7.A. See you. B. Speaking, please. C. I’d love to.8.A. My pleasure. B. All right. C. That’s all right.9.A. Oh, dear! B. Of course not. C. That’s nice.10.A. Just a little. B. I’ve got a pain here. C. I hope not.第三节:对话理解。
听下⾯5⼩段对话和问题,根据你所听到的内容,从A、B、C三个选项中选出⼀个能恰当回答所提问题的选项。
每段对话读两遍。
现在你有20秒钟时间浏览各个选项。
11.A. To turn down the radio. B. To turn off the radio. C. To turn up the radio.12.A. At 8:00. B. At 8:10. C. At 8:20.13. A. Windy. B. Rainy. C. Sunny.14. A. She’s a nurse. B. She’s a teacher. C. She’s a doctor.15. A. Beside the supermarket. B. Across from the supermarket. C. In the supermarket.第四节:短⽂理解。
江苏省南京市各区2013年中考一模英语试题及答案
2013年中考第一次模拟测试试题英语(满分96分,考试时间120分钟)选择题(共45分)(将答案按序号填在答卷纸上............)一、单项填空(共15小题,每小题1分,满分15分)从A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
1. —Does the boy usually have breakfast out?—Yes. But today he got up very early and had good breakfast at home.A. /; aB. the; anC. /; anD. the; a2. —When did Li Mei begin to learn English?—At the age of six, she began teaching English.A. herB. hersC. herselfD. she3. —I left my keys in the room yesterday. I had to get in the window.—Oh, it’s dangerous to do that.A. toB. throughC. overD. across4. — What will happen if the pollution is getting worse?— Of course, there will be healthy food.A. fewerB. lessC. muchD. more5. —Do you often go to the Youth Centre?—I , but I have no time now.A. use to goB. used to goingC. am used to goD. used to go6. — Will you please stay for lunch?— Sorry, I . My mother wants me to go back home now.A. needn’tB. can’tC. shouldn’tD. mustn’t7. The light rail from Luhe to Nanjing _______ in 2014. It’ll take less time to Nanjing.A. will completeB. is being completedC. was completedD. will be completed8. —Does David love playing basketball?—Yes. He plays basketball almost every day it rains heavi ly.A. whetherB. ifC. unlessD. as9. Jenny likes her new classmates because she thinks they are .A. politelyB. friendlyC. softlyD. nicely10. — Are you a volleyball player in your school?—Yes, I the team a year ago and I on the team for a year.A. have joined; have beenB. was joined; amC. joined; wasD. joined; have been11. —Excuse me, could you tell me ?—Sure. There’s a good restaurant on Four th Street.A. where I can post lettersB. what movie I can see hereC. if there’s a good place to eat inD. how I get to the bus station12. I’d like to do some voluntary work for the poor students in our town. I think it willbe a meaningful .A. experimentB. lessonC. experienceD. knowledge13. —David, your shoes are in a mess. You should in the boxes.—OK! Mum, I will do it at once.A. put them onB. put them upC. put them outD. put them away14. — Which would you like, an apple or an orange?—of them is OK. I think of them are delicious.A. Either; bothB. Neither; bothC. Either; allD. All; either15. —Would you like me to help you with the housework?—.A. That’s very kind of youB. Not at allC. You’re welcomeD. T hat’s a good idea二、完形填空(共10小题,每小题1分,满分10分)阅读下面短文,从短文后所给各题的四个选项(A、B、C、D)中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
第6、7课:第二次世界大战——2013年中考试题精选选择题
(2013·株洲市)1.“二战”的胜利是包括中国在内的世界各国人民共同斗争的结果。
下列哪一事件标志着世界反法西斯同盟的正式建立:A.《联合国家宣言》的签署 B.欧洲第二战场的开辟C.雅尔塔会议的召开 D.《波茨坦公告》的发表(2013·云南德宏州)2.国际反法西斯同盟正式形成的标志是A.《凡尔赛合约》的签订 B.《联合国家宣言》的签署C.《雅尔塔协定》的签订 D.《联合国宪章》的通过(2013·玉溪市)3.20世纪人类爆发了两次世界性的战争,下列发生在期间的重大事件,按先后顺序排列正确的是(A)①日本偷袭珍珠港②诺曼底登陆③斯大林格勒战役④凡尔登战役A.④①③② B.①②③④C.②③①④D.③②④①(2013·徐州市)4.右图,硝烟中飘扬着一面残破的美国国旗。
画面上有点明主题的文字“REMEMBER DEC.7th!”,意思是“记住l2月7日!”这张海报提醒美国人民不要忘记的历史事件是A.美国独立战争爆发 B.德国突袭波兰C.苏德战争爆发D.日本偷袭珍珠港(2013·泰州市)5.二战期间,为了对付共同的敌人法西斯,遭受侵略的国家不断加强联合,逐步形成了A.三国同盟B.国际反法西斯联盟C.三国协约D.欧洲共同体6.1943年3月,罗斯福在致斯大林的一封贺信中写道:“是你们制止了侵略浪潮,成为盟军反侵略战争的转折点。
”这个“转折点”是指A.凡尔登战役B.斯大林格勒战役C.台儿庄战役D.百团大战(2013·山西省)7.第二次世界大战是一场规模空前的反法西斯战争,以法西斯势力的彻底失败而告终。
下列史实与结论的搭配,哪一项是法西斯彻底失败的主要原因(D)A.斯大林格勒战役——二战的转折点B.诺曼底登陆——欧洲第二战场的开辟C.雅尔塔会议——协调了盟国战胜德日法西斯的步伐D.《联合国家宣言》发表——正义力量的联合(2013·内蒙古自治区包头市)8.“为了共同的利益,不同社会制度的国家可以在特殊的历史条件下结成同盟。
【中考模拟英语听力】2013年北京市顺义区中考二模(含录音稿)
顺义区2013届第二次统一检测初三英语试题2013.5 学校__________________ 姓名_____________ 考号_________________考生须知1. 本试卷共12页,满分120分,考试时间120分钟。
2. 在试卷和答题卡上准确填写学校名称、姓名和考号。
3. 试题答案一律填涂或书写在答题卡上,在试卷上作答无效。
4. 在答题卡上,选择题用2B铅笔作答,其他试题用黑色字迹签字笔作答。
5. 考试结束,请将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
听力理解(共26分)一、听对话,从下面各题所给的A、B、C三幅图片中选择与对话内容相符的图片。
每段对话你将听两遍。
(共4分,每小题1分)1.A B. C.2.A. B. C.3.A. B. C.4.A. B. C.二、听对话或独白,根据对话或独白内容,从下面各题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选择最佳选项。
每段对话或独白你将听两遍。
(共12分,每小题1分)请听一段对话,完成第5至第6小题。
5. Where are the two speakers?A. At home.B. In an office.C. In a restaurant.6. What will the woman do first?A. Have supper.B. Make a call.C. Meet Henry.请听一段对话,完成第7至第8小题。
7. What time did the woman call Tom?A. At 7:00 this morning.B. At 7:00 yesterday evening.C. At 7:00 last morning.8. What did the man do last night?A. Had the piano lesson.B. Went to a concert.C. Sang in the theatre.请听一段对话,完成第9至第10小题。
12年中考语文模拟试卷和答案
2012-2013学年度年第二学期第一次月考试题九年级语文一 .综合运用(30分)1.下列词语中加点字的读音完全正确的一项是(3分)A.颁发(bān)绮丽(qí)不屈不挠(náo)21世纪教育网B.哺育(bǔ)粗狂(guǎng)刚正不阿(ē)C.猝然(cù)侥幸(jiǎo)称心如意(chèng)D.干涸(kū)参差(cēn)杳无音信(yǎo)2.下列词语书写完全正确的一项是(3分)A 琐屑铿锵人迹罕至锋芒毕露B.嘻戏谰言粗制烂造吹毛求疵C.销蚀诘问一泄千里根深谛固D.阔绰阴晦冥思暇想相形见绌3.下列句子中没有语病的一项是(3分)A.郴州市第六次人口普查结果显示:桂东县常住人口数量比桂阳县少两倍。
B.阅读课上,我们讨论并阅读了高尔基的《童年》,感触很多。
C.当我们登上苏仙岭的顶峰时,我们有一种心旷神怡的感觉。
D.青年女教师张丽莉舍身勇救学生的事迹报道后,人们无时无刻不关注着她的身体恢复情况。
4.下列句子中加点成语或俗语使用有误的一项是(3分)A.以前的科幻电影中的许多设想,当时看起来是不可思议的,现在却不断变为现实。
B.与他人交往时,要站在对方的立场上,身临其境地为对方着想,不能只顾自己。
C.常言道,独木不成林,一花难成春。
一个人再能干,离开了集体也做不成大事。
D.村民依靠当地的水库资源发展养殖业,走上致富路,真是“一方水土养一方人”。
1.根据课文默写古诗文。
(10分)(1)乱花渐欲迷人眼,。
(白居易《钱塘湖春行》)(2) ,雪拥蓝关马不前。
(韩愈《左迁至蓝关示侄孙湘》)(3)苟全性命于乱世,。
( 诸葛亮《出师表》)(4)《山坡羊?潼关怀古》中描写潼关地势险峻的句子是_______________、______________、___________________。
(3分)2.根据拼音写汉字。
(4分)(1)就这句话,让贾里máo sè dùn kāi()。
2013年数学中考汇编-四边形综合
2013年中考数学模拟试题汇编 四边形综合题一、选择题1. 如图,四边形ABCD 中,AC =a ,BD =b ,且AC 丄BD ,顺次连接四边形ABCD 各边中点,得到四边形A 1B 1C 1D 1,再顺次连接四边形A 1B 1C 1D 1各边中点,得到四边形A 2B 2C 2D 2…,如此进行下去,得到四边形A n B n C n D n .下列结论正确的有( ) ①四边形A 2B 2C 2D 2是矩形; ②四边形A 4B 4C 4D 4是菱形;③四边形A 5B 5C 5D 5的周长是4a b+ ④四边形A n B n C n D n 的面积是12n ab+.A 、①②B 、②③C 、②③④D 、①②③④2.如图,在平行四边形 ABCD 中(AB≠BC),直线EF 经过其对角线的交点O,且分别交AD 、BC 于点M 、 N ,交BA 、DC 的延长线于点E 、F ,下列结论: ①AO=BO;②OE=OF; ③△EAM∽△EBN; ④△EAO≌△CNO,其中正确的是A. ①②B. ②③C. ②④D.③④9题图B3. 如图,正方形ABCD 中,AB =6,点E 在边CD 上,且CD =3DE .将△ADE 沿AE 对折至△AFE ,延长EF 交边BC 于点G ,连结AG 、CF .下列结论:①△ABG ≌△AFG ;②BG =GC ;③AG ∥CF ;④S △FGC =3.其中正确结论的个数是( )A .1B .2C .3D .44. 己知直角梯形ABCD 中,AD∥BC.∠BCD=90°,BC=CD=2AD ,E 、F 分别是BC 、CD 边的中点.连接BF 、DF 交于点P .连接CP 并延长交AB 于点Q ,连揍AF ,则下列结论不正确...的是( ). A .CP 平分∠BCDB .四边形ABED 为平行四边形C ,CQ 将直角梯形ABCD 分为面积相等的两部分 D .△A BF 为等腰三角形5.如图,在平行四边形ABCD 中,E 为AB 的中点,F 为AD 上一点,EF 交AC 于G ,AF=2cm ,DF=4cm ,AG=3cm ,则AC 的长为( )A 、9cmB 、14cmC 、15cmD 、18cm6.下列四边形中,对角线相等且互相垂直平分的是( ) A 、平行四边形 B 、正方形 C 、等腰梯形 D 、矩形ABC D FE G10题图8.如图,在正方形ABCD中,点O为对角线AC的中点,过点O作射线OM、ON分别交AB、BC于点E、F,且∠EOF=90°,BO、EF交于点P.则下列结论中:(1)图形中全等的三角形只有两对;(2)正方形ABCD的面积等于四边形OEBF面积的4倍;(3)BE+BF=2OA;(4)AE2+CF2=2OP•OB,正确的结论有()个.A、1B、2C、3D、49.)A、6B、12C、D、二、填空题1.把一张矩形纸片ABCD按如图方式折叠,使顶点B和顶点D重合,折痕为EF.若BF=4,FC=2,则∠DEF的度数是60 °.2. 1.已知正方形ABCD,以CD为边作等边△CDE,则∠AED的度数是3. 如图,在四边形ABCD中,∠A=90°,AD=4,连接BD,BD⊥CD,∠ADB=∠C.若P是BC 边上一动点,则DP长的最小值为 4 .三、解答题1. 如图,在梯形ABCD中,AD∥BC,AB=DC,过点D作DE⊥BC,垂足为E,并延长DE至F,使EF=DE.连接BF、CD、AC.(1)求证:四边形ABFC是平行四边形;(2)如果DE2=BE•CE,求证四边形ABFC是矩形.2.如图5所示,在菱形ABCD中,∠ABC=60°,DE∥AC交BC的延长线于点E.求证:DE=12BE.EDCBA3.如图,梯形ABCD中,AD∥BC,∠DCB=45°,CD=2,BD⊥CD.过点C作CE⊥AB于E,交对角线BD于F,点G为BC中点,连接EG、AF.(1)求EG的长;(2)求证:CF=AB+AF.AB EGCDF24题图图54. 如图,四边形ABCD 是矩形,直线l 垂直平分线段AC ,垂足为O ,直线l 分别与线段AD 、CB 的延长线交于点E 、F .(1)△ABC 与△FOA 相似吗?为什么? (2)试判定四边形AFCE 的形状,并说明理由.5. 如图,矩形ABCD 中,AB =6,BC点O 是AB 的中点,点P 在AB 的延长线上,且BP =3.一动点E 从O 点出发,以每秒1个单位长度的速度沿OA 匀速运动,到达A 点后,立即以原速度沿AO 返回;另一动点F 从P 点发发,以每秒1个单位长度的速度沿射线PA 匀速运动,点E 、F 同时出发,当两点相遇时停止运动,在点E 、F 的运动过程中,以EF 为边作等边△EFG ,使△EFG 和矩形ABCD 在射线PA 的同侧.设运动的时间为t 秒(t ≥0). (1)当等边△EFG 的边FG 恰好经过点C 时,求运动时间t 的值;(2)在整个运动过程中,设等边△EFG 和矩形ABCD 重叠部分的面积为S ,请直接写出S 与t 之间的函数关系式和相应的自变量t 的取值范围;(3)设EG 与矩形ABCD 的对角线AC 的交点为H ,是否存在这样的t ,使△AOH 是等腰三角形?若存大,求出对应的t 的值;若不存在,请说明理由.AD26题图6.(1)如图①,在正方形ABCD中,△AEF的顶点E,F分别在BC,CD边上,高AG与正方形的边长相等,求∠EAF的度数.(2)如图②,在Rt△ABD中,∠BAD=90°,AB=AD,点M,N是BD边上的任意两点,且∠MAN=45°,将△ABM绕点A逆时针旋转90°至△ADH位置,连接NH,试判断MN,ND,DH之间的数量关系,并说明理由.(3)在图①中,连接BD分别交AE,AF于点M,N,若EG=4,GF=6,BM=32,求AG,MN的长.7.如图所示,在梯形ABCD中,AD∥BC,AB=AD,∠BAD的平分线AE交BC于点E,连接DE.(1)求证:四边形ABED是菱形;(2)若∠ABC=60°,CE=2BE,试判断△CDE的形状,并说明理由.8.如图,在△ABC中,∠ACB=90°,BC的垂直平分线DE交BC于D,交AB于E,F在DE上,且AF=CE=AE.(1)说明四边形ACEF是平行四边形;(2)当∠B满足什么条件时,四边形ACEF是菱形,并说明理由.9.如图,已知矩形ABCD的两条对角线相交于O,∠ACB=30°,AB=2.(1)求AC的长.(2)求∠AOB的度数.(3)以OB、OC为邻边作菱形OBEC,求菱形OBEC的面积.11.如图,在□ABCD中,E、F分别为边AB、CD的中点,BD是对角线,过点A作AG∥DB交CB的延长线于点G.(1)求证:DE∥BF;(2)若∠G=90°,求证:四边形DEBF是菱形.12.以四边形ABCD的边AB.BC.CD.DA为斜边分别向外侧作等腰直角三角形,直角顶点分别为E.F.G.H,顺次连接这四个点,得四边形EFGH.(1)如图1,当四边形ABCD为正方形时,我们发现四边形EFGH是正方形;如图2,当四边形ABCD为矩形时,请判断:四边形EFGH的形状(不要求证明);(2)如图3,当四边形ABCD为一般平行四边形时,设∠ADC=α(0°<α<90°),①试用含α的代数式表示∠HAE;②求证:HE=HG;③四边形EFGH是什么四边形?并说明理由.13.如图,在▱ABCD中,E为BC的中点,连接DE.延长DE交AB的延长线于点F.求证:AB=BF.14.如图,点G是正方形ABCD对角线CA的延长线上任意一点,以线段AG为边作一个正方形AEFG,线段EB和GD相交于点H.(1)求证:EB=GD;(2)判断EB与GD的位置关系,并说明理由;(3)若AB=2,AG=2,求EB的长.15.如图,在△ABC中,∠ACB=90°,BC的垂直平分线DE交BC于D,交AB于E,F在DE 上,且AF=CE=AE.(1)说明四边形ACEF是平行四边形;(2)当∠B满足什么条件时,四边形ACEF是菱形,并说明理由.16.如图,在菱形ABCD中,∠A=60°,点P、Q分别在边AB、BC上,且AP=BQ.(1)求证:△BDQ≌△ADP;(2)已知AD=3,AP=2,求cos∠BPQ的值(结果保留根号).17.如图,四边形ABCD是平行四边形,AC是对角线,BE⊥AC,垂足为E,DF⊥AC,垂足为F.求证:DF=BE.18.在正方形ABCD的边AB上任取一点E,作EF⊥AB交BD于点F,取FD的中点G,连接EG、CG,如图(1),易证EG=CG且EG⊥CG.19.在△ABC中,AB=2,AC=4,BC=2,以AB为边向△ABC外作△ABD,使△ABD为等腰直角三角形,求线段CD的长.20.如图,在一方形ABCD中.E为对角线AC上一点,连接EB、ED,(1)求证:△BEC≌△DEC:(2)延长BE交AD于点F,若∠DEB=140°.求∠AFE的度数.21.如图.矩形ABCD的对角线相交于点0.DE∥AC,CE∥BD.(1)求证:四边形OCED是菱形;(2)若∠ACB=30°,菱形OCED的而积为AC的长.22.矩形、菱形、正方形都是平行四边形,但它们都是有特殊条件的平行四边形,正方形不仅是特殊的矩形,也是特殊的菱形.因此,我们可利用矩形、菱形的性质来研究正方形的有关问题.回答下列问题:(1)将平行四边形、矩形、菱形、正方形填入它们的包含关系的下图中.(2)要证明一个四边形是正方形,可先证明四边形是矩形,再证明这个矩形的相等;或者先证明四边形是菱形,在证明这个菱形有一个角是.(3)某同学根据菱形面积计算公式推导出对角线长为a的正方形面积是S=0.5a2,对此结论,你认为是否正确?若正确,请说明理由;若不正确,请举出一个反例说明.23. 把一张矩形ABCD 纸片按如图方式折叠,使点A 与点E 重合,点C 与点F 重合(E 、F两点均在BD 上),折痕分别为BH 、DG 。
2013中考英语模拟试卷一
2012年5月九年级英语试题听力部分(共25分)I. 听句子,选出与句子内容相符的图片,其中有一项是多余的。
(每小题1分,共5分)A B CD E F1. 2. 3. 4. 5.Ⅱ. 听句子,从A 、B 、C 三个选项中选出能回答问题的最佳选项。
(每小题1分,共5分) 6. A. For two hours. B. In two hours. C. Once a week.7.A. You’re welcome. B. Good idea. C. Don’t worry.8. A. Never. B. I like music. C. Music that I can dance to. 9. A. I am David. B. Who are you? C. Speaking .10.A. No, thanks. B. I hope so. C. Sure. Here you are.III.听对话,从题中所给的A 、B 、C 三个选项中选出能回答问题的最佳选项。
(每小题1分,共5分) 11.A. By working with friends.B. By listening to tapes.C. By reading the textbook. 12. A. Two. B. Three. C. Five.13. A. Because it is too noisy. B. Because she is sleeping. C. Because it was in the evening. 14. A. He is very glad to take a photo for the woman.B. He thinks the view is not so great.C. He hasn ’t had his camera with him.15.A. At a bus stop. B. In a park. C. At a train station.IV. 听长对话,从题中所给的A 、B 、C 三个选项中选出能回答问题的最佳选项。
2013年山东省济南市中考物理试题(含答案)
山东省济南市2013年中考物理试卷一、单项选择题.(每小题2分,共22分)在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一个是符合题意的。
1.(2分)(2013•济南)下列各种物质微粒中,空间尺寸最小的是()A.分子B.原子C.原子核D.夸克考点:从微观到宏观的尺度.专题:粒子与宇宙、材料世界.分析:物质是由分子组成的,分子是由原子组成的,原子是由原子核和核外电子组成的,原子核又是由质子和中子组成的,质子和中子是由更小的微粒夸克组成的.解答:解:按照物质的组成,尺度排列由大到小是:分子、原子、原子核、质子(中子)、夸克,因此最小的是夸克.故选D.点评:本题考查了物质的微观结构,准确的掌握构成物质的各种微粒之间的关系是解答本题的关键.2.(2分)(2013•济南)电视机的遥控器用红外线来传递信息,实现对电视机的控制,如图所示,不把遥控器对准电视机的控制窗口,按一下按纽,有时也可以控制电视机这是利用了()A.光的直线传播B.光的反射C.光的折射D.光的色散考点:红外线.专题:应用题.分析:红外线是一种看不见的光,它也遵循光的直线传播和反射规律,在现实生活中有实际的应用.解答:解:遥控器发出的红外线,它会以光波的形式直线传播,并且可以发生反射,有时遥控器并没有对准电视机的控制窗口,而是沿某一合适的方向对准墙壁按下按钮,也可以控制电视机,这是利用了光的反射.故选B.点评:此题主要考查红外线的应用,看不见的光也是需要掌握的知识,属于基础题,同时还考查了光学知识在生产和生活中的应用,知识得到学以致用,可以加深对知识的理解和提高学习的兴趣.3.(2分)(2013•济南)1648年,帕斯卡曾做过一个著名的实验,如图所示,在装满水的密闭木桶的桶盖上,插入一根细长的管子,然后在楼房阳台上向细管子里灌水,结果只有几杯水就把木桶压裂了.该实验说明影响水产生压强大小的因素是()A.水的深度B.水的体积C.水的质量D.水的密度考点:液体的压强的特点.专题:压强、液体的压强.分析:掌握影响液体压强的因素:液体的密度和液体的深度.根据实验情景结合影响压强的因素进行分析.解答:解:液体压强与液体的密度和深度有关,由帕斯卡做的实验知,由于虽然管很细,但由于高度很大,水的深度大,而使水产生了很大的压强,所以该实验说明影响水产生压强大小的因素是水的深度.故选A.点评:此题通过对实验情景的分析考查了影响液体压强的因素,注意分析的方法,是一道基础性题目.4.(2分)(2013•济南)泉城四季,风景迥异.无论是一朵花、一个麦穗,还是一粒沙、一片雪花…世间万物皆由大量分子组成.下列现象能说明分子在永不停息运动的是()A.春:微风拂过,花香袭人B.夏:暖风阵阵,麦浪翻滚C.秋:狂风乍起,黄沙漫天D.冬:寒风凛冽,漫天飞雪考点:分子的运动.专题:分子热运动、内能.分析:(1)物质是由大量分子组成的,组成物质的分子永不停息地做无规则的运动,扩散现象证明分子作无规则的运动.(2)在物理学中,把物体位置的变化叫机械运动.解答:解:分子运动属于扩散现象,是肉眼看不见的运动,机械运动是物体的运动,是宏观上的运动,是看的见的运动;B、C、D选项中的现象都是肉眼看的见的运动,属于机械运动.而香气扑鼻是微观上的分子运动,属于扩散现象.故选A.点评:本题主要考查学生对:扩散现象的认识,以及对分子运动和机械运动区别的了解和掌握,是一道基础题.5.(2分)(2013•济南)如图所示是一些与用电安全相关的现象,其中符合安全用电原则的是()A.在电线附近放风筝B.用湿手拔插头C.电冰箱外壳接地D.小孩子用手摸插座考点:安全用电原则.专题:电与热、生活用电.分析:(1)当人体直接或间接接触火线并形成电流通路的时候,就会有电流流过人体,从而造成触电.低压触电可分为单线触电和双线触电,当人体直接碰触带电设备其中的一线时,电流通过人体流入大地,这种触电现象称为单线触电;(2)对各种电气设备按规定进行定期检查,如发现绝缘损坏、漏电和其他故障,应及时处理;(3)安全用电的原则:不接触低压带电体,不靠近高压带电体.(4)金属外壳的用电器,外壳一定要接地.解答:解:A、安全用电的原则:不接触低压带电体,不靠近高压带电体.从电线上取风筝不符合安全用电要求.故A错误;B、接在电路中的电源插头属于带电体,用湿手拔插头时,水属于导体,有可能使电流通过水传到人体上,使人体触电,十分危险.故B不符合安全用电原则;C、金属外壳的用电器,外壳一定要接地,防止外壳漏电,发生触电事故,故C符合安全用电原则;D、接在电路中的电源插头属于带电体,用手触摸时,非常容易发生触电事故,十分危险.故D不符合安全用电原则.故选C.点评:本题考查的是日常生活中的一些安全用电常识,要掌握安全用电的原则:不接触低压带电体,不靠近高压带电体.值得注意的是:本来不带电的物体带了电;本来不导电的物体导电了.6.(2分)(2013•济南)物理知识广泛应用于生产和生活实际中,如图所示的器具应用的电磁感应现象的是()A.电磁起重机B.动圈式话筒C.动圈式扬声器D.条形码扫描器考点:电磁感应.专题:电动机、磁生电.分析:(1)电磁起重机是利用电流的磁效应工作的.(2)动圈式话筒是利用电磁感应现象工作的.(3)动圈式扬声器是利用磁极间的相互作用工作的.(4)条形码扫描器是利用光电元件,将检测到的光信号转换为电信号,再将电信号通过模拟数字转换器转换成数字信号输送到计算机中.解答:解:A、电磁起重机是利用电流的磁效应工作的.不符合题意.B、动圈式话筒是对着话筒说话时,膜片振动引起闭合电路的一部分导体切割磁感线运动,线圈中产生感应电流,动圈式话筒是利用电磁感应现象工作的.符合题意.C、变化的电流通过动圈式扬声器时,变化的电流导致线圈磁极和磁性不断变化,线圈磁极和永磁体之间的相互吸引和排斥,使线圈振动引起纸盆振动产生声音.所以动圈式扬声器是根据磁极间的作用工作的.不符合题意.D、条形码扫描器是利用光电转换器工作的.不符合题意.故选B.点评:生活中有很多的用电器,仔细观察,弄清各用电器的工作原理,达到学以致用的目的,体会到物理是有用的.7.(2分)(2013•济南)如图为高速摄像机拍摄的子弹穿过柿子的照片.若子弹的平均速度是900m/s,则子弹穿过柿子的时间大约为()A.B.C.D.考点:速度公式及其应用.专题:长度、时间、速度.分析:根据生活常识估计柿子的宽度,然后由速度公式的变形公式求出子弹穿过柿子的时间.解答:∵v=,∴子弹穿过柿子的时间t===1×10﹣4故选C.点评:本题是一道估算题,根据生活常识估算出柿子的宽度、熟练应用速度公式的变形公式即可正确解题.8.(2分)(2013•济南)体积相等的实心铜球和实心木球在水平面上以相同的速度做匀速直线运动,铜球的动能为E K铜,木球的动能为E K木.已知铜的密度大于木头的密度,则()A.E K铜>E K木B.E K铜=E K木C.E K铜<E K木D.无法判断考点:动能大小的比较.专题:机械能及其转化.分析:物体由于运动而具有的能叫做动能,动能的大小与物体的质量和速度有关.解答:解:(1)铜块和木块体积V=V木,密度ρ铜>ρ木;铜∵ρ=∴m=ρV,m铜>m木,铜块的质量大.(2)它们的速度相等,铜块的质量大,因此铜块的动能大.故选A.点评:本题考查影响动能大小的因素,能够判断出铜块和木块质量的大小是解题的关键,是基础知识的考查.9.(2分)(2013•济南)通过放大镜观看周围的物体时发现,近处的物体是正立、放大的,而稍远处的物体是倒立放大的,更远处的窗户则是倒立、缩小的.针对这一现象,同学们经过讨论形成了下面四个问题.你认为最有探究价值且易于探究的科学问题是()A.物体通过凸透镜所形成的像都有哪些种类B.凸透镜的成像情况与哪些因素有关C.凸透镜在什么情况下能成什么样的像D.凸透镜的成像情况与物、镜间的距离有何关系考点:控制变量法与探究性实验方案.专题:探究型实验综合题.分析:凸透镜可以成正立放大的虚像、倒立放大的实像、倒立缩小的实像,根据成像的不同特点制成了不同的光学器件,探究凸透镜成像的种类比较容易;而凸透镜在何种情况下成这种像,并了解了成像情况与物距、像距的关系后,便于对其进行应用.解答:解:几个选项都很容易进行探究,A只是了解了成像的特点,BCD中主要是探究了成像的原因,特别是D选项,探究了凸透镜的成像情况与物、镜间的距离有何关系,明确了规律更容易在生活中进行应用.故选D.点评:此类问题是考查对实验探究中的提出问题环节的理解与掌握情况,提出问题是科学探究过程的首个重要环节,也是物理科学研究中重要的一个环节.10.(2分)(2013•济南)如图所示的电路中,甲、乙、丙是连接在电路中的三只电学仪表.闭合开关S后,灯L1、L2均正常发光.则()A.甲的电流表,乙、丙是电压表B.甲的电压表,乙、丙是电流表C.乙的电流表,甲、丙是电压表D.乙的电压表,甲、丙是电流表考点:电压表的使用;电流表的使用.专题:基本仪器的使用专题.分析:要确定圆圈中的电表符号,首先要弄清电压表和电流表的正确使用方法:电流表要串联在电路中使用,而电压表要与被测用电器并联;根据图中各圆圈的位置以及和用电器的连接方式,结合电表的使用方法进行分析.解答:解:A、如果甲是电流表,则两灯泡被短路,两灯泡都不能发光,故A错误;B、如果甲是电压表,则它测量电源电压,乙、丙是电流表,分别测量干路和L2支路的电流,灯泡并联正常发光,故B正确;C、如果丙是电压表,则电路断路,两灯都不能发光,故C错误;D、如果乙是电压表,则灯L2断路,不能发光,故D错误;故选B.点评:知道电压表与电流表在电路中的连接方式,分析清楚电路结构即可正确解题.11.(2分)(2013•济南)沾上灰尘的衣服,用手轻轻拍打几下,就干净多了.小刚用下面的四句话解释了这一过程:①灰尘与衣服分离落向地面,衣服便干净了②一手拿着沾有灰尘的衣服,用另一只手轻轻拍打③灰尘由于具有惯性,继续保持原来的静止状态④衣服受力后运动状态发生改变,由静止运动起来.这四句话最合理的排列顺序是()A.②③④①B.②③①④C.②④①③D.②④③①考点:惯性现象.专题:运动和力.分析:解释惯性现象时的步骤:①确定研究对象,阐明其原来的运动状态;②说明哪个物体或物体的哪一部分受到力而改变了运动状态;③说明哪个物体或物体的哪一部分由于惯性要保持原来的运动状态;④说明结论.解答:解:一手拿着沾有灰尘的衣服,用另一只手轻轻拍打,衣服由于受到手的作用力由静止变为运动,而衣服上的灰尘由于惯性要保持原来的静止状态,灰尘和衣服就会分离,由于重力的作用就会落下来.故这四句话最合理的排列顺序是②④③①.故选D.点评:知道任何物体都有保持原来运动状态的性质,会用惯性知识解释生活现象.二、多项选择题(本大题共4小题,每小题3分,共12分.每小题给出的四个选项中,至少有两个选项符合题目的要求)12.(3分)(2013•济南)教室是同学们在校期间学习生活的主要场所.以下为教室内有关数据,其中较为符合实际的是()A.一支做作业用的新铅笔的质量为十几克B.一位同学站立时对地面压力一般为几百牛C.感到较舒适的室内温度大约二十几摄氏度D.一只照明用日光灯的额定电流约为零点几安考点:质量的估测;温度.专题:估算综合应用题.分析:不同物理量的估算,有的需要凭借生活经验,有的需要简单的计算,有的要进行单位的换算,最后判断最符合实际的是哪一个.解答:解:A、一支新铅笔的质量在5g左右.此选项不符合实际;B、中学生的重力在500N左右,所以对地面的压力在500N左右.此选项符合实际;C、人体正常体温在37℃左右,感觉舒适的温度在23℃左右.此选项符合实际;D、一般日光灯的额定功率在40W左右,额定电流大约为故选B、C、D.点评:物理学中,对各种物理量的估算能力,是我们应该加强锻炼的重要能力之一,这种能力的提高,对我们的生活同样具有很大的现实意义.13.(3分)(2013•济南)关于飞机空中加油、飞行、通讯及舱内照明灯,下列叙述正确的是()A.正在空中加油的受油机相对于加油机是静止的B.机翼上下方所受的压力差形成了飞机上的升力C.飞机与地面间的通讯是通过超声波来传递信息的D.舱内照明用LED灯的核心元件用半导体材料制成考点:运动和静止的相对性;半导体的作用;飞机的升力.专题:运动和力;气体的压强、流体压强与流速的关系.分析:(1)研究物体的运动时,必须事先选定一个标准的物体,这个事先被选作标准的物体叫参照物.如果被研究的物体相对于这个标准位置发生了改变,则是运动的;如果被研究的物体相对于这个标准位置没有发生了改变,则是静止的.(2)流体中流速越快的地方压强越小;(3)电磁波能够在真空中传播;(4)节能灯的核心材料是半导体.解答:解:A、因为受油机与加油机在空中以同样速度向同一方向水平飞行,若以地面为参照物,加油机和受油机与地面之间的位置发生了变化,是运动的;若以受油机(加油机)为参照物,受油机与加油机之间的相对位置没有发生变化,加油机(受油机)是静止的.故A正确;B、机翼上下方所受的压力差形成了飞机上的升力,故B正确;C、飞机与地面间的通讯是通过电磁波来传递信息的,故C错误;D、舱内照明用LED灯的核心元件用半导体材料制成,故D正确.故选ABD.点评:本题考查运动和静止的相对性、流体压强与流速的关系、信息的传播、半导体,主要考查学生对所学物理知识的综合应用能力.14.(3分)(2013•济南)某混合动力型汽车的动力装置由汽油发动机和电动机组成.一般情况下,蓄电池为电动机供电,由电动机提供动力;当需要较大动力时,由汽油发动机和电动机共同提供动力;当汽车制动减速时,电动机还可以作为发电机的蓄电池充电.关于该车动力装置在工作时的能量转化情况,以下分析正确的是()A.汽油发动机做功冲程把内能转化为机械能B.电动机在提供动力时把电能转化为机械能C.发动机为蓄电池充电把电能转化为化学能D.制动减速发电的过程把内能转化为电能考点:内燃机的四个冲程.专题:比热容、热机、热值.分析:(1)汽油机利用内能来做功的冲程是做功冲程,它是将内能转化为机械能的;(2)电动机消耗电能得到机械能,将电能转化为机械能;(3)发动机为蓄电池充电时,蓄电池发生化学反应,将电能转化为化学能储存在蓄电池中;(4)制动减速发电的过程是将电动机作为发电机来使用的,将机械能转化为电能.解答:解:A、汽油发动机做功冲程是利用内能来做功的冲程,把内能转化为机械能,正确;B、电动机在提供动力时把电能转化为机械能,正确;C、发动机为蓄电池充电时,蓄电池发生化学反应,将电能转化为化学能,正确;D、当汽车制动减速时,电动机还可以作为发电机为蓄电池充电,将机械能转化为电能,故D错误.故选ABC.点评:此题主要考查的是学生对汽油机和发动机、发电机工作过程中能量转化情况的了解和掌握,基础性题目.15.(3分)(2013•济南)某报刊登题为“房子‘穿衣戴帽’屋里冬暖夏凉”的文章,对济南高科技住宅项目进行深度报道,揭开了高科技住宅的“神秘面纱”.实际上,该项目运用的物理原理并不是很深奥.以下是小梅看完报道后运用所学知识进行的分析,其中正确的是()A.使用镀膜中空玻璃实现了室内“降噪”,是在声音的传播过程中减弱噪声B.送风过程通过加湿、除湿实现了室内“恒温”,运用了升华和凝华的知识C.通过与地下土壤热交换实现了“恒温”,是通过热传递改变空气内能D.采用太阳能热水系统实现了住宅“低碳”,所利用的太阳能是可再生能源考点:防治噪声的途径;热传递改变物体内能;能源的分类.专题:声现象;分子热运动、内能;能源的利用与发展.分析:(1)防治噪声的三个途径分别是:在声源处减弱;在人耳处减弱;在传播过程中减弱;(2)由气态变为液态叫液化,由液态变为气态叫汽化;(3)热传递的条件是:有温度差;(4)能够源源不断的从自然界得到的能源叫可再生能源;短期内不能从自然界得到补充的能源叫不可再生能源.解答:解:A、使用镀膜中空玻璃是在声音的传播过程中减弱噪声;故A正确;B、送风过程通过加湿、除湿实现了室内“恒温”,运用了液化和汽化的知识;故B错误;C、当空气和地下土壤有温度差时,将会发生热传递,因此通过与地下土壤热交换实现了“恒温”,是通过热传递改变空气内能;说法正确;D、太阳能能够源源不断的从自然界得到的能源是可再生能源.故D正确.故选ACD.点评:本题考查防止噪声的途径、热传递的条件、物体变化以及能源分类,难度不大,比较简单.三、非选择题(本大题共11小题,共56分)16.(4分)(2013•济南)作为“济南泉城节”主题活动之一的济南第14届龙舟大赛将于2013年7月中旬在大明湖景区举办.赛龙舟时,龙舟上传来的阵阵鼓声是由于鼓面的振动而产生的;全体划桨手在鼓声的号令下有节奏地齐力向后划水,龙舟就快速前进直奔终点,这是因为力的作用是相互的.考点:声音的产生;力作用的相互性.专题:声现象;运动和力.分析:(1)声音是由物体的振动产生的;(2)力是物体对物体的作用,物体间力的作用是相互的.解答:解:(1)赛龙舟时,龙舟上传来的阵阵鼓声是由于鼓面的振动产生的;(2)船桨向后滑水,对水施加向后的力,由于物体间力的作用是相互的,水同时对船桨施加向前的力,船就前进了.故答案为:振动;相互.点评:本题借助龙舟比赛考查相关的物理知识,属于基础知识的考查,比较简单.17.(4分)(2013•济南)小明学校里机械能的知识后,利用橡皮筋、木板、瓶盖等制作了如图所示的抛掷乒乓球的装置.使用时,将乒乓球装入瓶盖,用手指按下抛掷杆,这时橡皮筋被拉长(如图1),这个过程中抛掷杆相对于一个省力杠杆(选填“省力杠杆”,“费力杠杆”或“等臂杠杆”);当松开手指,乒乓球被抛出(图2),这个过程中橡皮筋的弹性势能转化为乒乓球的动能.考点:杠杆的分类;动能和势能的转化与守恒.专题:简单机械;机械能及其转化.分析:动力臂大于阻力臂的杠杆是省力杠杆,动力臂小于阻力臂的杠杆是费力杠杆;橡皮筋恢复原长的过程中它的形变量减小,弹性势能减小,乒乓球的速度增大,动能增大.解答:解:由图示可知,用手指按下抛掷杆的过程中,动力臂大于阻力臂,杠杆为一个省力杠杆;当松开手指,乒乓球被抛出的过程中橡皮筋的弹性势能转化为乒乓球的动能.故答案为:省力杠杆;弹性势能.点评:本题考查了杠杆的分类、能量的转化,是一道基础题.18.(4分)(2013•济南)报纸上有一篇题为“电器待机‘偷电’多少,你知道吗?”的文章,配有如图所示的一副插图.图中正在使用一种叫“电力检测仪”的测量工具对计算机显示器进行测量.小明根据插图中“电力检测仪”显示屏显示的内容判断出此时测量的是显示器的功率(填写物理量名称).小明还注意到插图边的文字说明存在科学性错误,正确的文字说明应该是:“显示器待机”.考点:电功率.专题:电能和电功率.分析:功率的单位是W,电功的单位是J,kW•h,根据图示信息分析答题.解答:解:图中“电力检测仪”显示屏上标有W,W是功率的单位,因此此时测量的是显示器的功率;点评:知道功率的单位,分析图示情景即可正确解题.19.(4分)(2013•济南)为了纪念物理学家为物理学发展做出的突出贡献,物理学中常把一些物理学家的名字规定为物理量的单位,这样的物理量几乎遍及物理学的各个分支.请仿照下面的例子,再各写出一组用物理学家的名字作单位的力学物理量和电学物理量及其单位.力学物理量及其单位电学物理量及其单位力(牛顿)电流(安培)压强(帕斯卡)电阻(欧姆)考点:物理常识.专题:其他综合题.分析:(1)力学:压强(帕斯卡)、功率(瓦特).(2)电学:电压(伏特)、电阻(欧姆)、电热(焦耳).解答:解:力学:压强(帕斯卡).电学:电阻(欧姆).故答案为:压强(帕斯卡);电阻(欧姆).(答案不唯一)点评:回想力学的力、功、功率等物理量,电学的电压、电流、电阻、电热等物理量.考点:重力示意图.专题:重力、弹力、摩擦力.分析:重力是物体由于地球的吸引而受到的力,其方向永远竖直向下,因此在画排球所受重力时,也一定要把握这一点.解答:点评:重力是一种最常见,也最特殊的力,它的大小、方向、作用点永远不会受到它的运动状态的影响.21.(3分)(2013•济南)小强家在装修时,某个房间内需要安装电灯和电扇各一个.在如图的虚线框内已给出了进入房间的火线和零线,请设计并画出该房间的电路图(电扇用电动机的符合表示).考点:串、并联电路的设计.专题:作图题;电流和电路.分析:家用电器的连接方式是并联,且各有一个开关控制,根据安全用电原则可知开关控制火线,据此设计电路图.解答:解:灯泡与电扇并联,各有一个开关控制,且开关控制火线,如下图所示:点评:本题考查了家庭电路的连接,关键是掌握家庭电路中灯泡、开关、两孔插座、三孔插座、保险丝等元件的作用、接法等.22.(8分)(2013•济南)一箱饮品放在水平地面上,如图所示.其包装箱上标识的相关名词如下:“毛重”是包装箱内所装饮品的总质量;“净含量”是包装箱内所装饮品的总质量;“数量”是每瓶饮品的体积及包装箱内饮品的瓶数;“尺寸”是包装箱的长度×宽度×高度.请根据包装箱上标识的内容,通过计算回答(取g=10N/kg):(1)这箱饮品对地面的压力多大?(2)这箱饮品对地面的压强多大?(3)该箱内所装饮品的密度多大?(4)饮品包装箱上印有多种标志,右下角的标志是“堆码重量极限”,它表示允许放在该箱饮品上的货物的最大质量.请利用所学物理知识解释包装箱设置“堆码重量极限”的原因.考点:压力及重力与压力的区别;密度的计算;压强的大小及其计算.专题:密度及其应用;压强、液体的压强.分析:(1)水平地面上物体的压力和自身的重力相等,根据G=mg求出其大小;(2)根据压强公式求出它对水平地面的压强.(3)根据包装箱上的净含量和包装箱内每瓶的体积,利用ρ=可求得该箱内所装饮品的密度.(4)包装箱所能承受的压强都有一定的极限,超过这个极限会被压坏.解答:解:(1)G=mg=12kg×10N/kg=120N,因为放在水平地面上,所以这箱饮品对地面的压力F=G=120N;(2)S=30cm2×20cm2=600cm22,这箱饮品对地面的压强p===2000Pa(3)由包装箱上标识的相关名词可知,箱内共装12瓶,每瓶饮品的体积V1=480ml=480cm3﹣4m3,每瓶饮品的质量m1=该箱内所装饮品的密度等于每瓶饮品的密度ρ===1×103kg/m3,(4)压放在包装箱上的货物质量越大,这箱饮品受到的压力就越大,受力面积一定,压强就越多大,如果压放在包装箱上的货物质量超出堆码重量极限,会使包装箱受到的压强过大,压坏包装箱和里面的物品.故答案为:(1)这箱饮品对地面的压力为120N,(2)这箱饮品对地面的压强为2000Pa(3)该箱内所装饮品的密度为1×103kg/m3,(4)如果压放在包装箱上的货物质量超出堆码重量极限,会使包装箱受到的压强过大,压坏包装箱和里面的物品.所以包装箱设置“堆码重量极限”.点评:23.(8分)(2013•济南)小明发现自己家汽车照明大灯的灯泡内有两根灯丝,一根是功率较小的近光灯丝(主要用于照亮车前较近的路面),另一根是功率稍大的远光灯丝(主要用于照亮前方较远的路面).当控制手柄拨到“近光”位置时,近光灯丝正常发光;当控制手柄拨到“远光”位置时,近光灯丝和远光灯丝同时正常发光.该灯泡上标有“12V 60W/54W”的字样,通过计算回答:(1)当控制手柄拨到“近光”位置时,通过近光灯丝的电流多大?(2)近光灯丝正常发光时的电阻多大?。
湖北省黄冈市中考地理模拟试题(六)
1 / 2人口密度50100150200250300350①②③④⑤人口密度湖北省黄冈市中考地理模拟试题(六)第Ⅰ卷选择题一、选择题(每小题只有一个选项符合题意)读下图,完成1~2题。
1. 当太阳光照如图①所示时,图②中的甲地正值四季中的 A.春季 B.夏季 C .秋季 D.冬季2. 图②中,乙地位于丙地的( )方向A.西方B.西南方C.西北方D.北方2013年4月27日 - 第五次金砖国家峰会在南非德班举行,巴西、俄罗斯、印度、中国和南非出席了此次会议。
下列是金砖五国人口密度图,回答3~4题。
3. 会议期间:A.华北春旱严重B.澳大利亚牧民忙着剪羊毛C.开普敦炎热干燥D.巴西利亚正处于干季 4. 关于5国特征,下列说法正确的是: A.①国是亚洲耕地面积最多的国家 B.②国石油资源丰富 C.④国人口增长类型为传统型 D.⑤国拥有世界面积最大的热带雨林 读我国四大地理区域分布图,完成5~6题。
5. 下列叙述正确的是A.①地区主要种植水稻、甘蔗、柑橘B.②地区农作物的熟制为一年一熟或两年三熟C.③地区为半湿润地区D.④地区的自然特征是高和寒6. 造成①、②两地区农业生产差异的最主要因素是 A.气候条件 B.土壤条件C.地形条件D.生产技术条件下图是我国几种民居示意图的邮票,读图回答7~8题。
7.图中反映江南水乡民居的邮票是( ) A .① B .② C .③ D .④ 8.民居④的建设主要是( )A .便于拆迁移动B .防御狂风暴雨C .防范土匪侵袭D .就地取材便利选择题答题栏序号1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 答案第Ⅱ卷非选择题9.读我国四大地理区域图,回答下列问题。
(9分)(1) 图中A 、B 是我国的一条重要的地理分界线,A 是____________(山脉),该线是年降水量___________毫米等降水量线通过的地方。
(2) ①、②、③、④区域淡水渔业发达的地区是__________,该地区的植被类型是___________________。
2013年如皋初中初三第二次中考模拟数学试题和参考答案评分标准
如皋初级中学2013年中考第二次模拟考试试卷数 学命题:季群、冒建中 审核:蔡成霞一、选择题(本大题共10小题,每小题3分,共30分.在每小题给出的四个选项中,恰有一项是符合题目要求的,请将正确选项的字母代号填涂在答题卡相应位置.......上) 1.2-的倒数是( ▲ )A .2-B .2C .12D .12-2)A B C D 3.若一个正n 边形的一个外角为36°,则n 等于( ▲ )A .4B .6C .8D .104由上表知,这次投篮测试成绩的中位数与众数分别是( ▲ )A .6,6B .6.5,6C .6,6.5D .7,65.一个正方体的每个面都有一个汉字,其平面展开图如下图所示,那么在该正方体中和“毒”字相对的字是( ▲ )A .卫B .防C .讲D .生6.文峰千家惠四月份的利润是25万元,预计六月份的利润将达到36万元,设平均每月增长的百分率为x ,根据题意所列方程正确的是( ▲ ). A .2536)1(252-=+x B .36)21(25=+x C .36)1(252=+x D .36)1(252=+x(第5题)讲 卫 生防 病 毒7.如图,AB是⊙O的直径,CD是⊙O的弦,连结AC、AD,若∠CAB=35°,则∠ADC 的度数为(▲)A.35°B.45°C.55°D.65°8.从边长为a的正方形内去掉一个边长为b的小正方形(如图1),然后将剩余部分剪拼成一个矩形(如图2),上述操作所能验证的等式是(▲)A.(a-b)2=a2-2ab+b2B.a2-b2=(a+b)(a-b)C.(a+b)2=a2+2ab+b2D.a2+ab=a(a+b)9.对任意实数x,点2(2)P x x x-,一定不在..(▲)A.第一象限B.第二象限C.第三象限D.第四象限10.如图,在4×5的方格中,A、B为两个格点,再选一个格点C,使∠ACB为直角,则满足条件的点C个数为(▲)A.3 B.4 C.5 D.6第10题第15题二、填空题(本大题共8小题,每小题3分,共24填写在答题卡相应位置.......上)11.4的平方根为____▲_12.分解因式a3-a=_▲____13.将0.000258用科学记数法表示为▲14.一个扇形的圆心角为60°,它所对的孤长为2πcm,则这个扇形的半径为▲cm.15.如图,AB为⊙O的直径,弦CD⊥AB于E,已知CD=12,BE=2,则⊙O的半径为▲16.若方程x2-2x-2499=0的两根为a,b,则a2-3a-b的值为▲.17.一次函数y kx b=+(其中k,b为常数,且k≠0)的图象如图所示,根据图象信息可求得关于x的方程0kx b+=的解为▲.18如图,∠MON=30°,点A1、A2、A3…在射线ON上,点B1、B2、B3…在射线OM上,△A1B1A2、△A2B2A3、△A3B3A4…均为等边三角形,从左起第1个等边三角形的边长记为a1,第2个等边三角形的边长记为a2,以此类推。
2013年中考物理试题汇编 考点01 机械运动
2013年中考物理试题汇编 考点01 机械运动(2013广东佛山)张先生驾车从广州到肇庆旅游,汽车以90Km/h 的平均速度行驶0.5h 到达三水,休息0.5h 后,再以80Km/h 的平均速度行驶1h 到达肇庆。
请求:广州到三水,汽车行驶的路程是多少Km ?广州到肇庆,汽车的平均速度是多少Km/h ?【答案】45Km ,62.5Km/h广东湛江)图中使用刻度尺测量物体的长度为 cm(2013 甘肃庆阳)一千多年前,唐朝的大诗人李白曾感叹长江的壮美景观:“天门中断楚江开,碧水东流至此回,两岸青山相对出,孤帆一片日边来。
”从物理学的角度看,“两岸青山相对出”和“孤帆一片日边来”所选的参照物分别是 和 。
【答案】行船;太阳(2013 湖北武汉)“神舟飞船”与“天宫一号”成功对接后,遨游太空。
下列说法正确的是( )【答案】CA.“神舟飞船”相对于“天宫一号”是运动的B.“神舟飞船”和“天宫一号”相对地球是静止的C.“神舟飞船”和“天宫一号”相对于地球是运动的D.“神舟飞船”相对于地球是运动的,“天宫一号”相对于地球是静止的(2013 四川雅安)如图12 所示是同一木块先后两次在同一水平面上运动时在相等时间内连续拍摄的“频闪” 照片。
第二次木块从A 点运动到B 点的距离是cm ; 由图可知, 两次实验中木块的速度, 木块所受拉力的大小( 均选填“相等” 或“不相等”)。
【答案】1.69 ~1.71;不相等;相等(2013 山东泰安)甲乙两地的距离是900km ,一列火车从甲地早上7:30出发开往乙地,途中停靠了几个车站,在当日16:30到达乙地。
列车行驶途中以144km/h 的速度匀速通过长度为400m 的桥梁,列车全部通过桥梁的时间是25s 。
求:(1)火车从甲地开往乙地的平均速度是多少千米每小时?(2)火车的长度是多少米?【答案】(1)100km/h (2)600m(2013 浙江舟山)如图所示,铅球由a 处向右上方推出,在空中划出一道弧线后落到地面b 处。
2013年中考英语模拟试题及答案二
2013中考英语模拟试题及答案二一.听力(20分)略二.单项选择(15分)指出能填入相应空白处的最佳答案。
()⒈It is ___ difficult work that we can't finish it in a short time.A. soB. suchC. so aD. such a()⒉I ___ you ___ left for Shanghai.A. thought, hadB. think, haveC. think, hadD. thought, have()⒊I've decided ___ it myself.A. doB. doingC. didD. to do()⒋You can't solve the problem ___ this way.A. byB. inC. onD. to()⒌I was just leaving the classroom ___ it rained.A. whileB. whenC. atD. during( )⒍___ a big smile on his face, Mr Liu told a piece of good news to his students.A. InB. HaveC. WithD. For()⒎I won't go away ___ I see you.A. as soon asB. becauseC. untilD. and()⒏___ Put / put on your coat, ___ you'll catch a cold.A. If; orB. You; andC. /; orD. /; and()⒐Last night I went to bed early but couldn't ___ .A. get to sleepB. get sleepC. fall sleepD. fall to sleep()⒑Mrs Li was very angry ___ her son ___ her words.A. with; withB. to; withC. with; atD. with; to()⒒Would you please ___ me?A. not troubleB. not to troubleC. to not troubleD. don't trouble()⒓How are you getting ___ with your classmates?A. onB. upC. downD. to()⒔So far, we ____ English for nearly three years.A. learnB. learntC. have learntD. had learnt()⒕Mr Yao is a good friend of ___ .A. myB. my fatherC. my fathers'D. my father's()⒖Fujian is ___ the southeast of China.A. atB. toC. onD. in三.完形填空(10分)阅读短文, 指出能填入相应空白处的最佳答案。
2013年4月中考英语模拟试题(带答案)
2013年4月中考英语模拟试题(带答案)銆愭弧鍒?50鍒?鏃堕棿120鍒嗛挓銆?2013.4.9 I鍗曢」閫夋嫨锛堝叡15 15 鍒嗭級( ) 1. This is ________ useful dictionary. I bought it in ________ shop next to the post office. A. an; a B. an; the C. a; an D. a; the ( ) 2. ---How soon can you finish the work? ---One or two days ________ enough for us. A. has B. is C. are D. will have ( ) 3. She still failed in the exam ________ she tried her best. A. because B. if C. though D. as ( ) 4. Mr. Green has lived in the ________ hotel since he came to China. A. five-stars B. five-star C. five stars D. five stars鈥?( ) 5. ________ bad news it is and ________ the children all look! A. What a; how surprised B. What; how surprised C. What; how surprising D. How; what surprised ( ) 6. I have two sons , and ________ of them live with me. A. neither B. either C. both D. all ( ) 7. --- Mum, could you buy me a new dress like that? ---Certainly, we can buy ________one than this, but ________ this. A.a better; better than B. a good; as good as C. a cheaper; better D. a cheaper; as good as ( ) 8 .The doctor ________ the girl to take a walk for ten minutes every day. A. let B. made C. allowed D. had ( ) 9. Don鈥檛tell ________ about it. Keep it a secret________ you and me. A. somebody; between B. somebody; with C. anybody; between D. anybody; among ( ) 10. --- Jack has paid for the school things, ______he? --- ____. His father will pay for him. A. has; Yes B. hasn鈥檛; Yes C. has; No D. hasn鈥檛; No ( ) 11. --- Since he went to bed so late, don鈥檛________ too early. --- Ok,________. A. wake him up; I won鈥檛B. wake up him; I don鈥檛C. wake him up; I will D. wake up him; I will ( ) 12. --- The woman with glasses must be your mother. --- No, it ________ be my mother, my mother ________ to Dalian. A. mustn鈥檛; has gone B. can鈥檛; has gone C. must; has been D. mustn鈥檛; has been ( ) 13. Could you please tell me ________? A. which floor did he lived on B. which is the way tothe nearest bank C. how can I get to the bus station D. that he will come back soon ( ) 14. They spent as many hours as they could ___their lessons. A. study B. to study C. studying D studies ( ) 15. --- Would you please tell me something about your travel in Sydney? --- ________ A. Excuse me. I鈥檓afraid not. B. It鈥檚very nice of you to say so C. Certainly. I鈥檒l be glad to D. No. I don鈥檛like it. ( ) 16. He hasn鈥檛come yet .what do you consider _____to him ? A.happens B has happened C happening D to happen ( ) 17. Don鈥檛you know ,my dear friend ,__________it is you that she loves ? A who B which C that D what ( ) 18 .Is this school ______you studied at ten years ago? A with B that C where D the one( )19 . I can never forget the day ________ we worked together and the day ______ we spent together. A. when; which B. which; when C. what; that D. on which; when ( ) 20. Disney is an amusement park _______you can find all the normal attractions and Disney movies and characters . A which B where C that D when II琛ュ叏瀵硅瘽锛圡ary Hand鈥昅锛汣hen Hui 鈥?C锛?M: Help yourself to some chocolates. Chen Li brought them from Shanghai.锟斤拷C: 21___ I can鈥檛eat anything sweet. It鈥檚my teeth.锟斤拷M: I鈥檓sorry to hear that. 22 ____ C: I did. He told me that I have to have one tooth out and two filled. But I can鈥檛find time for it.锟斤拷M: 23_______ C: But I鈥檓busy now. I think I鈥檒l go next week.锟斤拷M: I鈥?afraid you鈥?better go right now. The sooner you do something about it, the better. C: 24______ Can you please tell our head that I鈥檒l be back by lunchtime?锟斤拷M: 25_______ 锟斤拷C: Thank you very much. See you this afternoon.锟斤拷M: See you.锟斤拷 A. If I were you, I鈥檇take care of them right away. 鈥?B. You鈥檇better not worry about yourself. 鈥?C. I agree with you. D. Thanks. E. With pleasure. F. Here you are. G. Did you see a dentist? (Li Mei walks out of the cinema. She meets Michael and his friend, Peter. ) L-Li Mei M-Michael P-Peter M: Hi, Li Mei. You look so sad. Why? L: (26) ___________________________ .It made me cry. M: Really? (27)__________________ .I prefer exciting movies. They cheer me up. L:Michael, is this your friend? M: Sorry, Yes, this is Peter, my good friend. Peter, this is Li Mei. P: Nice to meet you. L: (28)_____________________ .Are you from the USA? P: No, I'm from Canada. And I've been here for two years. L:(29)___________________________ ? P: I came here to learn Chinese. M: Excuse me, Li Mei. It's lunchtime. Peter and I are going to the KFC for lunch.(30)_________________________ ?We can go on with our talk there. L: Sorry, I can't go with you. My mother must be waiting me. III.鑻辨眽浜掕瘧銆?0鍒嗐€慉.鎶婁?4鍒嗐€?31.効鍘诲伐浣溿€?I___________rather than rest in the house . 32鎴戜滑宸茬粡鍚ч噺椋熺墿銆?We________________________Japan_______________-. 33?Tom is polite______________to his neighbors. 34.?Everyone should _________________the teacher in class. 35.濡?We鈥檒l miss the train if __________________. 36._____________________________________________________________? 37.鎴戣銆?___________________________________________________________. B 鎶婅?From November 15th, 2009锛孶S President Barack Obama went on a four-day visit in China.38 The first landing he chose was Shanghai. He talked to young students there. His visit was longer in China than that in Korea and Japan. This told people Obama had a lot of issues(o talk with China.39He needed China's support and cooperation (鍚堜綔锛塼o solve world's issues and American issues. Then Obama came to Beijing. He had a very busy schedule (鏃ョ▼锛?When a leader visits another country锛宧e or she sometimes goes to the country's most famous places. It is to show respect(灏婇噸锛塼o the localculture.40 For the leaders, it's also a good time to relax during a tiring foreign trip.38_____________________________________________________________39_________________________________________________________________40 ________________________________________________________________ IV銆佸畬褰㈠~绌篈锛堝叡15 15 鍒嗭級ф(A 銆丅銆丆鍜?D)浣抽€夐」銆?About a week ago, when I was playing basketball at our local park, I noticed a small group of boys picking on a smaller, skinnier boy. They were 41___ him names and even pushed him to the ground and kicked dirt in his face. 42 ___I saw that, I walked over to the group. I stepped 43___ them and the smaller boy, and asked them politely what this boy had done worthy of 44____ they were doing to him. One of the boys replied, 鈥淗e鈥檚weird.鈥?At that, I asked one of the boys if he thought his friend was weird, and the 45___ was 鈥淣o.鈥?So, I asked another boy what the word 鈥渨eird鈥?46___ , and he said, 鈥淒ifferent.鈥?That was my cue(鏆楃ず). I told them that everyone is 47____ , and that they all looked just as different to the other boy as he did to them. They all stood 48____ for a moment, and then the most amazing thing happened. One of the boys helped the small boy off the ground and then said sorry to him. He 49_____ to let him play with them. I thanked the boy for being so 50____ . As I looked around, I realized that there were dozens of other people at the park 51_____ no one else had stopped to help this boy. I felt happy that the boy was strong enough to stand up against his friends to 52 ______someone in need, but I felt sad that 53______else had even taken a second look. I hope that my action helped them54______ that they could have made a difference with a little 55______ , and maybe next time they will be the ones who choose to help. 41. A. giving B. making C. calling D. telling 42. A. When B. Before C. If D. Though 43. A. against B. between C. beside D. with 44. A. how B. why C. whom D. what 45. A. guess B. sign C. problem D. answer 46.A. readB. provedC. meantD. wrote 47. A. different B. free C. important D. strong 48.A. angrilyB. silentlyC. carefullyD. happily 49. A. refused B. expected C. offered D. prepared 50. A. proud B. clever C. honest D. patient 51. A. or B. so C. and D. but 52. A. help B. stop C. love D. remember 53. A. someone B. anyone C. no one D. everyone 54.A. decideB. realizeC. suggestD. agree 55. A. energy B. practice C. knowledge D. effort [B]they pay hard energy happy thrill explain easy send one see noise An old man lived in a side street of a small town. Every day after supper, some children would play football in the street. The children were too 56________ for the old man to have a good rest. One evening, the old man told the children that he would give them 25 cents each week 57________ them play football in the street at night. He said, 鈥淚am so glad when you play football happily. 鈥?This was his58________ . The boys were 59________ , for they could 60________ believe that they could 61_________ to do something they enjoyed. At the end of the 62_______ two weeks, the boys came to the old man鈥檚house, and went away each time happily with 63________ 25 cents. The third week when they came back, however, the old man said he had nearly run out of his money and 64_________ them away with 15 cents. The fourth week, the old man said he was ill and he had spent almost all his money on medicine. He gave the boys only 10 cents. The boys were very65_________ , but there was not much for them to do about it. At the end of the fifth week, the boys came back again only to get 5 cents. After that, the children never played football in the street again. VВ锛圓锛?Not many years ago锛?a wealthy and rather strange old man named Johnson lived alone in a village in the south of England. He had made a lot of money in trading with foreign countries. When he was seventy-five锛?he gave 锟?12锛?00 to the village school to buy land and equipment for a children鈥榮playground. As a result of his kindness 锛?many people came to visit him. Among them was a newspaperman. During their talk锛?Johnson remarked that he was seventy-five and expected to live to be ahundred. The newspaperman asked him how he managed to be healthy at seventy鈥昮ive. Johnson had a sense of humor. He liked whisky and drank some each day. 鈥淚have an injection 锛堟敞灏勶級in my neck each evening.鈥漢e told the newspaperman锛?thinking of his evening glass of whisky. The newspaperman did not understand what Johnson meant. In his newspaper he reported that Johnson was seventy-five and had a daily injection in his neck. Within a week Johnson received thousands of letters from all over Britain锛?asking him for the secret of his daily injection. 66. Johnson became a rich man through _________. A. doing business. B. making whisky. C. cheating. D. buying and selling land. 67. The gift of money to the school suggests that Johnson __________. A. had no children. B. was a strange man.C. was very fond of childrenD. wanted people to know how rich he was. 68. Many people wrote to Johnson to find out __________. A. what kind of whisky he had. B. how to live longer. C. how to become wealthy D. in which part of the neck to have an injection. 69. The newspaperman ____________. A. should have reported what Johnson had told him. B. shouldn鈥榯have asked Johnson what injection he had. C. was eager to live a long life. D. should have found out what Johnson really meant. 70. When Johnson said he had an injection in his neck each evening锛?he really meant that ______. A. he liked drinking a glass of whisky in the evening. B. he needed an injection in the neck. C. a daily injection in the evening would make him sleep well. D. there was something wrong with his neck. [B] 鈥淚鈥榤very tired from working here锛屸€漵aid Jean to her friend Kate锛?鈥?I鈥檓on my feet from morning to night. For the first quarter of the day锛?I clean up the counter and set the tables. For the next quarter锛?I help in the kitchen. For the second half of my workday锛?I take orders at the counters.鈥?鈥淜ate锛?I wish I had your job锛屸€滼ean went on. 鈥淔or four hours you just sit at the cash register 锛堟敹娆惧彴锛?taking in money.鈥?鈥淏ut I spend two more hours in the kitchen than you do锛屸€漵aid Kate. 鈥淚t鈥榮tiring to cook over a hot stove. I don鈥檛think you鈥榙really want myjob. In fact锛?I鈥檇like your job.鈥?71. Both Jean and Kate probably work in a____________. A. hotel B. library C. lab D. shop 72. How long did they work every day锛?_________. A. Eight hours B. Twelve hours. C. Ten hours D. Nine hours 73. How long did Kate spend in the kitchen锛?__________. A. A quarter day. B. A half day. C. One-third day. D Three-fourths day. 74. From this passage we can see that____________. A. they are both interested in their work. B. their work is neither tiring nor busy. C. both of them are tired of their work. D. they鈥榲e decided to give up their work. 75. Give a proper proverb to Jean and Kate. A. It鈥榮never too late to learn B. It鈥榮no use crying over spilt milk. C. The grass is always greener on the other side. D. One swallow锛堢嚂瀛愶級does not make a summer. [ C] Douglas Grace talks about his ideal city of the future. I see the city of the future in three zones鈥曗€昳nner锛?middle and outer. In the inner zone there will be no private cars. Public transport will be free and there will only be ambulances锛?fire engines锛?taxis and police cars. This inner zone will be the residential锛堜綇瀹呯殑锛?and recreational锛堝ū涔愮殑锛?area of the city. People will live there and go out to enjoy themselves鈥曗€晅o cinemas and restaurants. There will be parks and open spaces锛?trees and lakes锛?schools and universities. This way锛?when people are at home锛?they can go out easily and safely. Just outside the inner zone there will be big car parks for all private cars. The banks and most of the shops and hospitals will be in the middle zone. These are things that people don鈥榯need every day. All the factories and offices will be in the outer zone. People will travel out of the center to work锛?and back to the center in the evenings. The inner zone will be cleaner and better to live in and there will be more space for industry on the outside. xK b1 . Co m This is my ideal city of the future鈥曗€?a very beautiful place 锛?But I don鈥榯really think things will ever be like that锛?76. Where will people live and go out to enjoy themselves锛?A. In the middle zone. B. In the inner zone. C. In the outer zone. D. In the inner and middle zone. 77. Where will big car parks be锛?A. Just outside the middle zone. B. Just inside the middle zone. C. Just outside the inner zone. D. Just inside the inner zone. 78. What will be in the middle zone锛?A. The banks锛宧ospitals and schools. B. The banks锛宧ospitals and police stations. C. The banks锛宻chools and car parks. D. The banks锛宧ospital and most of the shops.79. Where will the factories and offices be锛?A. In the outer zone. B. In the middle zone. C. In the inner zone D. In the middle and inner zone. 80. Douglas Grace is probably . A. a painter B. a builder C. a town planner D. a dentist 锛圖锛?The clock struck eleven at night. The whole house was quiet. Everyone was in bed except me. Under the strong light锛?I looked sadly before me at a huge pile of that troublesome stuff锛堜笢瑗匡級they call 鈥渂ooks鈥濄€?I was going to have my examination the next day. 鈥淲hen can I go to bed锛熲€?I asked myself. I didn鈥檛answer 锛?In fact I dared not. The clock struck twelve. 鈥淥h锛?dear锛佲€?I cried. 鈥淭en more books to read before I can go to bed锛佲€?We pupils are the most wretched creatures in the world. Dad does not agree with me on this. He did not have to work so hard when he was a boy. The clock struck one. I was quite desperate 锛堢粷鏈涚殑锛?now. I forgot all I had learned. I was too tired to go on. I did the only thing I could. I prayed锛?鈥淥h锛?God锛?please help me pass the exam tomorrow. I do promise to work hard afterwards锛?Amen.鈥?My eyes were so heavy that I could hardly open them A few minutes later锛?with my head on the desk锛?I fell asleep. 81. When the author was going over his lessons锛?all the others in the house were ________ . A. asleep B. outside C. working in bed D. quietly laughing at him 82. He underlined word wretched in Paragraph 3 probably means_______ . A. very happy B. disappointed C. very unhappy D. hopeful 83. Reviewing his lessons didn鈥榯help him because . A. it was too late at night B. he was very tired C. his eyes lids were so heavy that he couldn鈥榯keep them open D. he hadn 鈥榯studied hard before the examination 84. What do you suppose happened to the author锛?A. He went to a church to pray again B. He passed the exam by sheerluck C. He failed in the exam D. He was punished by his teacher 85. The best title for the passage would be __________ . A. The Night Before the Examination B. Working Far into the Night C. A Slow Student D. Going Over My Lessons (B)浠诲姟鍨嬮槄璇?0鍒?姣忓皬棰?鍒嗭級( E ) As 2010 FIFA World Cup comes锛宖ans all over the world are wondering who will win the first place at the end of the competition Of the thirty-two strong teams, many people prefer Brazil, Spain, England and Argentina(闃挎牴寤凤級.Of course, the teams from France, Italy, Germany, and Portugal(钁¤悇鐗欙級are pretty strong, too. They probably have big chances of qualifying (鏁㈠緱璧?鏍硷級for the eight strongest teams. It's because of the shining stars and the wonderful teamwork. But we know that football is a special sport. Anything is possible! Some African national teams and many other teams may be the dark horses. We know that football is an exciting sport in the world. It's very popular in Europe, in South America and in other parts of the world Some football clubs take part in the national league matches (鑱旇禌锛?The professional football players play hard for their clubs to heat the other teams. The top team will be the winner of the league match. The most excellent players are chosen to join their national teams. It is the happiest thing for a professional football player to be chosen as a member of the national team. So when the thirty-two national teams come to 2010 World Cup in South Africa, the matches will attract(鍚稿紩) over three billion people. Beckham, Ronaldo and Zidane are no longer on their national teams for 2010 World Cup. More and more new shining stars like Kaka锛孧essi, C. Ronaldo and Rooney are playing for their teams hard. We are looking forward to the final match. It will be the most exciting moment when the winners hold the great cup above their heads. 86. Why do some national teams probably become the strongest eight teams? 87. The members of the national teams are very excellent, aren't they? 88. Where is 2010 FIFA World Cup held? 89. How many famous football stars are mentioned in the last paragraph? 90. What are welooking forward to according to this passage? [F]?娉ㄦ剰锛氭瘡绌??銆?Future and Today It is well known that everyone has his own dream as well as his own future. But do you know what future really is ? I have to say that future is now. That is to say we must treasure every minute now. If we want to have a bright future, we should know how important time is and use it well. There is an old English saying: 鈥淕ain time, gain life.鈥?Then what鈥檚time? Time is something that we can鈥檛see or touch, but we can feel it passing by. Time is always with us. When we are at table, time passes; when we play, time goes by unnoticeable. We always say 鈥淭ime is money鈥? but time is even more precious(鐝嶈吹鐨?than money, because when money is spent , we can earn it back. But if time is gone away, it will never return. So, some of us even say time is priceless(鏃犱环鐨?. We should always remember: future is now. For us students, we should try our best to work hard in order to create a great future of our own. We should make the best use of every hour and be the master of today. We should do everything before us as well as possible. And never put off what can be done today till tomorrow. As we all know , 鈥淭ime and tide wait for no man.鈥?If you waste today, you will regret tomorrow. So from now on, work hard. Tomorrow will be better, and your future will be brighter .Remember: 鈥淣o pains, no gains.鈥?Today鈥檚hard work is the cause of tomorrow鈥檚harvest. Title: Future and Today Opinions Supporting details Future is now. Everyone has his own dream as well as his own future. If we want to have a bright future, we should know the (91) of time and make every minute(92) . (93) is priceless. Time is money, but time is even more valuable than money, because when money is spent , we can earn it back. But (94) time will return no more. Be masters of today Today鈥檚hard work (95) to tomorrow鈥檚harvest. As students, we should never put off what can be done today till tomorrow and we should try our best to do everything well. VI?椤逛负澶氫綑閫夐」銆?_96_ One of the best things you can possibly do is to start you own club. It鈥檚great fun especially if you are the sort of person who feels there鈥檚never anything to do during the school holidays. The first thing you need to come up with is an idea for your club. _97_ Pets, clothes, pop music or dancing groups, sports, making things? The list is endless. Next you need some friends to be in your club with you. _98_ All you need is three or four other people who are interested in the same thing as you. _99___-You should all sit down somewhere together with lots of pieces of paper and write down every name you can think up. That鈥檒l keep you busy for ages. At your first meeting you should make up a rule book. And the first rule should be no grown-ups or little/big brothers or sisters! The best clubs are always secret! Now you have just about everything you need, except membership cards. These are very important and again you can speed a lot of time making them. __100__ Why not leave some space for a photo of yourself? That will make the membership card really look like it. So there you are, get clubbing! Once you get started you鈥檒l think of loads of more interesting things to do! A锛嶵hat鈥檚easy. B锛嶦njoy your own club! C锛嶪nvite a designer to join you. D 锛嶹hat are you interest in? E锛嶴ome vacation is just around the corner. F锛嶵hen you need to pick a name for your club. G锛嶶se a bright thick pen to make a special design.VII浣滄枃[A]?鍒濅笁骞寸骇鍔炲叕瀹?2012骞?鏈?____________________________________ _________ ______________________________________________________________________ ____________ _____ [B]?鎻愮ず锛岀敤缁?瑕佺偣鎻愮ず锛?锛庝汉涓庣ぞ浼2€佸笀闀裤€佸悓瀛︼紝璇氫俊浜掑姪3锛庝汉涓庤嚜鐒讹細鑳芥簮銆佺幆澧冦€佸姩妞嶇墿锛岀埍鎯滀繚鎶?4锛庝綘鐨勬€佸害锛?繁鎷熷畾) Dear fellow students, Our government is aiming to build a "harmonious society". I think it is every citizen锛噑duty to work hard to achieve this goal._____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ __________________________________ 鍙傝€冪瓟妗?-20 DCCBB鈥旵DCCD鈥旳BBCC--BCDAB 琛ュ叏瀵硅瘽銆?21.D 锟斤拷22.G 23.A 锟斤拷24.C 25.E 瀵硅瘽26 Because I saw a sad movie just now. / Because I have just seen a sad movie.27. I don' t like such a movie. / I don' t like sad movies. 28. Nice to meet you, too. 29. Why did you come here? / What did you come here for? 30. Would you like to go with us? / What about going with us? / Why not go with us? 31prefer to go to work /would go to work 32 have provided ;with lots of food 33 not only to his parents ;but also 34 pay attention to listening to 35 you don鈥檛hurry up 36 Is this the doctor (that/who) you talk about yesterday ? 37 I don鈥檛think such a little child/such little children can come up with ;so many ideas瀹屽舰CABDD鈥旵ABCC---DACBD noisy /to see / explanation /thrilled / hardly / be paid / first / their / sent / unhappy ВACDDA AABCC BCDAC ACDCA 85. Because of the shining stars and the wonderful teamwork.86. Yes, they are. 87. In South Africa. 88 Seven. 89. We are looking forward to the final match. 浠诲姟91importance/ value 92 useful/ valuable 93.Time94lost /missing/ past 95.leads/ contributes 96-100 EDAFG Dear fellow students, Ourgovernment is aiming to build a "harmonious society". I think it is every citizen锛噑duty to work hard to achieve this goal. As high school students, what should we do? First of all, we should love our motherland. Let鈥檚take a great interest in the development of our hometowns and take an active part in our school and activities. Secondly, let鈥檚fill the world with love. We should show our respect for old people, our parents and our teachers. We should also care for each other and help those in need. More importantly, all of us must be faithful and honest in our daily life. Finally, let鈥檚work together to save energy and protect our natural environment, including animals, trees, flowers and grass. As for myself, I will study even harder and try my best to do all the above. Dear fellow students, let锛噑start fight now and spare no effort/efforts to do a little bit every day, every hour, and every minute! Li Xiaolong Found September 1, 2011 A green school bag was found on the playground yesterday afternoon. Inside of which there are two new textbooks, exercise books, a pocket English鈥旵hinese dictionary and a pencil-box. Loser is expected to come to the Office of Senior Grade 3 to identify it.。
九年级物理中考模拟试题及答案
绝密★启用前试卷类型:A初中学业水平模拟考试九年级物理试题注意事项:1.试题分第Ⅰ、Ⅱ两卷,Ⅰ卷是选择题,Ⅱ题是非选择题,满分100分。
考试时间90分钟。
2.答第Ⅰ卷前务必将姓名、准考证号、考试科目、试卷类型填涂在答题卡上,并将密封线内的项目和座号填写清楚。
第Ⅰ卷(选择题共35分)一、本题共15小题,共35分。
1—10小题,每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一个是正确的,选对的每小题得2分;11—15小题,每小题给出的四个选项中,至少有一个是正确的,选对的每小题得3分,选对但不全的得2分,选错或不选的得0分。
请将正确答案用2B铅笔将答题卡上对应的答案标号涂黑。
1.下列四种现象中,由于光的直线传播形成的是A.插入水中的铅笔好像弯折了B.水中山的倒影C.屏幕上的手影D.瓶子在平面镜中的像2.下列各种实验现象,能说明声音产生原因的是A.放在玻璃钟罩内的电铃正在发声,把玻璃钟罩内的空气抽去一些后,铃声明显减弱B.把正在发声的收音机密封在塑料袋里,然后放入水中,人们仍能听到收音机发出的声音C.拨动吉他的琴弦发出声音时,放在弦上的小纸片会被琴弦弹开D.拉小提琴时,琴弦的松紧程度不同,发出的声音就不相同3.高老师戴着眼镜正在批作业,听到远处有学生叫她,为了看清该学生的容貌,高老师立即摘下眼镜跟这位学生打招呼.下列说法正确的是A.高老师所戴眼镜的镜片是凸透镜B.高老师所戴眼镜的镜片是凹透镜C.高老师所戴眼镜的镜片是平面镜D.高老师是近视眼4.如图,商场的电梯匀速向上运动,站在电梯上相对电梯静止的人受到的作用力有A.重力和支持力B.重力、支持力和水平向右的摩擦力C.重力、支持力和水平向左的摩擦力D.重力、支持力和斜向上的摩擦力5.大气对你一只手掌的上表面的压力最接近以下哪个数值A.10NB.100NC.1000ND.10000N6.某班同学在学了有关家庭电路的知识后安装了四盏电灯,你认为正确的是A. B. C. D.7.王东同学在厨房帮妈妈做饭时观察到了一些现象,并用所学物理知识进行了解释,其中解释不正确...的是 A.磨刀,是为了增大压强B.高压锅做饭熟的快,是因为压强增大,沸点升高C.打开电冰箱时冒出的“白烟”,是冰箱内蔬菜水果等蒸发产生的水蒸气D.电饭锅用三脚插头和三孔插座,是为了防止锅体漏电造成触电事故8.“跳远”是一项常见的体育运动.跳远运动员在比赛中都是先助跑一段距离后才起跳,这样做是为了A.增大了跳远运动员的惯性B.减小了跳远运动员的惯性C.增大了跳远运动员的动能D.减小了跳远运动员的动能9.发展经济和保护环境是当前经济建设中的热门话题.从提高生活水平出发有人认为发展经济最重要,也有人认为保护环境才是最重要.题中漫画反映的观点是A.经济比环保重B.环保比经济重C.经济与环保等重D.经济与环保都不重10.两个完全相同的容器中,分别盛有甲、乙两种液体,将完全相同的两个小球分别放入容器中,当两球静止时,液面相平,球所处的位置如图所示.甲、乙两种液体对容器底的压强大小9题分别为P 甲和P 乙,则它们的关系是A. P 甲<P 乙B. P 甲>P 乙C. P 甲=P 乙D.无法确定11.李明利用如图所示的实验装置探究电磁感应现象,他把装置中的直铜线ab 通过导线接在量程为3A 的电流表的两接线柱上,当让ab 迅速向右运动时,并未发现电流表指针明显偏转,你认为可能的原因是A.感应电流太小,无法使指针明显偏转B.铜线ab 太细,换用铜棒进行实验便能使指针明显偏转C.ab 运动方向不对,应将ab 改为向左运动D.磁场太弱12.下列说法中正确的是A.汽车从斜坡向下运动,受到的重力是垂直于坡面向下的B.关于磁悬浮列车减小摩擦的方法是使摩擦面脱离接触C.用放大镜观察物体,物体不论放在什么位置,都将得到放大的虚像D.小孔成像时像左右移动的方向与物体移动的方向相反13.自行车是我们熟悉的交通工具,它的结构及使用与我们学习的物理知识密切相关,下列对应关系中正确的是A.自行车把――费力杠杆B.自行车外胎表面有凸起的花纹――增大接触面粗糙程度增大摩擦C.下坡用力握车闸――增大压力增大摩擦D.上坡前快速蹬几下,容易上坡――动能转化为重力势能14.下列有关电磁波的描述,不正确的是A.可见光不是电磁波,红外线、紫外线是电磁波B.内部被抽成真空的玻璃罩能屏蔽电磁波C.根据公式c =λv 可以推断频率越高的电磁波,波速越大D.卫星通讯用的是微波,而光纤通讯中传播的是激光11题15.如右图所示的电路中,闭合开关S后,小灯泡L1、L2都正常发光,电表完好,如果电压表与电流表互换,下列说法不正确的是A.电压表示数不变,灯泡L1、L2不亮B.电压表示数变小,灯泡L1、L2变亮C.电流表示数变大,灯泡L1、L2变亮D.电流表、电源烧坏,灯泡L1、L2不亮15题绝密★启用前试卷类型:A 寿光市2007年初中学业水平模拟考试九年级物理试题2007.5第Ⅱ卷(非选择题共65分)说明:第Ⅱ卷共8页,用钢笔或圆珠笔将解答直接写在试卷上。
2013年武汉市中考数学模拟试题3勤学早(三)及标准答案
勤学早21013年武汉市四月调考逼真模拟试题(三)一、选择题(每小题3分,共10小置,共30分)1.在0,-3,1,2这四个数中,最小的数是( )A.0 B.-3 C .1 D.22.在函数y=错误!中,自变.量x 的取值范围是( )A x>2B .x≠0C .x <-2 D.x≠23.不等式组{0201≤->-x x 的解集在数轴上表示为( )4.下列事件中,必然事件是( )A.掷一枚硬币,正面朝上的概率是0.5.B.a 是实数,1+a ≥0.C.某运动员跳高的最好成绩是50.1米. D .从车间刚生产的产品中任意抽取一个,是次品.5.若方程x 2-3x -1=O的两根为x 1、x 2,则1x 1+\f(1,x 2)的值为( ) A. 3 B.- 错误! C.错误! D.-3 6.在水平的讲台上放置圆柱形水杯和长方体形粉笔盒如图所示,则它的主视图是( )7.如图,四边形ABPC 中,PA =PB =PC,且∠BP C=156°,那么∠B AC 的大小是( )A .l00°B.101°C.102°D.103°8.古希腊的毕达哥拉斯学派把1,3,6,10,…,这样的数称为“三角形数”,把1,4,9,16,……,这样的数称为“正方形数”.“三角形数”和“正方形数”之间存在如下图所示的关系:即两个相邻的“三角形数”的和为一个“正方形数”,则下列等式中,符合以上规律的是( )A.6+15=21B.36+45=81C.9+16=25D.30+34=649.某校参加区教育局举办的学生英语口语竞赛,比赛结束后,发现学生成绩分别为7分、8分、9分、10分(满分为10分),依据统计数据绘制了如下尚不完整的统计图表,根据图中信息,这些学生的平均分数是( )A . 8.5 B.8.46 C 8.36 D .8.2510.为美化小区环境,某小区有一块面积为30mz 的等腰三角形草地,测得其一边长为10m.现要给这块三角形草地围上白色的低矮栅栏,现在准备这种低矮栅栏的长度分别有以下三种:①10+2,61米;②20+2错误!米;③20+6错误! 米,则符合要求的是( )A.只有①②B.只有①③ C .只有②③ D.①②③二、填空题(每小题3分,共6题,共18分)l l.cos60°=________.12.光年是天文学中的距离单位,1光年约是95km .数据9 500 000 000000用科学计数法表示为_________.13.某校羽毛球训练队共有8名队员,他们的年龄(单位:岁)分别为:12,1.3 ,13,14,12,13,15,13,则他们年龄的众数为________,中位数为________.14.甲、乙二人从A、B 两地同时出发相向而行,相遇后,甲立即返回,先于乙回到A 地,两人相距的路程y(千米)与行驶时间,(小时)之间的函数关系如图所示,则乙从B 地到A 地需时间________.15.直线y =-错误!x+2k 与双曲线y=-错误! ,其中k >0,交于B、C 两点(其中B 在点C 的上方),直线与y 轴的交点为A 点,若AB+AC=错误!,则k 的值是________.16.在平面直角坐标系中,直线y=-x+6分别与x轴、y 轴交于点A 、B两点,点C 在y 轴左边,且∠AC B=90°,则点C 的横坐标x c 的取值范围是________.三、解答题(共9题,共72分)17.(本题6分)解分式方程:xx 32121=+.18.(本题6分)在平面直角坐标系中,直线2-=kx y 经过点(-2,2),求不等式2-kx >0的解集,19.(本题6分)如图,AE =BF ,∠A=∠B,点C 、D 在线段AB 上,连接DE 、CF 、D E与CF 相交于点0.且AC=BD .求证:DE =CF20.(本题7分)如图所示的地面被分成8个全等的三角形区域,其中,标有字母a 、b 、c 、d 的4个。
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2013年中考网上阅卷适应性训练试卷语文一(25分)1.用课文原句填空。
(10分)(1)老骥伏枥,▲。
(曹操《龟虽寿》)(2)▲ ,浅草才能没马蹄。
(白居易《钱塘湖春行》)(3)夜阑卧听风吹雨,▲。
(陆游《十一月四日风雨大作》)(4)▲,清风半夜鸣蝉。
(辛弃疾《西江月夜行黄沙道中》)(5)一鼓作气,▲ ,▲ 。
(《曹刿论战》)(6)人们常常引用李商隐《无题》中“________▲_______ ,▲ ”的诗句来赞颂那些献身事业的人。
(7)悄悄地我走了,▲;▲ ,不带走一片云彩。
(徐志摩《再别康桥》)下面是某县图书馆的借书规则和办证须知,阅读后完成2~5题。
(15分)【材料一】借书规则1.图书馆外借处的图书实行开架借阅,读者凭本馆借阅证借阅图书。
2.借书程序:进入书库的读者请自觉拿取代书板进入书库选书,防止弄乱书架。
出书库时,带回代书板,然后办理借书手续。
语文试卷第1 页(共7页)3.借阅规则:一证最多可借2册书(不超过押金,成人押金50元,少年押金30元),每次借书期限不超过30天。
若到期仍需继续借阅,须将图书带来办理续借手续(只准续借一次)。
4.读者所借图书须按期归还!过期而未办理,按超期天数计算,每天收取逾期费0.1元/册。
5.借阅证限本人使用,请妥善保管,如不慎遗失,应及时挂失或补证。
未及时挂失、补证所造成的损失,由读者自行承担。
补证收取工本费5元。
6.读者不得将个人书刊、书包带入库内。
书库内禁止吸烟、吃东西、乱扔zhǐxiè等杂物,禁止大声xuānhuá,妨碍他人借书。
7.做文明读者,爱护图书资源,不要涂、刻、划、撕扯图书,以免影响他人阅读和图书借还。
如有违反借阅规则,造成图书损遗失,按图书馆有关规定chǔfá。
8.办理外借手续时,请当面检查所借图书是否有涂画污损,如发现上述情况,请向工作人员反映。
【材料二】办证须知3.借书规则中的划线部分有语病,标点使用也不规范。
请加以改正。
(4分)读者所借图书须按期归还!过期而未办理,按超期天数计算,每天收取逾期费0.1元/册。
语病修改意见:▲▲▲语文试卷第2 页(共7页)标点修改意见:▲▲▲4.小李现年12周岁,从未去过该图书馆,如果你是该图书馆的志愿者,请你给电话咨询的小李具体建议,以便他顺利办好借书证。
(3分)小李:喂!你好!是××县图书馆吗?请问怎样办理你们的借书证?志愿者:▲ ▲ ▲认真阅读。
假如你是5.小李在外借处看中了下面几本书,不知道怎么选择,想一次性借出去......图书馆的志愿者,你会给他怎样的建议?(提示:结合上面的材料和作品内容)(5分)《水浒传》《朝花夕拾》《骆驼祥子》《鲁滨逊漂流记》《格列佛游记》▲ ▲ ▲二(60分)阅读下面岑参的两首同题诗,完成6~7题。
(6分)山房春事岑参其一风恬日暖荡春光,戏蝶游蜂乱.入房。
数枝门柳低衣桁,一片山花落笔床。
其二梁园日暮乱.飞鸦,极目萧条三两家。
庭树不知人去尽,春来还发旧时花。
【注释】春事:春天的景象。
6.两首诗都用了“乱”字,所表现的情境有什么区别?(3分)▲▲▲7.两首诗分别表达了作者怎样的情感?(3分)▲▲▲阅读下面的文言文,完成8~12题。
(16分)柳敬亭传(节选)黄宗羲柳敬亭者扬之泰州人,本姓曹。
年十五,犷悍无赖①,犯法当死,变姓柳,之盱眙市中为人说书,已能倾动②其市人。
久之,过江,云间有儒生莫后光③见之,曰:“此子机变④,可使以其技鸣⑤。
”于是谓之曰:“说书虽小技,然必句⑥性情,习方俗,如优孟摇头而歌,而后可以得志。
”敬亭退而凝神定气,简练揣摩,期月而诣莫生。
生曰:“子之说,能使人欢咍嗢噱⑦矣。
”又期月,生:“子之说,能使人慷慨涕泣矣。
”又期月,生喟然曰:“子言未发而哀乐具和乎其前,使人之性情不能自主,盖进乎技矣。
”由是之扬,之杭,之金陵,名达于缙绅⑧间。
华堂旅会⑨,闲亭独坐,争延之使奏其技,无不当于心称善也。
语文试卷第3 页(共7页)【注释】①无赖:刁钻,不讲道理。
②倾动:使人倾倒动容。
③莫后光:人名。
下文的“优孟”也是人名。
④机变:机敏灵活。
⑤鸣:扬声名。
⑥句:同“勾”,勾画。
⑦欢咍嗢噱:欢快大笑。
⑧缙绅:指官绅。
⑨旅会:大聚会。
(2分)8.用斜线(/)标出下面句子的朗读停顿。
每句标一处.....(1)柳敬亭者扬之泰州人(2)使人之性情不能自主9.写出下列句子中加点词的意思。
(4分)(1)犯法当死.(▲)(2)之.盱眙市中为人说书(▲)而诣莫生(▲)(3)习.方俗(▲)(4)期月..10.用现代汉语写出文中画线句的意思。
(4分)争延之使奏其技,无不当于心称善也。
▲▲▲11.文中画线句是否可以删掉?为什么?(3分)▲▲▲12.柳敬亭最终能够技艺精熟、被人“称善”的原因有哪些?(3分)▲▲▲阅读下面一篇文章,完成13~16题。
(18分)宇宙观测“新大门”如何开启——丁肇中和阿尔法磁谱仪的故事①无所不在又无迹可寻的暗物质粒子,似乎正从理论预言走向现实。
北京时间昨天凌晨,诺奖得主丁肇中率领的团队首次公布了观测宇宙射线18个月后得出的结论,其与暗物质粒子模型相当吻合。
成果虽有待进一步完善和验证,但无疑点燃了学界对破解暗物质之谜的热情和信心。
②这个堪称人类最昂贵实验的支点,就是阿尔法磁谱仪(AMS),它让人类首次打开了一扇从太空观测宇宙射线的大门。
赶赴太空探测粒子③数百年来,人类观测宇宙主要是借助望远镜搜集远方传来的光。
但暗物质不发光,要了解它就得另辟蹊径。
④除了光子,宇宙中飞行着大量高能粒子(即“宇宙射线”)。
但与光子不同,这些粒子带电、有质量,穿透大气层时很容易发生反应,变成次生粒子,其种类、性质等都发生变化。
要直接从宇宙射线中搜集原始的信息,就必须避开大气层。
阿尔法磁谱仪就是一台直接在太空中运行的高能粒子探测器。
⑤阿尔法磁谱仪重7吨,能耗2500瓦,主体是直径1.3米、高0.8米的空心圆柱体,中央有强大的人造磁场,外围布置着各种高精度探测器。
根据电磁原理,带正电和负电的粒子通过磁场后,会朝不同方向偏转,这就能区分并获得宇宙中各类高能粒子的参数。
⑥但要把大型磁铁送入太空并不容易。
若没有特殊技术,磁体会把飞行器变成指南针,在地磁场的作用下,航天飞机、空间站很容易失控。
过去40年,虽有人也想过在太空架设磁谱仪,但一直没有成功。
中国智慧解决难题⑦丁肇中团队荟萃了16个国家的数百名研究人员。
在许多场合,他都表达了对“中国智慧”和中国研究者的感谢。
语文试卷第4 页(共7页)语文试卷 第 5 页(共7页)⑧丁肇中最感谢的,应该是帮他解决将强磁体送入太空难题的中科院电工所、中科院高能所、中国运载火箭技术研究院等中国科研机构。
中国科学院电工所提供的阿尔法磁谱仪核心磁体,采用了独特的磁路设计,重量轻、无漏磁,而且非常可靠。
⑨这块磁体由4000块小磁铁组成,丁肇中曾做过破坏性试验,防止在极端情况下有磁体飞出,击穿飞行器从而酿成大祸,结果让他非常放心。
磁体最终顺利通过了美国国家航空航天局严格的安全审查,成为人类送入宇宙的第一块大型磁体。
为防犯错近乎苛刻⑩由于阿尔法磁谱仪独一无二的地位,它的数据、衍生的结论难以被第三方验证。
因此,丁肇中对“不出错”的要求近乎苛刻:“我想今后50年里也不可能有人再做这么大、这么困难的实验了。
”○11阿尔法磁谱仪的很多部件,都做了10到20个,然后选出最好的一个。
升空后,丁肇中每天都召集会议,分析仪器运行,研究如何减少误差。
他将数据分析团队分成两个小组,互不通气,独立拿出自己的结论,用这种特殊机制保证结果的可信度。
○12丁肇中说,做实验要有自信,但这是一种战略上的自信,实际操作中,他要求所有人对任何仪器都报以怀疑,以此保持足够的谨慎。
在首篇论文发表之际,丁肇中仍对外强调保持冷静和耐心。
他说,搞清目前发现的正电子的来源,可能还需要一段时间。
研究者必须抛弃偏见,秉持开放的态度。
他说,项目才“刚刚开始”,目前收集到的数据是阿尔法磁谱仪预期收集数据的10%左右,还有很多未知等待探测。
(选自《文汇报》2013年4月5日期,略有改动)13.丁肇中说“我想今后50年里也不可能有人再做这么大、这么困难的实验了”。
联系全文....,归纳这个实验“这么大、这么困难”具体指哪些?(5分)▲ ▲ ▲14.说说文中画线句中加点部分的作用。
(4分)(1)无所不在又无迹可寻的暗物质粒子,似乎..正从理论预言走向现实。
▲ ▲ ▲(2)磁体最终顺利..通过了美国国家航空航天局严格的...安全审查 ▲ ▲ ▲15.下面一段话作为一个独立段落........,你觉得放在文中什么位置比较合适?说说理由。
(5分) 此外,山东大学的热控制系统、东南大学的计算机系统、中山大学的冷却系统等,都为整个项目作出了重大贡献。
应放在: ▲ ▲ ▲ 理 由: ▲ ▲ ▲16.阅读下面的材料,你发现丁肇中和伽利略有哪些相似之处?(4分)基于长期的经验,我似乎发现,人们在认识事物时处于这种境地:知识愈浅薄的人,愈想夸夸其谈;相反知识丰富倒使人在判断某些事物时,变得非常优柔寡断。
(《我们的知识是有限的》伽利略)教学之余,伽利略更忙于实验。
他说,他的目的是重新检验亚里土多德有关科学的学说,而不是把这些学说当做福音真理来接受。
他发现真理的道路,不是靠背诵亚里士多德的著作,而是通过学习“大自然这本宝书”。
(《斜塔上的实验》亨利•托马斯等)▲▲▲阅读下面一篇文章,完成17~21题。
(20分)蚕豆曾必荣①北京我没去过。
②汪曾祺在《食豆饮水斋闲笔》之《蚕豆》中道:“北京人是不大懂吃新鲜蚕豆的。
北京人爱吃扁豆、豇豆,而对蚕豆不赏识。
”单从这一点上,我就不羡慕北京人。
③我生在江北边,现居江南岸。
江南江北蚕豆好,叫我如何不爱它?我爱吃新鲜蚕豆,尤其是现在。
而在小时候,我却偏爱吃老蚕豆。
④小时家贫,零食稀有。
逢上年节日,若能装上半裤袋的蚕豆,我就什么都不去想了。
这种把晒干的蚕豆,和着“油沙”炒熟,当零食吃的蚕豆,在我的故乡,并没有特别的称谓。
蚕豆就叫蚕豆,“站不更名,坐不改姓”,像铁打的汉子,其硬无比。
——牙齿不好的人,是难享这口福的。
⑤边吃蚕豆边玩,最是有趣。
显富,让伙伴瞧见,必定引来眼巴巴的问:吃么东西,把点我吃吃?⑥没吃呀。
⑦没吃——?你把嘴张开给我看看。
⑧连咽几口口水,还是留下了蛛丝马迹,无话可说了,只得把手伸进口袋,摸索好一阵子,撮出几粒蚕豆,说:给,剩的不多了。
⑨把这一点点?⑩嫌少,有本事你就不要。
等我要缩回手时,伙伴就一把把蚕豆抓走,自言自语地说:少吃多有味,多吃味不高。
○11还和弟弟比赛,看谁把蚕豆抛得高,并用嘴巴接住。
输的一方,进贡蚕豆。
这可是我的拿手好戏。
弟弟输急了,拔腿就跑,我紧追不舍。
捉住了,就从弟弟的口袋里狠狠地抓上一把,旋即逃之夭夭了。