oracle密码文件文件
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oracle密码⽂件⽂件
密码⽂件作⽤:
密码⽂件⽤于dba⽤户的登录认证。
dba⽤户:具备sysdba和sysoper权限的⽤户,即oracle的sys和system⽤户。
本地登录:
1)操作系统认证:
[oracle@localhost ~]$ sqlplus "/as sysdba"
[oracle@localhost ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
[oracle@localhost ~]$ sqlplus sys/tiger as sysdba
2)密码⽂件认证:
[oracle@localhost ~]$ sqlplus sys/tiger@rezin as sysdba
远程密码⽂件登录:
[oracle@localhost ~]$ sqlplus sys/tiger@192.168.96.141:1521/orcl as sysdba
密码⽂件位置:
linux/unix:[oracle@localhost ~]$ ls $ORACLE_HOME/dbs/orapw$ORACLE_SID
/u01/oracle/10g/dbs/orapworcl
/u01/oracle/10g/dbs/orapwrezin
windows:$ORACLE_HOME/oradate/orapw$ORACLE_SID
密码⽂件查找顺序:
1)opapw<sid>
2)orapw
以上两个都查找不到,验证失败。
密码⽂件认证还是OS认证:
1)参数⽂件:remote_login_passwordfile=none|exclusive|shared
none:不使⽤密码⽂件认证
exclusive:使⽤密码⽂件认证,⾃⼰独占使⽤(默认)
shared:使⽤密码⽂件认证,不同实例dba⽤户可以共享密码⽂件(asm下必须使⽤)
2)$ORACLE_HOME/network/admin/sqlnet.ora⽂件下:
SQLNET.AUTHENTICATION_SERVICES =none|all|nts(linux下默认没有设置)
none:关闭OS认证,只能密码⽂件认证
all:linux平台关闭本机密码⽂件认证,采⽤操作系统认证,但是远程(异机)可以密码⽂件认证 nts:windows下使⽤(桶linux下all)
练习:
1)配置:remote_login_passwordfile=exclusive
SQLNET.AUTHENTICATION_SERVICES =none
结果:可以密码⽂件认证(本地/远超),不可以操作系统认证
SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Sat Mar 14 19:00:39 2015 Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.
:
Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP and Data Mining options
SQL> exit
Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP and Data Mining options ??
[oracle@localhost ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba(OS认证)
SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Sat Mar 14 19:00:51 2015 Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.
ERROR:
ORA-01031: insufficient privileges
Enter user-name:
或
[oracle@localhost ~]$ sqlplus "/as sysdba"(OS认证)
SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Sat Mar 14 19:01:04 2015 Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.
ERROR:
ORA-01031: insufficient privileges
Enter user-name:
2)配置:remote_login_passwordfile=exclusive
SQLNET.AUTHENTICATION_SERVICES =all
结果:本机密码⽂件认证不可⽤,但是远程密码⽂件认证可⽤,本机OS认证可⽤[oracle@localhost ~]$ sqlplus "/as sysdba"(本机OS认证登录成功)
SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Sat Mar 14 19:45:35 2015 Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP and Data Mining options
[oracle@localhost ~]$ sqlplus sys/tiger@orcl as sysdba(本机密码⽂件认证失败)SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Sat Mar 14 19:46:52 2015 Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.
ERROR:
ORA-12641: Authentication service failed to initialize
Enter user-name: