形容词用法概述教案

形容词用法概述教案
化起中学彭启兵
一、形容词
形容词修饰名词，说明人或事物的性质、特征或状态。

1、形容词的种类
①性质形容词
这一类形容词能够直接表示事物的性质或特征，有级的变化，并且可以使用程度副词加以修饰。

例如：good, large, light(轻的), beautiful等。

大多数形容词都属于这一类。

②叙述形容词
这一类形容词又叫作表语形容词(因为它们只能作表语)，没有级的变化，也不能用程度副词加以修饰。

多数以 a 为开头的形容词都属此类。

例如：alone(单独的)，afraid(害怕的)， asleep(睡着的)，alive(活着的)，awake(醒着的)，worth(值得的)，unable(不可能的)， ill(病的)。

这些形容词只能作表语，不能作定语。

二、形容词的一般用法以及在句子充当的成分：
1、作前置定语，一般放在所修饰词的前面。

例如：It’s a cold and windy day.
He is a clever boy.
He lives a very happy life.
※ 2、作后置定语，当形容词修饰的是由some,any,every,no等构成的不定代词时，放在不定代词之后。

如something,anything,everyone,nobody.
例如：Would you like something hot to drink？
Have you ever read anything interesting?
I'd like something cheaper.
3.作表语，放在系动词的后面。

例如：He is/looks happy today.
The boy is very clever.
You look ill.你看似生病了。

He was asleep.他在睡觉。

两类特殊的一般只能作表语的形容词：
1、表示健康状况的。

如：He is very well.You look ill.
2、以前缀a-开头的词。

如：afraid害怕；alone独自的；asleep睡着的；awake醒着的；alive活着的；well健康的；ill病的；frightened害怕的
例如：The man is ill.(正)
The ill man is my uncle.(误)
The two brothers are very alike.
I was alone in the house last night.
He was asleep.
Although he is old, he is very alive.
※以a-开头的形容词一般不能单独置于名词前作前置修饰语。

如：不能说
An asleep baby an alive fish
但若它们不是单独出现，作修饰语，则可以做前置修饰语。

如：a somewhat afraid solider
The fast asleep baby
A really alive/lively student
3、形容词作宾语补语：
如：He found the cottage very beautiful.
I consider him honest.
4、只能作定语的形容词：little小的；only唯一的；wooden木质的；woolen羊毛质的；elder年长的
例如，My elder brother is in Beijing.(正)
My brother is elder. (误)
This is a wooden table.(正)
The table is wooden.(误)
5、貌似副词的形容词：注意下列以-ly 结尾的形容词，不要错记为副词。

lovely 可爱的 friendly 友好的 brotherly 兄弟般的 lively 活泼的 fatherly 慈父般的orderly 有秩序的sisterly 姐妹般的deadly 致命的lonely 孤独的likely 可能的 beastly 野兽般的 ugly 丑陋的
注意：一些与时间有关的以-ly结尾的词汇可以作形容词，也可以作副词：daily 每日(的)，week ly 每周(的)，monthly 每月(的)，yearly 每年(的)，hourly 每小时(的)。

注意：有一些形容词不加-ly仍可作副词使用：late, early, hard, fast, straight, clean, clear, cheap, long, half等。

判断这些词的词性要看它们在句中所起的作用。

I gave him a straight answer.
我给了他一个直截了当的回答。

(形容词)
I gave him an answer straight.
我直接给了他一个回答。

(副词)
I'm sorry I'm late.
抱歉我迟到了。

(形容词)
Don't come late again.
别再迟到了。

(副词
6、复合形容词：snow-white雪白的 English-speaking说英语的；glass-topped玻璃罩的；full-time全日制的；well-known众所周知的；kind-hearted善良的；man-made人造的；take-away可以带走的；ten-year-old十岁的。

三、形容词作前置定语修饰名词的顺序：
1、若为同一层次形容词，则词序长的在后。

如：It was a rainy, windy, freezing, day.
2、不同层次的则涉及排列词序问题。

一般排序规则为：
限定词数词表示说话人评价的形容词（如
well-known,famous,beautiful,honest,charming,
interesting,cheap,expensive,）表示大小，长短，形状，新旧的形容词表示
颜色的形容词---表示国别，来源（出处），材料性质的形容词——表类别形容词——名词
The town's charming old English church
A well-known German medical school
The man's dirty little old black shirt
A beautiful small round new red Chinese wooden table
典型例题:
1） Tony is going camping with ___ boys.
A. little two other
B. two little other
C. two other little
D. little other two
2） One day they crossed the ____bridge behind the palace.
A. old Chinese stone
B. Chinese old stone
C. old stone Chinese
D. Chinese stone old
3） ---- How was your recent visit to Qingdao?
---- It was great. We visited some friends，and spent the ___days at the seaside.（高考题）
A. few last sunny
B. last few sunny
C. last sunny few
D. few sunny last
四、补充知识点：限定词的顺序问题：
限定词分为前位，中位，后位限定词。

按照“前位+中位+后位”的顺序排序。

前位限定词：包括倍数（double,twice,thrice,triple三倍的，three times），分数（one-third,two-fifths）以及all,both,half,such(a/an)等。

中位限定词包括冠词（a,an,the），指示代词（this,that,these,those）物主代词（my,your,his,her,their）所有格（Mary's, my friend's）不定代词（some,any,no,every,each）疑问代词（what，which,whose）以及either,neither,enough 等。

后位限定词包括基数词（one，two,three...）序数词（first,second,third...）以及next,last,other,another,many,much,(a)few,（a）little,more,less.most,several等。

如：all his/the four teachers
All those last few days
若只含有其中两类限定词，仍然按照上述顺序排列：
如：half his lecture(前+中)
Those last few months（中+后+后）
Such a bad boy
Some such students
Several hundred guests
五、由分词转化而来的形容词：
分词形容词是由动词分词转化而来的形容词，基本上和形容词起相同作用。

常作名词修饰语。

有比较级和最高级形式。

如：The film was very interesting.
Smith is a very experienced doctor in the hospital.
A)由---ing分词转化来的形容词：常常表示“令人。

”表主动意义，行进中意义。

Absorbing十分精彩的，吸引人的,amusing令人发笑的，逗人的,astonishing令人震惊的，
boring令人厌烦的，无聊的，charming，迷人的，有魅力的，comforting令人安慰的，confusing令人困惑，费解的，demanding要求高的，苛刻的，disappointing令人失望的，discouraging令人灰心丧气的，encouraging，令人鼓舞的，exciting，令人兴奋的，interesting，有趣的，frightening，吓人的，令人害怕的，misleading误导人的，worrying 令人担忧的
如：It is worring that he hasn't come back home yet.
B）由---ed分词转化来的形容词：常常表示“感到。

”含被动意义。

完成意义。

Amazed感到惊讶的，bored感到厌烦的，disappointed，embarrassed感到尴尬的，distinguished不同的，有区别的，educated受过教育的，frightened感到吃惊的，hurried 匆忙的，excited，interested感兴趣的，satisfied感到满意的，surprised，unexpected 出乎意料的，worried感到担心的。

如：His mother is very worried that he hasn't come back home yet.
C）主动意义vs被动意义：
Boiling water正在沸腾的水 vs boiled water煮开了的水
A charming girl迷人的姑娘vs charmed girl 着了魔的姑娘
Exciting news令人振奋的消息vs excited student兴奋的学生
A frightening story吓人的故事vs a frightened women受惊的妇女
形容词常见句型：
六、形容词常用句型
1.“It’s +adj.+of+sb.+不定式”表示“某人(做某事)怎么样”。

注意：这一句型中常用描述行为者的性格、品质的形容词，如good(好的)，kind(友善的)，nice(友好的)，polite(有礼貌的)，clever(聪明的)，foolish(愚蠢的)，lazy(懒惰的)，careful(细心的)，careless(粗心的)，wise(明智的)，right(正确的)，wrong(错误的)等。

例如，It’s very kind of you to help me.(=You are very kind to help me.)你能帮助我，真好。

It’s very rude of her to say such words.(=She is very rude to say such words.)她说这样的话，真粗鲁。

It's foolish of him to go alone.(=He is foolish to go alone.)他单独出去太傻了。

It's very good of his father to teach him a lesson.
It's very nice of my mother to buy a new schoolbag for me.
It's very polite of him to say "hello" to his teacher.
It's very clever of Mary to solve such a difficult problem.
It's very lazy of Tom to not wash his face for three days.
It's right/wise of Lily to refuse that stranger's invitation.
It's wise of you to give up smoking.
It's careless of him to forget to bring his textbook with him.
2.“It’s+adj.+for+sb.+不定式”表示“做某事对某人来说怎么样”。

注意：这一句型中常用的形容词有important(重要的)，necessary(必要的)，difficult(困难的)，easy(容易的)，hard(艰难的)，dangerous(危险的)，safe(安全的)，useful(有益的)，pleasant(舒适的)，interesting(有趣的)，impossible(不可能的)等。

例如，It’s not easy for them to learn a foreign language.(=To learn a foreign language is not easy for them.)对于他们来说学好一门外语不容易。

It’s very important for students to listen to teachers carefully.(=To listen to teachers carefully is very important for students.)对于学生来说上课认真听老师讲课是非常重要的。

It’s necessary for us to get to school on time.(=To get to school on time is necessary for us.)对于我们来说按时到校是非常必要的。

It's difficult/hard for me to make him forgive me because i made a big mistake.
It's dangerous to drive too fast on so narrow a road.
It's useful for her to do more exercise in order to lose weight.
It's pleasant to sit in a house with an air conditioner when it's terribly hot outside.
It's impossible for you to finish so much homework today, so let's play basketball!
3.表示感情或情绪的形容词，如glad(高兴的)，happy, pleased(高兴的)，sad(忧伤的)，thankful(感激的),angry,embarrassed尴尬的,disappointed感到失望的,excited,兴奋的worried,impatient不耐烦的,proud骄傲的,confused感到困惑的,satisfied感到满意的,surprised感到惊讶的等常接不定式。

例如，Glad to see you.见到你非常高兴。

I’m very sad to hear the bad news.听到这个坏新闻，我非常难过。

I am so happy/glad/pleased/excited/satisfied/proud/ to hear your success.of passing the exam.
4.表示能力和意志的形容词，如ready(乐意的，有准备的)，able(有能力的)，sure(一定)，certain(一定)等常接不定式。

例如，Lei Feng is always ready to help others.雷锋总是乐于助人。

He is sure to get to school on time.他一定会按时到校。

附：
常见形容词和介词搭配的用法：
Be anxious about/for 对。

感到焦虑，担心
He is anxious for/about his mother's health.
Be busy with/at/about sth
Be careful with 对。

小心
Please be careful with these glasses.
当心这些玻璃杯。

Be concerned about/with...对。

关心，担心
They are concerned about/with the result of the match.
Be different from 与。

不同
She is quite different from her friends.
Be patient to/with对，。

有耐心
You must be patient to a child.
Be pleased with...对。

感到高兴，开心
He is pleased with the gift礼物.
Be skillful at/in sth 擅长于。

Tom is skillful at/in painting.
Be angry about sth对。

发脾气
Be angry with sb
Be annoyed with sb对。

烦恼/生气
Be annoyed for/at sth
Be confident of/in...对。

有信心
Be disappointed at/about sth对。

失望
Be disappointed with ab
Sth is familiar to sb某人对某事熟悉
Sb is familiar with sth
如：He is familiar with the song.=The song is familiar to him. Be responsible for sth对某人负责
Be responsible to sb对某事负责
Parents should be responsible to their children.
The taxi-driver is responsible for the accident.
Be thankful to sb for sth因某事对某人表示感谢
Be thankful for sth
I am very thankful to you for your help.
Be good at sth擅长于。

Be good for sb/sth对。

有益
Eatting vegetables is good for your health.
Mary is good at playing the piano.
Tom is good at playing basketball。