山东省广饶县高考英语一轮复习 阅读理解(暑假)系列练习(三)

山东广饶县2017高考英语阅读理解暑假系列练习
【2016届石家庄市高中毕业班质量检测（二）试题】阅读理解。

阅读下面短文，选择最佳答案填空。

A
I grew up in a family that ate dinner together every evening. Although my parents enjoyed wine, they rarely drank during the week and always in moderation (节制). As for myself, I wasn’t interested in alcoholic drinks and neither were my high school friends.
So when I arrived on campus for my first year of university life, I was a bit shocked. Many different events had been organized for the freshmen, but they all had one thing in common ―alcohol, and plenty of it. Not wanting to be left out, I joined a few of the events. But I always returned home early, feeling disappointed. Your personality, interests and experiences didn’t matter at all, only how many alcoholic drinks you could absorb before passing out (喝醉). It seemed shallow to me. I wanted to get to know my new coursemates, not how fast they could down a pint of beer.
Gradually, however, I realized that r eal friends don’t judge you by how much you can drink and there were other ways of making friends. I joined a photography society, took a first aid course, and every weekend I went cycling with a coursemate. I found that by engaging in these activities and sharing the fun of learning new skills together in a group, I formed much stronger bonds with my new friends than even the strongest alcoholic drinks could encourage.
Another valua ble lesson I learned is that it’s perfectly okay to say “No” if you don’t want to drink. However, in many Western societies, especially the UK, binge drinking (狂喝) has become the norm. Many people who drink don’t necessarily want to, but they give in to the peer pressure (同伴压力)―they’re afraid to say “No”.
1. What shocked the author when he entered university?
A. The strange campus.
B. The popularity of alcohol.
C. The drunken coursemates.
D. The limited activities.
2. Why did the author return home early from the events at first?
A. He wasn’t good at drinking.
B. He had no familiar coursemates.
C. He hated the way people got along.
D. He was left out by the organizers.
3. How did the author finally make real friends at university?
A. By saying “No” to alcoholic drinks.
B. By staying away from group activities.
C. By giving in to the peer pressure.
D. By joining people with common interests.
参考答案BCD
【2013】阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C、D）中，选出最佳选项。

About 30 years ago, I left Cuba for the United States with my son. After getting settled finally in Brunswick, New Jersey, I enrolled(注册) my son in kindergarten. Several weeks later, my son's teacher asked me to meet him at his office.
In the teacher's office, an exchange of greetings was followed by his questions：“Is your son mentally retarded(弱智的)? Does he suffer from any kind of mental disability？”
Was he talking about my wonderful Scola? No, no, it can't be. What a helpless, lonely moment!
I told him that Scola was a quiet, sweet little boy, instead. I asked him why he was asking me all these questions.
My son could not follow the teacher's directions, he told me, and thus, Scola was disrupting the class. Didn't he know my son did not speak English yet?
He was angry：“Why hasn't your son been taught to speak English? Don't you speak English at home？”
No, I didn't speak English at home, I replied. I was sure my son would learn English in a couple of months, and I didn't want him to forget his native language. Well, wrong answer! What kind of person would not speak in English to her son at home and at all times? “Are you one of those people who come to this country to save dollars and send them back to their country, never wanting to be a part of this society？”
Needless to say, I tried to tell him I was not one of “those people”. Then he told me the meeting was over, and I left.
As I had expected, my son learned to speak English fluently before the school year was over. He went on to graduate from college and got a job, earning close to six figures. He travels widely and leads a well－adjusted, contented life. And he has benefited from being bilingual(双语的)．Speaking more than one language allows people to communicate with others; it teaches people about other cultures and other places—something very basic and obviously lacking in the “educator” I met in New Jersey.
57．The teacher asked the author to his office ________．
A．to discuss Scola's in－class performance
B．to get Scola enrolled in kindergarten
C．to find a language partner for Scola
D．to work out a study plan for Scola
58．What does the underlined word “disrupting” in Paragraph 4 probably mean?
A．Breaking. B．Following.
C．Attending. D．Disturbing.
59．The author's attitude towards being bilingual may best be described as ________．
A．critical B．casual
C．positive D．passive
60．This text is likely to be selected from a book of________．
A．medicine B．education
C．geography D．history
【要点综述】本文作者通过说明自己儿子学习语言的过程和他最后的成功经历，说明了“双语”学习的重要性。

57．A 推理判断题。

根据第二和第四段可知，学校老师让作者去学校的目的是为了探讨作者的儿子在学校的表现，选A。

58．D 词义猜测题。

disrupting所在句子的意思是：他告诉我，我儿子经常不按老师的指令做，他经常干扰课堂。

由此可知此处该词的意思是“干扰”，选D。

59．C 推理判断题。

通读最后一段可知作者对于“双语”学习持积极、肯定的态度，选C。

60．B 推理判断题。

本文探讨的是关于孩子的教育问题，由此可以推断出本文选自教育类书刊，选B。

【2013】阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C、D）中，选出最佳选项。

No one knows for sure when advertising first started. It is possible that it grew out of the discovery that some people did certain kinds of work better than others did them. That led to the concept of specialization, which means that people would specialize, or focus, on doing one specific job.
Let's take a man we'll call Mr. Fielder, for example. He did everything connected with farming. He planted seeds, tended the fields, and harvested and sold his crops. At the same time, he did many other jobs on the farm. However, he didn't make the bricks for his house, cut his trees into boards, make the plows(犁), or any of the other hundreds of things a farm needs. Instead, he got them from people who specialized in doing each of those things.
Suppose there was another man we shall call Mr. Plowright. Using what he knew about farming and working with iron, Mr. Plowright invented a plow that made farming easier. Mr. Plowright did not really like farming himself and wanted to specialize in making really good plows. Perhaps, he thought, other farmers will trade what they grow for one of my plows.
How did Mr. Plowright let people know what he was doing? Why, he advertised, of course. First
he opened a shop and then he put up a sign outside the shop to attract customers. That sign may have been no more than a plow carved into a piece of wood and a simple arrow pointing to the shop door. It was probably all the information people needed to find Mr. Plowright and his really good plows.
Many historians believe that the first outdoor signs were used about five thousand years ago. Even before most people could read, they understood such signs. Shopkeepers would carve into stone, clay, or wood symbols for the products they had for sale.
A medium, in advertising talk, is the way you communicate your message. You might say that the first medium used in advertising was signs with symbols. The second medium was audio, or sound, although that term is not used exactly in the way we use it today. Originally, just the human voice and maybe some kind of simple instrument, such as a bell, were used to get people's attention.
A crier, in the historical sense, is not someone who weeps easily. It is someone, probably a man, with a voice loud enough to be heard over the other noises of a city. In ancient Egypt, shopkeepers might hire such a person to spread the news about their products. Often this earliest form of advertising involved a newly arrived ship loaded with goods. Perhaps the crier described the goods, explained where they came from, and praised their quality. His job was, in other words, not too different from a TV or radio commercial in today's world.
41．What probably led to the start of advertising?
A．The discovery of iron.
B．The specialization of labor.
C．The appearance of new jobs.
D．The development of farming techniques.
42．To advertise his plows, Mr. Plowright ________.
A．praised his plows in public
B．placed a sign outside the shop
C．hung an arrow pointing to the shop
D．showed his products to the customers
43．The writer makes up the two stories of Mr. Fielder and Mr. Plowright in order to________.
A．explain the origin of advertising
B．predict the future of advertising
C．expose problems in advertising
D．provide suggestions for advertising
44．In ancient Egypt, a crier was probably someone who ________.
A. owned a ship
B. had the loudest voice
C. ran a shop selling goods to farmers
D. functioned like today's TV or radio commercial
45．The last two paragraphs are mainly about________.
A. the history of advertising
B. the benefits of advertising
C. the early forms of advertising
D. the basic design of advertising
【要点综述】什么是广告，广告的目的是什么？它最早是怎么开始的呢？在文章中作者将会告诉我们一些有关广告历史的故事。

让我们读文章去了解一下吧。

41．B 考查细节理解。

从文章第一段“No one knows for sure…That led to the concept of specialization…”可知劳动的专业化导致广告的开始，故答案应该选B项。

42．B 考查细节理解。

从文章第四段“…and then he put up a sign outside the shop to attract custom ers.”可知，他放了一块标牌在外面以吸引顾客，所以选B项。

43．A 考查推理判断。

从第五段“Many historians believe that the first outdoor signs were used five thousand years ago. Even before most people could read, they understood such signs. Shopkeepers would carve into stone, clay, or wood symbol s for the products they had for sale.”知，作者通过上面列举的两个例子，阐述广告最有可能的起源，所以答案选A项。

44．D 考查推理判断。

从全文最后一段“A crier, in the historical sense…in other words, not too different from a TV or radio commercial in today's world.”知，古代的crier如同现代社会电视和广播中的商业代言人，所以选D项。

45．C 考查段落大意。

从“A medium, in advertising talk, is the way you communicate your message.”和“A crier, in the historical sense, is not someone who weeps easily…”知，最后两段主要讨论了古代商业广告的模式，所以选C项。

阅读理解。

Everybody is happy as his pay rises. Yet pleasure at your own can disappear if you learn that
a fellow worker has been given a bigger one. Indeed, if he is known as being lazy, you might even be quite cross. Such behavior is regarded as “all too human”, with the underlying belief that other animals would not be able to have this finely developed sense of sadness. But a study by Sarah Brosnan of Emory University in Atlanta, Georgia, which has just been published in Nature, suggests that it is all too monkey, as well.
The researchers studied the behaviors of some kind of female brown monkeys. They look smart. They are good-natured, co-operative creatures, and they share their food happily. Above all, like female human beings, they tend to pay much closer attention to the value of “goods and services” than males.
Such characteristics make them perfect subjects for Doctor Brosnan’s study. The researchers spent two years teaching their monkeys to exchange tokens (奖券) for food. Normally, the monkeys were happy enough to exchange pieces of rock for pieces of cucumber. However, when two monkeys were placed in separate and connected rooms, so that each other could observe what the other is getting in return for its rock, they became quite different.
In the world of monkeys，grapes are excellent goods (and much preferable to cucumbers). So when one monkey was handed a grape in exchange for her token, the second was not willing to hand hers over for a mere piece of cucumber. And if one received a grape without having to provide her token in exchange at all, the other either shook her own token at the researcher, or refused to accept the cucumber. Indeed, the mere presence of a grape in the other room (without an actual monkey to eat it) was enough to bring about dissatisfaction in a female monkey.
The researches suggest that these monkeys, like humans, are guided by social senses. In the wild, they are co-operative and group-living. Such co-operation is likely to be firm only when each animal feels it is not being cheated. Feelings of anger when unfairly treated, it seems, are not the nature of human beings alone. Refusing a smaller reward completely makes these feelings clear to other animals of the group. However, whether such a sense of fairness developed independently in monkeys and humans, or whether it comes from the common roots that they had 35 million years ago, is, as yet, an unanswered question.
1. According to the passage, which of the following statements is true?
A. Only monkeys and humans can have the sense of fairness in the world.
B. Women will show more dissatisfaction than men when unfairly treated.
C. In the wild, monkeys are never unhappy to share their food with each other.
D. Monkeys can exchange cucumbers for grapes, for grapes are more attractive.
答案解析：答案为B。

本题为推断题，考生需通读全文进行推断。

本文讲述了当受到不公平待遇的时候，每个人都会生气，包括动物。

但是雌性的动物比雄性的动物更加在意不公平的待遇，研究中用猴子作为实验来证明这一点。

文章中第二段“Above all, like female human beings, they tend to pay much closer attention to the value of “goods and services” than males.”与第三段“Such characteristics make them perfect subjects for Do ctor Brosnan’s study.”都有此表达，故答案为B “当受到不公平待遇的时候，女性比男性更加不满”。

从最后一段“Refusing a smaller reward completely makes these feelings clear to other animals of the group. However, whether such a sense of fairness developed independently in monkeys and humans, or whether it comes from the common roots that they had 35 million years ago, is, as yet, an unanswered question.”中可知，independently (独立)对应A选项中的only，whether…or…an unanswered question（是否…或者…未知的问题）的表达方式与A选项的意思“只有猴子与人类才具有公平意识”不同，故A选项是错误的。

从第三段“Normally, the monkeys were happy enough to exchange pieces of rock for pieces of cucumber. However, when two monkeys were placed in separate and connected rooms, so that each other could observe what the other is getting in return for its rock, they became quite differ ent.”可知，猴子乐意用石块交换黄瓜，但是当看到另外一只猴子因为石块得到的回报，态度就不一样了。

因此C 选项“猴子从不会不高兴彼此分享食物”与该句意思不符。

从第四段首句“In the world of monkeys，grapes are excellent goods (and much preferable to cucumbers).”中注意“excellen t (极好的)”与“ preferable(更好的)”两词，与D选项“for grapes are more attractive（更具有吸引力的）”意思不一致。

综上分析，A, C, D都不符合文章意思。

2. The underline d statement “it is all too monkey” means that ________.
A. monkeys are also angry with lazy fellows
B. feeling bitter at unfairness is also monkey’s nature
C. monkeys, like humans, tend to be envious of each other
D. no animals other than monkeys can develop such feelings
答案解析：答案为B。

本题为句意推断题。

结合文章第一段中“all too human”前面的内容是说当得知别人懒惰却加薪更多的时候，人人都会生气，这是人的本能。

接下来提到的“it is all too monkey”也是表达“猴子受到不公平待遇的时候感到痛苦也是猴子的本能。

”的意思。

故答案为B。

A选项“猴子对懒惰的同伴也会生气”, C选项“猴子像人类一样会彼此嫉妒”, D选项“除了猴子没有其他的动物会有
那种感觉”都与文章意思不符。

3. Female monkeys of this kind are chosen for the research most probably because they are ___ .
A. more likely to weigh what they get
B. attentive to researchers’ instructions
C. nice in both appearance and behaviors
D. more ready to help others than their male companions
答案解析：答案为A。

本题为细节推理题。

从文章中第二段“Above all, like female human beings, they
tend to pay much closer attention to the value of “goods and services” than males.”与第三
段“Such characteristics make them perfect subjects for Doctor Brosnan’s study.”可知，雌
性的猴子作为实验是因为她们比雄性的猴子更加关注“物品与服务”的价值。

A选项“她们更有可能掂
量（weigh）她们得到的”, 与上述分析意思一致，故答案为A。

B和D在文章中都未提到；C并不是根本的
原因。

4. Which of the following conclusions is TRUE according to the passage?
A. Human beings' feelings of anger are developed from the monkeys.
B. In the research, male monkeys are less likely to exchange food with others.
C. Co-operation between monkeys stays firm before the realization of being cheated.
D. Only monkeys and humans have the sense of fairness which dates back to 35 million years ago.
答案解析：答案为C。

本题为细节理解题。

从文章最后一段“Such co-operation is likely to be firm
only when each animal feels it is not being cheated.”可知，只有当每个动物感觉没有被欺骗的时
候合作的态度才是坚定的”, C选项的意思“意识到被欺骗之前猴子之间的合作非常坚定”与上述分析
一致。

解答此题注意同义句的转换表达。

A, B, D 与文章意思不符合。

5. What can we i nfer about the monkeys in Sarah’s study?
A. The monkeys can be trained to develop social senses.
B. They usually show their feelings openly as humans do.
C. The monkeys may show their satisfaction with equal treatment.
D. Co-operation among the monkeys remains effective in the wild.
答案解析：答案为C。

本题为推断题。

文章中说，猴子受到不公平待遇的时候会生气，这句话的意思就是C
选项的表达“猴子受到公平待遇的时候会满意”，故答案为C。

解答此题仍然要注意推理题设置的技巧：用不同的表达方式来表达同样的意思。

从文章最后一段“Th e researches suggest that these monkeys, like humans, are guided by social senses. In the wild, they are co-operative and group-living.”可知，猴子自身就有社会意识，而不是通过训练获得，故A错误。

B，D在文章中未提及。