车辆与轮胎之均一性（Uniformityofvehicleandtire）

车辆与轮胎之均一性（Uniformityofvehicleandtire）
车辆与轮胎之均一性2（Uniformity of vehicle and tire 2）PAGE:1/20
Uniformity of vehicle and tire
I. vehicles and tyres
The weight through the suspension system by spring system (TIRE, RIM, shaft, brake)
The lower spring mass system is supported by TIRE, i.e., under TIRE
Spring mass system, suspension system and body weight. Because of this relationship, for sure
To ensure riding comfort, TIRE and suspension two vertical spring effect, as much as possible vibration
The power is not transmitted directly to the car body.
Recently, anti vibration rubber has been applied in various places to obtain higher vibration avoidance effectiveness Fruit, so TIRE in the total weight of the support at the same time, such as spring like a stable supply
Riding comfort.
Figure 1
Two, tire and wheel eccentric
When the car travels at high speed, the TIRE has about 10~20rps, and if the TIRE rotates
The center or wheel deviates from the axle so that the radius of the TIRE is periodically changed
PAGE:2/20
Of. In other words, when the road surface is flat or concave, as shown in Figure 2, if the TIRE table
The surface is in contact with the ground in a plane, and
when the tire moves forward, the axle itself is positioned The weight of the vehicle is supported on the axle, so the vertical vibration force is suspended
The suspension acts on the car body, causing the inevitable vertical jump
Between 10~20Hz.
To avoid this vibration, the accuracy of the axle eccentricity to the center of the wheel is generated
As of about 0.1 mm in the fan ring, no matter how hard the manufacturing of TIRE and on the car
The center is consistent, and since the TIRE is an elastomer, it is difficult to guarantee the accuracy of the dimensions
Of.
Even though the dimensions are accurate, the vertical spring rate at each point of the tire circumference is often
Inhomogeneous, and this result is the same as the effect of non uniformity of the effective radius
The. In a narrow sense, heterogeneity is the inhomogeneity of the vertical spring rate.
Three, tire and steel ring weight of UNBALANCE
In eccentric state, even if the weight of TIRE and WHEEL is BALANCE,
At the moment of rotation, there is still centrifugal force acting on the axle and moving at high speed
Figure two
PAGE:3/20
The force is even more striking. The magnitude of the force is as follows:
E (2, f) 2
G
W
F = P
F: centrifugal rate (KGF)
W:TIRE and WHEEL gross weight (KGF)
G: the acceleration of gravity (980 cm.Sec-2)
E: eccentricity (CM)
F: revolutions per second (Hz)
This is applied to the forces on TIRE, and the reaction is shown in the previous section 2
The shape makes poor comfort even if there is no eccentricity due to TIRE and WHEEL
The UNBALANCE at all points of the circumference will also produce the centrifugal force as mentioned above. to High speed travel should pay special attention to the TIRE and WHEEL of BALANCE
Usually to lead to weight TIRE and WHEEL to keep the BALANCE.
Four. Uniformity of tire
TIRE is made of different layers of rubber, rayon and steel wire, as regards
Size, rigidity, weight, etc collectively UNBALANCE, such as TIRE full circle
The change in the radius of each point is called the TIRE of RUNOUT. In fact, TIRE is also
The state of non circularity, that is, irregular shapes, such as polygons, which causes
TIRE vibrates when it rotates.
As shown in Figure 3, the TIRE can be considered as a centralized vertical spring. RUNOUT size is not
Be included in, if
The vertical spring rate of each point of the TIRE round is not the same
TIRE
Suffer from poor comfort caused by forced vibration.
to
Our knowledge of 80~130
At the speed of the /hr, exclude the above
Of the 3 item
UNBALANCE
and
The occurrence of NON-UNIFORMITY is low frequency vibration, and the shock will be smaller
(Yulun
Tire speed
10~20Hz).
chart
4 is not homogeneous
TIRE complex waveform, the analysis of the waveform is divided
by
TIRE rotates once and fluctuates over and over again
Simple harmonic
) two or three times
...... .
The ten time, in this case
TIRE Yu
60rpm rotates at low speed and at high speed
There is a slightly different waveform between the centrifugal force and the weight due to separation. in short Once, Jane
The harmonic is related to the wobble,
The two one is related to noise, shock or uneven running in the car,
These are important factors.
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PAGE:5/20
1, SHAKE
Occurring in the vibration of a revolution, as an audible noise, and at every turn
Rotation occurs similar to the excitation of UNBALANCE, which is caused by TIRE once
The frequency of harmonic is 11~17Hz.
2, THUMP
The impact occurred once every turn, occasionally accompanied by shocks. Feel
If there is a small FLAT-SPOT, this is because TIRE fourth times ~13 times the harmonic,
Its frequency is 30~60Hz.
3, ROUGHNESS
Similar to low frequency rumble, chassis, steering wheel vibration and noise of the drive system
This occurs because of the four to thirteen harmonic of TIRE, the frequency range
30~130Hz.
PAGE:6/20
Determination items and definitions of U/F measuring machines
I. project of homogeneity
(A) RADIAL, FORCE, VARIATION (RFV)
(B) LATERAL, FORCE, VARIATION (LFV)
(C) TRACTIVE, FORCE, VARIATION (TFV)
(D) LATERAL, FORCE, DEVIATION (LFD)
(E) CONICITY
(F) PLYSTEER
(G) RADIAL RUNOUT (RRO)
(H) LATERAL RUNOUT (LRO)
(I) FIRST HARMONIC (1s, t, HAR)
(J) HIGH POINT
(K) PEAK POINT
Two. Determination of the definition of individual projects
(A) the force change value (KGF) of RFV:TIRE in radiation (vertical) direction.
(B) LFV:TIRE changes in lateral forces (KGF).
(C) TFV:TIRE changes in front and back directions of gravity (KGF).
(D) the integral mean of LFD:TIRE in transverse force (KGF).
(E) CONICITY: the integral average of the transverse force, even if the direction of rotation changes
Do not change its direction (KGF).
(F) PLYSTEER: the integral of the transverse force, the mean, the direction of rotation changes, the square of it
And then change
(KGF).
(G) RRO:
Deformation in the direction of TIRE RADIAL
(mm).
(H) LRO:
Transverse deformation of the TIRE tread
(mm).
(I) 1st HAR: constitute
RFV or
LFV one subharmonic change
(KGF).
(J) HIGH POINT: one point to show the highest value of a simple harmonic
(General
Point to point
).
(K) PEAK POINT: a little to show
RFV and
Highest value of LFV
(a
At an angle
).
PAGE:7/20
PAGE:8/20
Three, individual projects
1, RFV (RADIAL, FORCE, VARIATION) (Ref.Fig.2)
The TIRE applies the proper load and its rotation center is
constant with the LOAD WHEEL
The center keeps a certain distance from which the RADIAL direction force varies with the RFV table
Show. Generally produce waveforms as shown in Figure 2, the waveform of the highest point to the lowest point The difference is called RFV.
2, LFV (LATERAL, FORCE, VARIATION) (Ref.Fig.3)
The TIRE applies the proper load and its center of rotation is in LOAD WHEEL
The change in the lateral forces produced by the heart at a distance is expressed in LFV. One
The waveform, as shown in Fig. 3, is called the difference between the highest and lowest points of the waveform It's LFV.
PAGE:9/20
3, TFV (TRACTIVE, FORCE, VARIATION) (Ref.Fig.4)
The TIRE applies the proper load and its center of rotation is in LOAD WHEEL
The distance between the front and back of the heart is changed
by TFV,
Generally, the waveform of the waveform shown in Fig. 4 is the difference between the highest and lowest points of the waveform
Call it TFV.
4, LFD (LATERAL, FORCE, DEVIATION) (Ref.Fig.5)
From the 0kgf calculation, the integral mean value of the transverse force is expressed as LFD.
PAGE:10/20
5, CONICITY
Transverse force integral mean, even if the direction of rotation of the TIRE changes its force direction
The same does not mean "CONICITY". Its value can be expressed by LFD in the following formula,
LFD1 by clockwise rotation, LFD2 by anticlockwise rotation: Two
LFD1 LFD2
CONICITY
+
=
CONICITY is illustrated by example, such as TIRE, whose
external shape is obliquely tapered, as in Example
As shown in Figure 7, the forward or backward rotation of the TIRE will necessarily make it lean to the left. this
That is why CONICITY is also known as "PSEUDO-CAMBER"
Causes.
6, PLYSTEER
The occurrence of PLYSTEER constitutes the BELT attachment angle of the TIRE periphery
The variation of the transverse force produced by this force is similar to that of the SLIP angle of the general TIRE PAGE:11/20
Similarly, the values of PLYSTEER can be similar to those of LFDl and LFD2 in the following expressions.
Two
LFD1 LFD2
PLYSTEER
-
=
7, RRO (RADIAL, RUNOUT) (Ref.Fig.8, and, Fig.9)
The change in RRO is that the fetal face is measured by the wheel when TIRE is at 60rpm
Measured by the difference between the highest and lowest points of the waveform, the value is RRO.
* the general instrument is placed at the center of the tread of the two sides of the tire shoulder, a total of 3 points, take the most
Big value.
* non-contact measuring systems do not use measuring wheels. This applies to
T/B's U/F machines.
8, LRO (LATERAL, RUNOUT)
The change in LRO is the potentiometer on the second side of the TIRE measured by the wheel of 60rpm
Measured by the difference between the highest and lowest points of the waveform, the value is LRO.
Generally, the horizontal position above TIRE is the point of measurement, but the LAB type
It may be the point above or below TIRE as the point of measurement.
PAGE:12/20
The non-contact measuring system does not use measuring wheels, which is applicable to T/B
U/F machinery.
9, 1st, HAR (FIRST, HARHONIC) (Ref.Fig.10)
Represents a change in the value of one harmonic of a RFV or LFV (sine wave).
Referring to Fig. 10 is the total waveform, consisting of a simple harmonic and is included in the total waveform, As shown in the virtual record, called a simple harmonic, in this case 5kgf.
A simple harmonic should pay attention to the point of instruction, mainly because it is related to the deviation of the RIM
Heart, as the two overlap, the impact will increase, such as the combination of the two mutually offset, the total
Smaller force, with reference to the other.
PAGE:13/20
Harmonic analysis is a mathematical method for classifying complex waveforms such as 1st and 2nd,
3rd... As shown in FIG. 11, the total waveform of the RFV
above is divided into 1st
To 10 times, that is, a simple harmonic is the first component, this harmonic analysis is also called
For the Fu Liye series expansion, the mathematical method mentioned above is Fu Liye class
The number of.
10, HIGH, POINT (Ref.Fig.12)
HP represents the RFV or LFV maximum value of the harmonic 1st as mentioned above
See figure 12.
11, PEAK, POINT (Ref.Fig.12)
PP represents the maximum value of the RFV or LFV waveform above figure 12
Figure 12. The location of the PP and HP points, even if the same TIRE, is not the same position.
Each phase has a phase angle of theta
U/F mechanical measurements
HP and rarely tested
PP.
PAGE:14/20
PAGE:15/20
Tires and rims
Tyres and rims
TIRE is mounted on vehicles, usually in combination with the RIM and fixed to the axle
It is impossible to fix the solid TIRE directly on the axle only, and TIRE alone is not enough
To improve UNIFORMITY, while RIM reduces heterogeneity (mainly eccentricity)
Also very important, RIM is usually made of steel plates
through a cold roller and has a TIRE
Similarly, there are several RADIAL directions in the RUNOUT, only the RIM manufacturer
Efforts to reduce or eliminate RIM RUNOUT are based on manufacturing cost considerations,
RIM without RUNOUT is virtually impossible, so all RIM
There are several RUNOUT.
If RIM or TIRE is not homogeneous, the highest point of the harmonic is one of the other
At the same time, the value of inhomogeneity will become larger, and conversely, if RIM and TIRE are combined When they cancel each other, the plant becomes smaller.
二、轮胎之RFV及钢圈之RRO
RIM之RRO与轮胎之RFV分别如图一之一、B所示，
已知RIM之RRO为1mm及轮胎之弹簧率为15kg／㎜，则
如何将因RIM之RRO之故而达到15㎏。

将
轮胎装着于。