七(下)完型和阅读的技巧

七下完型和阅读的技巧
（2014-4-28）
一．词义猜测法解阅读理解题
阅读中遇到生词时难免的，所猜词汇可以是生词，也可以使熟词新意，还可以是人称代词的指代内容。

借助所学猜测词语的基本方法来猜测，推断，理解陌生词语的词义。

这类题一般要求我们理解阅读材料的某个生词的含义，有时是短语或句子的确切含义。

要注意三种情况，有的词汇有一词多义，多义词在不同的语境中意义是不同的，有的词虽未学过，但在上下文中能够反映此词的含义。

不管属于哪种情况，都可以通过多种方法猜测其正确含义。

例：。

On that day, students from different clubs show their talents in different ways. They can sing English songs and draw. They can play the guitar, the violin, the piano and the drums. They can also play chess and show us their swimming skills.
What’s the meaning of the underlined word “talents”?
A. 才艺
B. 节目
C. 活动
D. 歌声
二．固定搭配法解完型填空
固定句型和短语搭配是我们在学习中必须掌握的基本知识，也是常常出现在完型填空题中。

固定搭配形式较多，有名词短语搭配，动词短语搭配，介词短语搭配等，这些固定搭配都是语言在长期的发展和演变过程中形成的，是语言的精华，我们只有在平时学习中认真积累，做题时才能得心应手。

例：From Monday _1_____ Friday most people are busy working or studying, but in the evening and weekends they have time. Some watch TV or go to he movies: others like playing_2__
1. A. of B. to C. in D. for
2. A. sports B. sport C. sportes D. sporting
三．细节理解法解阅读理解题
细节理解题主要考察我们对文章具体事实和细节的理解能力。

在阅读文章的过程中，要特别注意与具体题目相关的事实细节，并在相关事实细节处做上相应的记号，以便我们对照具体细节题目，验证文章的细节，提高解题的准确度。

例：The Black are from America. Now they are in Beijing. This is their first time to come to China. They are going to stay in China for three months. They want to visit some big cities. They want to learn some Chinese, too.
Mr. Black is a taxi driver. He likes to drive in Beijing. Mrs Black is a school teacher. She is visiting a city school today and a village school tomorrow. Their daughter is middle school student. She is going to meet some Chinese stedents………..
1.The Blacks are in _______ now.
A. England
B. Beijing
C. Shanghai
D. New York
2. Mr. Black is ___________.
A. a teacher
B. a doctor
C. a taxi driver
D. a worker
3. There are ______ people in Mr. Black’s family.
A. two
B. three
C. four
D. five
四．固定句式判断法解完形填空题
在英语表达中，一些固定句型的使用可以使文章的意思更明了，简单，我们在做完型
填空时，也会常常遇到这类句型，所以这就要求我们平时多用心，多积累，这样才能在做此类题目时不慌张，得心应手。

例：How are you? Thanks for your last e-mail. Now let me tell you something about my school life. I usually go to school by bike. It usually takes me twenty minutes______ there. I like English very much, but I don’t like maths because It’s difficult for me _____ it well
1. A. get B. gets C. to get D. get to
2. A. learn B. learns C. learning D. to learn
五．推理判断法解阅读理解
推理判断类阅读理解要求我们通篇把握全文，根据上下文的逻辑关系，运用所学知识对文章进行分析，推理，判断等。

此类题要求我们在理解表面文字的基础上做出判断和推论，从而得到文章隐含的意思或深层的含义，换句话说，就是通过文章中的文字信息，上下文逻辑关系等已知的信息，推断出作者没有直接表达的态度和观点。

One day, a small mouse looks out of his room. He sees a hamburger. The small mouse says, “ I’ll get it and have it for breakfast.” But he remembers his mum’s words, “ Always wait before you get a hamburger.” So he waits in his room. Then he hears a quiet “ Miaow”and he knows a cat is there. He says, “ I’m hungry that I listen to my mun and learn to wait He waits for an hour, and then he hears a quiet “ woof, woof”
“ A dog!” The small mouse thinks. “ If the dog is there, the cat won’t be there.” He runs out of his room but he meets a cat.
When the cat finishes her breakfast, she says, “ I’m happy that I listen to my mum and learn a second language .”
1._______ is the cat’s breakfast.
A. The small mouse B The dog
C. The hamburger
D. The small mouse’s mum
2. The cat learns _______ as a second language.
A. Chinese
B. English
C. the dog’s language
D. the mouse’s language
3. Which of he following is True?
A. The small mouse is afraid of the dog.
B. The small mouse doesn’t listen to his mum.
C. The dog catches the cat.
D. The cat is smart.
六．语法分析法解完型填空
在做完型填空时，语法是一个值得注意的问题，因为一篇文章往往不是用同一种时态讲的，这就要求我们在做题时，学会语法分析，根据上下文情景，时间，标志词等来判断句子的时态。

Julie comes from England. Now she is __1___ in Shanghai. She is studying at No. 1 Middle school. She __2__ up at six every morning. After that, she brushes teeth. Now it is seven o’ clock in the morning. Julie __3____ breakfast with her parents……
1. A. to live B. live C. living D. lives
2. A. get B. gets C. is getting D. to get
3.A. has B. is having C. to have D. having
七. 排除法解阅读理解题
排除法就是根据题目的要求，结合所学知识，排除不符合题干要求或与文章信息内容不符的干扰项，从而选出正确答案的一种解题方法。

排除法广泛用于各种题型，是我们在
学习中需要掌握的重要的学习方法之一。

例：
Ann comes from England. She’s an English girl. She speaks English. She can also speak a little Chinese. She’s In Shanghai now. She’s studying in a middle school of Shanghai. She has classes on weekdays. On Sundays she often plays games with her Chinese friends. Her father is working in a factory near her school. He goes to work in his car. He helps the Chinese workers to make nice watches. But he can’t speak Chinese. Ann and her father like Chinese food. And they like China and the Chinese people very much.
Which is right?
A. Ann can’t speak Chinese
B. Ann is good at Chinese.
C. Ann can speak Chinese, but not much.
D. Ann’s father speakers Chinese well.
八．非谓语动词用法解完型填空题
非谓语动词，顾明思义，即不能作句子的谓语，在句子中充当除谓语以外的句子成分的动词形式。

非谓语动词形式有三种（1）动词不定式：to do (2) 动词的现在分词（3）动词的过去分词。

非谓语动词在句中不能单独作谓语，没有人称和数的变化。

例：
Tom lives in a small town. There is a zoo in his neighborhood. He likes to spend time _1___ there on weekends. He loves to watch the monkeys_2___ the trees. Tom sometimes goes to the small park because it’s very quiet there and he enjoys__3____ there. When he reads books, time goes quickly……
1. A. play B. plays C. playing D. to play
2. A. climbing B. is climbing C. climbs D. climb
3. A. read B. reading C. to read D. reads
十．主谓一致判断法解完型填空
在英语句子里，谓语受主语支配，其动词形式必须和主语在人称和数上保持一致，这叫做主谓一致。

我们在做完型填空题的时候，会经常遇到要靠主谓一致判断法来确定答案的情况。

三个原则：即语法一致，逻辑意义一致和就近一致原则。

例：
Now let me tell you something about my class and my teacher. The number of the students in my class __1__ 45. There are 23 boys and 22 girls. My English teacher is Miss Gao. She is friendly to us and she always makes her class interesting, so everyone__2_____ her and her class……..
1. A. am B. is C. are D. be
2. A. like B. likes C. to like D. liking
十一. 上下文暗示法解完型填空
上下文暗示法分为上文语境暗示和下文语境暗示两种。

在做完型填空时，我们经常会遇到此类题目，若无上下文提示，我们根本无法做出正确的选择，但是我们可以根据上下文的一些提示性的引导词判断上下文与空格部分是否有着因果或一一对应的关系，从而可以做出正确的选择。

例：Mark Twain, a famous American writer, was once traveling in France. He went to a small town by train. He was very tired and wanted to __1____. He asked the conductor to wake him up when the train got to Dijion. But first he said that he was a heavy sleeper….
1. A. read B. write C. drink D. sleep
十二. 逻辑推理法解完形填空
逻辑推理法是我们在做完完形填空是十分重要的方法之一。

一篇完形填空的各行各段之间有着逻辑上的联系。

在所提供的选项中，有的从语法角度看是正确的，从语意上考虑就会自相矛盾，出现不合逻辑的现象。

这时应从文章和句子的意思看，对语法无误的几个选项通过分析对比，选出最符合上下文内在联系的答案。

例：Sign languages are important in our daily life. When you smile at someone, you mean to be __1_____. When you put one finger in front of your ___2____, you mean, “ Be quiet”
Yet, people in different countries may use different sign languages. Once an English –man was in Japan. He could speak a little Japanese. One day, while he was walking in the steet, he felt __3_____ , and went into a restaurant.............
1. A. well B. friendly C. fine D. careful
2. A. eyes B. legs C. mouth D. head
3. A. hungry B. tired C. cold D. ill。