英语3

Book 3U1(1)Memory Lane Isn't What It Used to BeAbout this time every year, I get very nostalgic. Walking through my neighborhood on a fall afternoon reminds me of a time not too long ago when sounds of children filled the air, children playing games on a hill, and throwing leaves around in the street below, I was one of those children, carefree and happy. I live on a street that is only one block long. I have lived on the same street for sixteen years. I love my street. One side has six houses on it, and the other has only two houses, with a small hill in the middle and a huge cottonwood tree on one end. When I think of home, I think of my street, only I see it as it was before. Unfortunately, things change. One day, not long ago, I looked around and saw how different everything has become. Life on my street will never be the same because neighbors are quickly growing old, friends are growing up and leaving, and the city is planning to destroy my precious hill and sell the property to contractors.It is hard for me to accept that many of my wonderful neighbors arc growing old and won't be around muchlonger. I have fond memories of the couple across the street, who sat together on their porch swing almost every evening, the widow next door who yelled at my brother and me for being too loud, and the crazy old man in a black suit who drove an old car. In contrast to those people, the people I see today are very old neighbors who have seen better days. The man in the black suit says he wants to die, and another neighbor just sold his house and moved into a nursing home. The lady who used to yell at us is too tired to bother anymore, and the couple across the street rarely go out to their front porch these days. It is difficult to watch these precious people as they near the end of their lives because at one time I thought they would live forever.The “comings and goings” of the younger generation of my street are now mostly “going” as friends and peers move on. Once upon a time, my life and the lives of my peers revolve around home. The boundary of our world was the gutter at the end of the street. We got pleasure from playing night games, or from a breathtaking ride on a bicycle. Things are different now, as my friends become adults and move on. Children who rode tricycles now drive cars. The kids who once played with me now have new interests and values asthey go their separate ways. Some have gone away to college, a few got married, two went into the army, and one went to prison. Watching all these people grow up and go away only makes me long for the good old days. Perhaps the biggest change on my street is the fact that the city is going to turn my precious hill into several lots for new homes. For sixteen years, the view out of my kitchen window has been a view of that hill. The hill was a fundamental part of my childhood life; it was the hub of social activity for the children of my street. We spent hours there building forts, sledding, and playing tag. The view out of my kitchen window now is very different; it is one of tractors and dump trucks tearing up the hill. When the hill goes, the neighborhood will not be the same. It is a piece of my childhood. It is a visual reminder of being a kid. Without the hill, my street will be just another pea in the pod.There was a time when my street was my world, and I thought my world would never change. But something happened. People grow up, and people grow old. Places change, and with the change comes the heartache of knowing I can never go back to the times I loved. In a year or so, I will be gone just like many of my neighbors. I will always look back to my years as achild, but the place I remember will not be the silent street whose peace is interrupted by the sounds of construction. It will be the happy, noisy, somewhat strange, but wonderful street I knew as a child. Statements1. By saying “nostalgic”, the writer means that he misses his parents very much.2. The writer feels sentimental every time he walks along his street every year when autumn comes.3. The writer has been living on the same street for sixteen years since he was born.4. The writer finds it hard to accept the fact that many of his good neighbors are moving out.5. The lady who used to yell at the writer and his brother for being too loud has ceased to live.6. The writer thinks of the past all the more when he sees those who had grown up with him leave the neighborhood they grew up in.7. None of the writer’s friends and peers still lives on the street now.8. The biggest change on the writer's street is removing the hill to make way for residential development.9. When the writer says that his street will be another pea in the pod, he means that his street will have somenew attractions.10. The writer will move out of his street like many of his neighbors in a year or so.(2)Passage OneThe world population growth rate is expected to decline in the 2000s, falling from 1.8% currently (in 2000) to1.5% in the year 2010, according to the US Bureau of the Census. However, total population will increase by one billion during each of the next three decades.“Global population was estimated at 5.3 billion people in1994. 75% of the earth’s inhabitants lived in developing nations, and that proportion is going to reach over 80% by the year 2020,” says the Census Bureau.“Even with a reduced growth rate, population increases continue to be large because the population itself is so large,” points out the Population Reference Bureau (PRB). The United Nations’ high, medium, and low forecasts for the world’s population are based on specific assumptions about fertility and mortality (死亡率). For instance, if mortality continues to decline and current family-planning programs and other socioeconomic policies continue tolower fertility, the world’s popula tion could stop growing after reaching about 10-11 billion people in the latter half of the next century. If fertility declines at a faster pace, world population could stop growing in 2040 at 8 bi1lion. But if fertility declines at a slower pace, the population will grow until 2130 to 14 billion according to PRB.Rural-to-urban migration, combined with natural increase, is leading to a disproportionate (不成比例的) growth in urban population, especially in developing nations, says PRB. In 1950, only three cities had populations over 10 million. Now there are 11 such cities, and that number is growing. Currently, 41% of the world's populations live in urban areas. In 2020, this proportion is expected to increase to 60%. Urban populations in developing countries are growing at twice the rural rate, according to the Census Bureau. But rural populations in the Third World are still growing faster than urban populations in industrialized nations.Statements1. It is estimated that the world population growth rate between 2000 and 2010 is going to decrease.2. According to Paragraph 2, by the year 2020 there will be over 80% of the world population living indeveloped nations.3. A large population base is the cause of the increase of the world population.4. There are 11 cities with populations over 10 million in developing nations.5. In 2020, 60% of the world's population is thought to live in rural areas.Passage TwoIn Africa and Asia there is a very serious disease called schistosomiasis (血吸虫病 ). It is caused by a tiny worm which can penetrate the skin of a human being and cause a potentially serious illness. The larvae ( 幼虫) of these worms live in certain types of snails (蜗牛). When they are ready, the larvae (幼虫) leave the snails and enter the bodies of men and animals.In many African rivers there is a large animal called a hippopotamus (河马). It looks rather like an enormous sausage with short legs and a big mouth. Hippos spend much of their time in the river and they do not seem to serve any purpose. Because of this, some African governments ordered that the great animals should be shot on sight to provide meat for local people. When hunters killed most of the hippos in someareas, the number of cases of the disease increased rapidly. There were outbreaks of the disease in areas which had not previously experienced it. At first, the health authorities could not understand the reason why the disease had spread. They made investigations and discovered some very surprising facts.When they are in the water, hippos keep the muddy water in motion because they move about frequently. When they climb up on the river bank, they go in single file, making natural channels down which rain water can flow into the river. Without the hippos, mud gathered in the rivers and caused them to run over their banks. At the same time, rain water was unable to drain into the rivers easily, and this also helped to produce floods. Certain types of water snail breed rapidly on flooded land, carrying with them the larvae which spread schistosomiasis.Now African governments are importing hippos so that Nature can do her work properly and keep the water snails under control. This is one example of what happens when Man interferes with the work of Nature. Statements6. Schistosomiasis is caused when the skin of a human being is penetrated by certain kinds of snails.7. When hippos are considered useless, some Africangovernments ordered that the great animals be sent to zoos.8. Schistosomiasis spread in some areas when hunters killed 90% of the hippos in some areas.9. Rain water was able to drain into the rivers through the channels made by hippos.10. Nature cannot do her work in a satisfactory way if Man interferes with its work.II．Educational researchers have found that there is a strong relationship between reading and academic success. In other words, a student who is a good reader is more 1 to do well in schoo1and pass exams than a student who is a weak reader. Good readers can understand the individual sentences and the organizational structure of a piece of writing. They can comprehend ideas, 2 arguments, and detect implications. They know most of the words in the text already, but they can also determine the meaning of many of the 3 words from the context—failing this, they can use their dictionary effectively to do so. In summary, good readers can obtain from the writing what is important for the particular task they are employed in (从事于). And they can do it quickly! Educational researchers have also found a strongrelationship between reading and vocabulary acquaintance. In other words, students who have a large vocabulary are usually good readers. This is not very surprising, since the best way to acquire a large vocabulary is to read a lot. And if you read 4 you are like1y to be or become a good reader! So if you want your child to be successful at school, encourage him or her to read. Reading non-fiction (非小说类文学) in English is probably the most important, but English fiction and any reading in the mother 5 --if done at length—will help your child develop the reading competence that is essential for academic achievement. Good book lists can be found in just about any library.III.IV. CVB1. Do you notice that a retarded child often shows a/an ______ look?A. hollowB. emptyC. bareD. vacant2. In many major cities there are more ______apartments than there are homeless people.A. blankB. emptyC. vacantD. bare3. It is interesting that many animals can ______ their ears and noses. But it’s not easy for human beings to do so.A. trembleB. shiverC. quiverD. quicken4. A ______ computer of Apple brand costs far more in China than abroad.A. comparativeB. comparableC. comparingD. compared5. We should be ______ of the comfort of old people.A. concernedB. carefulC. considerableD. considerate6. The leader of the expedition ______ everyone to follow his example.A. promotedB. aspiredC. sparkedD. inspired7. After the English evening, the students said “Good night” to one another and went home ______.A. respectablyB. respectfullyC. respectivelyD. respectedly8. All products for sale or on sale should be ______ as far as quality is concerned.A. protectedB. pledgedC. guardedD. guaranteed9. The president called ______ the people of hiscountry to work hard for national unity.A. upB. forC. outD. on10. It is not easy for chain smokers to ______ from smoking.A. restrainB. checkC. refrainD. retain11. You should try to ______ your ambition and be more realistic.A. reserveB. refrainC. restrainD. retain12. To make good friends, one has to be a(n) ______ person.A. uprightB. erectC. upwardD. straight13. She cut her hair short and tried to ______ herself as a man.A. decorateB. disguiseC. pretendD. fake14. Our guide ______ all of us and we could not find our way back to the hotel.A. misledB. forgaveC. forbadeD. approached15. Having finished their morning work, the clerks stood up behind their desks, ______ themselves.A. expandingB. stretchingC. enlargingD. extending16. After four years in the same job, his enthusiasms finally ______.A. worsenedB. boomedC. decayedD. drained17. Although the two players are ______ in the tenniscourt, they are really good friends.A. partnersB. enemiesC. rivalsD. companions18. The prospect of increased prices has already______ worries.A. provokedB. prohibitedC. inspiredD. encouragedV．WB1. The next postal ______ is at 2 o’clock. (deliver)2. There is a place ______ over there where we can park our car. (vacancy)3. The dog remained ______ to his master. (faith)4. She believes everything with childlike ______. (simple)5. Please make a written ______ of all the goods you bought abroad. (declare)6. Selling your house can be a ______ and time-consuming business. (cost)7. A ______ car would cost far more abroad. (comparison)8. Professor Hawking is ______ as one of the world's greatest living physicians. (acknowledgement)9. Your children are always very ______ towards old people. (consideration)10. I had to ______ myself from telling him what I thought of him. (restraint)VI． Translation1．When someone does something for you, no matter how small and no matter whether he is superior or inferior, it is proper to say “Thank you” to him. 2．The boy, whose life revolved around his brother, had no difficulty working out what he should do to please him.3.She claimed that increases in “greenhouse gases” such as carbon dioxide are paralleling the growth in car ownership.4. As a teacher you have to adjust your methods to suit the needs of slower children.5. No matter how hard I tried to please her, she hada vacant expression on her face.6. If you're agreeable to our proposal, we'll go ahead.7. By the end of the game, the stadium was almost vacant.VII．GW （Guided Writing）Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on Net Addiction according to the Chinese outline, and you must use at least 120 words.1. 近年来青少年上网成瘾已经成为社会问题；2. 青少年上网成瘾的主要原因是…；3. 对此问题的解决办法范文：Net AddictionInternet addiction among young people has long been recognized as a social problem in China. It's a common known fact that Internet addiction can have a devastating effect on young peoples' health and social lives. Students may waste too much of their youth in front of a computer screen.Many youth are the only child in their families. They don't have enough chance to associate with parents. Also, the lack of activities for them can lead to internet addiction. When people grow up, if they don't spend time on sports or other positive interests they often turn to the Internet to kill time.How do we deal with this problem? Associating more with family, friends and nature can really help internet addicts kick the habit. Everyone understands that parents nowadays are busy, but if they just spend more time communicating with their kids, they can help avoid their children from becoming addicted to the internet. But more than this, all of society shouldbecome concerned about the negative sides of the Internet. Thoroughly eradicating the problem of internet addiction involves many branches of society. We need more positive cultural products, we need to communicate with others more in the real world, and we also need to think about balancing economic prosperity with the futures of our kids.U2(1)She Wanted to TeachA railroad was being built all the way down the east coast off Florida, from Jacksonville to Miami and Negro workers were employed because they were cheap.A great many of them were in Daytona. Most of them had children. They were living in shacks worse than those in the Terry in Augusta. The children were running wild in the streets. Mary Bethune seemed to hear a voice say, “What is the place? Build your school there.”Her husband, Albertus, wasn’t so sure about her school. He thought Palatka was a pretty good place for them to live. Mary listened but she never gave up her idea. She knew that if she went to Daytona, Albertus would come too.One day she begged a ride for herself and her littleboy with a family that was going to Daytona. It was only seventy miles away. But in 1904 the sand was deep on Florida roads. Practically no one had an automobile — certainly not the poor family that gave Mary and little Albert a ride. So it was three dusty days after they left Palatka before they reached Daytona. There Mary hunted up the only person she knew, and she and little Albert stayed with this friend for a few days. As she had done in The Terry in Augusta, Mary walked up and down the poor streets of Daytona. She was looking for two things —a building for the school she was determined to start and some pupils for that school.After a day or two, she found an empty shack on Oak Street. She thought this would do. The owner said she could rent it for $11.00 a month. But it wasn’t worth that much. The paint had peeled off, the front steps wobbled (摇晃) so that she had to hang onto the shaky railing to keep from falling, the house was dirty, it had a leaky roof. In most of the windows the panes of glass were broken or cracked.Eleven dollars a month! Mary said she only had $1.50. She promised to pay the rent as soon as she could earn the money. The owner trusted her. By the time she was sure she could have the building, she had five littlegirls from the neighborhood as her pupils.What a school! A rickety old house and five little girls! The little girls pitched in and cleaned the house. The neighbors helped with scrubbing brushes, brooms, hammers, nails, and saws. Soon the cottage could be lived in, but there were no chairs, no tables, no beds. There was no stove. However, there were no pots and pans to cook in, even if there had been a stove.Mary set about changing these things. She found things in trash piles and the city dump. Nobody but Mary would have thought of making tables and chairs and desks from the old crates she picked up and brought home. Behind the hotels on the beach she found cracked dishes, old lamps, even some old clothes. She took them home too. Everything was scoured and mended and used. “Keep things clean and neat” was her motto then; and as long as she lived the pupils in her school had to live up to that motto.Her little pupils had no pencils. They wrote with pieces of charcoal made from burned logs. Their ink was elderberry juice. What good was ink or a pencil if there was no paper to write on? Mary took care of that too.Every time she went to the store to get a little food,or a few pots and pans, she had each article wrapped separately. The pieces of wrapping paper were carefully removed and smoothed out. The little girls used this paper to write their lessons with their charcoal pencils.She needed a cookstove very badly but she couldn’t pay for one. What should she do? Her little pupils had to have warm food.Unexpectedly, the problem was solved for her. One day a wrinkled old white neighbor said to her, “Can yo u read?”Mary said, “Yes.”“Then will you read me this letter from my son? I can’t find my glasses”Mary read the letter to her.“Thanks,” said the mother.Mary turned to go. “You’re welcome.”The old woman stood by her open door and thought a mo ment. Then she said, “I got an old cookstove and I don’t need it. Would you want it?”Statements1. According to the passage, we know that a railroad was under construction and it would connect Jacksonville with Miami.2. The children of the Negro workers couldn’t attendschool because Negroes had low social status. 3. Mary’s husband, Albertus, was in favor of her ideaof going to Daytona.4. Mary and little Albert took a car and reachedDaytona three days after they left Palatka.5. Mary was making preparations for her school.6. The empty shack on Oak Street was in poor condition.7. We can infer that Mary succeeded in renting theshack from the owner and she enrolled five girl students.8. Mary couldn’t find a solution to furnish herschool with tables, chairs and desks. 9. Mary’s pupils used elderberry juice to write withbecause they preferred it to ink.10. An old woman offered an old cookstove to Mary andMary solved her problem unexpectedly.(2)Passage 1By 2020, you may be driving a pollution-free, recyclable car, eating genetically engineered food grown without pesticides（杀虫剂）; avoiding rush-hour traffic jams by working and shopping at your home computer, and lighting your home with wind power. The surprise is that in the 20th.centruy, technology sometimes seemed intent on destroying the environmentwith a mess of smog-belching cars, toxic wastes and polluted waters.Increasingly, technology has the potential to help clean up the mess. We are on the verge of a “green revolution” in the way autom obiles are fueled and energy is generated. And, best of all, the revolution may be relatively painless, sparing affluent consumers the need to sacrifice comfortable lifestyles.The innovation creating the most excitement is the development of “fuel cell” t echnology, which uses hydrogen（氢） and oxygen（氧） to set off a chemical reaction that produces electricity. The fuel cell, originally developed for the US space program and currently in use in the space shuttle, has the potential to replace the sort of engine that is presently used in cars and create motor vehicles that spew harmless water vapor from their tailpipes（排气管）. Motorists would refuel at service stations, pumping methanol（甲醇）that would be converted to hydrogen inside their vehicles. Fuel cells also could act as mini power plants producing clean electricity and hot water in homes and offices.Statements1.By 2020, the technology will destroy theenvironment with a mess of smog-belching cars, toxic waste and polluted waters.2.The “green revolution” in the way automobiles are fueled and energy is generated may be painful.3.The “fuel cell” is the technology originally developed for the US space program.4.“Fuel cell” is the only safe technology used in the motor companies.5.Electricity and hot water in homes and offices may be produced by “fuel cell”.Passage 2Harvard is America’s oldest institution of higher learning, founded in 1636, 140 years before the Declaration of Independence was signed, and was named for its first benefactor, John Harvard of Charlestown. John Harvard was a young minister who, upon his death in 1638, left his library and half his estate to the new institution. Its mission, to advance new ideas and promote enduring knowledge, has kept the University young.The expression “every tub on its own bottom” is often used to describe the decentralized organization and financial arrangement of Harvard’s principal academic units: nine faculties overseeing Harvard’s 12 schools and colleges and the Radcliff Institute forAdvanced Study. Each unit is headed by a dean, who is appointed by the president, and each is directly responsible for its own finances and organization. The University administration supports the activities of the academic units and other operations on a university-wide basis.Since its founding, the University has grown from nine students with a single master to an enrollment of more than 18,000 degree candidates, including undergraduates and students in 10 principal academic units. An additional 13,000 students are enrolled in one or more courses in the Harvard Extension School. Over 14,000 people work at Harvard, including more than 2,000 on the faculty. There are also 7,000 faculty appointments in affiliated teaching hospitals. Seven presidents of the United States---John Adams, John Quincy Adams, Theodore and Franklin Delano Roosevelt, Rutherford B. Hayes, John Fitzgerald Kennedy and George W. Bush---were graduates of Harvard. Its faculty has produced more than 40 Nobel laureates (获奖者).The University’s recent successful capital campaign, which raised $2.6 billion, has allowed the University to take meaningful steps toward its goals, such as increasing both undergraduate and graduatestudent financial aid, starting new construction projects to provide cutting-edge facilities for study and research, and endowing new chairs and professorships to ensure Harvard continues to attract top faculty.Statements6. Harvard is founded about 140 years ago.7. Apart from Harvard University, Oxford University is attracting top faculty.8. The president is responsible for each school’s finance and organization.9. Harvard has 14,000 students in total.10. There was only one teacher working at Harvard when it was founded in 1636.II. RD (深度阅读) Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please choose the corresponding letter. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Many words 1 to computers have become part of the daily language. Here is a guide to using yourcomputer in English.When your computer is ready to use, the first thing you see is the desktop. This is a(n) 2 of the screen that displays icons of programs installed on your computer. All the programs on the computer are called software. To start using a program, click on its icon. This should open in a new area of the screen called a window. When you 3 information, you can save it to your hard disk (also called a hard drive) or on a floppy disk.Large amounts of information can be copied (also written or burned) onto a CD. Most computers also have a DVD drive so that you can play DVDs. If your computer crashes, you might have to restart it. To surf the Internet (also called the Web), you need to be 4 to it with a modem. You will also need a browser, which is software that enables you to view WebPages. To go to a 5 website you need to type in its URL or web address. If you are not sure of the exact web address or want to search for particular information, you can use a search engine. Once you have found the site you want, you can browse the pages.III. ClozeIV．CVB1. Ten years of working in the company enabled him toafford a house of _____ size.A) model B) modest C) moderate D) mild2. Some of the most efficient refrigerators _____ 70percent less electricity than traditional models.A) exhaust B) absorb C) resume D) consume 3．The bottom chart shows the _____ of personal debt to personal income.A) rate B) ratio C) ration D) percentage4. Johnson has made up his mind to _____ himself tofive cigarettes a day.A) confine B) restrain C) restrict D)constrain5. They say they expect the meeting to have a marked_____ on the future of the country.A) affect B) impression C) impact D) weight6. In order to maintain physical well being, a person。