新广州牛津版初一英语上册知识汇总及练习
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性,平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益,请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间:9:00-18:30)。
【单词·要点】
1.German
作形容词时意为“德国的,德国人的,德语的”;作名词时,表示“德国人”,是可数名词,其复数形式在其后加s,表示“德语”是不可数名词。
2.everyone 每个人。
作主语时,be动词用单数
one is here. 人都到齐了。
辨析everyone与every one
3.favourite 最喜欢的
Favourite通常用来作定语,没有比较级和最高级形式,在含义上相当于like best。
What’s one’s favourite...?=What...does/do sb. like best?
4.dream作可数名词时,意为“梦想”。
还可意为“梦,睡梦”。
dream还可用作动词,意为“梦想,做梦”,常用于dream of/about(doing)sth.结构意为“梦见/想(做)某事”。
e.g.I never dream of/about happiness like this. 我从来没想到会这样幸福。
5.elder adj.年长的,与younger相对。
辨析elder与older
lder brother is one year older than me.
6.friendly adj.友好的。
be friendly to sb. 意为“对某人友好”。
friendly 虽然以-ly结尾,但它的词性是形容词,而不是副词。
类似的形容词还有:lovely可爱的 lonely 孤独的 lively 生动的
Ugly丑的 silly 傻的 daily 每日的
7.many adj.许多的;也可作代词,意为“许多”。
many students in the school yard.在校园里有许多学生。
Many of us think so.我们中有很多人这样认为。
辨析:many,much与a lot of/lots of
8.want 及物动词,意为“想要”,常见句型结构有:
9.enjoy 及物动词,意为”喜欢,享受....”,后常接名词、代词或动名词作宾语。
10.need
①作实义动词时,意为“需要”,有人称、数和时态的变化,其后常接名词、代词或不定式作宾语。
need to do sth. 需要做某事。
②作情态动词时,意为“需要”,无时态和人称的变化,常用于疑问句和否定句中,其后跟动词原形。
need 用于一般疑问句是,肯定回答用must,否定回答用needn’t。
回答以must开头的问句,作否定回答时一般用needn’t。
—Yes,he must./No,he needn’t.
11.other 另外的,其他的。
后接单数或复数名词。
e watching TV and reading books.
辨析other,the other,others,the others 与another
Ex.Lily and her sister look the same. I can’t tell one from .
A.other
B.the others
C.the other
D.others
【短语·要点】
1.play basketball打篮球。
在英语中,表示进行某种球类运动时,直接用“play+表示球类的单数名词”即可,在球类运动名词前不加任何冠词。
Play后接西洋乐器类名词时,表示“演奏....”,在西洋乐器类名词前必须加定冠词the。
Ex. Bill likes playing volleyball,but he doesn’t like playing piano.
A.the;the
B./;the
C.the;/
2.be good at意为“擅长....”,后接名词、代词或动名词,同义词组为do well in。
表示“不擅长....”或“在某方面做得不好”,用be bad/poor at.../do badly in.../be weak in...。
辨析be good at,be good for与be good to
Ex. 1)English is my favourite subject,and I am good it.
A.for
B.to
C.at
D.of
2)Amy is good at .
A.swim
B.swimming
C.swiming
D.swims
3.look like表示“看起来像….”
look是感官动词,后面跟形容词。
look也可以和like搭配,表示“看起来像….”,后面跟名词。
4.by school bus意为“乘校车”
by+表示交通工具的单数名词,构成表示交通方式的介宾短语,意为“乘坐/骑......”。
by bicycle骑自行车 by taxi坐出租车 by car 乘小汽车
by bus 乘公共汽车 by train坐火车 by plane坐飞机
“by+交通工具名词”在句中作方式状语,提问时用疑问副词how。
5.take the bus意为“乘公共汽车”
辨析take与by
e.g.I take the bus to school.= I go to school by bus.
6.answer to these questions意为“这些问题的答案”
介词to在此表示归属或附加,意为“归于,属于”。
the key to the door门的钥匙 the bridge to the knowledge通往知识的桥
the way to school 去学校的路
7.lots of = a lot of意为“许多的,大量的”。
辨析lots of/a lot of与a lot
Mr Green knows a lot about China.(作宾语)
Monkeys like eating bananas a lot.(作状语)
8.hope to do sth.意为“希望做某事”,动词不定时作宾语。
e.g.I hope to be your friend.
hope+(that)从句... 希望...e.g.I hope that they win the match!
10.hear from 意为“收到.....的来信”,相当于get/recrive a letter from....。
11.a boy called Bruce一名叫布鲁斯的男孩
called是call的过去分词。
过去分词短语called Bruce作后置定语,修饰名词boy。
called在此处相当于named。
【用法集萃】
1.listen to 听
2.close to接近
3.all over the world 全世界
4.far away from远离
5.pay attention to注意
6.start with以....开始
7.on the Internet 8.in English 用英语 9.learn about了解
10.tell sb. about sth.告诉某人关于某事 11.welcome to 欢迎光临
12.be from = come from 来自 13.make friends with sb.与某人交朋友
14.like/enjoy doing sth.喜欢做某事 15.live in居住在...
16.would like to do sth.想做某事 17.would like sb. to do sth.想某人做某事Exercises:
1)I’d like you for a picnic with us.
A.go
B.to go
C.going
D.went
2)The students in Class Two like sports.
A.playing
B.paly
C.plays
D.played
3)There a pencil and two rulers in the pencil-box.
A.are
B.is
C.be
D.have
4)Linda wants basketball with us this afternoon.
A.play
B.to play
C.plays
D.playing
5)Do you know the girl Amy?
A.call
B.calls
C.called
D.calling
6)Where your Englis teacher come from?
A.is
B.are
C.do
D.does
7)It’s very hard for us to work out the answer the question.
A.in
B.of
C.on
D.to
8)Do you want tennis with me on Saturday morning?
A.to play
B.play
C.playing
9)Do you enjoy English in our class,Mr Green?
A.teach
B.taught
C.to teach
D.teaching
10)Lisa is a little poor at Chinese.I think she needs it every day.
A.practise to speak
B.to practise speaking
C.practise speaking
11)What does your new school ?
A.like
B.look
C.look like
D.looks like
12)She looks very in her new dress.
A.beauty
B.beautiful
C.beautifully
D.more beautiful
13)Her mother goes to work bus every morning.
A.by
B.at
C.on
D.in
【句子·要点】
1.My dream is to be an engineer.我的梦想是成为一名工程师。
本句是一个“主语+连系动词+表语”结构的句子,动词不定式短语在句中作表语。
这类句子的主语通常是dream,work,task等名词。
Your task is to get all the balls back.
2.What does your father/mother do? 你父亲/母亲是做什么工作的?
询问某人现在从事何种职业或做什么工作,常用“What do/does+sb.+do?”句型。
询问职业的其他句型还有:
What + be + sb.?/What is sb.’s job?/What do/does + sb.+want to be?
3.Below are some reference books.下面是一些参考书。
本句是一个倒装句。
below作副词,意为“在下面”,与above相对。
below还可作介词,意为“在.....下方”,可指位置、程度、数量等、
【语法专项】
一、特殊疑问句
1.定义:特殊疑问句是指以who,what,whose,which,when,where,why,how等疑问句开头,对陈述句中某一部分提问的句子。
回答时,不用yes或no,而是用一个句子或短语。
2.句型结构
特殊疑问句的结构为:疑问词+ 一般疑问句?具体有以下两种情况:(1)疑问词 + be + 主语(+其他)?
How old is your brother?
Where are my books?
Why is he late?
(2)疑问词 + 助动词 + 主语 + 行为动词(+ 其他)?
Why do you like English?
How many books do you have?
(3)当主语是疑问代词who,whose,what,which或由疑问代词修饰主语时,句子应用陈述语序(主语和谓语不倒装)。
Which train leaves for Beijing?
Exercises:
()1)— do you speak English so well?
—Because I practice it with my partner every day.
A.Why
B.When
C.Who
()2)— is Jeremy Lin?
—He is a famous Harvard-educated,Asian-American NBA basketball player.
A.Where
B.What
C.Why
D.How old
()3)— do you go to work every day?
—By bike.
A.What
B.Who
C.How
D.When
()4)— can we find your brother at weekends?
—On the football field.
A.When
B.Which
C.Why
D.Where
()5)— is her favourite subject?
—Her favourite subject is art.
A.Why
B.When
C.Who
D.What
二、不定冠词
冠词是一种虚词,放在名词前面,帮助说明名词的含义。
它分为不定冠词(a,an)和定冠词(the)两种。
本单元主要学习不定冠词a和an的用法。
1.a和an的用法
2.a 和 an的区别
a用于读音以辅音音素开头的单词前,an用于读音以元音音素开头的单词前。
注:hour, honest 等单词以及f,h,l,m,n,s,x等辅音字母,发音是以元音音素开头的,所以当它们前面需加不定冠词时用an;相反,useful,university,European等单词的发音却是以辅音音素开头,当它们前面需加不定冠词时用a。
e.g.a university an hour
Exercises:
()1)—Excuse me,is this egg?
—No,it’s cake.
A.an;a
B.a;a
C.a;an
D.an;an
()2)There is “u”and “h” in the word “hour”.
A.an;an
B.a;a
C.an;a
D.a;an
()3)—Be careful!There is dog lying on the ground.
—Thanks a lot.
A.a
B.an
C.the
D./
Unit 2
【单词·要点】
1.love 热爱,喜欢
love后面可以接动词的-ing形式和动词不定式,构成句型love doing sth.或love to do sth.,意为“喜欢做某事”。
love doing sth强调习惯性的动作,而love to do sth.强调某一次特定的动作。
可与like互换。
2.so 因此,所以
在连接表示原因和结果的两个句子时,so后面的句子表示结果,与前面表示原因的句子往
往用逗号分开。
e.g.I am tired,so I want to have a break.
3.辨析watch,look,see与read
4.At about 5:30pm. 大约在下午5:30
介词at此处表示时间,意为“在”。
辨析at,in与on
5.arrive到达
arrive不及物动词,后面跟地点名词时,应加介词in或at。
大地方用in,小地方用at。
【短语·要点】
1.once or twice a week每周一两次。
在英语表示频率的表达中,表示“一次”用“once”,“两次”用“twice”,若次数为“三次或三次以上”时则用“基数词+times”,此时time是可数名词,意为“次数”。
2.on foot 步行
go to … on foot 意为“步行去…..”,可与walk to…互换使用。
3.take part in参加
通常指参加集体性活动,如参加讨论、游行、比赛、战斗和庆祝等活动。
Ex.下周大约有300名学生将参加学校的运动会。
About 300 students the school sports meeting next week.
【拓展】join是及物动词,意为“加入”,表示加入某一组织,党派,社会团体、某一人群或某一活动中,从而成为其中的成员。
join后常出现club,army,team,group以及人称代词宾格等。
4.how often 多久一次
用于对表示频率的词语提问,回答时通常用usually,often,every day,every night,once a day等表示频率的副词或短语。
辨析how often,how soon 与how long
Ex.
( )1)— do you go to the library?
—Once a month.
A.How many times
B.How soon
C.What time
D.How often
2)We help grandmother clean her house three times a week.(对划线部分提问)
do you help grandmother clean her house?
3)She will be back in an hour.(对划线部分提问)
will she be back?
5.ride a bicycle 骑自行车
ride可作及物或不及物动词,表示“骑(自行车/马);乘(车)”。
e.g.I can’t ride a horse.
辨析ride a bike 与by bike
6.between...and ...在.....和.....之间
辨析between与among
ter in the afternoon下午稍晚的时候
later副词,意为“后来,过后”。
常用于“一段时间+later”,表示“.....之后”。
8.at the end of在.....末,在.....尽头。
表示时间、空间或事件的过程。
相关短语:by the end of...到....末 in the end最后,终于
come to an end告终,结束 end up with...以.....结束
9.help sb. with sth.帮助某人做某事。
with后跟名词或代词。
相关短语:①help sb.(to)do sth.帮助某人做某事
②help (to) do sth.帮助做某事
【句子·要点】
1.How short it is! 休息时间多么短啊!
本句是一个由how引导的感叹句,其构成为:How + 形容词/副词 + 主语 + 谓语!is!
How fast he runs!
【拓展】what也可引导感叹句,其构成为:
①What + a(an) + 形容词+单数可数名词+主语+谓语!
②What +形容词+不可数名词/复数名词+主语+谓语!
What beautiful flowers these are!
2.People often start by writing“Dear Diary”.
“by+v.-ing形式”意为“通过做某事”。
介词by意为“通过....,凭.....”,后面常接v.-ing形式,表示通过做某事而得到某种结果。
常用来回答How do you...?或How can I...?这类问句
e.g.—How do you learn English?
—I learn English by listening to cassettes.
【用法集萃】
1.talk about 谈论
2.from...to...从....到....
3.keep a diary 记日记
4.ask sb. about sth.询问某人关于某事
5.junior high school 初级中学
6.in the world 在世界上
7.after-school activities 课外活动
8.have a good/great time=enjoy oneself=have fun 过得愉快 9.play with和某人玩
10.brush one’s teeth 刷牙 11.be close to +地点名词离某地近
11.a glass of ...一杯..... 12.after lunch 午饭后
Ex.( )1)Tom,please give me .
A.a glass of milk
B.a glass of milks
C.two glass of milk
D.two glasses of milks
( )2)Jenny is friendly,and she always helps me my English.
A.with
B.to
C.of
D.on
( )3)My father always goes to bed 10p.m.
A.on
B.in
C.for
D.at
( )4)The two kids practice spoken English joining the English club.
A.by
B.in
C.on
D.with
( )5)At weekends,my sister loves but my brother likes fishing.
A.swim;go
B.swimming;going
C.swim;going
D.swimming;go
( )6)There are not any buses here, my father has to walk home every day.
A.because
B.and
C.so
D.but
( )7) she was ill, she didn’t go to school.
A.Because;so
B.Because;/
C.So;because
D.So;/
( )8) interesiting the book is!
A.How
B.What
C.How an
D.What an
( )9) beautiful your school is!
A.How a
B.How
C.What a
D.What
10)你喜欢打羽毛球吗?
Do you badminton?
11)让我们到乡村去帮助孩子们学习。
Let’s go to the countryside to the kids their study.
12)午饭后,他们出去了。
They went outside .
13)聚会时,我坐在苏和简之间。
I sat Sue Jane at the party.
14)下午晚些时候我将跟妈妈出去购物。
I will go shopping with my mother
15)下学期彼特将要去中学读书了。
他将是一名初中生。
Peter will study in the Middle School next term.He will be a Student.
16)我每月拜访祖父母两三次
I visit my grandparents .
17)My grandmother walks to the park every afternoon.(同义句转换)
= My grandmother the park every afternoon.
【语法专项】
一、一般现在时
一般现在时表示经常性或习惯性的动作,也可以表示现在存在的状态或主语具有的性质、特征等。
一般现在时常与always,usually,often,sometimes等频度副词或every day/week/morning,in the morning/afternoon/evening等时间状语连用。
e.g.I am eleven years old. Are you good at swimming?
My elder sister loves reading. Where are they from?
Does your father like playing computer games?
Ex.( )1)—What’s his brother?
—He is a teacher.He maths at a school.
A.taught
B.has taught
C.teaches
D.will teache
()2)Lucy and Lily sisters.They study at the same school.
A.be
B.am
C.is
D.are
( )3)Summer holiday is coming,Li Lei with his father to go to Shanghai.
A.want
B.will want
C.wants
二、频度副词
频度副词在句中通常位于实义动词之前,be动词或情态动词等之后。
按照动作发生的频率高低,常见的频度副词有:always,usually,often,sometimes,seldom,never。
表示频率的常见副词短语有:once a week,twice a year,every day,every month。
Ex.
( )1)—Does Anna play baseball on Sunday?
—No,she .
A.is never
B.never is
C.never does
D.does never
( )2)Alan to work by bicycle.
ually go
B.go usually
ually goes
D.goes usually
( )3)Bobby always gets up early,but Mary and Amy .
A.doesn’t always
B.always doesn’t
C.don’t always
D.always don’t ( )4)Mr. Zhang is very busy with his business,so he has time to play.
A.always;seldom
B.always;sometimes
ually;often
D.sometimes;never ( )5)We usually have dinner at home in the evening,but we eat out.
A.sometimes
B.seldom
C.never
D.always
( )6)—How often do the students play sports? — .
A.Twice a day
B.Since last day
C.For two hours
D.A month ago
Unit 3
知识目标高频词
Earth,quiz,pattern ,protect,report,part,land,field,
large,provide
pollution,burn,energy,pollute,into,ground,kill,
must,important ,
fact,kilometer,own,catch,few,away,problem
高频词
provide …with… put…into…
组find out throw away
1.能分辨常用的可数名词和不可数名词,并掌握其使用规律;
语法
2.掌握存在句there is/are .... 的用法。
【单词·要点】
1.Earth 地球,其前需加定冠词the。
on Earth = on (the) earth
on earth作“世上”解,用于最高级之后,以加强语气。
2. large adj.大的。
同义词为big。
辨析:large,big and great
large“大的”(反义词:small),多指面积大
big“大的“,其反义词是little,与large一样都指具体事物,但big多指体积大,还可表示“巨大,伟大,重要”等。
great“巨大的,伟大的,重大的”,除表示数量、体积大外,还指抽象的事物或精神方面的东西。
China is a big country.(强调实力)
China is a great country.(强调伟大)
3.Air has no smell.空气无味。
①no修饰可数名词单数时,相当于not a/an。
②no修饰可数名词复数或不可数名词时,相当于not any。
m.
4.else 别的,另外的
else修饰不定代词、疑问代词或副词时须后置。
【拓展】other也有“别的,其他的”之意,是形容词,放在名词前作定语。
5.any adj.一些。
修饰不可数名词或可数名词复数均可。
any还可以作为代词,表示“任何”。
e.g.I don’t like any of them.辨析any与some
Ex.( )1.—Would you like to have coffee?
—No,thanks.I don’t want drinks now.
A.any;any
B.any;some
C.some;some
D.some;any
6.own adj.自己的;v.拥有,相当于have。
I own a new bike. = I have a new bike.
辨析own与have
7.problem可数名词,意为“问题,难题”
辨析problem 与 question
8.alive adj.意为“活着的,在世的”
辨析alive 与 living
【短语·要点】
1.protect sb./sth. from….. 保护某人/某物免受…..伤害
E.g. We must protect the forest from fire.我们必须保护那片森林免受水灾。
2.be covered by…被…覆盖(表动作)
be covered with… 覆盖(表状态)
Ex.( )1)The snow is too heavy.All the roads by it and it’s white everywhere.
A.cover
B.covered
C.are covered
D.is covered
E.g. Much of the land is covered by forest. 森林覆盖着大片土地。
The road is covered with leaves in autumn. 秋天这条路盖满了树叶。
3.provide sb. with sth. / provide sth. for sb. 为某人提供某物
辨析:provide and offer
provid
e 指“准备好必需品来供
应”
provide sth. for sb.= provide sb. with
sth.
E.g. They provide food for the hungry
children.
offer
指“主动地提供帮助、
offer sb. sth. = offer sth. to sb.
支撑等”,强调“主动
E.g. The boys offered to help the old.
提供”
4. put...into... 把……倒入……
E.g. They put the waste into the river. 他们把废水倒入河中。
与put有关的短语:
put up 举起;张贴 put off 推迟;推延 put away 把…..收拾好
put down 放下;写下,记下 put on 穿上 put out 熄灭,扑灭
5.stop doing sth.停止做某事。
辨析stop doing sth. and stop to do sth
stop doing sth.停止做某事(doing作宾语)
e.g. We stopped talking when Mr Wang came in.
stop to do sth停下来做某事(to do作目的状语)
et.
Ex.( )1)When we run on the playground,Jack suddenly stops and lies on the ground,so we all stop what’s wrong.
A.to run;to see
B.running;seeing
C.running;to see
D.to run;seeing
6.fewer and fewer 越来越少。
“比较级+ and +比较级”常表示事物本身程度的逐渐变化,表示“越来越....”Ex.( )1)It’s summer now.The weather is getting .
A.higher and higher
B.lower and lower
C.hotter and hotter
D.colder and colder
7.find out 发现,查明
辨析find out 与find
8.keep sb./sth. +形容词保持某人/某物……
Ex. ( )1)You should keep the window because the room is too hot. A.open B.opening C.opened
【用法集萃】
1.on the land 在陆地上
2.in the sky/air 在空中
3.under the water 在水下
4.make energy 制造能源
5.under the ground 在地下
6.one quarter 四分之一
7.throw away 扔掉
8.catch a fish/fishes 捕鱼
9.lift…up… 抬起
10.put…into… 把…倒入….. 11.let sb. do sth. 让某人做某事
12.find out 发现,查明 13.need sb./sth. to do sth. 需要某人/某物做某事
一、用适当的介词填空。
1)Look!Fish are swimming the water.
2)There are many kinds of animals and plants the land.
3)My brother dug a hole the ground.
4)Birds usually fly the sky in spring.
5)He lifted his left foot . Because there was lots of water under it.
6)Don’t throw the old books.They are very useful fo us.
二、根据中文意思完成句子。
1)不要把废水倒进湖里。
Do n’t the waste water lakes.
2)我们可以用许多不同的方法来制造能源。
We can in many different ways.
3)她吃了这个苹果的四分之一。
She ate of the apple.
4)这个小孩能提起这个笨重的箱子。
The child can the heavy box .
5)我爷爷是一位渔民,每天都在海上捕鱼。
My grandfather is a fisherman and he on the sea every day.【句子·要点】
1.It is important for us to protect the Earth for our future.对我们来说,为了未来保护地球是重要的。
本句为“It + be + 形容词 +for sb.+动词不定时短语”句型,意为“对某人来说做某事是......”。
其中it在句首作形式主语,后面的动词不定时短语才是句子的真正主语。
Ex.( )1)It’s quite exciting me the Internet.
A.for;surf
B.for;to surf
C.for;for surf
( )2)It is very important for us English well.
A.learn
B.to learn
C.learning
D.learned
2.The weather was very hot. 天气很热。
weather 不可数名词,意为“天气”,作主语时,谓语动词要用单数。
询问天气的常用句型:
①What’s the weather like ...?
②How is the weather ...?
【语法专项】
一、可数名词和不可数名词
英语中,名词分为可数名词和不可数名词。
1.可数名词的用法
可数名词有单复数之分。
可数名词单数形式常为名词本身,且一般要在其前加冠词或其他限定词。
单数可数名词作主语时,谓语动词常用单数形式。
2.不可数名词的用法
不可数名词不能计数,一般没有复数形式,也不能用不定冠词a/an或数词one直接修饰。
它包括物质名词和抽象名词。
不可数名词作主语时,谓语动词一般用单数形式。
①不可数名词可用some,any,much,a lot of,(a)little,a bit of来修饰,表示一定的量。
e.g.I don’t have any milk.
②不可数名词可用表示数量的名词来表示其数量,此时的名词有复数形式。
Ex.( )1.“What do we need for the salad?”“We need two apples and three ”
A.orange
B.tomatoes
C.broccoli
( )2.The often eat grass on the hill.
A.chicken
B.horse
C.cow
D.sheep
( )3.I like best of all the vegetables.
A.potatoes
B.tomato
C.breads
D.rice
()4.—Mum,I am hungry.May I have some ?
—Of course.But don’t eat too much.
A.bread
B.noodle
C.dumpling
D.hamburger
( )5.I’m going to the supermarket to buy some this afternoon.
A.paper and pencil
B.apples and banana
k and eggs
D.bowl and spoons
二、There be 句型
在英语中,there be 句型表示“某地有….”。
句型中的there 是引导词,本身无实际意义;be是谓语动词,be 后面的名词才是真正的主语。
句子最后面为地点状语或时间状语。
①当主语是可数名词单数或不可数名词时,谓语动词必须用单数;当主语是可数名词复数时,谓语动词必须用复数。
②如果There be 句型中的主语是几个并列名词时,则根据第一个名词的数确定be的形式,即该名词若是单数名词或不可数名词,be用单数;该名词若是复数名词,be用复数。
Ex.
( )1. something wrong with my bike.Can I use yours?
A.It is
B.It was
C.There is
D.There was
( )2.Look! some juice in the glass.
A.There is
B.There are
C.There have
D.There has
( )3.There some flowers on the teacher’s desk just now,but now there nothing on it.
A.have;has
B.were;was
C.were;is
D.has;has
( )4. no milk in the fridge.
A.There is
B.It is
C.There are
D.There has
( )5.There a computer and some books on it.
A.are
B.is
C.have
D.has
Unit 4
【单词·要点】
1.often 副词,意为“时常,经常”,一般用于行为动词之前,be动词或助动词之后,有时也用于句末以加强语气。
辨析often,always,usually与sometimes
2.spend 及物动词,意为“花(时间)”,其后常与介词on/in连用,spend的主语必须是人,常用于一下结构:
3.knock 敲;敲打。
接宾语时常先接介词on或at。
Ex.I usually spend half an hour my homework every night.
A.at
B.in
C.on
D.to
【短语·要点】
1.watch sb. do sth. 看某人做某事,强调动作的全过程。
e.g.I watch him get on the bus.
watch sb. doing sth. 看某人正在做某事,强调动作正在进行中。
e.g.I watch her cleaning the classroom.
Ex.I’m watching him a kite.
A.flying
B.to fly
C.flies
D.is flying
2.start意为“开始”。
start to do sth.和start doing sth.表示“开始做某事”,一般情况下两者可以互换,但下列情形中,要注意其区别:
e.g.I start learning English.
I’m starting to cook the dinner.
Mary starts to guess what is in the bag.
3.take a trip 意为“去旅行”。
take 常和名词连用,意为“做....事情”,表示与该名词意义相关的动作。
take a trip 也可以说成have a trip,类似的词组还有:
take/have a rest休息一下 take/have a walk散步
take/have a swim 游泳 take/have a look看一看
4.have fun 过得愉快,玩得高兴,相当于have a good time/enjoy oneself。
fun是不可数名词,表示“娱乐,乐趣”。
常用于have fun doing sth.结构中,意为“愉快地做某事”。
5.get married意为“结婚”,与be married 同义。
get/be married to sb. 与某人结婚。
注意此时to不能改为with。
【拓展】①marry sb. 表示“嫁给某人/与某人结婚”。
②marry sb. to sb. 表示“(父母把女儿)嫁给某人”或“(父母为儿子)娶媳妇”。
6.put forward 把.....向前拨
【拓展】put forward的其他用法:
①向前移
②将....提前
③提出
e.g.Please put forward a new plan.
【句子·要点】
1.What about you? 你呢?
what about ...? 意为“....怎么样”,与How about...?同义。
常用于询问消息、征求意见或建议,其后可以跟名词、代词或v.-ing形式。
2.See how deep The puddles get.看水坑变得多深。
这是一个含有宾语从句的复合句,从句由疑问副词how引导,从句的语序是陈述语序。
the puddles 是从句的主语,get是谓语。
e.g.I want to know how he goes to school.
3....Sandy footprints Made by me. ....被我踩出串串沙滩足迹。
句中made by me 是过去分词短语,放在所修饰的名词footprints的后面,作后置定语,表示被动的含义。
4.At 1 a.m. on that day,the socks in all pubilc places in the UK are put forward an hour,from 1 a.m. to 2 a.m.在那天的凌晨一点,英国所有公共场所的钟表被向前拨一个小时,从一点调到两点。
这是一个含有一般现在时的被动句。
被动语态表示被动意义,即主语是谓语动词所表示的动作的承受者。
一般现在时的被动语态的构成:be(am/is/are)+及物动词的过去分词。
【用法集萃】
1.like...best 最喜欢....
2.in spring 在春天
3.get warm 变暖
4.send out 发出
5.go on a picnic=have a picnic 去野餐
6.at this time of year 在每年的这个时候
7.make snowmen 堆雪人
8.the Spring Festival 春节
9.have dinner 吃晚饭10.on Monday morning 在星期一上午 11.plant trees 植树 12.during the day 在白天13.in the north of China 在中国北部 14.at thar time 在那时
Ex.
( )1.He’s from .He’s an Australian.
A.Australian
B.Australians
C.Australia
D.australia
( )2.Look!The are falling from the tree.
A.leaf
B.leafs
C.leaves
D.leafes
( )3.Everything going well.
A.am
B.is
C.are
D./
( )4.I visit my friends the Spring Festival.
A.in
B.at
C.during
D.on
( )5.There are people in the park.
A.a lot
B.lot of
C.a lots of
D.a lot of
( )6.There is snow today.
A.big
B.heavy
C.heavily
D.strongly
【语法专项】
形容词的用法
1.形容词表示人或事物的性质、状态,一般置于它所修饰的名词之前作定语,或联系动词之后作表语。
We have enough time/time enough. He is happy and I feel sad.
2.名词变为形容词的方法:
①在名词后面加-y可以变成形容词(尤其是一些与天气有关的名词)。
如rain-rainy,cloud-cloudy,wind-windy,snow-snowy,health-healthy,luck-lucky等。
②少数以不发音的e结尾的名词变为形容词时,应去掉e再加-y。
如noise-noisy,ice-icy。
3.It is+形容词+动词不定式(短语)
在这个句型中,常用interesting,exciting,nice,easy,difficult等形容词。
【拓展】①在此句型中,如果要说明动词不定式(短语)的动作是谁做的,可在动词不定式(短语)前加一个for引起的短语,作动词不定式(短语)的逻辑主语。
②如果表语是kind,nice,right,wrong,clever,polite等描述行为者的性格、品质的形容词,则应在动词不定式(短语)前加一个of引起的短语。
Ex.
1.It’s (礼貌) to use quiet voices in the library.
2.Don’t be (害羞)when you speak English to foreign friends.
3.—Jack,is there in today’s newpaper?
—No,nothing.
A.anything important
B.something important
C.important anything
D.important something
4.The meat smells .Throw it away.
A.well
B.good
C.badly
D.bad
5.—What kind of books do you like?
—I like funny storybooks.They’re very .
A.boring
zy
C.quiet
D.interesting
6.It’s dangerous with the wild animal.
A.for us to play
B.of us playing
C.for us playing
D.of us to play.
7.It is in Harbin in winter.
A.rainy
B.snowy
C.hot
D.warm
8.It is exciting kites in spring.
A.fly
B.flies
C.flying
D.to fly
9.他们很难在这么短的时间内想出新的办法。
a new way in such a short time.
Unit 5
【单词·要点】
1.without 没有,缺乏
后面可以跟名词、代词或动名词作宾语,常位于句首或句中作状语。
2.weak adj.虚弱的,无力的。
短语be weak in 意为“在....方面弱”。
3.if 连词,意为“如果”。
引导条件状语从句,表示主句动作发生的条件,有从句的动作发生就会有主句的动作发生。
Ex. she works hard,she’ll get good grads.
A.If
B.Because
C.Before
D.Though
4.work不及物动词,意为“运转;运行”
【拓展】work的其他用法:
③work作可数名词,意为“作品,着作”。
e.g.I like reading the works of Shakespeare.
5.enough
①作形容词时意为“足够的,充分的”。
修饰名词时enough置于其前、后均可。
②作副词时意为“足够地,充分地”,只能放在形容词或副词的后面。
6.return
①不及物动词,意为“回来,返回”,相当于come back。
②及物动词,意为“归还”,相当于give back。
【短语·要点】
1.more than 超过;多于,其反义词组为less than,意为“少于,不到”
more....than 意为“比....更”,其中more可以修饰名词、形容词或副词。
Joan is more clever than John.
2.take...to...把.....带到.....
take为及物动词,意为“拿,带”,后跟宾语,强调将某人或某物从说话地点带到其他地方去。
e.g.I want to take some books to the classroom.
【拓展】bring及物动词,也意为“拿,带”,但动作的方向与take恰好相反。
bring表示将某人或某物从别处带到说话地点。
3.be able to 能够
辨析be able to与can
Ex.I am afraid that I finish the task in such a short time.Could you help me,please?
A.can
B.am not able to
C.am going to
4.have to 必须,不得不
辨析have to与must
e.g. I must/have to go to school now.
I don’t have to buy a new bike.
Ex.—Susan,would you like to go hiking with us this afternoon?
—I’d love to,but I study for a test.
A.may
B.have to
C.can
5.so that以便,为了
引导一个表示目的的状语从句;从句谓语中常用情态动词may/might,can/could, should,would等;主从句之间衔接紧凑,没有逗号相隔。
6.help sb. to do sth. 帮助某人做某事,其中do sth.是省略to 的动词不定式。
【拓展】与help相关的短语
①help sb. with sth. 在某方面帮助某人。
with后接名词或代词。
②help oneself to sth. 自用或自取某物。
③can’t help doing sth. 情不自禁地做某事。
7.as+形容词/副词+as one can 意为“尽可能”。
one要随主语的人称变化而变化,而。