EST 定义与范畴
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(the amount or value of trade being done:营业额；交易量）
目前业务很好/不好/清淡/火爆。
j
④ We have three businesses to talk over with your presentatives。 （an affair or matter:讨论的事、事务） 我们有三件事要与你方代表商谈。 ⑤ We‟ve received three big orders already, now we‟re in business! 我们已经收到三笔大订单，现在我们经营成功了。 ⑥ Business flutuations are revealed by such comprehensive economic indications as production,profit, investment, price and so on. 行情波动是通过下列各种综合经济指标体现的，如生 产、利润、投资、价格等。 ▲（行情波动：工商业活动中所出现的各种波动）
⑨ Our business hours are from 9 to 5 ⑩ We‟ll better stop chattering and get down to business.
（to start dealing with the more important matter or subject: 着手处理重要的问题/事情；认真干起来）
2世界上越来越多的科学家及工程技术人员要求阅读用esp撰写的文章和书籍其结果普通英语不能满足需求英美许多应用语学家提出了esp这一理论于是作为英语语言学习一个分支专门用途英语就出现了
I. Englistroduction to ESP 1. The International Conference on the Second Language Teaching held London Dec. 1960 (1960年12月在伦敦召开了亚非拉美国家英语作为 第二语言教学第一次国际会议) 2. ESP as a new subject alongside the general English （专门用途英语成为一门新型学科） 1）亚非拉美国家大学生把英语作为交流工具来学习其 他的课程。 2）世界上越来越多的科学家及工程技术人员要求阅读 用ESP撰写的文章和书籍 3) 其结果，普通英语不能满足需求,英美许多应用语 学家提出了ESP这一理论，于是，作为英语语言学 习一个分支----专门用途英语就出现了。
科研论文 科技论文通常较长、正式且有详细的文献资料，用来 探讨、分析某个实际或理论问题。 准备一篇科技论文为你评析阅读和推敲证据材料提 供了实践。这不仅对你在校内期间很重要，而且对你在 校外和毕业后从事的任何工作也非常重要。科研论文为 你学习如何使用图书、文献资料提供了机会和经验，为 你撰写长篇论文或报告提供了宝贵的实践，并为你独立 学习新知识提供了良机。如果我们必须核实证据，组织 各种材料，然后用书面说明向其他人加以解释的话，我 们就得了解某一课题，并透彻加以研究。 撰写论文一般分五步：① 选择课题；② 收集材料； ③ 分析材料并组织观点；④ 写出草稿；⑤ 修改并定稿。
Practice in Classs
【例1】 No signal transmitted from the cat and mouse station was detected. 【译文1】从“猫鼠站”电台发出的没有信 号 被检测到。 【译文1】没有检测到从航向和指挥电台 发出的信号。
【例2】 The combining power of one element in the compound must eqaul the combining power of the other element. 化合物中的一种元素的化合价必须等于另一种 元素的化合价。 【例3】 To say a falling body has an acceleration of 3.2 ft. 【】 per second per second means that it falls 3.2 ft. father during each second than it did during the second immediately before. 我们说某一落体的加速度为32一尺/ 秒，就是说， 落体的每一秒内都比前一秒内多降落32英尺。 【例4】 One body never exerts a force upon another without the second reacting against the first. 一物体对另一物体施力必然会受到另一物体的 反作用力。
2．EOP-----English for Vocational or Occupational Purposes （职业英语） EOP is called “ English for Careers” in the United States. English for Vocational or Occupational Purposes is defined as the particular language skills necessary for occupational requirements,e.g. for international air traffic controllers, international telephone operators, seacraft controllers, international railways, international commerce, computer programming, tourism, vocational training prograof ms. It is used for the staff international hotels and restaurants,bankers, air crews and technical traders.
⑦ It‟s a teacher‟s business to make children learn. 〔U〕(onｅ’ s responsibility or concern：职责，关心的事，本
分，任务)
⑧ This company was doing a great business.
（the acting of buying and selling goods and services：商业，买卖 交易，生意）
The following example is used to train the staff of advetising companies Advertising has been called “the voice of business”, for it seeks to make people aware of things they may need and to make them desire these things.It tells them what products or services are on the market, and how they can be obtained. It announces new products and descri bes nueatew uses and improves f features of amiliar ones.
English for Acamic Purposes is used by overseas students, researchers and visiting Brtain, America or other countries where English is used in courses, lectures and senimars.
⑦ 教师的职责教孩子学习。 ⑧ 这家公司生意兴隆。 ⑨ 我们的营业时间从上午九点到下午五点。 ⑩ 闲话少说，还是书归正传吧。
II. What is ESP composed of?
ESP
EAP
EOP
EST
1.
EAP—— English for Acamic Purposes
（学术英语）
1. English for Acamic Purposes is defined as the particular language skills necessary for certain academic or professional courses of study. It may be required for a student following scientific courses or lectures, reading scientific literature, writing scientific experimental reports,technical instructions and treatises. EAP is essential for practising in note-tating and mastering the language appropriate the seminar discussion. For example:
① She always puts business before pleasure.
她总是工作在前享乐在后。（工作、职业）
② Business is to be conducted by Manager under
supervision of Creditors Commettee. ⑥ （shop, factory,company:公司、商号） 公司在债权人委员会管辖下由经理负责经营。 ③ Business is good/ bad/ slow /booming at the moment.
you a chance to learn something new yourself.. We learn some about a subject and learn it thoroughly if we have to sift evidence, organize various kinds of material, and then explain it to others by means of a writtern exposition. There are generally five steps paper:in writing research ① choosing a subject;② collecting material; ③analyzing the material and organizing your ideas; ④ writing the first draft; ⑤ revising the draft and finalizing it. ------A College Handbook of Composition
A research paper is usually a formal, fairly long and well-documented composition that explores, discusses,or analyzes a certain factual or theoretical question. The preparation of a research paper gives you practice in critical reading and weighing evidence, practice that is valuable not only in college courses but in whatever you may do outeside of and after colle ge. It gives you an opportunity to learn how to use libraries and provides experience in the us e of documentation. It gives you valuable practice in writing long papers or reports. Finally it gives
目前业务很好/不好/清淡/火爆。
j
④ We have three businesses to talk over with your presentatives。 （an affair or matter:讨论的事、事务） 我们有三件事要与你方代表商谈。 ⑤ We‟ve received three big orders already, now we‟re in business! 我们已经收到三笔大订单，现在我们经营成功了。 ⑥ Business flutuations are revealed by such comprehensive economic indications as production,profit, investment, price and so on. 行情波动是通过下列各种综合经济指标体现的，如生 产、利润、投资、价格等。 ▲（行情波动：工商业活动中所出现的各种波动）
⑨ Our business hours are from 9 to 5 ⑩ We‟ll better stop chattering and get down to business.
（to start dealing with the more important matter or subject: 着手处理重要的问题/事情；认真干起来）
2世界上越来越多的科学家及工程技术人员要求阅读用esp撰写的文章和书籍其结果普通英语不能满足需求英美许多应用语学家提出了esp这一理论于是作为英语语言学习一个分支专门用途英语就出现了
I. Englistroduction to ESP 1. The International Conference on the Second Language Teaching held London Dec. 1960 (1960年12月在伦敦召开了亚非拉美国家英语作为 第二语言教学第一次国际会议) 2. ESP as a new subject alongside the general English （专门用途英语成为一门新型学科） 1）亚非拉美国家大学生把英语作为交流工具来学习其 他的课程。 2）世界上越来越多的科学家及工程技术人员要求阅读 用ESP撰写的文章和书籍 3) 其结果，普通英语不能满足需求,英美许多应用语 学家提出了ESP这一理论，于是，作为英语语言学 习一个分支----专门用途英语就出现了。
科研论文 科技论文通常较长、正式且有详细的文献资料，用来 探讨、分析某个实际或理论问题。 准备一篇科技论文为你评析阅读和推敲证据材料提 供了实践。这不仅对你在校内期间很重要，而且对你在 校外和毕业后从事的任何工作也非常重要。科研论文为 你学习如何使用图书、文献资料提供了机会和经验，为 你撰写长篇论文或报告提供了宝贵的实践，并为你独立 学习新知识提供了良机。如果我们必须核实证据，组织 各种材料，然后用书面说明向其他人加以解释的话，我 们就得了解某一课题，并透彻加以研究。 撰写论文一般分五步：① 选择课题；② 收集材料； ③ 分析材料并组织观点；④ 写出草稿；⑤ 修改并定稿。
Practice in Classs
【例1】 No signal transmitted from the cat and mouse station was detected. 【译文1】从“猫鼠站”电台发出的没有信 号 被检测到。 【译文1】没有检测到从航向和指挥电台 发出的信号。
【例2】 The combining power of one element in the compound must eqaul the combining power of the other element. 化合物中的一种元素的化合价必须等于另一种 元素的化合价。 【例3】 To say a falling body has an acceleration of 3.2 ft. 【】 per second per second means that it falls 3.2 ft. father during each second than it did during the second immediately before. 我们说某一落体的加速度为32一尺/ 秒，就是说， 落体的每一秒内都比前一秒内多降落32英尺。 【例4】 One body never exerts a force upon another without the second reacting against the first. 一物体对另一物体施力必然会受到另一物体的 反作用力。
2．EOP-----English for Vocational or Occupational Purposes （职业英语） EOP is called “ English for Careers” in the United States. English for Vocational or Occupational Purposes is defined as the particular language skills necessary for occupational requirements,e.g. for international air traffic controllers, international telephone operators, seacraft controllers, international railways, international commerce, computer programming, tourism, vocational training prograof ms. It is used for the staff international hotels and restaurants,bankers, air crews and technical traders.
⑦ It‟s a teacher‟s business to make children learn. 〔U〕(onｅ’ s responsibility or concern：职责，关心的事，本
分，任务)
⑧ This company was doing a great business.
（the acting of buying and selling goods and services：商业，买卖 交易，生意）
The following example is used to train the staff of advetising companies Advertising has been called “the voice of business”, for it seeks to make people aware of things they may need and to make them desire these things.It tells them what products or services are on the market, and how they can be obtained. It announces new products and descri bes nueatew uses and improves f features of amiliar ones.
English for Acamic Purposes is used by overseas students, researchers and visiting Brtain, America or other countries where English is used in courses, lectures and senimars.
⑦ 教师的职责教孩子学习。 ⑧ 这家公司生意兴隆。 ⑨ 我们的营业时间从上午九点到下午五点。 ⑩ 闲话少说，还是书归正传吧。
II. What is ESP composed of?
ESP
EAP
EOP
EST
1.
EAP—— English for Acamic Purposes
（学术英语）
1. English for Acamic Purposes is defined as the particular language skills necessary for certain academic or professional courses of study. It may be required for a student following scientific courses or lectures, reading scientific literature, writing scientific experimental reports,technical instructions and treatises. EAP is essential for practising in note-tating and mastering the language appropriate the seminar discussion. For example:
① She always puts business before pleasure.
她总是工作在前享乐在后。（工作、职业）
② Business is to be conducted by Manager under
supervision of Creditors Commettee. ⑥ （shop, factory,company:公司、商号） 公司在债权人委员会管辖下由经理负责经营。 ③ Business is good/ bad/ slow /booming at the moment.
you a chance to learn something new yourself.. We learn some about a subject and learn it thoroughly if we have to sift evidence, organize various kinds of material, and then explain it to others by means of a writtern exposition. There are generally five steps paper:in writing research ① choosing a subject;② collecting material; ③analyzing the material and organizing your ideas; ④ writing the first draft; ⑤ revising the draft and finalizing it. ------A College Handbook of Composition
A research paper is usually a formal, fairly long and well-documented composition that explores, discusses,or analyzes a certain factual or theoretical question. The preparation of a research paper gives you practice in critical reading and weighing evidence, practice that is valuable not only in college courses but in whatever you may do outeside of and after colle ge. It gives you an opportunity to learn how to use libraries and provides experience in the us e of documentation. It gives you valuable practice in writing long papers or reports. Finally it gives