山东省菏泽市2022-2023学年高二下学期4月期中英语试题(A卷)

山东省菏泽市2022-2023学年高二下学期4月期中英语试题
（A卷）
学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________
一、阅读理解
You’ve probably tried easy center-city Beijing rides if you enjoy riding. Now it’s time to level up your rides, so they will take you out into the countryside and attractive mountains. Death Valley
Approximate distance:100 km loop(环线)
It may sound terrifying, but Beijing’s cyclists named this northern route “Death Valley” on account of the huge tomb it passes, not the number of on-road accidents it has witnessed. In reality, it’s the closest, mostly car-free loop to the city center.
Tuesday/Thursday TTT
Approximate distance: 54km loop
This Team Time Trial is very popular among the Beijing cycling community as an early morning ride before work. While it’s not particularly scenic, there are few traffic lights, and the roads are not too busy and have adequate bike lanes on each side, making it a relatively trouble-free ride. If you’d like to ride with a group, seek out early morning Beijing rider groups and join them on Tuesday or Thursday mornings at 5 am or 6 am depending on the season.
The Verse
Approximate distance: 120km loop
It passes a cafe with good (although expensive) food and even high-end accommodation, but the best part is their super welcoming attitude towards cyclists. It’s a bit of hike to get there but well worth the effort, as you are rewarded with amazing views of the Great Wall upon arrival, and a ride back that is mostly downhill.
Tongzhou Grand Canal Forest Park
Approximate distance: 70km loop
This park is the closest place for riders to enjoy the Grand Canal in Beijing. The Tongzhou Grand Canal is a true wonder in China, and one of the greatest civil engineering projects in history. The oldest parts of it date back hundreds of years BC．It will be a fun ride here.
1．Why is the northern route named “Death Valley”?
A．It has deadly loops for cars.
B．It is located in a distant place.
C．There is a large tomb on the route.
D．Many accidents have happened along the road.
2．Which of the following covers the shortest distance?
A．Death Valley.B．Tuesday/Thursday TTT.
C．The Verse D．Tongzhou Grand Canal Forest Park 3．What do the last two routes have in common?
A．They both offer a downhill ride.B．They both have adequate bike lanes. C．They both pass a second-to-none cafe.D．They both offer a view of historical sites.
Wind power is a powerful tool for reducing carbon emissions that cause climate change. The turbines (涡轮机), however, can be a threat to birds, which is why experts are looking for ways to prevent the danger.
A company in Boulder, Colorado has produced a camera-and-AI-based technology that can recognize eagles and other birds as they approach in enough time to shut off turbines in their flight paths. Their tool, called IdentiFlight, can detect 5.62 times more bird flights than human observers alone, with an accuracy rate of 94 percent. Using high-precision (高精确度的) visual sensors, the system calculates a bird’s speed and flight path, and if it is on a crash path with a turbine, a signal is sent to shut that turbine down.
Winning an award for its performance in Australia, the tracking system was set up in 2018 and was found to cut eagle deaths at the Cattle Hill Wind Farm by more than four-fifths. Each day signals have shut down their movements an average of 400 times—across the field of 48 turbines— for 2 to 3 minutes each time.
Across the globe, Duke Energy in Wyoming is employing the same technology with impressive results at its Top of the World Wind power Project, which was the first wind site to use the technology. In 2014, IdentiFlight’s maker, Boulder Imaging, used Top of the World for testing after eagles were killed by the turbines, which left Duke Energy in violation (违反) of the Migratory Bird Treaty Act. 47 units made of eight wide-angle cameras now constantly pass cross the sky to monitor all 110 turbines.
Bird lover Garry George admits, “Our own science shows that climate change is by far
the biggest threat to birds and the places wildlife need to survive. IdentiFlight will make it possible to fight the worst effects of climate change and protect the birds we love in the process.”
4．What can IdentiFlight do?
A．Stop the turbines when birds are spotted.
B．Prevent birds from choosing a crash path.
C．Identify potential threats to wind turbines.
D．Let the turbines make full use of wind power.
5．What does the data in paragraph 3 show about IdentiFlight?
A．It is widely used.B．It received a warm welcome.
C．It is very effective.D．It has a really long service life. 6．Why did Duke Energy work with Boulder Imaging in 2014?
A．It broke the relevant law on bird protection.
B．It responded to the call of Boulder Imaging.
C．It intended to improve its wide-angle cameras.
D．It followed in the Cattle Hill Wind Farm’s footsteps.
7．What is Garry George’s attitude to IdentiFlight?
A．Reserved.B．Approving.
C．Uncertain.D．Unconcerned.
The ocean sustains all life on our planet. It provides food to eat and oxygen to breathe, while playing a key role in making our climate less extreme. But the ocean is becoming considerably warmer, affecting its ability to sustain life. The high temperatures seen around the Mediterranean this year are indicative of rising global temperatures. Research found the sea temperatures recorded in the Mediterranean over the period 2015-2019 were the highest since the recording began in 1982.
Much of the research on ocean heatwaves finds that they affect certain habitats particularly strongly, including coral reefs, seagrass and seaweed. Ocean heatwaves were found to be responsible for the loss of up to 80% of the population of some Mediterranean species between 2015 and 2019.
A mass death event is a single, terrible incident that rapidly destroys large numbers of a species. Over two-thirds of the deaths of ocean creatures occurring on the hard sea floor were
in the waters with a depth of only 0-25 meters, which are subject to particularly intense warming and are home to some of the most biodiverse ecosystems in the Mediterranean.
Foundation species are critical in structuring an ecosystem. They act as nursery grounds, provide protection against enemies, and serve as a food source. Foundation species are the key to sustaining biodiversity, and their loss will have impacts on other species. As foundation species, the loss of corals, seagrass and seaweed is particularly concerning.
Additionally, ocean heatwaves often result in displacement(被迫迁徙). Evidence suggests that the exceptional temperatures seen across the Mediterranean this summer may be driving extensive mass displacement. In Greece, scientists have observed a huge increase of invasive(入侵的) species from warmer waters. This includes the lionfish and silver-cheeked toadfish, both of which are poisonous, and carry the potential to cause considerable ecological damage.
Within some branches of the scientific community, the recent intensity and frequency of ocean heatwaves suggests we have arrived at a “climate endgame”. This involves preparation for the full consequences of widespread ocean species death, if emissions are not controlled. The likely damaging Mediterranean ocean heatwaves of this year will only add fuel to such discussions.
8．What can we infer about the Mediterranean?
A．Its worsening ability to sustain life is still being ignored.
B．Its high temperatures are causing damage to human life.
C．Its ocean life is increasingly threatened by climate change.
D．Its surroundings are worsening much faster than expected.
9．Where do the deaths of ocean life tend to happen?
A．On the hard sea floor of broad waters.B．On the hard sea floor of deep waters. C．On the hard sea floor of shallow waters.D．On the hard sea floor of cold waters. 10．What do we know about the displacement of ocean life?
A．It is damaging the ocean ecosystem.B．It is responsible for global temperatures. C．It is easily influenced by climate change.D．It is a good way to maintain the ecology. 11．What is the text mainly about?
A．The causes of ocean heatwaves around the Mediterranean.
B．The main natural threats to ocean life in the Mediterranean.
C．The advice on dealing with Mediterranean ocean heatwaves.
D．The impacts of ocean heatwaves on life in the Mediterranean.
Artist David Bowie may have sung “Is there life on Mars?” in 1971 but the dream of finding or placing living creatures on the red planet is still alive. Oxygen, of course, is critical. Thanks to a large leap in scientific technology, there is now a machine which can produce oxygen in certain environment, and it is a giant step of Mars exploration. Scientists are thrilled because the Mars Oxygen ISRU Experiment (MOXIE) will hopefully make astronauts survive on Mars.
NASA’S Perseverance Mars Rover is a machine of many wonders. Attached to the exploring robot is a particularly innovative device, MOXIE. When started, the device takes several hours to warm up. It then begins filtering(过滤) and pressuring air pulled from Mars’ atmosphere. The air then undergoes an hour-long breakdown process in the part of the machine known as the Solid Oxide Electrolyzer (SOXE). It breaks air molecules(分子) into carbon monoxide(一氧化碳) and oxygen. The collected oxygen is, of course, the breathable element we are all familiar with here on Earth. MOXIE produces 0.2 ounces of oxygen per hour—about as much as a small tree does through photosynthesis(光合作用).
Testing MOXIE’S performance under different conditions is a critical research. “The productivity of MOXIE is unstable,” the investigator Jeffrey Hoffman, from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, says in a statement. “The atmosphere of Mars is far more changeable than Earth. The density of the air on Mars can vary by a factor or two through the year, and the temperature can vary by 100 degrees. One objective is to show we can run in all seasons.” The team has tested it in fall, winter, and various times of day. They hope to confirm it also works in spring, as well as at dawn and dusk when Mars’ temperatures change rapidly.
Demonstrations of MOXIE’S success offer hope that missions to Mars will be more practicable than previously thought. “To support a human mission to Mars, we have to bring a lot of stuff from Earth, like computers spacesuits and habitats.” Hoffman says. “But oxygen? If you can make it there, go for it you’re way ahead of the game.” Scientists hope a scaled-up model could arrive before astronauts and begin preparing a habitable amount of oxygen for a team of six astronauts arriving months later. The key is how the earlier-arrived MOXIE works without humans.
12．Why are scientists excited?
A．MOXIE helps prepare for human Mars exploration.
B．MOXIE helps confirm the existence of life on Mars.
C．MOXIE is expected to turn Mars into another Earth.
D．MOXIE is the first demonstration of technology on Mars.
13．What is the function of SOXE?
A．To give off oxygen into Mars’ atmosphere.B．To remove oxygen from air molecules. C．To filter air from Mars’ atmosphere.D．To warm up MOXIE.
14．What is Jeffrey Hoffman’s worry about MOXIE?
A．Its method of transportation.B．Its consumption of energy.
C．Its test result.D．Its adaptation to Mars’ atmosphere. 15．What is the next step for MOXIE?
A．How to land MOXIE on mars.B．How to make MOXIE automatic. C．How to match equipment with MOXIE.D．How to increase the production of MOXIE.
二、未知
Let’s take time to think about social media we use. The vast amount of information on it
considered carefully, such as posts about diet culture or parenting. A wide variety of conflicting opinions and harmful behaviors that get passed on as facts do harm to unknowing users. ____17____
The problem with much content about mental illnesses is that it quickly becomes a numbers game to gain a huge following on social media platforms. These kinds of accounts are rising in popularity. ____18____
This rat race directly leads to the promotion of unreliable and misleading information and content where creators exaggerate(夸大) their own experiences to make it appear as if they have a mental illness so they can receive more views. ____19____ Moreover, this starts a wave of unsuspecting content viewers incorrectly labeling themselves as facing mental health issues.
____20____ One is to better educate oneself before jumping to any conclusions or taking any action based on ill-informed advice. In that way, people can really reflect on
whether they develop these symptoms(症状) because they see them online, or whether these symptoms have always been part of their daily life. Information from professionals should be seen first. Together, smartly consuming media and responsibly creating content can prevent misinformation from spreading throughout the platform.
A．Many people disapprove of it.
B．Possible solutions are suggested.
C．Other users are quick to produce similar content.
D．The same pattern presents itself to mental illnesses.
E．Those symptoms sound like things you experience every day.
F．Some people can find encouragement when engaging in their personal struggles. G．This takes attention away from those who genuinely spread awareness about mental health.
When my son came home with a backpack filled with certificates(证书) acknowledging his genius in math, English, history, science, and the rest of his eighth grade classes, I was
________, until another parent, whose son attended the same school, told me, “All the kids ________ them.”
My son is bright. However, I knew he wasn’t good enough to ________ certificates from every class because he didn’t work very hard. I shared that ________ with the school, and they ________ of my comments. The principal believed it was ________ to praise every student. He said kids fear failure—if they get poor grades, they’ll ________ learning.
I do not agree with ________ students who have not worked hard or done something to succeed. Students generally know when they have not earned an award; ________, the reward becomes meaningless.
If we do not believe a child can ________ something, which is the message that is sent when a reward not truly ________ is given, then they will believe the same. ________, no pride or self- respect is gained from it. Meanwhile, when ________ are low, or even nonexistent, students are not given the opportunity to learn and grow.
Giving children opportunities to succeed, with ________ if necessary, is one of the greatest gifts we can give our children. For when they do succeed by working hard, we give them a ________ sense of self and they’ll realize they’re more capable than they thought. 21．A．proud B．curious C．confused D．skeptical
22．A．know B．like C．accept D．get 23．A．issue B．receive C．seek D．require 24．A．certificate B．lesson C．opinion D．finding 25．A．disapproved B．talked C．knew D．complained 26．A．harmful B．beneficial C．impossible D．difficult 27．A．end up B．keep up C．speed up D．give up 28．A．helping B．reminding C．rewarding D．punishing 29．A．therefore B．however C．instead D．otherwise 30．A．discover B．tolerate C．complete D．overcome 31．A．offered B．earned C．needed D．desired 32．A．On the contrary B．As a result C．By the way
D．In other words
33．A．risks B．pressures C．grades D．expectations 34．A．support B．belief C．sympathy D．interest 35．A．consistent B．negative C．positive D．realistic
三、用单词的适当形式完成短文
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Looking at the development of Western painting over the centuries ____36____(be) perhaps the best way to understand Western art.
The Middle Ages (from the 5th to the 15th century)
During the Middle Ages, the purpose of Western art was to teach people about Christianity. Paintings had religious ____37____(theme). This began to change in the 13th century, ____38____ paintings showed real people in a real environment.
The Renaissance (from the 14th to the 17th century)
During this period, painters began to adopt a more humanistic attitude to life.
____39____ important breakthrough was the use of perspective by Masaccio. Some
____40____(influence) painters built on Giotto and Masaccio’s innovations to produce some of the greatest art that Europe had ever seen. Another innovation was the use of oil paints. This technique reached ____41____(it) height with Rembrandt, who gained a reputation as a master of shadow and light. In subject matter, the emphasis ____42____(increasing) shifted
to people and the world around us.
Impressionism (late 19th to early 20th century)
After photography ____43____(invent) in the mid- 19 century, Impressionism emerged in France. The name of this new movement came from the painting by Claude Monet. While many Impressionists painted scenes of nature or daily life, others focused ____44____ people.
Modern Art (from the 20th century to today)
Some painters tried _____45_____(analyse) the shapes which existed in the natural world with Cubism. Others gave their paintings a realistic but dream-like quality. Still others turned to abstract art.
四、感谢信/祝贺信
46．假定你是李华，你得知交换生Kathy在省中学生书画大赛中荣获二等奖。

请你给她写一封邮件，祝贺她获奖，内容包括：
1. 得知她获奖的消息；
2. 向她表示祝贺；
3. 希望有机会可以和她一同写生。

注意：1. 写作词数应为80左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

Dear Kathy,
___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ______
Yours,
Li Hua 五、读后续写
47．阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。

I love digging in the back garden. Sometimes, I’d dig for pottery and stuff, but I’ve always wanted to find a fossil (化石). I like finding out about the past. At school, my favourite subject is history. I’ve been watching Andy’s Prehistoric Adventures since I was three. I knew I had a good chance of finding a fossil, because my house was built on a muddy, limestone substrate (石灰岩基质), in Walsall, which means millions of years ago, my garden wasn’t my garden at all—it was a coral reef (珊瑚礁).
On 22 March, it was a sunny day. I came back from school. I asked Dad if I could dig in my favourite spot by the yellow bush near our house, where we had planted potatoes and onions, but he told me not to, because he’d just moved a tree there and it was establishing roots. I went to the back garden instead, taking Dad’s old brown wooden garden tools. I dug a big hole, about a foot deep, which didn’t take very long, where I found a ball of mud with something pointy sticking out the top. I ran into the kitchen screaming. I was so excited. I knew it was a fossil.
At first, I thought it might be a deer’s tooth or a goat’s claw. When Dad washed the mud off, we saw that it had lots of bumpy, wavy lines; we both thought it looked like one of the sea anemones, from the fish tank in his office, but with a horn(触角). Dad sent a video to the Fossil Finds UK Facebook group. A man calling himself an archaeologist (考古学家) replied saying it had the markings of a horn coral from the Palaeozoic era, which is the very beginnings of life on Earth. I had found one of the oldest fossils in England.
We looked in my books and online for more information. We typed our postcode into a British Geology Survey search where you can find out what you’re standing on—ours is the oldest substrate in the area, with lots of clay and limestone, but it’s unusual to find anything so close to the surface. Experts told us that my horn coral lived between 415 million and 480 million years ago. There weren’t even proper fish or sharks then.
注意：
1. 续写词数应为150左右；
2. 请按如下格式作答。

Before the horn coral, the only fossils I was familiar with were shark teeth that Dad got me.
___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ______
When I grow up, I want to be an archaeologist (考古学家).
___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ______
试卷第11页，共11页。