智慧截流井在黑臭河道治理中的应用

94防洪排水城市道桥与防洪2019年11月第11期D01:10」6799/ki.csdqyfh.2019.11.027
智慧截流井在黑臭河道治理中的应用
程明涛，景帅，张万里
(无锡市政设计研究院有限公司，江苏无锡214072)
摘要：控源截污是城市黑臭水体整治的核心和前提。

对合流制排水进行截污纳管是黑臭水体治理中广泛采用的一种方法。

截流井是整个截留系统的核心构筑物，智慧截流井由于其特殊的水力学结构，在传统截流井的基础上实现了截流井截流量的恒定。

通过工程实例介绍了智慧截流井在污水截污纳管中独特的作用，同时它和一体化泵站的有机组合实现了截留的智能化、简单化，亦减轻了后续施工和维护的工作量。

关键词：黑臭河道；智慧截流井；控源截污；恒定截留量
中图分类号：TV85文献标志码：B文章编号:1009-7716(2019)11-0094-03
0引言
目前我国正在大力推进城市黑臭水体治理工作。

《城市黑臭水体整治工作指南》提出了“控源截污、内源治理；活水循环、清水补给；水质净化、生态修复”的基本技术路线，其中“控源截污”是黑臭水体治理的基础与前提。

源头控制是黑臭水体治理中最有效的工程措施，截污纳管设置的合理与否将直接关系到后续技术措施的选择与成效(7。

基于我国城市排水现状，合流制在一定时期内还会存在，在目前合流制和分流制并存的状态下，对合流制排水进行截污纳管是黑臭水体治理中广泛采用的一种方法。

截流井是整个截留系统的核心构筑物，目前存在的截流井根据其形式分为堰式截流井、槽式截流井、堰槽结合式截流井，但都存在一定缺陷，很难把截流量控制在恒定的数值，导致水厂进水水质偏低，影响到污水处理厂的正常运行及处理效果。

本文通过工程实例介绍了智慧截流井在污水截污纳管中独特的作用，其独特的构造实现了截流井截流量的恒定，也减轻了下游城市污水处理厂的冲击负荷。

1截流井的主要形式
截流井是截留系统中的关键构筑物，系统通过截留旱季污水和一部分初期雨水，同时把超岀截留量的合流污水排入水体。

截流井是截流干管上最重要的构筑物。

目前广泛应用的截流井根据结构形式主要有堰式截流井、槽式截流井、堰槽结合式截流井3】。

1.1堰式截流井
井内设有堰的截流井，堰有正堰、斜堰、曲线堰、侧堰之分。

堰式截流井构造如图1所示。

旱季污水或初期雨水被截流堰截流，通过侧边截流管进入污水系统。

截流堰高度根据截流量和下游河水标高综合确定。

堰式截流井能够有效防止河水倒灌，但是会影响行洪，因此适用于截流初期雨水量较小、排放口相对位置较低需要防止下游倒灌、下游河水位较高需要防倒灌、污水管道埋深较浅等情况。

图1堰式截流井
井
丄合流管I
溢流堰-
:溢流管)
)I
.•*•
•厶卜.••.•丁
收稿日期:2019-01-10
作者简介：程明涛(1987—),男.硕士，工程师,从事污水处理工艺及管网设计。

1.2槽式截流井
槽式截流井构造如图2所示。

截污管设计水面
2019年11月第11期城市道桥与防洪防洪排水95
或管顶低于合流管管底，污水或者初期雨水通过底部流槽进入截污管道。

因未设置截流堰,雨天时槽式截流井完全不影响行洪，但也不能防止河水倒灌。

因此槽式截流井适用于截流雨水、洪水流量较大、排放口相对位置较高而河水位较低等情况。

图2槽式截流井
1.3堰槽结合式截流井
井内同时设有堰槽的截流井，堰槽结合式截流井兼有槽式井和堰式井的优点，既考虑合流管道的行洪,又兼顾下游反倒灌。

堰槽结合式截流井常见形式有以下两种：普通堰槽式截流井和跳跃式截流井。

其中跳跃式截流井适用于下游河（海）水位较低的场合，而普通堰槽式截流井适合现状合流管道的截流改造（见图3）。

图3堰槽结合式截流井
2智慧截流井简介
按照截流管理原则.排放雨水、污水或雨污混合水时，截流井的截流水量应该是恒定的，与调蓄池、水流通道、附属设施、水处理设备中的拦蓄水位无关。

从以上三种主流截流井的描述中可以看出，普通截流井在截流过程中，截流量随着截流井内水位的升高而增加，变化趋势几乎呈线性增长叫容易对下游污水处理厂造成冲击，对污水厂的运行管理带来困难。

智慧截流井即是在截流井中用浮控调流阀来实现截流污水的功能，同时保持截流量恒定。

浮球控制调流阀依靠阀门上安装的浮球位置变化（浮球能够左右或前后摆动）来感知水位变化，由于阀体特殊的水力曲线切割形状，可以在不同水位条件下通过具有特殊水力曲线切割的阀体开启度变化得到一个恒定的设计流量，控制精度在3%~6%O 该阀门不依靠电力，自动运行、安全可靠。

进水流量不同时,智慧截流井也会有不同的工作模式。

当进水管道流量较小时，水位较低，水流从污水管道排出，限流阀处于开启状态（见图4）。

当进水流量较大时，水位升高，限流阀浮力作用逐渐上升，阀门自动管道到一定状态，少量污水从污水管道流出.随着水位继续上升，大量水流通过溢流堰从出水管道排出（见图5）。

图4小流畳状态时智慧截流井的运行工况
3工程应用
位于靖江市靖城街道某条河道长约400m,宽6m.周边住宅小区密集、人口众多。

河道附近部分住户为实施雨污分流，调查发现，老横港沿途有排污口20多个，部分居民未经处理的生活污水直接排入河道,造成河道水质常年处于富营养状态，河水发黑.有臭味.河道淤积严重,淤积最深处达2.2m,严重影响了周边居民的生活。

经过多年发展，河道起端已经严重淤塞，且有一根DN1500的合流管道，周边居民生活污水未经处理直排河道.造成严重污染。

为响应相关政策要求，当地有关部门启动了黑臭河道整治计划。

作为治理计划中的第一步,控源截污被提上了日程。

96防洪排水城市道桥与防洪2019年11月第11期
图5大流量状态时智慧截流井的运行工况
和大部分老城区合流制排水改造一样，该区域改造面临着诸如土地开发强度大、地表硬化率高、建筑密度较大、周边环境复杂、改造施工难度大、邻近污水主干管与合流管标高不协调、截留污水无法自流接入等一系列问题。

因此该工程因地制宜、另辟蹊径，直接在合流制管道出水口截污，采用智慧截流井+—体化泵站模式(见图6)。

在合流起端采用浮控阀控制截流量，然后通过一体化泵站将污水提升至周边污水干管。

整个工程将截流井与一体化泵站合建，浮控阀控制污水管道进水量，一体化泵站沉井中预留溢流雨水通道，末端安装拍门，防止河水倒灌。

整个工程将智慧截流井、一体化泵站、出水拍门有机结合在一起，结构紧凑，通过沉井一体成型，减少了占地，整体尺寸仅为5.0mx3.0m,也加快了施工进度，整个施工过程仅用时一个半月。

为整条河流的控源截污起到了良好的示范作用，为该河流黑臭水体治理的下一步工作奠定了良好的基础。

同时由于智慧截流井独特的结构形式，使得雨季时通过截流井进入污水截流干管的雨水量也能保持恒定，避免了冲击负荷，保证了下游污水泵站和污水处理厂的正常运行。

｛泵站出水管
图6智慧截流井和一体化泵站的组合
4结语
黑臭水体的治理是一项长期而艰巨的任务。

在源头上对污染进行有效控制，对黑臭水体进行外部污染源拦截，是治理黑臭水体中的基础工作。

智慧截流井充分利用了原有合流管，避免了大量复杂、艰难的政策处理工作，既减少了在城市道路上敷设污水管对道路交通及周围居民生活的影响，同时保持了截流量的恒定，为下游城市污水处理厂的稳定运行创造了良好条件，又节约了大量投资，解决了黑臭水体治理工作的第一步。

通过和一体化泵站组合系统的有机结合，使控源截污工作因地制宜，为黑臭水体的治理奠定了坚实的基础。

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