剑桥雅思真题小作文题目分类总结(4-8)
剑4-剑8话题整理
剑桥4-剑桥8写作分话题类型整理整理者：贡琪Education剑4，Test4In many schools have severe problems with student behavior. What do you think are the causes of this? What solutions can you suggest?剑4，Test 3Creative artists should always be given the freedom to express their own ideas(in words, pictures, music or fun) in whichever way they wish. There should be no government restrictions on what they do. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this opinion?剑5，Test 1Universities should accept equal numbers of male and female students in every subject. To what extent do you agree or disagree?Government剑5 , Test 2In some countries young people are encouraged to work or travel for a year between finishing high school and starting university studies.Discuss the advantages and disadvantages far young people who decide to do this.剑5 , Test 3Some people think that a sense of competition in children should be encouraged. Others believe that children who are taught to co-operate rather than compete become more useful adults. Discuss both these views and give your own opinion.剑7，Test1It is generally believed that some people are born with certain talents, for instance for sport or music, and others are not. However, it is sometimes claimed that any child can be taught to become a good sports person or musician.Discuss both these views and give your own opinion.剑7，Test4Some people think that universities should provide graduates with the knowledge and skills needed in the workplace. Others think that the true function of a university should be to give access to knowledge for its own sake, regardless of whether the course is useful to and employer.What, in your opinion, should be the main function of a university?Some people think that parents should teach children how to be good members of society. Others, however, believe that school is the place to learn this. Discuss both these views and give your own opinion.Society剑6 , Test 2Successful sports professionals can earn a great deal more money than people in other important professions. Some people think this is fully justified while others think it is unfair.Discuss both these views and give your own view,剑8, Test4In some countries the average weight of people is increasing and their levels of health and fitness are decreasing. What do you think are the causes of these problems and what measures could be taken to solve them?Culture剑6 , Test 3Some people believe that visitors to other countries should follow local customs and behavior. Others disagree and think that the host country should welcome cultural differences.Discuss both these views and give your own opinion.Technology and the Media剑4，Test1Compare the advantages and disadvantages of three of the following as media for communicating information. State which you consider to be the most effective. comicsbooksradiotelevisionfilmtheatre剑6 , Test 1Today, the high sales of popular consumer goods reflect the power of advertising and not the real needs of the society in which they are sold. To what extent do you agree or disagree?Nowadays the way many people interact with each other has changed because of technology. In what ways has technology affected the types of relationships people make? Has this become a positive or negative development?Crime剑7，Test2Some people believe that there should be fixed punishments for each type of crime. Others, however, argue that the circumstances of an individual crime, and the motivation for committing it, should be taken into account when deciding the punishment.Discuss both views and give your own opinion.Environmental Problems剑8, Test3Increasing the price of petrol is the best way to solve growing traffic and pollution problems. To what extent do you agree or disagree? What other measures do you think might be effective?Life剑4，Test2Happiness is considered very important in life. Why is it difficult to define? What factors are important in achieving happiness?剑5 , Test 4Research indicates that the characteristics we are born with have much influence on our personality and development than any experiences we may have in our life. Which do you consider to be the major influence?剑6 , Test 4Some people prefer to spend their lives doing the same things and avoiding change. Others, however, think that change is always a good thing.Discuss both these views and give your own opinion.剑7, Test 3As most people spend a major part of their adult life at work, job satisfaction is an important element of individual wellbeing.What factors contribute to job satisfaction?How realistic is the expectation of job satisfaction for all workers?。
雅思写作-小作文
翻译练习
根据数据，水消耗量在1991年至2001年从1吨急 剧上升至100吨，然后接下来的10年内逐渐下降 至80吨。
2. The number/rate…dropped/went up again
from…in XXX year to…in XXX year and then went up/climbed gradually until XXX
的时候，允许合理的目测或者估计一个大概的 数值
图表题的3个核心要求
详尽性 有头有尾，在主体段里能把关键数据介绍清楚
再适当做些比较 绝不是说把所有数字全部堆到文章里
决定成败的准备工作
1. 是否能仔细审题 2. 是否会确定主体段应该写几段 3. 是否能快速确定每部分的结构
决定成败的准备工作
种或以上同类型的事物时，那么在开头段转述 这个图的信息时就可以用compare代替show
开头段的写法
规律2： 原题里的below一词在转述中必须删掉 （因为当你写作文时，是在画有横线的答题纸 上写的，图形不在答题纸上，也就谈不上below 或者above的问题了）
Paraphrase
1. 同义词替换 2. 抽象化或者具体化 3. 句型的结构性改变
结尾段的写法
3. 一定要保证客观 对于含有多个图的题，最好能在图之间适当解
释一下联系，但是如果实在看不出任何联系， 那么就把各图再分别简单概括一下也是剑桥官 方范文里常用的结论方式
高分词汇
Soar (soared) skyrocket 激增 Plummet (plummeted) 暴跌 Plateau (plateaued) （上升后）达到稳定水平 Reach a plateau
饼图的常用词汇
◎占
2024年雅思作文题目汇总
2024年雅思作文题目汇总In 2024, the IELTS essay topics are expected to cover a wide range of issues that are relevant to global society. Some of the potential essay topics that candidates may encounter include:1. The impact of technology on society2. Environmental sustainability and climate change3. Globalization and its effects on culture and identity4. Education and its role in personal and societal development5. Health and well-being in the modern world6. The role of government in addressing social and economic challenges7. The importance of art and creativity in contemporary society8. The influence of social media on communication and relationships9. The significance of travel and tourism in the 21st century10. The ethical implications of scientific and technological advancementsThese topics are likely to elicit a variety of responses from candidates, as they touch on issues that are both complex and deeply personal. For example, the impact of technology on society is a topic that has generated significant debate in recent years. On one hand, technology has brought about incredible advancements in communication, healthcare, and productivity. On the other hand, it has also raised concerns about privacy, social isolation, and job displacement.Similarly, environmental sustainability and climate change are pressing issues that require urgent attention. Candidates may be asked to consider the role of individuals, businesses, and governments in addressing these challenges, as well as the potential consequences of inaction. This topic may evoke strong emotions, as many people feel a deep sense of responsibility for the well-being of the planet and future generations.Globalization is another topic that is likely to spark lively discussions. Candidates may be prompted to explore the ways in which globalization has reshapedcultural norms, economic systems, and personal identities. They may also be asked to consider the benefits and drawbacks of living in an increasingly interconnected world.In addressing these topics, candidates should strive to present a well-rounded perspective that acknowledges the complexity of the issues at hand. They should consider the viewpoints of different stakeholders, weigh the potential trade-offs of various courses of action, and reflect on their own values and experiences. By doing so, candidates can demonstrate their critical thinking skills, their ability to empathize with others, and their capacity to engage with complex global issues in a thoughtful and constructive manner.In conclusion, the IELTS essay topics for 2024 are likely to encompass a wide range of issues that are relevant to contemporary society. Candidates should be prepared to address these topics with depth, nuance, and empathy, drawing on their own experiences and insights to craft well-reasoned and engaging responses. By doing so, they can demonstrate their readiness to engage with the complex challenges and opportunities of the 21st century.。
剑桥雅思大小作文题目4-10
剑桥雅思作文真题集小作文 1～10大作文 4～10ContentCambridge I ELTS 1-‐Test 1 2Cambridge I ELTS 1-‐Test 2 (3)Cambridge I ELTS 1-‐TEST 3: (4)Cambridge I ELTS 1-‐TEST 4: (5)Cambridge I ELTS 2-‐TEST 1: (6)Cambridge I ELTS 2-‐TEST 2: (7)Cambridge I ELTS 2-‐TEST 3: (8)Cambridge I ELTS 2-‐TEST 4: (9)Cambridge I ELTS 3-‐TEST 1: (10)Cambridge I ELTS 3-‐TEST 2: (11)Cambridge I ELTS 3-‐TEST 3: (12)Cambridge I ELTS 3-‐TEST 4: (13)Cambridge I ELTS 4-‐TEST 1: (14)Cambridge I ELTS 4-‐TEST 2: (15)Cambridge I ELTS 4-‐TEST 3: (16)Cambridge I ELTS 4-‐TEST 4: (17)Cambridge I ELTS 5-‐TEST 1: (18)Cambridge I ELTS 5-‐TEST 2: (19)Cambridge I ELTS 5-‐TEST 3: (20)Cambridge I ELTS 5-‐TEST 4: (21)Cambridge I ELTS 6-‐TEST 1: (22)Cambridge I ELTS 6-‐TEST 2: (23)Cambridge I ELTS 6-‐TEST 3: (24)Cambridge I ELTS 6-‐TEST 4: (25)Cambridge I ELTS 7-‐TEST 1: (26)Cambridge I ELTS 7-‐TEST 2: (27)Cambridge I ELTS 7-‐TEST 3: (28)Cambridge I ELTS 7-‐TEST 4: (29)Cambridge I ELTS 8-‐TEST 1: (30)Cambridge I ELTS 8-‐TEST 2: (31)Cambridge I ELTS 8-‐TEST 3: (32)Cambridge I ELTS 8-‐TEST 4: (33)Cambridge I ELTS 9-‐TEST 1: (34)Cambridge I ELTS 9-‐TEST 2: (35)Cambridge I ELTS 9-‐TEST 3: (36)Cambridge I ELTS 9-‐TEST 4: (37)You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.The charts below show the results of a survey of adult education. The first chart shows the reasons why adults decide to study. The pie chart shows how people think the costs of adult education should be shared.Write a report for a university lecturer, describing the information shown below. You should write at least 150 words.You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.The diagram below shows how the Australian Bureau of Meteorology collectsup-to-the-minute information on the weather in order to produce reliable forecasts. Write a report for a university lecturer describing the information shown below. You should write at least 150 words.You should spend about 20 minutes on this taskThe chart below shows the amount of money per week spent on fast foods in Britain. The graph shows the trends in consumption of fast foods.Write a report for a university lecturer describing the information shown below. You should write at least 150 words.You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.Chorleywood is a village near London whose population has increased steadily since the middle of the nineteenth century. The map below shows the development of the village.Write a report for a university lecturer describing the development of the village. You should write at least 150 words.You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.The table below shows the consumer durables (telephone, refrigerator, etc.) owned in Britain from 1972 to 1983.Write a report for a university lecturer describing the information shown below. You should write at least 150 words.You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.The chart below shows the amount of leisure time enjoyed by men and women of different employment status.Write a report for a university lecturer describing the information shown below. You should write at least 150 words.You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.The first chart below shows the results of a survey which sampled a cross-section of 10000 people asking if they travelled abroad and why they travelled for the period 1994-1998. The second chart shows their destinations over the same period.Write a report for a university lecturer describing the information shown below. You should write at least 150 words.You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.The table below shows the figures for imprisonment in five countries between 1930 and 1980.Write a report for a university lecturer describing the information shown below. You should write at least 150 words.You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.The charts below show the number of Japanese tourists travelling abroad between 1985 and 1995 and Australia’s share of the Japanese tourist market.Write a report for a university lecturer describing the information shown below. You should write at least 150 words.You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.The chart below shows the amount spent on six consumer gods in four European countries.Write a report for a university lecturer describing the information shown below. You should write at least 150 words.You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.The charts below show the levels of participation in education and science in developing and industrialized countries in 1980 and 1990.Write a report for a university lecturer describing the information shown below. You should write at least 150 words.You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.The graph below shows the unemployment rates in the US and Japan between March 1993 and March 1999.Write a report for a university lecturer describing the information shown below. You should write at least 150 words.TASK 1You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.The table below shows the proportion of different categories of families living in poverty in Australia in 1999.Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.Write a report for a university lecturer describing the information shown below. You should write at least 150 words.TEST 1TASK 2Compare the advantages and disadvantages of three of the following as media for communicating information. State which you consider to be is the most effective. Comics, books, radio, television, film, theatreYou should spend about 20 minutes on this task.The graph blew shows the demand electricity in Engliand during typical days in winter and summer. The pie chart shows how electricity is used in an average English home.Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features and make comparisons where relevant.Write a report for a university lecturer describing the information shown below. You should write at least 150 words.TEST 2TASK 2Happiness is considered very important in life.Why is it difficult to define?What factors are important in achieving happiness?You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.The chart below shows the different levels of post-school qualifications in Australia and the proportion of men and women who held them in 1999.Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.Write a report for a university lecturer describing the information shown below. You should write at least 150 words.TEST 3TASK 2Creative artists should always be given the freedom to express their own ideas (in words, pictures, music or film) in whichever way they wish. There should be no government restrictions on what they do.To what extent do you agree or disagree with this opinion?You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.The charts below give information about travel to and from the UK, and about the most popular countries from UK residents to visit.Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features and make comparisons where relevant.Write a report for a university lecturer describing the information shown below. You should write at least 150 words.TEST 4In many countries schools have severe problems with student behavior.What do you think are the causes of this?What solutions can you suggest?You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.The graph blew shows the proportion of the population aged 65 and over between 1940 and 2040 in three different countries.Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.Write a report for a university lecturer describing the information shown below. You should write at least 150 words.TEST 1Universities should accept equal numbers of male and female students in every subject.To what extent do you agree or disagree?You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.The charts below show the main reasons for study among students of different age groups and amount of support they received from employers.Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.Write a report for a university lecturer describing the information shown below. You should write at least 150 words.TEST 2In some countries young people are encouraged to work or travel for a year between finishing high school and starting university studies.Discuss the advantages and disadvantages for young people who decide to do this.You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.The map below is of the town of Garlsdon. A new supermarket(s) is planned for the town. The map shows two possible sites for the supermarket.Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.Write a report for a university lecturer describing the information shown below. You should write at least 150 words.TEST 3Some people think that a sense of competition in children should be encouraged. Others believe that children who are taught to co-operate rather than compete become more useful adults.Discuss both these views and give your own opinion.You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.The table below gives information about the underground railway systems in six cities.Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.Write a report for a university lecturer describing the information shown below. You should write at least 150 words.TEST 4Research indicates that the characteristics we are born with have much more influence on our personality and development than any experiences we may have in our life.Which do you consider to be the major influence?You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.The graph and table below give information about water use worldwild and water consumption in two different countries.Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.Write a report for a university lecturer describing the information shown below. You should write at least 150 words.TEST 1Today, the high sales of popular consumer goods reflect the power of advertising and not the real needs of society in which they are sold.To what extent do you agree or disagree?You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.The table below gives information about changes in modes of travel in England between 1985 and 2000.Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.Write a report for a university lecturer describing the information shown below. You should write at least 150 words.TEST 2Successful sports professionals can earn a great deal more money than people in other important professions.Some people think this is fully justified while others think it is unfair.Discuss both these views and give your own opinion.You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.The diagrams below show the life cycle of the silkworm and the stages in the production of silk cloth.Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.Write a report for a university lecturer describing the information shown below. You should write at least 150 words.TEST 3Some people believe that visitors to other countries should follow local customs and behaviors. Others disagree and think that the host country should welcome cultural differences.Discuss both these views and give your own opinion.You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.The charts below give information about USA marriage and divorce rates between 1970 and 2000, and the marital status of adult America in two of the years. Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.Write a report for a university lecturer describing the information shown below. You should write at least 150 words.TEST 4Some people prefer to spend their lives doing the same things and avoiding change. Others, however, think that change is always a good thing.Discuss both these views and give your own opinion.You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.The table below gives information on consumer spending on different items in five different countries in 2002.Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.Write a report for a university lecturer describing the information shown below. You should write at least 150 words.TEST 1It is generally believed that some people are born with certain talents, for instance for sport or music, and others are not. However, it is sometimes claimed that any child can be taught to become a good sports person or musician.Discuss both these views and give your own opinion.You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.The graph below shows the consumption of fish and some different kinds of meat in European country between 1979 and 2004.Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.Write a report for a university lecturer describing the information shown below. You should write at least 150 words.TEST 2Some people believe that there should be fixed punishments for each type of crime. Others, however, argue that the circumstances of an individual crime, and the motivation for committing it, should always be taken into account when deciding on the punishment.Discuss both these views and give your own opinionYou should spend about 20 minutes on this task.The chart below shows information about changes in average house prices in five different cities between 1990 and 2002 compared with average house prices in 1989.Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.Write a report for a university lecturer describing the information shown below. You should write at least 150 words.TEST 3As most people spend a major part of their adult life at work, job satisfaction is an important element of individual well-being.What factors contribute to job satisfaction? How realistic is the expectation of job satisfaction for all workers?You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.The pie charts below show units of electricity production by fuel source in Australia and France in 1980 and 2000.Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.Write a report for a university lecturer describing the information shown below. You should write at least 150 words.TEST 4Some people think that universities should provide graduates with the knowledge and skills needed in the workplace. Others think that the true function of a university should be to give access to knowledge for its own sake, regardless of whether the course is useful to an employer. What, in your opinion, should be the main function of a university?You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.The pie chart below shows the main reasons why agricultural land becomes less productive. The table shows how these causes affected three regions of the world during the 1990s.Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevantWrite a report for a university lecturer describing the information shown below. You should write at least 150 words.TEST 1Some people think that parents should teach children how to be good members of society. Others, however, believe that school is the place to learn this.Discuss both these views and give your own opinion.You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.The three pie charts below show the changes in annual spending by a particular UK school in 1981,1991,and 2001.Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.Write a report for a university lecturer describing the information shown below. You should write at least 150 words.TEST 2Nowadays the way many people interact with each other has changed because of technology.In what ways has technology affected the types of relationships people make? Has this become a positive or negative development?You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.The diagrams below show the stages and equipment used in the cement-making process, and how cement is used to produce concrete for building purpose. Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.Write a report for a university lecturer describing the information shown below. You should write at least 150 words.TEST 3Increasing the price of petrol is the best way to solve growing traffic and pollution problems.To what extent do you agree or disagree?What other measures do you think might be effective?You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.The graph below shows the quantities of goods transport in the UK between 1974 and 2002 by four different modes of transport.Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features and make comparisons where relevant.Write a report for a university lecturer describing the information shown below. You should write at least 150 words.TEST 4In some countries the average weight of people is increasing and their levels of health and fitness are decreasing.What do you think are the causes of these problems and what measures could be taken to solve them?Cambridge IELTS 9-TEST 1:You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.TEST 1Some experts believe that it is better for children to begin learning a foreign language at primary school rather than secondary school.Do the advantages of this outweigh the disadvantages?Cambridge IELTS 9-TEST 2:You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.TEST 2Some people believe that unpaid community service should be a compulsory part of high school programmes (for example working for a charity, improving the neighborhood or teaching sports to younger children )To what extent do you agree or disagree?You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.The charts below give information on the ages of the populations of Yemen and Italy in 2000 and projections for 2050.Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.Write a report for a university lecturer describing the information shown below. You should write at least 150 words.`TEST 3Some people say that the best way to improve public health is by increasing the number of sports facilities. Others, however, say that this would have little effects on public health and that other measures are required.Discuss both views and give your own opinion.You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.The graph below gives information from a 2008 report about consumption ofenergy in the USA since 1980 with projections until 2030.Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.Write a report for a university lecturer describing the information shown below.You should write at least 150 words.TEST 4Every year several languages die out. Some people think that this is not important because life will be easier if there are fewer languages in the world.To what extent do you agree or disagree with this opinion?剑桥10Test 1WRITING TASK 1You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.The first chart below shows how energy is used in an average Australian household. The second chart show the greenhouse gas emissions which result from this energy use.Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.Write at least 150 words.WRITING TASK 2You should spend about 40 minutes on this task.Present a written argument or case to an educated reader with no specialist knowledge of the following topicIt is important for children to learn the difference between right and wrong at an early age. Punishment is necessary to help them learn this distinction.To what extent do you agree or disagree with this opinion?What sort of punishment should parents and teachers be allowed to use to teach good behavior to children?Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own knowledge or experience.Write at least 250 words.Test 2WRITING TASK 1You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.Write at least 150 words.Sales of Fairtrade-labelled coffee and bananas (1999 & 2004)Coffee1999(millions of euros)2004(millions of euros)UK 1.5 20 Switzerland 3 6 Denmark 1.8 2 Belgium 1 1.7 Sweden 0.8 1Bananas1999(millions of euros)2004(millions of euros)Switzerland 15 47UK 1 5.5Belgium 0.6 4Sweden 1.8 1Denmark 2 0.9*Fairtrade: a category of products for which farmers from developing countries have been paid an officially agreed fair price.Writing WRITING TASK 2You should spend about 40 minutes on this task.Write about the following topic:Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own knowledge or experience.Write at least 250 words.5,00010,000 15,000 20,000 25,000 30,000 35,000 1,000 1,500 2,000 2,500 3,000 N u m b e r o f g r a d u a t e s t u d e n t sN u m b e r o f p o s t g r a d u a t e s t u d e n t sWriting WRITING TASK 2You should spend about 40 minutes on this task.Write about the following topic:Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own knowledge or experience.Write at least 250 words.Test 4WRITING TASK 1You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.Write at least 150 words.Writing WRITING TASK 2You should spend about 40 minutes on this task.Write about the following topic:Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own knowledge or experience.Write at least 250 words.剑桥11Task1 小作文The charts below show the percentage of water used for different purposes in six areas of the world.Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.。
剑桥雅思4-8册阅读真题分析汇总
1-5段落信息配对
14-18 List of Headings
28-32 Y/N/NG
28.N；29.Y；30.Y；31.NG；32.Y
6-9 Y/N/NG
6.Y
7.NG最高级
8.NG
9.N
19-24 Y/N/NG
19.N
20.NG比较
21.N；22.Y；23.NG；24.Y
家喻户晓
gram试验
2.试验方案
3.试验过程及目的
4.精神科医生对试验结果的预测
5.结果与预测的差异
6.对差异的解释
7.另一种解释
8.相关结论
环境论者认为目前世界所面临的问题
1-3多选
14-19段落从属配对
27-32 Y/N/NG
27.Y；28. NG；29. F与原文相反
30. NG；31. Y；32. N
2)擦鞋合作社
3)青年创业计划
4.经验教训
5.结论
1-4单选
14-17 List of Headings
27-31 List of Headings
5-8填表
18-21简答
32-36填表
9-12 Y/N/NG
9.N绝对化any
10.NG未提及
11. N绝对化only one
12. Y
22-26Summary（无词库）
40选结论
剑4 TEST 2
P1
P2
P3
语言的消失
澳大利亚的替代疗法
玩耍是件严肃的事
1.通过例子指明少数民族语言的危机
2.少数民族语言正面临灭顶之灾
3.语言灭绝的关键是使用者的年龄
4.信任危机导致语言灭绝
剑桥雅思八——四套题写作答案
目录剑桥雅思8作文范文Test1Task1 (2)剑桥雅思8作文范文Test1Task2 (4)剑桥雅思8作文范文Test2Task1 (8)剑桥雅思8作文范文Test2Task2 (10)剑桥雅思8作文范文Test3Task1 (14)剑桥雅思8作文范文Test3Task2 (16)剑桥雅思8作文范文Test4Task1 (20)剑桥雅思8作文范文Test4Task2 (21)剑桥雅思8作文范文Test1Task1题目分析,包括回答中需要涉及的要点、对比以及考生可能对题目产生的错误理解。
要点1. 这个饼形图表现了导致土地退化的三个主要原因。
2. 表格中列举的三个地区土地退化的原因各有不同考生可能产生的错误理解和问题1. 第二个表格中列举的数字是某种原因导致的退化的土地在所有退化土地中所占的比例,而不是在所有土地(包括退化的土地和建议的写作结构,对比此结构与考生有可能采用的不恰当结构。
介绍部分应该把题目用自己的话重写一遍。
最好用一段描述饼形图,另起一段描述图表。
可以直接引用图表中的数据(切记这些数据是退化土地面积的比例),或者指出相对的比例(见参考范文)。
最后应该有一个简短的结论。
参考范文：The pie chart and table show how land around the world was degraded during the 1990s –the former on a worldwide scale and the latter in three different regions.Worldwide, over-grazing was the biggest cause of land degradation (35%), with deforestation causing 30% and over-cultivation causing slightly less (28%). Other factors caused 7% of land degradation.The table shows that, during the 1990s, 23% of the land in Europe was degraded, more than in Oceania (13%) and far more than in North America (5%). In Oceania, over-grazing was primarily responsible for land degradation, with deforestation accounting for far less and none caused through over-cultivation. In North America, over-cultivation was the main reason, with about a third of land degradation being caused by over-grazing and very little being caused by deforestation. In Europe, deforestation was responsible for about 40% of the land degradation, over-cultivation about 30% and over-grazing about 20%.To summarise, land degradation was due to three main factors and these factors differed in proportion in different regions.(168 words)饼形图和图表反映了20 世纪90 年代全世界土地的退化情况——前者是针对世界范围, 后者是针对三个不同的区域。
雅思阅读真题剑桥系列4-8词汇
DAY 1education 教育aspect 方面community 社区、社会reflect 反映、表现attitude 态度、看法unspoken 未说出口的、没人理睬的belief 信仰、信念custom 风俗curriculum 课程assessment 评价、评估expectation 期待、期望behave 做出行为-动词behavior 行为rule 准则、规章cover 覆盖、包含duty 职责、义务conduct 行为、操行virtuous 有道德的proper 适当的、有礼貌的manner 礼貌marry 结婚company 陪伴permit 允许、许可dye 染loiter 闲逛、虚度function 功能、典礼church 教堂regularly 有规律地、有规则地alcohol 酒精、酒Bible《圣经》country school 乡村学校coal 煤bucket 桶sweep 打扫、清扫tidy 整齐的、整洁的despite 虽然、尽管stipulate 规定、保证content 内容arithmetic 算术Christianity 基督教literacy 有文化、有读写能力religious 宗教上的corporal 身体的、肉体的（同义词：physical）stick 棍子strap 皮带naughty 调皮的、顽皮的unruly 不守规矩的、不受约束的schooling 学校教育engage 从事caretaking 关心、照料DAY 2nevertheless 然而、不过creatively 具有创造性地stimulate 刺激、激励strict 严格的、严谨的protocol草案、协议illegal 非法的、违法的hit 打、打击dismiss 开除、解雇instantly 马上、立刻（同义词：quickly, rapidly, immediately）secular 现世的、非宗教的acceptable 可以接受的、合意的appropriate 适当的sophistication 混合、混乱workplace 工作场所、车间career 职业expand 膨胀、发展challenge 挑战diverse 不同的researcher 研究者cleaner 清洁员societal 社会的fill 填充、填补smack 用掌拍打/击打silence 静、安静method 方法influence 影响discipline 学科、纪律participate 参加、参与achievement 成就similar 相似的lifestyle 生活方式ownership 所有权、拥有权diverse 不同的（同义词：different, various, a variety of, varied, a range of）pupil 小学生consider 考虑length 长度topic 主题inflexible 不灵活的、不能融通的arrangement 安排loose 宽松的、自由的cactus 仙人掌relate 有联系、有关系dry 干燥的（反义词：humid 湿润的、wet 潮湿的）sandy 沙的、沙质的rocky 多岩石的desert 沙漠distance 距离tall 高的（反义词：short矮的）across 横向的traditional 传统的（同义词：conventional, conservative, orthodox）DAY 3hunter 猎人harsh 荒无人烟的material 材料、原料、物资possessions 财产（动词形式：possess 拥有、占有、持有）unemployment 失业poverty 贫穷、贫困alcoholism 酗酒tribe 部落、部族disappear 消失、不见lifestyle 生活方式attractive 具有吸引力的outsider 外界的人crop 农作物、庄稼originate 起源、来自（衍生词：origin 起因、原有、起源-名词，original 最初的、原始的、独创的-形容词）staple 主要的garlic 大蒜ginger 生姜headache 头痛toothache 牙痛magnolia 玉兰类植物cancer 癌症cure 治愈disease 疾病hunger 饥饿、渴望famine 饥荒starving 饥饿（但形容饥饿的程度比较深，都快要饿死了）survive 生存、存活strength 力量、力气energy 能量、活力normal 正常的、常态的chemical 化学的；化学制品、化学药品scientist 科学家（衍生词：science 科学）discover 发现、发觉（衍生词：discovery 发现）contain 包含、包括（同义词：involve, include, consist of）substance 物质stomach 胃、胃部brain 大脑heart 心脏lung 肺部kidney 肾full 满的（反义词：empty 空的）pharmaceutical 制药的promising 有希望的、有前途的obesity 肥胖adult 成年人estimate 估计、评估overweight 超重的obese 肥胖的simple 简单的、朴素的nourishing 有营养的DAY 4afford 负担、承担expensive 昂贵的fatty 富含脂肪的slim 苗条的、纤细的healthy 健康的descendant 子孙、后代ready-made 现成的、做好的convenient 便利的、便捷的taste 味道fat 脂肪；肥的、胖的salt 盐solution 解决办法、解决方案ideal 理想的right 权利；正确的secret 秘密；秘密的profit 利润herd 放牧cow 奶牛diet 食物majority 主要、多数（反义词：minority 少数）scarce 匮乏的、稀缺的sort 种类、类别compare 比较desire 渴望overcome 克服、解决ancient 古代的、远古的major 主要的issue 问题appear 出现、看来financial 财政的、金融的spread 传播、蔓延、伸展supply 供给、供应addiction 沉溺、上瘾widespread 分布广泛的、普遍的cruel 残忍的、残酷的unkind 不仁慈的、无情的alive 活着的prickly 多刺的solid 固体powder 粉末maintain 维持、继续drought 干旱tongue 舌头、说话方式well-known 众所周知的、有名的advertisement 广告（衍生词：advertise 做广告、登广告-动词；advertiser登广告者、广告客户-名词；advertising 广告业、广告-动名词）main 主要的、重要的aim 目的、目标honest （反义词：dishonest 不忠实的、不诚实的-形容词） rarely 很少地、罕见地（衍生词：rare 稀罕的、杰出的）puffery 鼓吹、吹捧worldwide 全世界的DAY 5statement （衍生词：state ）term 学期、条款、术语develop 发展exaggerate 夸张、夸大claim 声称、主张legal 合法的（反义词：illegal 违法的、非法的-形容词）prove 证明、证实licence 执照、许可证lie 说谎vague 含糊的、暧昧的class 把ÿ分类、把ÿ分等级option 选择（衍生词：choice）expression 表达salesperson 售货员、销售员（同义词：seller）evaluation 评价、估计（衍生词：evaluate 评价、评估-动词）product 产品、产物（衍生词：produce 产物、农产品，生产、制造-名词、动词，production生产、产品）objective 客观的subjective主观的identify 识别、鉴别（衍生词：identity 身份、特性-名词，identification 辨认、鉴定，identifiable可以识别的、可以鉴别的-形容词，identifiably 可以识别地、可以鉴别地-副词）document 文件、文档（衍生词：documentary 文件的，纪录片-形容词，名词）notion 观念、想法（衍生词：note 注意、记录-名词）caveat 警告、告诫transaction 交易（衍生词：transact 交易、处理-动词）initially 最初、开头（衍生词：initial 最初的、初始的）property 财产、特征deal 交易、生意（衍生词：dealer 生意人）Latin 拉丁语、拉丁语的basically 基本上、主要地（衍生词：basic 基本的-形容词，basis 基础、基本-名词）mean 意思是、意谓responsibility 责任、职责（衍生词：response 响应、反应-名词，respond回答、响应-动词，responsible 有责任的、负责的-形容词）check 检查、核对payment 报酬、支付（衍生词：pay 支付、给予-名词，payable 可支付的-形容词）defect 过失、缺点（衍生词：defective 有缺陷的）deliberately 蓄意地、故意地（衍生词：deliberate 深思熟虑的、故意的）conceal 隐藏、隐蔽（衍生词：concealment 隐藏、隐蔽-名词）policy 政策、方针proof 证据、校对affect 影响competitor 竞争对手、竞争者（衍生词：compete 竞争、比赛-动词，competition 竞争、比赛-名词）statistics 统计学（衍生词：statistic, statistical 统计的、统计学的-形容词）run 运转、运行（同义词：manage, operate）investigate 调查、研究（衍生词：investigation 调查、研究-名词，investigator 调查人-名词）insurance 保险finance 金融、财政（衍生词：financial 财政的、金融的）service 服务therefore 因此、所以（衍生词：so, thus）careful 小心的、仔细的（衍生词：care 关心、顾虑-动词）factual 事实的、实际的（衍生词：fact 事实、实情-名词）assertion 主张、断言（衍生词：assert 声称、断言-动词）regarding 关于DAY 6quality 品质、质量goods 货物、物品oversee 监视、检查validity 有效性council 理事会、委员会authority 权威、权利overstep 踏过、越过limit 极限、限度raise 提出generate 产生（衍生词：generation 产生、一代-名词）strategy 战略、策略（衍生词：strategic, strategically 战略的、策略的-形容词）superlative 最高的various 不容的、多种多样的（衍生词：variety 品种、种类，vary 改变、变更-动词）specific 具体的（衍生词：specifically 具体地、明确地-副词，specification 详述、规范-名词）concern 关心、关注mislead 误导（衍生词：lead 引导-动词）false 错误的prevent 阻止、预防（衍生词：preventable 可以预防的、可以阻止的-形容词）understandably 可以理解地（衍生词：understand 理解-动词，understandable 可以理解的-形容词）object 反对、抗议（同义词：refuse, refute, argue against）untruthful 不真实的、虚伪的（衍生词：truth 事实、真理-名词，true真实的、真正的-形容词，truthful 诚实的-形容词）unfair 不公平的（衍生词：fair 公平的-形容词）advantage 优势、优点（反义词：disadvantage 略势、缺点-名词）court 法院、法庭、球场clarify 澄清、阐明（衍生词：clarification 澄清-名词）boundary 边界、分界线acceptable 可以接受的（衍生词：accept 接受-名词）best-loved 最喜爱的favorite 喜欢的人、物或事情brand 牌子make 品牌similarly 相似地、相似的是（衍生词：similar 相似的-形容词）expect 期待、期望（衍生词：expectation 期望、期待-名词）expectable 预料中的-形容词，unexpectable 无法预料的-形容词boast 自夸consider 考虑、照顾considerate 考虑周到的-形容词，considerable 值得考虑的，相当多的-形容词，consideration 考虑-名词deceptive 带有欺骗性的deception欺骗-名词primary 初级的、主要的inform 告知monitor 监督、监管ensure 确保、保证argue 争论、辩论technique 技术、技巧、手段technical 技术的、技巧的-形容词，technician 技师、技术员DAY 7otherwise 另外、否则unnoticed 被忽视的、未被注意到的notice 注意、观察-动词，noticeable 显而易见的-形容词，unnoticeable 不明显的-形容词crowded 拥挤的、塞满的crowd 拥挤、塞满-动词aspect 方面relatively 相对地relative 相关的、相对的-形容词，relate 联系-动词harmless 无害的harm 损害、伤害-名词，harmful 有害的、伤害的-形容词integral 完整的、整体的integrate 整合、结合-动词，integration 联合、结合-名词detect 发觉、探测detective 察觉的、侦探的-形容词delight 高兴、欣喜delightful 高兴的、欣喜的、令人愉快的-形容词discount 折扣fee 费、费用description 描述、记叙describe 描述、记叙-动词discussion 讨论discuss 讨论-动词issue 问题comparison 比较compare 比较、对比-动词contrast 对照、对比guilty 内疚的、有罪的guilt 内疚、罪行-名词summary 总结summarize 总结definition 定义define 下定义-动词determine 决定、确定determination 决定、确定-名词chainsaw 链锯recent 最近的、近期的recently 最近地、近期地-副词reality 现实realistic 现实的-形容词realization 意识realize 意识、了解到-动词detailed 详尽的、详细的detail 细节、详情-名词gasoline 汽油同义词petrol 汽油DAY 8own拥有owner 拥有者advantage 优势、优点disadvantage 缺点mobility 灵活机动性specific 具体的specify 详述、说明-动词，specification 详述、规范-名词vital 生死攸关的、重大的affair 事物、事件automobile 汽车（同义词：car, vehicle）relationship 关系、关联love-hate 爱恨的cherish 珍爱、怀抱undeniably 不可否认的convenient （衍生词：convenience）industry 工业、产业、行业commerce 商业（衍生词：commercial 商业的-形容词）prosper （衍生词：prosperous）unfortunately 不幸地fortune 运气、命运-名词，fortunate 幸运的、幸福的-形容词，fortunately 幸运地、幸福地-副词downside 负面、缺点upside 正面、优点pollution 污染manufacture 制造manufacturer 制造商-名词，manufacturing 制造业-名词purpose-build 依某种目的而建造factory 工厂（同义词：plant, mill）entrepreneur 企业家launch 投放、开发、发起admirable 值得赞美的、极美的philosophy 哲理、哲学venture 冒险、风险desire 想往、期望motoring 驾车afford 承担affordable 可承担的、可负担的-形容词，unaffordable 不可承担的、不可负担的-形容词ultra-affordable 最终可以负担的so-called 所谓的determine 决定、确定status 身份、地位comfort 舒适、安慰protection 保护protect 保护-动词，protective 予以保护的、保护的-形容词previous 在前的、早先的DAY 9vehicle 交通工具、车辆two-wheeled 两轮的scooter 小型摩托车three-wheeled 三轮的motorized 机动化的、摩托化的motor 汽车rickshaw 人力车transport 运输potential 潜在的、可能的；潜力、潜能extensive 广泛的、广大的predictable 可预测的predict 预测、预言-动词，unpredictable 不可预测的-形容词explosion 爆发、爆炸inevitable 不可避免的inescapable 不可逃避的unavoidable 不可避免的wisdom 智慧、明智warning 警告、预告consequence 后果massive 大量的compelling 强迫的、引人注目的argument 争论、辩论definite 明确的、一定的connection 关系、连接worsen 恶化、损害worse 更坏的、更恶略的-形容词respectively 各自地、分别地personally 个人地individually 单个地subjectively 主观地critical 批评的、危机的、严重的release 释放dramatically 极大地、引人注目地strikingly 醒目地noticeably 值得注意地remarkably 显著地affect 影响concern 考虑、忧虑stuck 被卡住import 进口export出口approximately 大约地、大概地（同义词：nearly, about, around）dependence 依赖、依靠dependent 依赖的、依靠的-形容词，independence 独立、自主-名词，independent 独立的、自主的-形容词effect 效果、结果uniquely 唯一地、独特地DAY 10solution 解答、解决办法benefit 利益drawback 缺点applaud 称赞、赞同mode 方式、模式descendant 子孙、后代、后裔（同义词offspring）regard 看待、当作original 最初的、原始的（衍生词：origin 起源、根源-名词，originate 起源、发生-动词invention 发明invent 发明、创造-动词percentage 百分比、百分率conventional 习俗的、传统的traditional 传统的orthodox 正统地conservative 保守的elite 精锐、精华crisis 危机unfair 不公平的（衍生词：fair）公平的-形容词）decrease 减少、降低（衍生词：reduce, diminish, cut back, fall, drop）negative 被动的（反义词：positive 主动的）synonym 同义词overcrowding 拥挤的、阻塞的approve 赞成、同意chilling 恐怖的purchaser 消费者purchase 消费-动词，purchasing 消费的-形容词violent 暴力的、强烈的（衍生词：violence 暴力-名词）whereby 凭什么、为何compensation 补偿（衍生词：compensate 偿还、补偿-动词favorable 赞成的、有利的traffic 交通congestion 拥塞（同义词：jam, conjunction, gridlock）cycling 骑脚踏车（衍生词：bicycle 脚踏车，cyclist 骑脚踏车的人）stuck 被粘住的（衍生词：stuck是stick的过去式和过去分词）breathe 呼吸、发出diesel 柴油机、柴油味fume （浓烈或难闻的）烟、气commute （乘坐交通工具）往来college 大学、学院issue 问题；发行despite 不论、尽管flyover过街天桥lane 街道、车道（同义词street, road, avenue, pathway）consideration 考虑、体谅（衍生词：consider 考虑、体谅-动词，considerable值得考虑的、数量相当大的-形容词，considerate 考虑周到的-形容词）car-friendly 汽车友好型的humble 微贱的、粗陋的restrict 限制Cambridge4 TEST1ignore=pay no attention=not pay any attention=take no notice=not take any notice忽略，无视 v. encounter=face=confront=meet遇见，遭遇v.mistaken view=misconception错误的观点n.easy to reach=accessible容易达到的adj.change=modify(modification) 改变v.destruction=destroy=loss毁坏n.investigate=make inquiries=enquiries=go into=probe=look into 调查v.where=geographical location 表地点important=vital=essential=crucial重要的adj.reason=cause=factor=origins=root=stimulus=impetus原因n.protect=guard=safeguard=shield=conservation保护v.newspapers, television=media媒体n.where to live=habitat居住地n.get warmer=global warming变暖n.contribute to=play a part有助于v.survive=continuing existence幸存，活下来v.curriculum=course=syllabus课程n.link to=be connected with=be linked with把…和…相联系v.underdeveloped=degenerated=rudimentary不发达的adj.poor=bad=badly=not very good=no good at something=weak贫穷的，可怜的adj. exceptional=good=excellent=outstanding=brilliant=impressive=admirable超常的，例外的adj. mating=courtship交配.follow=track=tail=shadow=hound=stalk=stalker跟随，跟踪v.good vision ability=vision is obviously more usefulÿ好的视力best=well=greatest=finest=ideal=top=number one=ultimate=optimum=definitive=unsurpassed=record-breaking极好的adj.surprised=amazed=astonished=astounded=be taken aback=startled感到惊讶的adj.volunteer=subject实验研究对象n.similar=resemble=like=alike相似的adj.blind=can not see瞎的adj.Cambridge4 TEST2initiative=on your own/by yourself=independently=on your own initiative=under your own steam=to be the person who starts something=plan=law主动的，自发的adj. 主动权n.increase=go up=rise=grow=climb=gain=escalate=pick up=widen=be on theincrease=intensify=expand=build up上升，增加v.teach=educate=train=coach=instruct=bring up教学v.more than one language=bilingual=sb's second language多种语言n.determine=establish=identify=pinpoint=diagnose 决定v.young people=teenager=youth=in your teens=adolescent=minor年轻人n.community=all the people in a particular area, city, country etc.群体，团体，社区n.traditional=old-fashioned=outdated=outmoded=unfashionable传统的adj.fail=failure=not succeed=unsuccessful=vain=fruitless=unproductive=be a failure=go wrong=not work=do no good=fall through失败v.endanger=to put someone or something in danger of being hurt=damaged=destroyed危及，使危险v. diverse=varied=variety=wide-ranging=mixed各种各样的adj.inevitable=certain to happen and impossible to avoid不可避免的adj.differ from=unusual与ÿ不同v.reluctant=unwilling=not willing=drag your feet=be loath to do something=conservative勉强的adj. consult=ask somebody's advice=seek advice=get/obtain advice资询v.alternative=another=other=different=new=else=variation=variant另一个therapist=someone who has been trained to give a particular form of treatment for physical or mental illness临床医学家n.retrain=taking courses再教育v.salary=pay=wage=income=earnings=fee工资，收入n.long-term=chronic=long-running=long-standing=lasting=lifelong=prolonged=lingering=enduring=abiding =incurable长期的adj.complaint=complain=make a complaint=protest=object=complain抱怨n.illness=disease=virus=bug=infection疾病 n.connection=relationship=link=correlation联系 n.beneficial=be good for you/ do somebody good=wholesome=nutritious=nourishing=healthful有益的 adj. insight=comprehension=understanding理解，见解 n.physical=relating to the body=bodily身体的 adj.hazard=risk=danger=threat障碍，危险n.accompany=with=together=along with=come wit陪伴,伴随mental=relating to the health or state of someone's mind精神上的，心理的 adj.possible=possibility=can=potential=there is a chance/possibility可能的adj.reduction=decrease=drop=fall=cut 减少 n.class=type=kind=sort=style=category=variety种类n.rehearsal=practice=training=run-through=exercise排练，演习 n.peer=your peers are the people who are the same age as you, or who have the same type of job, social class etc同伴 n.defensive=used or intended to protect someone or something against attack 防御n.strategy=way=method=approach=technique=system=tactics 方法，功略n.assist=help=aid=with the aid of帮助 v.specific=give (somebody) more details=expand on=enlarge on=go into more=greater detail=be morespecific=be more explicit=elaborate特定的adj.substance=a particular type of solid, liquid, or gas 物质 n.surroundings=environment=circumstance 环境 n.engage=give somebody a job=employ=take on=appoint=recruit=sign up雇佣 v.combine=mix=stir=beat=blend=whisk=dilute联合v.survival=the state of continuing to live or exist幸存n.Cambridge4 TEST3quotation= a sentence or phrase from a book, speech etc which you repeat in a speech or piece of writingbecause it is interesting or amusing 引言n.exemplify= example=case=instance=to be a very typical example of something=to give an example of something 例证 v.explain=tell=say what/why/where etc=show=demonstrate=go through=throw/shed light on=set out解释v. outline= to describe something in a general way, giving the main points but not the details概述 v.purpose=aim=point=idea=objective=object=goal= target=end目的 n.encourage=persuade=persuasion=get somebody to do something=influence=encourage=talk somebody into=put somebody up to鼓励 v.loan= an amount of money that you borrow from a bank etc. 贷款 n.poverty= being poor贫穷n.crime= illegal activities in general犯罪 n.reject=to refuse to accept, believe in, or agree with something 拒绝 v.employ=give somebody a job=take on=engage= appoint=recruit=sign up雇佣 v.courier=a person or company that is paid to take packages somewhere快递员 n.storage=keep=store=keep something in storage=preserve 存储n.facility=rooms, equipment, or services that are provided for a particular purpose 设备n.ambitious=ambition=power-hungry/power-mad=competitive= determined to be successful, rich, powerful etc.有志向的，雄心壮志的 adj.effort=to try very hard to do something= attempt=campaign=drive努力 n.feature= a part of something that you notice because it seems important, interesting, or typical；a part of the land, especially a part that you can see: a part of someone's face, such as their eyes, nose etc特点 n. planet= the world=earth/Earth=the globe 地球 n.unpredictable=can't say/tell=unforeseeable=it remains to be seen 无法预测的 adj.machinery=machines, especially large ones= a system or set of processes for doingsomething=machine=device=robot=appliance=mechanism 机械 n.ultimate=someone's ultimate aim is their main and most important aim, that they hope to achieve in the future= final最终的，根本的 adj.atmosphere= the feeling that an event or place gives you= the mixture of gases that surrounds theEarth气氛; 大气n.occur=happen=take place=there is=come about=come up=turn up=arise=strike发生v.expand= get bigger=grow=swell up=stretch扩张，扩大v.form= type= way something is/appears=shape形式 n.emerge=appear=become visible=come into view/come into sight=come out=reappear 出现 v.emit= to send out gas, heat, light, sound etc 发出，放射 n.situation= circumstances=position=case=plight情况，状况 n.self-conscious=worried and embarrassed about what you look like or what other people think of you自觉的n.generate= to make someone have a particular feeling= form=produce=create 产生 v.various=there are several different types of that thing=different=a variety ofsomething=differing=varying=an assortment of something=assorted=a mix of something=a mixture ofsomething各种各样的 adj.convenient= a thing or way of doing something that is easy and quick; a time or arrangement that is convenient 方便的 adj.objective=impartial=neutral=not take sides=unbiased=disinterested客观的 adj.enquiry=investigate=make inquiries/enquiries=go into=probe=look into=solve=be under investigation 调查observe=notice=can see/can tell=see=spot=detect=note become aware/conscious=catch somebody'seye=perceive观察 v.comment=remark=thing to say=point=statement= announcement=declaration=observation评论include=consist of=comprise=be composed of= be made up of包含，包括 v.focus on=deals only with=concentrate专注于 v.affect=have an effect=have an impact=take effect= make a difference=impact影响 v.gained from=come from=be based on=originate= go back to=have its origins in=have its roots in=derive from/be derived from=develop from/evolve from产生于ÿ. V.concern=worry=stress=anxiety=strain= a feeling of worry about something important关心，担心n. Cambridge4 TEST4official=formal=authorized=on (the) record官方的，正式的 adj.athletic=physically strong and good at sport=fit=be in shape=be in good condition运动的 adj.intensive=involving a lot of activity, effort, or careful attention in a short period of time=rapid=crash course密集的，加强的 adj.burst=a short sudden effort or increase in activity=burst of anger/enthusiasm/temper etc 爆炸，突发recognize=know=identify=pick out=tell认出，承认v.inadequate=not enough=too little=few=scarce=insufficient=be in short supply=lack of something=be short 不足的 adj.develop=come from=be based on=originate=go back to=have its origins in=have its roots in=derivefrom=be derived from=be founded on=grow out of=develop from=evolve from发展，生长 v.enable=make something possible=allow=permit=pave the way for=clear the way for使能够 v.predict=anticipate=forecast=foretell=prediction=projected=guess in advance预测 v.specialist=someone who knows a lot about a particular subject, or is very skilled at it=expert专家 n. theoretical=relating to the study of ideas, especially scientific ideas, rather than with practical uses of the ideas or practical experience理论的 adj.basic=fundamental=essential=central=underlying=simple=crude=primitive=rudimentary=unsophisticated=l ow-tech基本的 adj.nature=plants/animals etc=somebody's character=qualities of something=type自然 n.aim=purpose=point=idea=objective=object=goal=target=end目的 n.translate=change languages=interpret=put something into English/French/Japanese etc翻译 v.ancient=belonging to a time long ago in history, especially thousands of years ago 古老的 adj.realistic=when pictures, films etc make things seem real=lifelike=realism=true tolife=vivid实际的，现实的field=area=branch=world=domain=realm=sphere领域 n.document=a piece of paper that has official information on it；a piece of written work that is stored on a computer文件 n.equal=the same in number, amount, level etc as something else平等的 adj.influence=effect=side effect=impact=what something does to=the implications 影响 n.behavior=manner=conduct=behave=well-behaved=good=be on your best=stay out of trouble行为 n. compare=to examine or judge two or more things in order to show how they are similar to or different from each other=liken=make a comparison=draw an analogy=draw a parallel=contrast 比较 v. economically=in a way that is related to systems of money, trade, or business经济上地 adv.establish=determine=identify=pinpoint=diagnose=to start a new business ororganization.建立新的生意/组织 v.sustainable=able to continue without causing damage to the environment; able to continue for a longtime可持续的 adj.realize=know=be/become aware=can tell=appreciate=be conscious=know perfectly well=know/learn from experience意识到 v.limit=restrict=set/impose/put a limit=keep to/keep within=confine=fix 限制produce=form=create=generate生产 v.guarantee=promise=assure=give somebody your word=swear=vow=commit to=pledge保证 v.liberty=freedom=a free hand自由 n.independence=self-sufficiency=self-reliance 独立 n.consistent=always behaving in the same way or having the same attitudes, standards etc - usually used to show approval持续的 adj.underestimate=to think or guess that something is smaller, cheaper, easier etc than it really is=to think that someone is not as good, clever, or skilful, as they really are低估 v.provision=when you provide something that someone needs now or in the future 提供 n.Cambridge5 TEST1produce=develop=manufacture生产 v.central=middle中心的 adj.did not have=without没有 v.bring=confer=award=present=grant=confer=allocate=offer带来 v.time limit=deadline时间限制，期限 n.increase=go up/rise=grow=climb=gain=escalate=expand=pick up=widen=intensify=build up增加assistant=helper=coach 助手 n.immense=big=major=considerable=great=huge/enormous=tremendous=large scale/large-scale巨大的 adj. illustrate=show=be a sign=demonstrate=mean=make clear=reflect=tell=be evidence=reveal 表明，显示 v. quotation=a phrase or sentence that is well-known or often used 引用语 n.predecessor=someone who had your job before you started doing it 前辈，前任n.rival=a person, group, or organization that you compete with in sport, business, a fight etc=competitor对手，竞争者 n.distraction=something that stops you paying attention to what you are doing分心的事物 n.fault=defect=problem=trouble=flaw=weakness =bug=virus=be something wrong with 错误，缺点cornerstone=basis=foundation=the key 基石n.confer=award=present=grant=allocate 给予 v.stability=the condition of being steady and not changing稳定 n.prevail=win=come out on top=prevail=carry the day流行,获胜v.contract=agreement=understanding=compromise 合约 n.grant=award=present=confer=allocate给予 v.fascinate=if someone or something fascinates you, you are attracted to them and think they are extremely interesting吸引，使着迷 v.disturb=interrupt=bother=distract=put somebody off 打扰 v.expect=think=anticipate预期，期待 v.psychology=the study of the mind and how it influences people's behavior 心理学 n.obey=comply with=abide by=keep to=stick to the rules=conform to=observe=respect=toe the line=go by the book/do something by the book 服从，顺从v.identity=someone's identity is their name or who they are 身份n.severity=used of the degree of something undesirable 严重性 n.unfold=open=happen=develop=expand 展开，发生 v.deliberately=intentionally=on purpose=purposely故意地 adv.moral=relating to the principles of what is right and wrong behavior, and with the difference between good and evil 道德上的，与道德有关的 adj.prior to=before=previous在ÿ前面repetition=doing or saying the same thing many times重复 n.genetic=relating to genes or genetics基因的，遗传学的 adj.sacrifice=when you decide not to have something valuable, in order to get something that is more important牺牲 v.victim=someone who has been attacked, robbed, or murdered受害者 n.forge=form=counterfeit 形成;伪造 v.persuade=convince=win over=talk around 说服 v.surrender=give in 投降，放弃 v.extinct=an extinct type of animal or plant does not exist anymore=disappear=vanish灭绝的，绝种的 adj. abundant=plenty=ample 充裕的，丰富的 adj.exaggerate=overstate夸张，夸大 v.phenomenon=something that happens or exists in society, science, or nature, especially something that is studied because it is difficult to understand 现象 n.perception=idea=notion=view=belief=insight 认识，观念，看法 n.impression=infection=effect=influence=affection印象，感想 n.entitle=to give someone the official right to do or have something 使某人有权利/资格 v.distortion=a change for the worse=deformation扭曲，曲解 v.dispose=to arrange things or put them in their places=arrange=settle=manage=cope with=deal with安排，处理 v.intuition=the ability to understand or know something because of a feeling rather than by considering the facts=instinct 直觉 n.emission=a gas or other substance that is sent into the air排放物，散发物n.diminish=reduce=decrease=fall=lessen=cut 减少，减小v.postpone=put back=delay=adjourn 延期，推迟 v.crucial=important=critical=vital=necessary=essential 至关重要的 adj.pessimistic=expecting that bad things will happen in the future or that something will have a badresult=getting worse悲观的 adj.attempt=purpose=order=effort 尝试，努力Cambridge5 TEST2similar=like=resemble相似的 adj.derive=originate=come from=stem from起源 v.impetus=momentum=stimulus=incentive=motivation=encouragement 动机，动力 n.generate=produce=bring into existence=make=manufacture产生 v.couple with=and=accompany=with 伴随 v.factor=reason=element=component=ingredient 因素 n.unique=have the distinction=distinct=different=extraordinary=special独特的 adj.advance=progress=development=growth=increase进步 n.field=domain=territory=industry=sector领域 n.alternative=substitute=replacement替代物 n.like=such as=for example=for instance 例如resource=material=source资源，来源 n.limited=restricted=exhaustible=finite有限的adj.$㸁D㸁F㸁°䨁Ð䨁Ò䨁D吁d吁f吁N崁n崁6䘀6昀6稀6阀6刀>刀\刀t刀.挀°挀ª搀X攀¾攀:昀n昀&最¦最*栀èinvolve=rely on=contain=comprise 包含，牵涉 v.current=modern=recent=present最近的adj.particular=extraordinary=special=detail=specific=unique特别的，独有的adj.draw on=absorb=do with吸收 v.settle on=make choice of=decide on选定 v.superiority=advantage=edge=high quality优势 n.accompany=when=keep company=be associated with 陪伴，伴随v.view=belief=opinion=insight=perception 观点 n.artificial intelligence=reasoning in machine人工智能 n.involve with=associate with=link to=relate to与ÿ有关联 v.release=issue=launch=convey=public=deliver 发行，发表v.difficult=demanding=hard=tough困难的 adj.task=job=work=labour 任务，工作 n.instantly=rapidly=immediately立即地 adv.react=respond 反应 v.relate to=depend on=link to=associate with=involve with 与ÿ有关系 v.subject views=outlook=personal/individual views=personal/individual opinions 主观观点 n.distort=to change the appearance, sound, or shape of something so that it is strange or unclear; to report something in a way that is not completely true or correct=misinterpret 扭曲，歪曲 v.figure out=settle=decide=tell=understand 理解，想出 v.assessment=appraisal=evaluation=estimate=judgment评估，估计 v.emerge=appear=come forth出现 v.remain=keep=stay=maintain保持 v.exploitation=development=utilization=usage利用，使用n.foster=cultivate=raise=nurture培养，养育 v.overtake=catch up=sweep over赶上，压倒 v.initial=original=premier最初的，开始的 adj.whereas=however=while=nevertheless=but=yet然而，但是 adv.Cambridge5 TEST3outcome=product=result=conclusion=consequence 结果，后果 n.overcome=win=get over=exceed克服，战胜 v.insufficient=deficient=shortage=lack=scarcity不足的 adj.supply=provide=furnish=give 提供 v.。
剑桥雅思真题考官范文剑4-剑7大小作文汇总
剑桥雅思真题考官范文剑4-剑7大小作文汇总－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－剑四小作文Test1The table gives a breakdown of the different types of family who were living in poverty in Australia in 1999.On average, 11% of all households,comprising almost two million people, were in this position. However, those consisting of only one parent or a single adult had almost double this proportion of poor people, with 21% and 19% respectively.Couples generally tended to be better off, with lower poverty levels for couples without children(7%) than those with children(12%). It is noticeable that for both types ofhousehold with children, a higher than average proportion were living in poverty at this time.Older people were generally less likely to be poor, though once again the trend favoured elderly couples(only 4%) rather than single elderly people(6%).Overall the table suggests that households of single adults and those with children were more likely to be living in poverty than those consisting of couples.TEST 3小作文The chart gives information about post-school qualifications in terms of the different levels of further education reached by men and women in Australia in 1999.We can see immediately that there were substantial difference in the proportion of men and women at different levels. The biggest gender difference is at the lowest post-school level, where 90% of those who held a skilled vocational diploma were men, compared with only 10% of women. By contrast, more women held undergraduate diplomas(70%) and marginally more women reached degree level(55%).At the higher levels of education, men with postgraduate diplomas clearly outnumbered their female counterpart (70% and 30%, respectively), and also constituted 60% of Master’s graduates.Thus we can see that more men than women hold qualifications at the lower and higher levels ofeducation, while more women reach undergraduate diploma level than men. The gender difference is smallest at the level of Bachelor’s degree, however.剑桥5小作文2The first graph shows that there is a gradual decrease in study for career reasons with age. Nearly 80% of students under 26 years, study for their career. This percentage gradually declines by 10-20% every decade. Only 40% of 40-49 yr olds and 18% of over 49yr olds are studying for career reasons in late adulthood.Conversely, the first graph also shows that study stemming from interest increases with age. There are only 10% of under 26 yr olds studying out of interest. The percentage increases slowly till the beginning of the fourth decade, and increases dramatically in late adulthood. Nearly same number of 40-49yr olds study for career and interest. However 70% of over 49yr olds study for interest in comparison to 18% studying for career reasons in that age group.The second graph shows that employer support is maximum(approximately 60%) for the under 26yr students. It drops rapidly to 32% up to the third decade of life, and then increases in late adulthood up to about 44%. It is unclear whether employer support is only for career-focused study, but the highest level is for those students who mainly study for career purposes.3The map shows two proposed locations for a new supermarket for the town of Garlsdon.编辑版wordThe first potential location (S1) is outside the town itself, and is sited just off the main road to the town of Hindon, lying 12 kms to the north-west. This site is in the countryside and so would be able to accommodate a lot of car parking. This would make it accessible to shoppers from both Hindon and Garlsdon who could travel by car. As it is also close to the railway line linking the two towns to Cransdon(25km to the south-east), a potentially large number of shoppers would also be able to travel by train.In contrast, the suggested location, S2, is right in the town centre, which would be good for local residents. Theoretically the store could be accessed by road or rail from the surrounding towns, including Bransdon, but as the central area is a no-traffic zone,cars would be unable to park and access would be difficult.Overall, neither site is appropriate for all the towns, but for customers in Cransdon, Hindon and Garlsdon, the out-of-town site(S1) would probably offer more advantages.47分The table shows the details regarding the underground railway systems in six cities.London has the oldest underground railway systems among the six cities. It was opened in the year 1863, and it is already 140 years old. Paris is the second oldest, in which it was opened in the year 1900. This is was then followed by the opening of the railway systems in Tokyo, Washington DC and Kyoto. Los Angeles has the newest underground railway system. And was only opened in the year 2001. In terms of the size of the railway systems, London, for certain, has the largest underground railway systems. It has 394 kilometres of route in total, which is nearly twice as large as the system in Paris. Tokyo, in contrast, has the smallest system. It only has 11 kilometres of route, which is more than 30 times less than that of London.Interestingly, Tokyo, which only has 155 kilometers of route, serves the greatest number of passengers per year, at 1927 millions passengers. The system in Paris has the second greatest number of passengers, at 1191 millions passengers per year. The smallest underground railway system, Tokyo, serves the smallest number of passengers per year as predicted.In conclusion, the underground railway systems in different cities vary a lot in the size of the system, the number of passengers served per year and in the age of the system.剑六TEST1小作文The graph shows how the amount of water used worldwide changed between 1900 and 2000. Throughout the century, the largest quantity of water was used for agricultural purposes, and this increased dramatically from about 500km to around 3000 km in the year 2000. Water used in the industrial and domestic sectors also increased, but consumption was minimal until mid-century. From 1950 onwards, industrial use grew steadily to just over 1000km, while domestic use rose more slowly to only 300km, both far below the levels of consumption by agriculture.The table illustrates the differences in agricultural consumption in some areas of the world by contrasting the amount of irrigated land in Brazil(26500km) with that in the D.R.C (100km). This means that a huge amount of water is used in agriculture in Brazil, and this is reflected in the figures for water consumption per person: 359m compared with only 8m in the Congo. With a population of 176 million, the figures for Brazil indicate how high agricultural water consumptioncan be in some countries.TEST3编辑版wordThe first diagram shows that there are four main stages in the life of the silkworm. First of all, eggs are produced by the moth and it takes ten days for each egg to become a silkworm larva that feeds on mulberry leaves. This stage lasts for up to six weeks until the larva produces a cocoon of silk thread around itself. After a period of about three weeks, the adult moths eventually emerge from these cocoons and the life cycle begins again.The cocoons are the raw material used for the production of silk cloth. Once selected. they are boiled in water and the threads can be separated in the unwinding stage. Each thread is between 300 and 900 metres long, which means they can be twisted together, dyed and then used to produce cloth in the weaving stage.Overall, the diagrams show that the cocoon stage of the silkworm can be used to produce silk cloth through a very simple process.TEST41We are given two charts which show us a few sets of data about the marital status of the Amercians between 1970 and 2000.The first chart compares the number of marriages and divorces in the United States of America between 1970 and 2000. We can see that data is given for each decade; the number of people who are getting married decreased slightly since 1980, as well as the divorces one. Nevertheless, divorces increased between 1970 and 1980.The second chart is more precise about the different martial status of the Americans between the 1970 and 2000. The number of divorced people has risen more than the double during this two years, and the data for the never married people has also increased significantly. However , less and less people are married,as the first chart showed us; the widowed American number is also decreasing.As a conclusion, we can say that the marital status background of the Americans has maybe known the greatest change it had ever seen.Test 2Writing task 1Topic requestThe graph below shows the consumption of fish and some different kinds of meat in a European country between 1979 and 2004.Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.Model answerThe graph illustrates changed in the amounts of beef, lamb, chicken and fish consumed in a particular European country between 1979 and 2004.In 1979 beef was by far the most popular of these foods, with about 225 grams consumed per person per week. Lamb and chicken were eaten in similar quantities (around 150 grams), while much less fish was consumed (just over 50 grams).However, during this 25-year period the consumption of beef and lamb fell dramatically to approximately 100 grams and 55 grams respectively. The consumption of fish also declined, but much less significantly to just below 50 grams, so although it remained the least popular food, consumption levels were the most stable.编辑版wordThe consumption of chicken, on the other hand, showed an upward trend, overtaking that of lamb in 1980 and that of beef in 1989. By 2004 it had soared to almost 250 grams per person per week. Overall, the graph shows how the consumption of chicken increased dramatically while the popularity of these other foods decreased over the period.剑桥雅思7Test 4Writing task 1The pie charts below show units of electricity production by fuel source in Australia and France in 1980 and 2000.Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.Model answerThe chart compare the sources of electricity in Australia and France in the years 1980 and 2000. Between these years electricity production almost doubled, rising from 100 units to 170 in Australia, and from 90 to 180 units in France.In 1980 Australia used coal as the main electricity source (50 units) and the remainder was produced from natural gas, hydro power (each producing 20 units) and oil (which produced only 10 units). By 2000, coal had become the fuel for more than 75% of electricity produced and only hydro continued to be another significant source supplying approximately 20%.In contrast, France used coal as a source for only 25 units of electricity in 1980, which was matched by natural gas. The remaining 40 units were produced largely from oil and nuclear power, with hydro contributing only 5 units. But by 2000 nuclear power, which was not used at all in Australia, had developed into the main source, producing almost 75% of electricity, at 126 units, while coal and oil together produced only 50 units. Other sources were no longer significant.Overall, it is clear that by 2000 these two countries relied on different principal fuel sources: Australia relied on coal and France on nuclear power.剑三C3- Test 2 P28-P162When a country develops its technology; the traditional skills and ways of life die out. It is pointless to try and keep them alive.To what extent do you agree or disagree with this opinion?Overall, I disagree with the opinion expressed. I would like to begin by pointing out that ‘traditional skill s and ways of life’ are not automatically of one country, but of a culture or community.编辑版wordIn many ways, the history of civilisation is the history of technology: from the discovery of fire to the invention of the wheel to the development of the Internet, we have been moving on from previous ways of doing things. Some technologies, such as weapons of mass destruction, are of negative impact. Others, such as medical advances, positively help people to live better or longer, and so very much help traditional ways of life. Surely, few people would seek to preserve such traditional as living in caves!Interestingly, technology can positively contribute to the keeping alive of traditional skills and ways of life. For example, the populations of some islands are too small to have normal schools. Rather than breaking up families by sending children to the mainland, education authorities have been able to use the Internet to deliver schooling online. In addition, the Internet, and modern refrigeration techniques, are being used to keep alive the traditional skills of producing salmon; it can now be ordered from, and delivered to, anywhere in the world.In conclusion, without suggesting that all technology is necessarily good, I think it is by no means ‘ pointless’, i n any way, to try to keep traditions alive with technology. We should not ignore technology, because it can be our friend and support our way of life.剑桥C3, Test3, P74-P164You should spend about 40 minutes on this task. Present a written argument or case to an educated reader with no specialist knowledge of the following topic.· In many countries children are engaged in some kind of paid work. Some people regard this ad completely wrong, while others consider it as valuable work experience, important for learning and taking reposibility.· What are your opinions on this? You should use your own ideas, knowledge and experience and support your arguments with examples and relevant evidence.You should write at least 250 words.The issue of children doing paid work is a complex and sensitive one. It is difficult to say who has the right to judge whether children working is "wrong” or "valuable”. Opinions will also differ as to "learning "benefits: no doubt teachers and factory owners, for example, would you have varying concerns.An important consideration is the kind of work undertaken. Young children doing arduous and repetitive tasks on a factory production line, for example, are less likely to be ‘learning’ than older children helping in an old people’ home. There are health and safety issues to be considered as well. It is an unfortunate fact that many employers may prefer to use the servicesof children simply to save money by paying them less than adults and it is this type of exploitation that should be discouraged.However, in many countries children work because their families need the additional income, no matter how small. This was certainly the case in the past in many industrialized countries, and it is very difficult to judge that it is wrong for children today to contribute to the family income in this way.Nevertheless, in better economic circumstances, few parents would choose to send their children out to full-time paid work. If learning responsibilities and work experience are considered to be important, then children can acquire these by having light, part-time jobs or even doing tasks such as helping编辑版wordtheir parents around the family home, which are unpaid, but undoubtedly of value in children's development.Test A P113-P168Some people believe that children’s leisure activities must be educational; otherwise they are a complete waste of time.Do you agree or disagree？Today, education has become a priority for many parents seeking to secure a good future for their children in this rapidly changing world. They believe that if their children apply themselves and work hard at school, then they will increase their opportunities for going to higher education and eventually getting a good job. Of course they are right, and as access to the best education and best jobs is becoming more competitive, then it is true that children have to make the best of their study time when they young.However, the parents who do not allow their children sufficient free time for leisure activities outside school hours, are misguided. Such activities are far from being a waste of time for the children simply because they are not academic. It is important to remember that children need to develop skills other than intellectual ones, and the best way to do this is through activities such as sports, games and playing with other kids. If they cannot play make-believe games, how can they develop their imagination? How can they learn physical co-ordination or learn important social lessons about winning and losing if they do not practise any sports? Many children form strong, personal relationship with friends they play with, and without the opportunity to do this, they could grow up emotionally immature or unformed.Finally, I think it is also important to remember that children need to relax as well as work. If everything they do must have some educational or academic relevance, then they will soon get tired of studying altogether, which is the last thing parents would want. (255)剑四C4 –Test 2 P55-P165Happiness is considered to be very important in life.Why is it difficult to define?What factors are important in achieving happiness?Happiness is very difficult to define, because it means so many different things to different people. While some people link happiness to wealth and material success, others think it lies in emotions and loving personal relationships. Yet others think that spiritual paths, rather than either the material world or relationships with people, are the only way to true happiness.Because people interpret happiness for themselves in so many different ways, it is difficult to give any definition that is true for everyone. However, if there are different kinds of happiness for different individuals then the first step in achieving it would be to have a degree of self-knowledge. A person needs to know who he or she is before being able to know what it is that makes him or her happy.Of course, factor such as loving relationships, good health, the skills to earn a living and a peaceful environment all contribute to our happiness too. But this does not mean that people without these编辑版wordconditions cannot be happy.Overall, I think an ability to keep clear perspectives in life is a more essential factor in achieving happiness. By that I mean an ability to have a clear sense of what is important in our lives (the welfare of our families, the quality of our relationships, making other people happy, etc.) and what is not (a problem at work, getting annoyed about trivial things, etc.).Like self-awareness, this is also very difficult to achieve, but I think these are the two factors that may be the most important for achieving happiness.C4, P101-169In many countries schools have severe problems with student behaviour.What do you think are the cause of this?What solutions can you suggest?Poor student behaviour seems to be increasingly widespread problem and I think that modern lifestyles are probably responsible for this.In many countries, the birth is decreasing so that families are smaller with fewer children. These children are often spoilt, not in terms of love and attention because working parents do not have the time for this, but in more material ways. They are allowed to have whatever they want, regardless of price, and to behave as they please. This means that the children grow up without consideration for others and without any understanding of where their standard of living comes from.When they get to school age they have not learnt any self control or discipline. They have less respect for their teachers and refuse to obey school rules in the way that their parents did.Teachers continually complain about this problem and measures should be taken to combat the situation. But I think the solution to the problem lies with the families, who need to be more aware of the future consequences of spoiling their children. If they could raise them to be considerate of others and to be social, responsible individuals, the whole community would benefit.Perhaps parenting classes are needed to help them to do this, and high quality nursery schools could be established that would support families more in terms of raising the next generation. The government should fund this kind of parental support, because this is no longer a problem for individual families, but for society as a whole.C4 G Test BP129-P173Some people believe that children should be allowed to stay at home and play until they are six or seven years old. Others believe that it is important for young children to go to school as soon as possible.What do you think are the advantages of attending school from a young age?In many places today, children start primary school at around the age of six or seven. However,because it is more likely now that both parents work, there is little opportunity for children to stay in their own home up to that age. Instead, they will probably go to a nursery school when they are much编辑版wordyounger.While some people think this may be damaging to a child’s development, or to a child’s relationship with their parents, in fact there are many advantages to having school experience at a young age.Firstly, a child will learn to interact with a lot of different people and some children learn to communicate very early because of this. They are generally more confident and independent than children who stay at home with their parents and who are not used to strangers or new situations. Such children find their first day at school at the age of six very frightening and this may have a negative effect on how they learn.Another advantage of going to school at an early age is that children develop faster socially. They make friends and learn how to get on with other children of a similar age. This is often not possible at home because they are the only children, or because their brothers or sisters are older or younger.So overall, I believe that, attending school from a young age is good for most children. They still spend plenty of time at home with their parents, so they can benefit from both environments.剑五Test 2 P53- P165剑五范文In some countries young people are encouraged to work or travel for a year between finishing high school and starting university studies. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages for young people to do this.It is quite common these days for young people in many countries to have a break from studying after graduating from high school. This trend is not restricted to rich students who have the money to travel, but is also evident among poorer students who choose to work and become economically independent for a period of time.The reasons for this trend may involve the recognition that a young adult who passes directly from school to university is rather restricted in terms of general knowledge and experience of the world. By contrast, those who have spent some time earning a living or traveling to other places have a broader view of life and better personal resources to draw on. (Furthermore,) They tend to be more independent, which is a very important factor in academic study and research, as well as giving them an advantage in terms of coping with the challenges of student life.However, there are certainly dangers/risks in taking time off at that important age. Young adults may end up never returning to their studies or finding it difficult to readapt to an academic environment. They may think that it is better to continue in a particular job, or to do something completely different from a university course. But overall, I think this is less likely today, when academic qualifications are essential for getting a reasonable career.My view is that young people should be encouraged to broaden their horizons. That is the best way for them to get a clear perspective of what they are hoping to do with their lives and why. Students编辑版wordwith such a perspective are usually the/tend to be the most effective and motivated ones and taking a year off may be the best way to gain this.TEST4 P99 P169Nature VS. nurtureToday(剑五范文)Research indicates that the characteristics we are born with have much more influence on our personality and development than any experiences we may have in our life.Today the way we consider human psychology and mental development is heavily influenced by the genetic sciences. We now understand the importance of inherited characteristics more than ever before. Yet we are still unable to decide whether an individual's personality and development are more influenced by genetics factors (nature) or by the environment (nurture).Research, relating to identical twins, has highlighted how significant inherited characteristics can be for an individual's life. But whether these characteristics are able to develop within the personality of an individual surely depends on whether the circumstances allow such a development. It seems that the experiences we have in life are so unpredictable and so powerful, that they can boost or over-ride other influences, and there seems to be plenty of research findings to confirm this.My own view is that there is no one major influence in a person's life. Instead, the traits we inherit from our parents and the situations and experiences that we encounter in life are constantly interacting. It is the interaction of the two that shapes a person's personality and dictates how that personality develops. If this were not true, then we would be able to predict the behaviour and character of a person from the moment they were born.In conclusion, I do not think that either nature or nurture is the major influence on a person, but that both have powerful effects. How these factors interact is still unknown today and they remain largely unpredictable in a person's life.General training P127 P173剑五范文Nowadays we are producing more and more rubbish. Why do you think this is happening? What can governments do to help reduce the amount of rubbish produced?I think it is true that in almost every country today each household and family produces a large amount of waste every week. Most of this rubbish comes from the packaging from the things we buy, such as processed food. But even if we buy fresh food without packaging, we still produce rubbish from the plastic bags used everywhere to carry shopping home.The reason why we have so much packaging is that we consume so much more on a daily basis than families did in the past. Convenience is also very important in modern life, so we buy packaged or canned food that can be transported from long distances and stored until we need it, first in the supermarket, and then at home.However, the amount of waste produced is also a result of our tendency to use something once and throw it away. We forget that even the cheapest plastic bag has used up valuable resources and energy to produce. We also forget that it is a source of pollution and difficult to dispose of.编辑版wordI think, therefore, that governments need to raise this awareness in the general public. Children can be educated about environmental issues at school, but adults need to take action. Governments can encourage such action by putting taxes on packaging, such as plastic bags, by providing recycling services and by fining households and shops that do not attempt to recycle their waste.With the political will, such measures could really reduce the amount of rubbish we produce. Certainly nobody wants to see our resources used up and our planet poisoned by waste.。
剑桥雅思1-12小作文Task1题目汇总
剑桥雅思1-12小作文Task1题目汇总Cambridge IELTS 1～12剑桥雅思作文真题集小作文Writing Task 1ContentCambridge IELTS 1-Test 1 静态- bar+pie (2) Cambridge IELTS 1-Test 2 flow chart (3) Cambridge IELTS 1-TEST 3 静+动bar+line (4) Cambridge IELTS 1-TEST 4 map (5) Cambridge IELTS 2-TEST 1 动态– table (6) Cambridge IELTS 2-TEST 2 静态– bar (7) Cambridge IELTS 2-TEST 3 动态– table (8) Cambridge IELTS 2-TEST 4 动态– bar (9) Cambridge IELTS 3-TEST 1 动态– bar + line (10) Cambridge IELTS 3-TEST 2 静态– bar (11) Cambridge IELTS 3-TEST 3 动态– bar (12) Cambridge IELTS 3-TEST 4 动态– line (13) Cambridge IELTS 4-TEST 1 静态– table (14) Cambridge IELTS 4-TEST 2 动态– line + pie (15) Cambridge IELTS 4-TEST 3 静态– bar (16) Cambridge IELTS 4-TEST 4 动态– line + bar (16) Cambridge IELTS 5-TEST 1 动态– line (17) Cambridge IELTS 5-TEST 2 静态– bar (18) Cambridge IELTS 5-TEST 3 map (19) Cambridge IELTS 5-TEST 4 静态– table (20) Cambridge IELTS 6-TEST 1 动态– line + table (21) Cambridge IELTS 6-TEST 2 动态– table (22) Cambridge IELTS 6-TEST 3 flow chart (23)Cambridge IELTS 6-TEST 4 动态- bar (24)Cambridge IELTS 7-TEST 1 静态– table (25)Cambridge IELTS 7-TEST 2 动态– line (26)Cambridge IELTS 7-TEST 3 动态– bar (27)Cambridge IELTS 7-TEST 4 动态– pie (28)Cambridge IELTS 8-TEST 1 静态– pie + table (29)Cambridge IELTS 8-TEST 2 动态– pie (30)Cambridge IELTS 8-TEST 3 flow chart (31)Cambridge IELTS 8-TEST 4 动态– line (32)Cambridge IELTS 9-TEST 1 map (33)Cambridge IELTS 9-TEST 2 动态– bar (34)Cambridge IELTS 9-TEST 3 动态– pie (35)Cambridge IELTS 9-TEST 4 动态- line (36)Cambridge IELTS 10-TEST 1 静态– pie (37)Cambridge IELTS 10-TEST 2 动态– table (38)Cambridge IELTS 10-TEST 3 静态– bar (39)Cambridge IELTS 10-TEST 4 flow chart (40)Cambridge IELTS 11-TEST 1 静态– pie (41)Cambridge IELTS 11-TEST 2 动态– pie (42)Cambridge IELTS 11-TEST 3 动态– line (43)Cambridge IELTS 11-TEST 4 动态– table + pie (44)Cambridge IELTS 12 -TEST 5 静态– bar (45)Cambridge IELTS 12 -TEST 6 map (47)Cambridge IELTS 12 -TEST 7 动态– bar (48)Cambridge IELTS 12 -TEST 8 flow chart (49)Cambridge IELTS 1-Test 1 静态- bar+pieYou should spend about 20 minutes on this task.The charts below show the results of a survey of adult education. The first chart shows the reasons why adults decide to study. The pie chart shows how people think the costs of adulteducation should be shared.Write a report for a university lecturer, describing the information shown below. You should write at least 150 words.Cambridge IELTS 1-Test 2 flow chartYou should spend about 20 minutes on this task.The diagram below shows how the Australian Bureau of Meteorology collectsup-to-the-minute information on the weather in order to produce reliable forecasts. Write a report for a university lecturer describing the information shown below. You should write at least 150 words.Cambridge IELTS 1-TEST 3 静+动bar+lineYou should spend about 20 minutes on this taskThe chart below shows the amount of money per week spent on fast foods in Britain. The graph shows the trends in consumption of fast foods.Write a report for a university lecturer describing the information shown below. You should write at least 150 words.Cambridge IELTS 1-TEST 4 mapYou should spend about 20 minutes on this task.Chorleywood is a village near London whose population has increased steadily since the middle of the nineteenth century. The map below shows the development of the village.Write a report for a university lecturer describing the development of the village. You should write at least 150 words.Cambridge IELTS 2-TEST 1 动态– tableYou should spend about 20 minutes on this task.The table below shows the consumer durables (telephone, refrigerator, etc.) owned in Britain from 1972 to 1983.Write a report for a university lecturer describing the information shown below. You should write at least 150 words.。
剑桥雅思类大作文题目集合
C a m b r i d g e I E L T S 4 TEST 1:Compare the advantages and disadvantages of three of the following as media for communicating information. State which you consider to be is the most effective. Comics, books, radio, television, film, theatreCambridge IELTS 4TEST 2:Happiness is considered very important in life.Why is it difficult to define?What factors are important in achieving happiness?Cambridge IELTS 4TEST 3:Creative artists should always be given the freedom to express their own ideas (in words, pictures, music or film) in whichever way they wish. There should be government restrictions on what they do.To what extent do you agree or disagree with this opinion?Cambridge IELTS 4TEST 4:In many countries schools have severe problems with student behavior.What do you think are the causes of this?What solutions can you suggest?Cambridge IELTS 5TEST 1:Universities should accept equal numbers of male and female students in every subject.To what extent do you agree or disagree?Cambridge IELTS 5TEST 2:In some countries young people are encouraged to work or travel for a year between finishing high school and starting university studies.Discuss the advantages and disadvantages for young people who decide to do this. Cambridge IELTS 5TEST 3:Some people think that a sense of competition in children should be encouraged. Others believe that children who are taught to co-operate rather than compete become more useful adults.Discuss both these views and give your own opinion.Cambridge IELTS 5TEST 4:Research indicates that the characteristics we are born with have much more influence on our personality and development than any experiences we may have in our life.Which do you consider to be the major influence?Cambridge IELTS 6TEST 1:Today, the high sales of popular consumer goods reflect the power of advertising and not the real needs of society in which they are sold.To what extent do you agree or disagree?Cambridge IELTS 6TEST 2:Successful sports professionals can earn a great deal more money than people in other important professions.Some people think this is fully justified while others think it is unfair.Discuss both these views and give your own opinion.Cambridge IELTS 6TEST 3:Some people believe that visitors to other countries should follow local customs and behaviors. Others disagree and think that the host country should welcome cultural differences.Discuss both these views and give your own opinion.Cambridge IELTS 6TEST 4:Some people prefer to spend their lives doing the same things and avoiding change. Others, however, think that change is always a good thing.Discuss both these views and give your own opinion.Cambridge IELTS 7TEST 1:It is generally believed that some people are born with certain talents, for instancefor sport or music, and others are not. However, it is sometimes claimed that any child can be taught to become a good sports person or musician. Discuss both these views and give your own opinion.Cambridge IELTS 7TEST 2:Some people believe that there should be fixed punishments for each type of crime. Others, however, argue that the circumstances of an individual crime, and the motivation for committing it, should always be taken into account when deciding on the punishment. Discuss both these views and give your own opinion.Cambridge IELTS 7TEST 3:As most people spend a major part of their adult life at work, job satisfaction is an important element of individual well-being. What factors contribute to job satisfaction? How realistic is the expectation of job satisfaction for all workers?Cambridge IELTS 7TEST 4:Some people think that universities should provide graduates with the knowledge and skills needed in the workplace. Others think that the true function of a university should be to give access to knowledge for its own sake, regardless of whether the course is useful to an employer. What, in your opinion, should be the main function of a university? Cambridge IELTS 8TEST 1:Some people think that parents should teach children how to be good members of society. Others, however, believe that school is the place to learn this. Discuss both these views and give your own opinion. Cambridge IELTS 8TEST 2:Nowadays the way many people interact with each other has changed because of technology. In what ways has technology affected the types of relationships people make? Has this become a positive or negative development?Cambridge IELTS 8TEST 3:Increasing the price of petrol is the best way to solve growing traffic and pollution problems. To what extent do you agree or disagree? What other measures do you think might be effective?Cambridge IELTS 8TEST 4:In some countries the average weight of people is increasing and their levels of health and fitness are decreasing. What do you think are the causes of these problems and what measures could be taken to solve them?Cambridge IELTS 9TEST 1:Some experts believe that it is better for children to begin learning a foreign language at primary school rather than secondary school.Do the advantages of this outweigh the disadvantages?Cambridge IELTS 9TEST 2:Some people believe that unpaid community service should be a compulsory part of high school programmes (for example working for a charity, improving the neighborhood or teaching sports to younger children.).To what extent do you agree or disagree?Cambridge IELTS 9TEST 3:Some people say that the best way to improve public health is by increasing the number of sports facilities. Others, however, say that this would have little effect on public health and that other measures are required.Discuss both these views and give your own opinion.Cambridge IELTS 9TEST 4:Every year several languages die out. Some people think that this is not important because life will be easier if there are fewer languages in the world.To what extent do you agree or disagree with this opinion?。
剑桥雅思真题大作文题目分类总结（4-8）（共5篇）
剑桥雅思真题大作文题目分类总结（4-8）（共5篇）第一篇：剑桥雅思真题大作文题目分类总结(4-8)剑桥雅思真题大作文题目分类总结（4-8）Type 1：……→opinionQ: To what extent do you agree or disagree with the point of the view? Cambridge IELTS 4TEST 3:Creative artists should always be given the freedom to express their own ideas(in words, pictures, music or film)in whichever way they wish.There should be government restrictions on what they do.Cambridge IELTS 5TEST 1:Universities should accept equal numbers of male and female students in every subject.Cambridge IELTS 6TEST 1:Today, the high sales of popular consumer goods reflect the power of advertising and not the real needs of society in which they are sold.Cambridge IELTS 8TEST 3:Increasing the price of petrol is the best way to solve growing traffic and pollution problems.What other measures do you think might be effective?Type 2：……→factQ: Is it positive or negative to society?NoneType 3：……→opinion/factQ: what’s your opinion?Cambridge IELTS 5TEST 4:Research indicates that the characteristics we are born with have much more influence on our personality and development than any experiences we may have in our life.TEST 4: Some people think that universities should provide graduates with the knowledge and skills needed in the workplace.Others think that the true function of a university should be to give access to knowledge for its own sake, regardless of whether theType 4：……→factQ: Do you think advantages over disadvantages?Cambridge IELTS 4TEST 1:of three of the following as media for communicating information.State which you consider to be is the most ics, books, radio, television, film, theatre Cambridge IELTS 5TEST 2:In some countries young people are encouraged to work or travel for a year between finishing high school and starting university studies.(此题双方都要讨论，advantages和disadvantages比重一样)Type 5：Some people think that…….But others think that…….Q: Discuss the both sides and give your own opinion?Cambridge IELTS 5TEST 3:Some people think that a sense of competition in children should be encouraged.Others believe that children who are taught to co-operate rather than compete become more useful adults.Cambridge IELTS 6TEST 2:Successful sports professionals can earn a great deal more money than people in other important professions.Some people think this is fully justified while others think it is unfair.TEST 3: Some people believe that visitors to other countries should follow local customs and behaviors.Others disagree and think that the host country should welcome cultural differences.Cambridge IELTS 6TEST 4:Some people prefer to spend their lives doing the same things and avoiding change.Others, however, think that change is always a good thing.Cambridge IELTS 7TEST 1:It is generally believed that some people are born with certain talents, for instance for sport or music, and others are not.However, it is sometimes claimed that any child can be taught to become a good sports person or musician.Cambridge IELTS 7 TEST 2:Some people believe that there should be fixed punishments for each type of crime.Others, however, argue that the circumstances of an individual crime, and the motivation for committing it, should always be taken into account when deciding on the punishment.Cambridge IELTS 8TEST 1:Some people think that parents should teach children how to be good members of society.Others, however, believe that school is the place to learn this.Type 6：……→fact→problem 类型1.Fact+ reason+ solutions Cambridge IELTS 4TEST 4: In many countries schools have severe problems with student behavior.Cambridge IELTS 8TEST 4:In some countries the average weight of people is increasing and their levels of health and fitness are decreasing.2.Fact+ problems(即由fact带来的消极影响)+solutionsNone3.Fact+ reasons+ influences(不是建议，而是对fact进行正负评价)Cambridge IELTS 8TEST 2:Nowadays the way many people interact with each other has changed because of technology.4.Fact + reasons+ importance(讨论fact的积极影响)Cambridge IELTS 4TEST 2:Happiness is considered very important in life.Cambridge IELTS 7TEST 3:As most people spend a major part of their adult life at work, job satisfaction is an important element of individual well-being. 第二篇：剑桥雅思真题小作文题目分类总结(4-8)题型1——Table（表格）Cambridge IELTS 4 TEST 1: The table below shows the proportion of different categories of families living in poverty in Australia in 1999.Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.Cambridge IELTS 5 TEST 4: The table below gives information about the underground railway systems in six cities.Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.Cambridge IELTS 6 TEST 2: The table below gives information about changesin modes of travel in England between 1985 and 2000.Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.Cambridge IELTS 7TEST 1:The table below gives information on consumer spending on different items in five different countries in 2002.Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.题型2——Line Graph（线性图）Cambridge IELTS 5 TEST 1: The graph blew shows the proportion of the population aged 65 and over between 1940 and 2040 in three different countries.Summaries the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.Cambridge IELTS 7 TEST 2: The pargh below shows the consumption of fish and some different kinds of meat in European country between 1979 and 2004.Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.Cambridge IELTS 8 TEST 4: The graph below shows the quantities of goods transport in the UK between 1974 and 2002 by four different modes of transport.Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features and make comparisons where relevant.题型3——Bar Chart（条形图/柱状图）Cambridge IELTS 4 TEST 3: The chart below shows the different levels of post-school qualifications in Australia and the proportion of men and women who held them in 1999.Summaries the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.Cambridge IELTS 5 TEST 2: The charts below show the main reasons for study among students of different age groups and amount of support they received from employers.Summarise the information bycomparisons where relevant.Cambridge IELTS 6 TEST 4: The charts below give information about USA marriage and divorce rates between 1970 and 2000, and the marital status of adult America in two of the years.Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.Cambridge IELTS 7 TEST 3: The chart below shows information about changes in average house prices in five different cities between 1990 and 2002 compared with average house prices in 1989.Summaries the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.题型4——Pie Chart（饼图）Cambridge IELTS 7 TEST 4:The pie charts below show units of electricity production by fuel source in Australia and France in 1980 and 2000.Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.Cambridge IELTS 8 TEST 2: The three pie charts below show the changes in annual spending by a particular UK school in 1981, 1991, and 2001.Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.题型5——混合图Cambridge IELTS 4 TEST 2: The graph blew shows the demand electricity in Engliand during typical days in winter and summer.The pie chart shows how electricity is used in an average English home.Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features and make comparisions where ralevant.Cambridge IELTS 4 TEST 4: The charts below give information about travel to and from the UK, and about the most popular countries from UK residents to visit.Summarise themake comparisons where relevant.Cambridge IELTS 6 TEST 1: The graph and table below give information about water use worldwide and water consumption in two different countries.Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.Cambridge IELTS 8TEST 1:The pie chart below shows the main reasons why agricultural land becomes less productive.The table shows how these causes affected three regions of the world during the 1990s.Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant题型6——Process Diagram（流程图）Cambridge IELTS 6 TEST 3: The diagrams below show the life cycle of the silkworm and the stages in the production of silk cloth.Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.Cambridge IELTS 8 TEST 3:The diagrams below show the stages and equipment used in the cement-making process, and how cement is used to produce concrete for building purpose.Summaries the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.题型7——Map（地图题）Cambridge IELTS 5 TEST 3: The map below is of the town of Garlsdon.A new supermarket(s)is planned for the town.The map shows two possible sites for the supermarket.Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.第三篇：雅思写作真题雅思写作真题范文赏析：满分篇满分的雅思大作文到底有何神奇之处，因为作文要想得满分那是几率非常小的事，下面为大家分享的这篇雅思真题写作范文，既然是满分，那么一定有大家可借鉴之处了原题再现：You should spend about 40 minutes on this task.Write about the following topic:Successful sports professionals can earn a great deal more money than people in other important professions.Some people think this is fully justified while others think it is unfair.Discuss both these views and give your own opinion.Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own knowledge or experience.Write at least 250 words.考官范文：As a result of constant media attention, sports professionals in my country have become stars and celebrities, and those at the top are paid huge salaries.Just like movie stars, they live extravagantlifestyles with huge houses and cars.Many people find their rewards unfair, especially when comparing these super salaries with those of top surgeons or research scientists, or even leading politicians who have the responsibilityof governing the country.However, sports salaries are not determined by considering the contribution to society a person makes, or the level of responsibility he or she holds.Instead, they reflect the public popularity of sport in general and the level of public support that successful stars can generate.So the notion of ‘fairness’ is not the issue.Those who feel that sports stars’ salaries are justified might argue that the number of professionals with real talent are very few, and the money is a recognition of the skills and dedication a person needs to be petition is constant and a player istested every time they perform.in their relatively short career.The pressure from the media is intense and there is little privacy out of the spotlight.So all of thesefactors may justify the huge earnings.Personally, I think that the amount of money such sports stars make is more justified than the huge earnings of movie stars, but at the same time, it indicatesthat our society places more value on sport than on more essential professions and achievements.参考翻译：在媒体不断地推波助澜下，我国的许多职业运动员已成为了明星和名人。
剑雅8test4小作文题目
剑雅8test4小作文题目I have always been fascinated by the beauty of nature. 自然的美丽总是让我着迷。
Whether it’s the sound of birds chirping in the morning or the sight of a vibrant sunset, nature has a way of calming my soul. 无论是早晨鸟儿的啁啾声，还是绚丽的日落景色，都能让我的灵魂平静下来。
I find solace in the simplicity of nature, and I often seek refuge in its peaceful embrace. 我在自然的简单中找到慰藉，经常在它平静的拥抱中寻求庇护。
Nature has a way of reminding me of the beauty of life and the importance of being present in the moment. 自然总是能够提醒我生活的美好，和当下的重要性。
One of my favorite things to do is to go on long hikes in the mountains. 我最喜欢的事情之一就是去山上进行长途徒步旅行。
The feeling of being surrounded by towering trees and breathing in the fresh mountain air is truly invigorating. 被高耸的树木环绕，呼吸新鲜的山间空气的感觉真的是令人振奋的。
I enjoy the challenge of hiking up steep slopes and the sense of accomplishment when I reach the summit. 我喜欢徒步攀登陡峭的山坡的挑战，当我到达山顶时的成就感。
雅思剑桥 4~9 Task2 题目集合
剑桥4~9大作文题目集合Cambridge IELTS 4TEST 1Compare the advantages and disadvantages of three of the following as media for communicating information. State which you consider to be is the most effective. Comics, books, radio, television, film, theatreTEST 2Happiness is considered very important in life.Why is it difficult to define?What factors are important in achieving happiness?TEST 3Creative artists should always be given the freedom to express their own ideas (in words, pictures, music or film) in whichever way they wish. There should be no government restrictions on what they do.To what extent do you agree or disagree with this opinion?TEST 4In many countries schools have severe problems with student behavior.What do you think are the causes of this?What solutions can you suggest?TEST AIn the past, many people had skills such as making their own clothes and doing repairs to things in the house. In many countries, nowadays, skills like these are disappearing. What do you think this change is happening?How far is this situation true in your country?TEST BSome people believe that children should be allowed to stay at home and play until they are six or seven years old. Others believe that it is important for young children to go to school as soon as possible.What do you think are the advantages of attending school from a young age?TEST 1Universities should accept equal numbers of male and female students in every subject. To what extent do you agree or disagree?TEST 2In some countries young people are encouraged to work or travel for a year between finishing high school and starting university studies.Discuss the advantages and disadvantages for young people who decide to do this.TEST 3Some people think that a sense of competition in children should be encouraged. Others believe that children who are taught to co-operate rather than compete become more useful adults.Discuss both these views and give your own opinion.TEST 4Research indicates that the characteristics we are born with have much more influence on our personality and development than any experiences we may have in our life.Which do you consider to be the major influence?TEST ASome people believe that children are given too much free time. They feel that this time should be used to do more school work.How do you think children should spend their free time?TEST BNowadays we are producing more and more rubbish.Why do you think this is happening?What can governments do to help reduce the amount of rubbish produced?TEST 1Today, the high sales of popular consumer goods reflect the power of advertising and not the real needs of society in which they are sold.To what extent do you agree or disagree?TEST 2Successful sports professionals can earn a great deal more money than people in other important professions.Some people think this is fully justified while others think it is unfair.Discuss both these views and give your own opinion.TEST 3Some people believe that visitors to other countries should follow local customs and behaviors. Others disagree and think that the host country should welcome cultural differences.Discuss both these views and give your own opinion.TEST 4Some people prefer to spend their lives doing the same things and avoiding change. Others, however, think that change is always a good thing.Discuss both these views and give your own opinion.TEST ASome people think it would be a good idea for schools to teach every young person how to be a good parent.Do you agree or disagree with this opinion? Describe the skills a person needs to be a good parent.TEST BUsing a computer every day can have more negative than positive effects on young children.Do you agree or disagree?TEST 1It is generally believed that some people are born with certain talents, for instance for sport or music, and others are not. However, it is sometimes claimed that any child can be taught to become a good sports person or musician.Discuss both these views and give your own opinion.TEST 2Some people believe that there should be fixed punishments for each type of crime. Others, however, argue that the circumstances of an individual crime, and the motivation for committing it, should always be taken into account when deciding on the punishment. Discuss both these views and give your own opinion.TEST 3As most people spend a major part of their adult life at work, job satisfaction is an important element of individual well-being.What factors contribute to job satisfaction? How realistic is the expectation of job satisfaction for all workers?TEST 4Some people think that universities should provide graduates with the knowledge and skills needed in the workplace. Others think that the true function of a university should be to give access to knowledge for its own sake, regardless of whether the course is useful to an employer. What, in your opinion, should be the main function of a university?TEST ASome people prefer to live in a house, while others feel that there are more advantages to living in an apartment.Are there more advantages than disadvantages of living in a house compared with living in an apartment?TEST BSome people feel that entertainers(e.g. film stars, pop musicians or sports stars) are paid too much money.Do you agree or disagree? Which other types of job should be highly paid?TEST 1Some people think that parents should teach children how to be good members of society. Others, however, believe that school is the place to learn this.Discuss both these views and give your own opinion.TEST 2Nowadays the way many people interact with each other has changed because of technology.In what ways has technology affected the types of relationships people make? Has this become a positive or negative development?TEST 3Increasing the price of petrol is the best way to solve growing traffic and pollution problems.To what extent do you agree or disagree?What other measures do you think might be effective?TEST 4In some countries the average weight of people is increasing and their levels of health and fitness are decreasing.What do you think are the causes of these problems and what measures could be taken to solve them?TEST AToday more people are travelling than ever before.Why is the case?What are the benefits of travelling for the traveler?TEST BSome people think that it is better to educate boys and girls in separate schools. Others, however, believe that boys and girls benefit more from attending mixed schools. Discuss both these views and give your own opinion.Cambridge IELTS 9TEST 1Some experts believe that it is better for children to begin learning a foreign language at primary school rather than secondary school.Do the advantages of this outweigh the disadvantages?TEST 2Some people believe that unpaid community service should be a compulsory part of high school programmes (for example working for a charity, improving the neighborhood or teaching sports to younger children )To what extent do you agree or disagree?TEST 3Some people say that the best way to improve public health is by increasing the number of sports facilities. Others, however, say that this would have little effects on public health and that other measures are required.Discuss both views and give your own opinion.TEST 4Every year several languages die out. Some people think that this is not important because life will be easier if there are fewer languages in the world.To what extent do you agree or disagree with this opinion?TEST ABeing a celebrity ---such as a famous film star or sports personality---brings problems as well as benefits.Do you think that being a celebrity brings more benefits or more problems?TEST BSome people think that the teenage years are the happiest times of most people’s lives. Others think that adult life brings more happiness, in spite of greater responsibilities. Discuss both these views and give your own opinion.。
剑8test4小作文范文
剑8test4小作文范文英文回答：In my opinion, learning a second language is extremely beneficial for several reasons. Firstly, it broadens our horizons and allows us to connect with people fromdifferent cultures and backgrounds. For example, when I traveled to France last year, my ability to speak French helped me communicate with the locals and understand their way of life. This enriched my travel experience and allowed me to make meaningful connections with people I wouldn't have been able to otherwise.Secondly, learning a second language enhances our cognitive abilities. Research has shown that bilingual individuals have improved problem-solving skills, better memory retention, and increased multitasking abilities. For instance, a study conducted at the University of Edinburgh found that bilingual individuals were better at solving complex puzzles compared to monolingual individuals. Thisdemonstrates how learning a second language can positively impact our cognitive functioning.Furthermore, being bilingual opens up numerous career opportunities. In today's globalized world, many companies are expanding their operations internationally and are in need of employees who can communicate with clients and colleagues from different countries. For instance, a friend of mine who is fluent in both English and Mandarin was able to secure a job at a multinational company that operates in China. His language skills not only helped him communicate effectively with his Chinese colleagues but also gave him an advantage over other candidates during the hiring process.中文回答：在我看来，学习第二语言有很多好处。
作文范文之雅思小作文历年真题
雅思小作文历年真题【篇一：剑桥雅思4-9小作文题目分类汇总】题型1——table（表格）cambridge ielts 4test 1:the table below shows the proportion of different categories of families living in poverty in australia in 1999.summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and makecomparisons where relevant.test 4:the table below gives information about the underground railway systems in six cities.summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and makecomparisons where relevant.test 2:the table below gives information about changes in modes of travel in england between 1985 and 2000.summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and makecomparisons where relevant.test 1:the table below gives information on consumer spending on different items in five different countries in 2002.summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and makecomparisons where relevant.题型2——line graph（线性图）cambridge ielts 5test 1:the graph blew shows the proportion of the population aged 65 and over between 1940 and 2040 in three different countries. summaries the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.【篇二：2016年11月26日雅思小作文范文真题】task：the diagrams below show the amount of energy lost in 100 units when it is generated from black coal and when it is generated from brown coal.sample answer：the diagrams present how 100 units of energy lost when it is produced from black coal and brown coal.it can be seen from the first diagram that in the beginning black coal that can generate 100 units of energy is transported to the power station where electricity is produced. during the process, 68 units is lost so only 32 units of energy remains. before consumers get the energy from black coal, the loss of another 3 units occurs as it is distributed and transmitted.referring to brown coal, when it is used in the electricity generation, more units was lost (73 units) while the amount of energy lose in the stage of distribution and transmission is the same as that in black coal. finally, the remaining 24 units of energy is gained by people.in conclusion, it is noticeable that less energy can be available for consumers if brown coal is applied to generate electricity. (156 words)2016年11月26日小作文范文真题【篇三：雅思作文题目汇总】一、教育1、教育应该包括哪些内容？母题：it is generally believed that education is of vital importance to the development of individuals and the well-being of societies. what should education consist of to fulfil both these functions? (050312)提示：本题围绕教育的两大功能来展开（个人与社会），准备好这篇文章，即可应付教育类话题中的最大分支—教育的功能，做到以不变应万变。
雅思阅读真题剑桥系列4-8词汇
DAY 1education 教育aspect 方面community 社区、社会reflect 反映、表现attitude 态度、看法unspoken 未说出口的、没人理睬的belief 信仰、信念custom 风俗curriculum 课程assessment 评价、评估expectation 期待、期望behave 做出行为-动词behavior 行为rule 准则、规章cover 覆盖、包含duty 职责、义务conduct 行为、操行virtuous 有道德的proper 适当的、有礼貌的manner 礼貌marry 结婚company 陪伴permit 允许、许可dye 染loiter 闲逛、虚度function 功能、典礼church 教堂regularly 有规律地、有规则地alcohol 酒精、酒Bible《圣经》country school 乡村学校coal 煤bucket 桶sweep 打扫、清扫tidy 整齐的、整洁的despite 虽然、尽管stipulate 规定、保证content 内容arithmetic 算术Christianity 基督教literacy 有文化、有读写能力religious 宗教上的corporal 身体的、肉体的（同义词：physical）stick 棍子strap 皮带naughty 调皮的、顽皮的unruly 不守规矩的、不受约束的schooling 学校教育caretaking 关心、照料DAY 2nevertheless 然而、不过creatively 具有创造性地stimulate 刺激、激励strict 严格的、严谨的protocol草案、协议illegal 非法的、违法的hit 打、打击dismiss 开除、解雇instantly 马上、立刻（同义词：quickly, rapidly, immediately）secular 现世的、非宗教的acceptable 可以接受的、合意的appropriate 适当的sophistication 混合、混乱workplace 工作场所、车间career 职业expand 膨胀、发展challenge 挑战diverse 不同的researcher 研究者cleaner 清洁员societal 社会的fill 填充、填补smack 用掌拍打/击打silence 静、安静method 方法influence 影响discipline 学科、纪律participate 参加、参与achievement 成就similar 相似的lifestyle 生活方式ownership 所有权、拥有权diverse 不同的（同义词：different, various, a variety of, varied, a range of）pupil 小学生consider 考虑length 长度topic 主题inflexible 不灵活的、不能融通的arrangement 安排loose 宽松的、自由的cactus 仙人掌relate 有联系、有关系dry 干燥的（反义词：humid 湿润的、wet 潮湿的）sandy 沙的、沙质的rocky 多岩石的distance 距离tall 高的（反义词：short矮的）across 横向的traditional 传统的（同义词：conventional, conservative, orthodox）DAY 3hunter 猎人harsh 荒无人烟的material 材料、原料、物资possessions 财产（动词形式：possess 拥有、占有、持有）unemployment 失业poverty 贫穷、贫困alcoholism 酗酒tribe 部落、部族disappear 消失、不见lifestyle 生活方式attractive 具有吸引力的outsider 外界的人crop 农作物、庄稼originate 起源、来自（衍生词：origin 起因、原有、起源-名词，original 最初的、原始的、独创的-形容词）staple 主要的garlic 大蒜ginger 生姜headache 头痛toothache 牙痛magnolia 玉兰类植物cancer 癌症cure 治愈disease 疾病hunger 饥饿、渴望famine 饥荒starving 饥饿（但形容饥饿的程度比较深，都快要饿死了）survive 生存、存活strength 力量、力气energy 能量、活力normal 正常的、常态的chemical 化学的；化学制品、化学药品scientist 科学家（衍生词：science 科学）discover 发现、发觉（衍生词：discovery 发现）contain 包含、包括（同义词：involve, include, consist of）substance 物质stomach 胃、胃部brain 大脑heart 心脏lung 肺部kidney 肾full 满的（反义词：empty 空的）pharmaceutical 制药的promising 有希望的、有前途的obesity 肥胖adult 成年人estimate 估计、评估overweight 超重的obese 肥胖的simple 简单的、朴素的nourishing 有营养的DAY 4afford 负担、承担expensive 昂贵的fatty 富含脂肪的slim 苗条的、纤细的healthy 健康的descendant 子孙、后代ready-made 现成的、做好的convenient 便利的、便捷的taste 味道fat 脂肪；肥的、胖的salt 盐solution 解决办法、解决方案ideal 理想的right 权利；正确的secret 秘密；秘密的profit 利润herd 放牧cow 奶牛diet 食物majority 主要、多数（反义词：minority 少数）scarce 匮乏的、稀缺的sort 种类、类别compare 比较desire 渴望overcome 克服、解决ancient 古代的、远古的major 主要的issue 问题appear 出现、看来financial 财政的、金融的spread 传播、蔓延、伸展supply 供给、供应addiction 沉溺、上瘾widespread 分布广泛的、普遍的cruel 残忍的、残酷的unkind 不仁慈的、无情的alive 活着的prickly 多刺的solid 固体powder 粉末maintain 维持、继续drought 干旱tongue 舌头、说话方式well-known 众所周知的、有名的advertisement 广告（衍生词：advertise 做广告、登广告-动词；advertiser 登广告者、广告客户-名词；advertising 广告业、广告-动名词）main 主要的、重要的aim 目的、目标honest （反义词：dishonest 不忠实的、不诚实的-形容词） rarely 很少地、罕见地（衍生词：rare 稀罕的、杰出的）puffery 鼓吹、吹捧worldwide 全世界的DAY 5statement （衍生词：state ）term 学期、条款、术语develop 发展exaggerate 夸张、夸大claim 声称、主张legal 合法的（反义词：illegal 违法的、非法的-形容词）prove 证明、证实licence 执照、许可证lie 说谎vague 含糊的、暧昧的class 把ÿ分类、把ÿ分等级option 选择（衍生词：choice）expression 表达salesperson 售货员、销售员（同义词：seller）evaluation 评价、估计（衍生词：evaluate 评价、评估-动词）product 产品、产物（衍生词：produce 产物、农产品，生产、制造-名词、动词，production 生产、产品）objective 客观的subjective主观的identify 识别、鉴别（衍生词：identity 身份、特性-名词，identification 辨认、鉴定，identifiable 可以识别的、可以鉴别的-形容词，identifiably 可以识别地、可以鉴别地-副词）document 文件、文档（衍生词：documentary 文件的，纪录片-形容词，名词）notion 观念、想法（衍生词：note 注意、记录-名词）caveat 警告、告诫transaction 交易（衍生词：transact 交易、处理-动词）initially 最初、开头（衍生词：initial 最初的、初始的）property 财产、特征deal 交易、生意（衍生词：dealer 生意人）Latin 拉丁语、拉丁语的basically 基本上、主要地（衍生词：basic 基本的-形容词，basis 基础、基本-名词）mean 意思是、意谓responsibility 责任、职责（衍生词：response 响应、反应-名词，respond 回答、响应-动词，responsible 有责任的、负责的-形容词）check 检查、核对payment 报酬、支付（衍生词：pay 支付、给予-名词，payable 可支付的-形容词）defect 过失、缺点（衍生词：defective 有缺陷的）deliberately 蓄意地、故意地（衍生词：deliberate 深思熟虑的、故意的）conceal 隐藏、隐蔽（衍生词：concealment 隐藏、隐蔽-名词）policy 政策、方针proof 证据、校对affect 影响competitor 竞争对手、竞争者（衍生词：compete 竞争、比赛-动词，competition 竞争、比赛-名词）statistics 统计学（衍生词：statistic, statistical 统计的、统计学的-形容词）run 运转、运行（同义词：manage, operate）investigate 调查、研究（衍生词：investigation 调查、研究-名词，investigator 调查人-名词）insurance 保险finance 金融、财政（衍生词：financial 财政的、金融的）service 服务therefore 因此、所以（衍生词：so, thus）careful 小心的、仔细的（衍生词：care 关心、顾虑-动词）factual 事实的、实际的（衍生词：fact 事实、实情-名词）assertion 主张、断言（衍生词：assert 声称、断言-动词）regarding 关于DAY 6quality 品质、质量goods 货物、物品oversee 监视、检查validity 有效性council 理事会、委员会authority 权威、权利overstep 踏过、越过limit 极限、限度raise 提出generate 产生（衍生词：generation 产生、一代-名词）strategy 战略、策略（衍生词：strategic, strategically 战略的、策略的-形容词）superlative 最高的various 不容的、多种多样的（衍生词：variety 品种、种类，vary 改变、变更-动词）specific 具体的（衍生词：specifically 具体地、明确地-副词，specification 详述、规范-名词）concern 关心、关注mislead 误导（衍生词：lead 引导-动词）false 错误的prevent 阻止、预防（衍生词：preventable 可以预防的、可以阻止的-形容词）understandably 可以理解地（衍生词：understand 理解-动词，understandable 可以理解的-形容词）object 反对、抗议（同义词：refuse, refute, argue against）untruthful 不真实的、虚伪的（衍生词：truth 事实、真理-名词，true 真实的、真正的-形容词，truthful 诚实的-形容词）unfair 不公平的（衍生词：fair 公平的-形容词）advantage 优势、优点（反义词：disadvantage 略势、缺点-名词）court 法院、法庭、球场clarify 澄清、阐明（衍生词：clarification 澄清-名词）boundary 边界、分界线acceptable 可以接受的（衍生词：accept 接受-名词）best-loved 最喜爱的favorite 喜欢的人、物或事情brand 牌子make 品牌similarly 相似地、相似的是（衍生词：similar 相似的-形容词）expect 期待、期望（衍生词：expectation 期望、期待-名词）expectable 预料中的-形容词，unexpectable 无法预料的-形容词boast 自夸consider 考虑、照顾considerate 考虑周到的-形容词，considerable 值得考虑的，相当多的-形容词，consideration 考虑-名词deceptive 带有欺骗性的deception欺骗-名词primary 初级的、主要的inform 告知monitor 监督、监管ensure 确保、保证argue 争论、辩论technique 技术、技巧、手段technical 技术的、技巧的-形容词，technician 技师、技术员DAY 7otherwise 另外、否则unnoticed 被忽视的、未被注意到的notice 注意、观察-动词，noticeable 显而易见的-形容词，unnoticeable 不明显的-形容词crowded 拥挤的、塞满的crowd 拥挤、塞满-动词aspect 方面relatively 相对地relative 相关的、相对的-形容词，relate 联系-动词harmless 无害的harm 损害、伤害-名词，harmful 有害的、伤害的-形容词integral 完整的、整体的integrate 整合、结合-动词，integration 联合、结合-名词detect 发觉、探测detective 察觉的、侦探的-形容词delight 高兴、欣喜delightful 高兴的、欣喜的、令人愉快的-形容词discount 折扣fee 费、费用description 描述、记叙describe 描述、记叙-动词discussion 讨论discuss 讨论-动词issue 问题comparison 比较compare 比较、对比-动词contrast 对照、对比guilty 内疚的、有罪的guilt 内疚、罪行-名词summary 总结summarize 总结definition 定义define 下定义-动词determine 决定、确定determination 决定、确定-名词chainsaw 链锯recent 最近的、近期的recently 最近地、近期地-副词reality 现实realistic 现实的-形容词realization 意识realize 意识、了解到-动词detailed 详尽的、详细的detail 细节、详情-名词gasoline 汽油同义词petrol 汽油DAY 8own拥有owner 拥有者advantage 优势、优点disadvantage 缺点mobility 灵活机动性specific 具体的specify 详述、说明-动词，specification 详述、规范-名词vital 生死攸关的、重大的affair 事物、事件automobile 汽车（同义词：car, vehicle）relationship 关系、关联love-hate 爱恨的cherish 珍爱、怀抱undeniably 不可否认的convenient （衍生词：convenience）industry 工业、产业、行业commerce 商业（衍生词：commercial 商业的-形容词）prosper （衍生词：prosperous）unfortunately 不幸地fortune 运气、命运-名词，fortunate 幸运的、幸福的-形容词，fortunately 幸运地、幸福地-副词downside 负面、缺点upside 正面、优点pollution 污染manufacture 制造manufacturer 制造商-名词，manufacturing 制造业-名词purpose-build 依某种目的而建造factory 工厂（同义词：plant, mill）entrepreneur 企业家launch 投放、开发、发起admirable 值得赞美的、极美的philosophy 哲理、哲学venture 冒险、风险desire 想往、期望motoring 驾车afford 承担affordable 可承担的、可负担的-形容词，unaffordable 不可承担的、不可负担的-形容词ultra-affordable 最终可以负担的so-called 所谓的determine 决定、确定status 身份、地位comfort 舒适、安慰protection 保护protect 保护-动词，protective 予以保护的、保护的-形容词previous 在前的、早先的DAY 9vehicle 交通工具、车辆two-wheeled 两轮的scooter 小型摩托车three-wheeled 三轮的motorized 机动化的、摩托化的motor 汽车rickshaw 人力车transport 运输potential 潜在的、可能的；潜力、潜能extensive 广泛的、广大的predictable 可预测的predict 预测、预言-动词，unpredictable 不可预测的-形容词explosion 爆发、爆炸inevitable 不可避免的inescapable 不可逃避的unavoidable 不可避免的wisdom 智慧、明智warning 警告、预告consequence 后果massive 大量的compelling 强迫的、引人注目的argument 争论、辩论definite 明确的、一定的connection 关系、连接worsen 恶化、损害worse 更坏的、更恶略的-形容词respectively 各自地、分别地personally 个人地individually 单个地subjectively 主观地critical 批评的、危机的、严重的release 释放dramatically 极大地、引人注目地strikingly 醒目地noticeably 值得注意地remarkably 显著地affect 影响concern 考虑、忧虑stuck 被卡住import 进口export出口approximately 大约地、大概地（同义词：nearly, about, around）dependence 依赖、依靠dependent 依赖的、依靠的-形容词，independence 独立、自主-名词，independent 独立的、自主的-形容词effect 效果、结果uniquely 唯一地、独特地DAY 10solution 解答、解决办法benefit 利益drawback 缺点applaud 称赞、赞同mode 方式、模式descendant 子孙、后代、后裔（同义词offspring）regard 看待、当作original 最初的、原始的（衍生词：origin 起源、根源-名词，originate 起源、发生-动词invention 发明invent 发明、创造-动词percentage 百分比、百分率conventional 习俗的、传统的traditional 传统的orthodox 正统地conservative 保守的elite 精锐、精华crisis 危机unfair 不公平的（衍生词：fair）公平的-形容词）decrease 减少、降低（衍生词：reduce, diminish, cut back, fall, drop）negative 被动的（反义词：positive 主动的）synonym 同义词overcrowding 拥挤的、阻塞的approve 赞成、同意chilling 恐怖的purchaser 消费者purchase 消费-动词，purchasing 消费的-形容词violent 暴力的、强烈的（衍生词：violence 暴力-名词）whereby 凭什么、为何compensation 补偿（衍生词：compensate 偿还、补偿-动词favorable 赞成的、有利的traffic 交通congestion 拥塞（同义词：jam, conjunction, gridlock）cycling 骑脚踏车（衍生词：bicycle 脚踏车，cyclist 骑脚踏车的人）stuck 被粘住的（衍生词：stuck是stick的过去式和过去分词）breathe 呼吸、发出diesel 柴油机、柴油味fume （浓烈或难闻的）烟、气commute （乘坐交通工具）往来college 大学、学院issue 问题；发行despite 不论、尽管flyover过街天桥lane 街道、车道（同义词street, road, avenue, pathway）consideration 考虑、体谅（衍生词：consider 考虑、体谅-动词，considerable 值得考虑的、数量相当大的-形容词，considerate 考虑周到的-形容词）car-friendly 汽车友好型的humble 微贱的、粗陋的restrict 限制Cambridge4 TEST1ignore=pay no attention=not pay any attention=take no notice=not take any notice忽略，无视 v.encounter=face=confront=meet遇见，遭遇v.mistaken view=misconception错误的观点n.easy to reach=accessible容易达到的adj.change=modify(modification) 改变v.destruction=destroy=loss毁坏n.investigate=make inquiries=enquiries=go into=probe=look into 调查v.where=geographical location 表地点important=vital=essential=crucial重要的adj.reason=cause=factor=origins=root=stimulus=impetus原因n.protect=guard=safeguard=shield=conservation保护v.newspapers, television=media媒体n.where to live=habitat居住地n.get warmer=global warming变暖n.contribute to=play a part有助于v.survive=continuing existence幸存，活下来v.curriculum=course=syllabus课程n.link to=be connected with=be linked with把…和…相联系v.underdeveloped=degenerated=rudimentary不发达的adj.poor=bad=badly=not very good=no good at something=weak贫穷的，可怜的adj.exceptional=good=excellent=outstanding=brilliant=impressive=admirable超常的，例外的adj. mating=courtship交配.follow=track=tail=shadow=hound=stalk=stalker跟随，跟踪v.good vision ability=vision is obviously more usefulÿ好的视力best=well=greatest=finest=ideal=top=number one=ultimate=optimum=definitive=unsurpassed=record-breaking极好的adj.surprised=amazed=astonished=astounded=be taken aback=startled感到惊讶的adj.volunteer=subject实验研究对象n.similar=resemble=like=alike相似的adj.blind=can not see瞎的adj.Cambridge4 TEST2initiative=on your own/by yourself=independently=on your own initiative=under your own steam=to be the person who starts something=plan=law主动的，自发的adj. 主动权n. increase=go up=rise=grow=climb=gain=escalate=pick up=widen=be on theincrease=intensify=expand=build up上升，增加v.teach=educate=train=coach=instruct=bring up教学v.more than one language=bilingual=sb's second language多种语言n.determine=establish=identify=pinpoint=diagnose 决定v.young people=teenager=youth=in your teens=adolescent=minor年轻人n.community=all the people in a particular area, city, country etc.群体，团体，社区n. traditional=old-fashioned=outdated=outmoded=unfashionable传统的adj.fail=failure=not succeed=unsuccessful=vain=fruitless=unproductive=be a failure=go wrong=not work=do no good=fall through失败v.endanger=to put someone or something in danger of being hurt=damaged=destroyed危及，使危险v.diverse=varied=variety=wide-ranging=mixed各种各样的adj.inevitable=certain to happen and impossible to avoid不可避免的adj.differ from=unusual与ÿ不同v.reluctant=unwilling=not willing=drag your feet=be loath to do something=conservative勉强的adj.consult=ask somebody's advice=seek advice=get/obtain advice资询v.alternative=another=other=different=new=else=variation=variant另一个therapist=someone who has been trained to give a particular form of treatment for physical or mental illness临床医学家n.retrain=taking courses再教育v.salary=pay=wage=income=earnings=fee工资，收入n.long-term=chronic=long-running=long-standing=lasting=lifelong=prolonged=lingering=enduring=abiding=incurable长期的adj.complaint=complain=make a complaint=protest=object=complain抱怨n.illness=disease=virus=bug=infection疾病 n.connection=relationship=link=correlation联系 n.beneficial=be good for you/ do somebody good=wholesome=nutritious=nourishing=healthful有益的 adj.insight=comprehension=understanding理解，见解 n.physical=relating to the body=bodily身体的 adj.hazard=risk=danger=threat障碍，危险n.accompany=with=together=along with=come wit陪伴,伴随mental=relating to the health or state of someone's mind精神上的，心理的 adj.possible=possibility=can=potential=there is a chance/possibility可能的adj.reduction=decrease=drop=fall=cut 减少 n.class=type=kind=sort=style=category=variety种类n.rehearsal=practice=training=run-through=exercise排练，演习 n.peer=your peers are the people who are the same age as you, or who have the same type of job, social class etc同伴 n.defensive=used or intended to protect someone or something against attack 防御n. strategy=way=method=approach=technique=system=tactics 方法，功略n.assist=help=aid=with the aid of帮助 v.specific=give (somebody) more details=expand on=enlarge on=go into more=greater detail=be more specific=be more explicit=elaborate特定的adj.substance=a particular type of solid, liquid, or gas 物质 n.surroundings=environment=circumstance 环境 n.engage=give somebody a job=employ=take on=appoint=recruit=sign up雇佣 v.combine=mix=stir=beat=blend=whisk=dilute联合v.survival=the state of continuing to live or exist幸存n.Cambridge4 TEST3quotation= a sentence or phrase from a book, speech etc which you repeat in a speech or piece of writing because it is interesting or amusing 引言n.exemplify= example=case=instance=to be a very typical example of something=to give an example of something 例证 v.explain=tell=say what/why/where etc=show=demonstrate=go through=throw/shed light on=set out解释v.outline= to describe something in a general way, giving the main points but not the details 概述 v.purpose=aim=point=idea=objective=object=goal= target=end目的 n.encourage=persuade=persuasion=get somebody to do something=influence=encourage=talk somebody into=put somebody up to鼓励 v.loan= an amount of money that you borrow from a bank etc. 贷款 n.poverty= being poor贫穷n.crime= illegal activities in general犯罪 n.reject=to refuse to accept, believe in, or agree with something 拒绝 v.employ=give somebody a job=take on=engage= appoint=recruit=sign up雇佣 v.courier=a person or company that is paid to take packages somewhere快递员 n.storage=keep=store=keep something in storage=preserve 存储n.facility=rooms, equipment, or services that are provided for a particular purpose 设备n.ambitious=ambition=power-hungry/power-mad=competitive= determined to be successful, rich,powerful etc.有志向的，雄心壮志的 adj.effort=to try very hard to do something= attempt=campaign=drive努力 n.feature= a part of something that you notice because it seems important, interesting, or typical；a part of the land, especially a part that you can see: a part of someone's face, such as their eyes, nose etc特点 n.planet= the world=earth/Earth=the globe 地球 n.unpredictable=can't say/tell=unforeseeable=it remains to be seen 无法预测的 adj. machinery=machines, especially large ones= a system or set of processes for doing something=machine=device=robot=appliance=mechanism 机械 n.ultimate=someone's ultimate aim is their main and most important aim, that they hope to achieve in the future= final最终的，根本的 adj.atmosphere= the feeling that an event or place gives you= the mixture of gases that surrounds the Earth气氛; 大气n.occur=happen=take place=there is=come about=come up=turn up=arise=strike发生v.expand= get bigger=grow=swell up=stretch扩张，扩大v.form= type= way something is/appears=shape形式 n.emerge=appear=become visible=come into view/come into sight=come out=reappear 出现 v. emit= to send out gas, heat, light, sound etc 发出，放射 n.situation= circumstances=position=case=plight情况，状况 n.self-conscious=worried and embarrassed about what you look like or what other people think of you自觉的 n.generate= to make someone have a particular feeling= form=produce=create 产生 v.various=there are several different types of that thing=different=a variety of something=differing=varying=an assortment of something=assorted=a mix of something=a mixture of something各种各样的 adj.convenient= a thing or way of doing something that is easy and quick; a time or arrangement that is convenient 方便的 adj.objective=impartial=neutral=not take sides=unbiased=disinterested客观的 adj.enquiry=investigate=make inquiries/enquiries=go into=probe=look into=solve=be under investigation 调查observe=notice=can see/can tell=see=spot=detect=note becomeaware/conscious=catch somebody's eye=perceive观察 v.comment=remark=thing to say=point=statement= announcement=declaration=observation评论include=consist of=comprise=be composed of= be made up of包含，包括 v.focus on=deals only with=concentrate专注于 v.affect=have an effect=have an impact=take effect= make a difference=impact影响 v. gained from=come from=be based on=originate= go back to=have its origins in=have its roots in=derive from/be derived from=develop from/evolve from产生于ÿ. V.concern=worry=stress=anxiety=strain= a feeling of worry about something important关心，担心n.Cambridge4 TEST4official=formal=authorized=on (the) record官方的，正式的 adj.athletic=physically strong and good at sport=fit=be in shape=be in good condition运动的adj.intensive=involving a lot of activity, effort, or careful attention in a short period of time=rapid=crash course密集的，加强的 adj.burst=a short sudden effort or increase in activity=burst of anger/enthusiasm/temper etc 爆炸，突发recognize=know=identify=pick out=tell认出，承认v.inadequate=not enough=too little=few=scarce=insufficient=be in short supply=lack of something=be short 不足的 adj.develop=come from=be based on=originate=go back to=have its origins in=have its roots in=derive from=be derived from=be founded on=grow out of=develop from=evolve from发展，生长 v.enable=make something possible=allow=permit=pave the way for=clear the way for使能够 v. predict=anticipate=forecast=foretell=prediction=projected=guess in advance预测 v. specialist=someone who knows a lot about a particular subject, or is very skilled atit=expert专家 n.theoretical=relating to the study of ideas, especially scientific ideas, rather than with practical uses of the ideas or practical experience理论的 adj.basic=fundamental=essential=central=underlying=simple=crude=primitive=rudimentary=unso phisticated=low-tech基本的 adj.nature=plants/animals etc=somebody's character=qualities of something=type自然 n.aim=purpose=point=idea=objective=object=goal=target=end目的 n.translate=change languages=interpret=put something into English/French/Japanese etc翻译v.ancient=belonging to a time long ago in history, especially thousands of years ago 古老的 adj.realistic=when pictures, films etc make things seem real=lifelike=realism=true tolife=vivid实际的，现实的field=area=branch=world=domain=realm=sphere领域 n.document=a piece of paper that has official information on it；a piece of written work that is stored on a computer文件 n.equal=the same in number, amount, level etc as something else平等的 adj.influence=effect=side effect=impact=what something does to=the implications 影响 n. behavior=manner=conduct=behave=well-behaved=good=be on your best=stay out of trouble行为 n.compare=to examine or judge two or more things in order to show how they are similar to or different from each other=liken=make a comparison=draw an analogy=draw aparallel=contrast 比较 v.economically=in a way that is related to systems of money, trade, or business经济上地 adv. establish=determine=identify=pinpoint=diagnose=to start a new business or organization.建立新的生意/组织 v.sustainable=able to continue without causing damage to the environment; able to continue for a long time可持续的 adj.realize=know=be/become aware=can tell=appreciate=be conscious=know perfectlywell=know/learn from experience意识到 v.limit=restrict=set/impose/put a limit=keep to/keep within=confine=fix 限制produce=form=create=generate生产 v.guarantee=promise=assure=give somebody your word=swear=vow=commit to=pledge保证 v. liberty=freedom=a free hand自由 n.independence=self-sufficiency=self-reliance 独立 n.consistent=always behaving in the same way or having the same attitudes, standards etc - usually used to show approval持续的 adj.underestimate=to think or guess that something is smaller, cheaper, easier etc than it really is=to think that someone is not as good, clever, or skilful, as they really are 低估 v.provision=when you provide something that someone needs now or in the future 提供 n.Cambridge5 TEST1produce=develop=manufacture生产 v.central=middle中心的 adj.did not have=without没有 v.bring=confer=award=present=grant=confer=allocate=offer带来 v.time limit=deadline时间限制，期限 n.increase=go up/rise=grow=climb=gain=escalate=expand=pick up=widen=intensify=build up增加assistant=helper=coach 助手 n.immense=big=major=considerable=great=huge/enormous=tremendous=large scale/large-scale巨大的 adj.illustrate=show=be a sign=demonstrate=mean=make clear=reflect=tell=be evidence=reveal 表明，显示 v.quotation=a phrase or sentence that is well-known or often used 引用语 n.predecessor=someone who had your job before you started doing it 前辈，前任n.rival=a person, group, or organization that you compete with in sport, business, a fight etc=competitor 对手，竞争者 n.distraction=something that stops you paying attention to what you are doing分心的事物 n. fault=defect=problem=trouble=flaw=weakness =bug=virus=be something wrong with 错误，缺点cornerstone=basis=foundation=the key 基石n.confer=award=present=grant=allocate 给予 v.stability=the condition of being steady and not changing稳定 n.prevail=win=come out on top=prevail=carry the day流行,获胜v.contract=agreement=understanding=compromise 合约 n.grant=award=present=confer=allocate给予 v.fascinate=if someone or something fascinates you, you are attracted to them and think they are extremely interesting吸引，使着迷 v.disturb=interrupt=bother=distract=put somebody off 打扰 v.expect=think=anticipate预期，期待 v.psychology=the study of the mind and how it influences people's behavior 心理学 n.obey=comply with=abide by=keep to=stick to the rules=conform to=observe=respect=toe the line=go by the book/do something by the book 服从，顺从v.identity=someone's identity is their name or who they are 身份n.severity=used of the degree of something undesirable 严重性 n.unfold=open=happen=develop=expand 展开，发生 v.deliberately=intentionally=on purpose=purposely故意地 adv.moral=relating to the principles of what is right and wrong behavior, and with the difference between good and evil 道德上的，与道德有关的 adj.prior to=before=previous在ÿ前面repetition=doing or saying the same thing many times重复 n.genetic=relating to genes or genetics基因的，遗传学的 adj.sacrifice=when you decide not to have something valuable, in order to get something that is more important牺牲 v.victim=someone who has been attacked, robbed, or murdered受害者 n.forge=form=counterfeit 形成;伪造 v.persuade=convince=win over=talk around 说服 v.surrender=give in 投降，放弃 v.extinct=an extinct type of animal or plant does not exist anymore=disappear=vanish灭绝的，绝种的 adj.abundant=plenty=ample 充裕的，丰富的 adj.exaggerate=overstate夸张，夸大 v.phenomenon=something that happens or exists in society, science, or nature, especially something that is studied because it is difficult to understand 现象 n.perception=idea=notion=view=belief=insight 认识，观念，看法 n.impression=infection=effect=influence=affection印象，感想 n.entitle=to give someone the official right to do or have something 使某人有权利/资格 v. distortion=a change for the worse=deformation扭曲，曲解 v.dispose=to arrange things or put them in their places=arrange=settle=manage=cope with=deal with 安排，处理 v.intuition=the ability to understand or know something because of a feeling rather than by considering the facts=instinct 直觉 n.emission=a gas or other substance that is sent into the air排放物，散发物n.diminish=reduce=decrease=fall=lessen=cut 减少，减小v.postpone=put back=delay=adjourn 延期，推迟 v.crucial=important=critical=vital=necessary=essential 至关重要的 adj.pessimistic=expecting that bad things will happen in the future or that something will have a bad result=getting worse悲观的 adj.attempt=purpose=order=effort 尝试，努力Cambridge5 TEST2similar=like=resemble相似的 adj.derive=originate=come from=stem from起源 v.impetus=momentum=stimulus=incentive=motivation=encouragement 动机，动力 n.generate=produce=bring into existence=make=manufacture产生 v.couple with=and=accompany=with 伴随 v.factor=reason=element=component=ingredient 因素 n.unique=have the distinction=distinct=different=extraordinary=special独特的 adj. advance=progress=development=growth=increase进步 n.field=domain=territory=industry=sector领域 n.alternative=substitute=replacement替代物 n.like=such as=for example=for instance 例如resource=material=source资源，来源 n.limited=restricted=exhaustible=finite有限的adj.$㸁D㸁F㸁°䨁Ð䨁Ò䨁D吁d吁f吁N崁n崁6䘀6昀6稀6阀6刀>刀\刀t刀.挀°挀ª搀X攀¾攀:昀n昀&最¦最*栀èinvolve=rely on=contain=comprise 包含，牵涉 v.current=modern=recent=present最近的adj.particular=extraordinary=special=detail=specific=unique特别的，独有的adj.draw on=absorb=do with吸收 v.settle on=make choice of=decide on选定 v.superiority=advantage=edge=high quality优势 n.accompany=when=keep company=be associated with 陪伴，伴随v.view=belief=opinion=insight=perception 观点 n.artificial intelligence=reasoning in machine人工智能 n.involve with=associate with=link to=relate to与ÿ有关联 v.release=issue=launch=convey=public=deliver 发行，发表v.。
雅思阅读真题剑桥系列4-8词汇
雅思阅读真题剑桥系列4-8词汇-CAL-FENGHAI-(2020YEAR-YICAI)_JINGBIANDAY 1education 教育aspect 方面community 社区、社会reflect 反映、表现attitude 态度、看法unspoken 未说出口的、没人理睬的belief 信仰、信念custom 风俗curriculum 课程assessment 评价、评估expectation 期待、期望behave 做出行为-动词behavior 行为rule 准则、规章cover 覆盖、包含duty 职责、义务conduct 行为、操行virtuous 有道德的proper 适当的、有礼貌的manner 礼貌marry 结婚company 陪伴permit 允许、许可dye 染loiter 闲逛、虚度function 功能、典礼church 教堂regularly 有规律地、有规则地alcohol 酒精、酒Bible《圣经》country school 乡村学校coal 煤bucket 桶sweep 打扫、清扫tidy 整齐的、整洁的despite 虽然、尽管stipulate 规定、保证content 内容arithmetic 算术Christianity 基督教literacy 有文化、有读写能力religious 宗教上的corporal 身体的、肉体的（同义词：physical）stick 棍子strap 皮带naughty 调皮的、顽皮的unruly 不守规矩的、不受约束的schooling 学校教育engage 从事caretaking 关心、照料DAY 2nevertheless 然而、不过creatively 具有创造性地stimulate 刺激、激励strict 严格的、严谨的protocol草案、协议illegal 非法的、违法的hit 打、打击dismiss 开除、解雇instantly 马上、立刻（同义词：quickly, rapidly, immediately）secular 现世的、非宗教的acceptable 可以接受的、合意的appropriate 适当的sophistication 混合、混乱workplace 工作场所、车间career 职业expand 膨胀、发展challenge 挑战diverse 不同的researcher 研究者cleaner 清洁员societal 社会的fill 填充、填补smack 用掌拍打/击打silence 静、安静method 方法influence 影响discipline 学科、纪律participate 参加、参与achievement 成就similar 相似的lifestyle 生活方式ownership 所有权、拥有权diverse 不同的（同义词：different, various, a variety of, varied, a range of）pupil 小学生consider 考虑length 长度topic 主题inflexible 不灵活的、不能融通的arrangement 安排loose 宽松的、自由的cactus 仙人掌relate 有联系、有关系dry 干燥的（反义词：humid 湿润的、wet 潮湿的）sandy 沙的、沙质的rocky 多岩石的desert 沙漠distance 距离tall 高的（反义词：short矮的）across 横向的traditional 传统的（同义词：conventional, conservative, orthodox）DAY 3hunter 猎人harsh 荒无人烟的material 材料、原料、物资possessions 财产（动词形式：possess 拥有、占有、持有）unemployment 失业poverty 贫穷、贫困alcoholism 酗酒tribe 部落、部族disappear 消失、不见lifestyle 生活方式attractive 具有吸引力的outsider 外界的人crop 农作物、庄稼originate 起源、来自（衍生词：origin 起因、原有、起源-名词，original 最初的、原始的、独创的-形容词）staple 主要的garlic 大蒜ginger 生姜headache 头痛toothache 牙痛magnolia 玉兰类植物cancer 癌症cure 治愈disease 疾病hunger 饥饿、渴望famine 饥荒starving 饥饿（但形容饥饿的程度比较深，都快要饿死了）survive 生存、存活strength 力量、力气energy 能量、活力normal 正常的、常态的chemical 化学的；化学制品、化学药品scientist 科学家（衍生词：science 科学）discover 发现、发觉（衍生词：discovery 发现）contain 包含、包括（同义词：involve, include, consist of）substance 物质stomach 胃、胃部brain 大脑heart 心脏lung 肺部kidney 肾full 满的（反义词：empty 空的）pharmaceutical 制药的promising 有希望的、有前途的obesity 肥胖adult 成年人estimate 估计、评估overweight 超重的obese 肥胖的simple 简单的、朴素的nourishing 有营养的DAY 4afford 负担、承担expensive 昂贵的fatty 富含脂肪的slim 苗条的、纤细的healthy 健康的descendant 子孙、后代ready-made 现成的、做好的convenient 便利的、便捷的taste 味道fat 脂肪；肥的、胖的salt 盐solution 解决办法、解决方案ideal 理想的right 权利；正确的secret 秘密；秘密的profit 利润herd 放牧cow 奶牛diet 食物majority 主要、多数（反义词：minority 少数）scarce 匮乏的、稀缺的sort 种类、类别compare 比较desire 渴望overcome 克服、解决ancient 古代的、远古的major 主要的issue 问题appear 出现、看来financial 财政的、金融的spread 传播、蔓延、伸展supply 供给、供应addiction 沉溺、上瘾widespread 分布广泛的、普遍的cruel 残忍的、残酷的unkind 不仁慈的、无情的alive 活着的prickly 多刺的solid 固体powder 粉末maintain 维持、继续drought 干旱tongue 舌头、说话方式well-known 众所周知的、有名的advertisement 广告（衍生词：advertise 做广告、登广告-动词；advertiser 登广告者、广告客户-名词；advertising 广告业、广告-动名词）main 主要的、重要的aim 目的、目标honest （反义词：dishonest 不忠实的、不诚实的-形容词） rarely 很少地、罕见地（衍生词：rare 稀罕的、杰出的）puffery 鼓吹、吹捧worldwide 全世界的DAY 5statement （衍生词：state ）term 学期、条款、术语develop 发展exaggerate 夸张、夸大claim 声称、主张legal 合法的（反义词：illegal 违法的、非法的-形容词）prove 证明、证实licence 执照、许可证lie 说谎vague 含糊的、暧昧的class 把ÿ分类、把ÿ分等级option 选择（衍生词：choice）expression 表达salesperson 售货员、销售员（同义词：seller）evaluation 评价、估计（衍生词：evaluate 评价、评估-动词）product 产品、产物（衍生词：produce 产物、农产品，生产、制造-名词、动词，production 生产、产品）objective 客观的subjective主观的identify 识别、鉴别（衍生词：identity 身份、特性-名词，identification 辨认、鉴定，identifiable 可以识别的、可以鉴别的-形容词，identifiably 可以识别地、可以鉴别地-副词）document 文件、文档（衍生词：documentary 文件的，纪录片-形容词，名词）notion 观念、想法（衍生词：note 注意、记录-名词）caveat 警告、告诫transaction 交易（衍生词：transact 交易、处理-动词）initially 最初、开头（衍生词：initial 最初的、初始的）property 财产、特征deal 交易、生意（衍生词：dealer 生意人）Latin 拉丁语、拉丁语的basically 基本上、主要地（衍生词：basic 基本的-形容词，basis 基础、基本-名词）mean 意思是、意谓responsibility 责任、职责（衍生词：response 响应、反应-名词，respond 回答、响应-动词，responsible 有责任的、负责的-形容词）check 检查、核对payment 报酬、支付（衍生词：pay 支付、给予-名词，payable 可支付的-形容词）defect 过失、缺点（衍生词：defective 有缺陷的）deliberately 蓄意地、故意地（衍生词：deliberate 深思熟虑的、故意的）conceal 隐藏、隐蔽（衍生词：concealment 隐藏、隐蔽-名词）policy 政策、方针proof 证据、校对affect 影响competitor 竞争对手、竞争者（衍生词：compete 竞争、比赛-动词，competition 竞争、比赛-名词）statistics 统计学（衍生词：statistic, statistical 统计的、统计学的-形容词）run 运转、运行（同义词：manage, operate）investigate 调查、研究（衍生词：investigation 调查、研究-名词，investigator 调查人-名词）insurance 保险finance 金融、财政（衍生词：financial 财政的、金融的）service 服务therefore 因此、所以（衍生词：so, thus）careful 小心的、仔细的（衍生词：care 关心、顾虑-动词）factual 事实的、实际的（衍生词：fact 事实、实情-名词）assertion 主张、断言（衍生词：assert 声称、断言-动词）regarding 关于DAY 6quality 品质、质量goods 货物、物品oversee 监视、检查validity 有效性council 理事会、委员会authority 权威、权利overstep 踏过、越过limit 极限、限度raise 提出generate 产生（衍生词：generation 产生、一代-名词）strategy 战略、策略（衍生词：strategic, strategically 战略的、策略的-形容词）superlative 最高的various 不容的、多种多样的（衍生词：variety 品种、种类，vary 改变、变更-动词）specific 具体的（衍生词：specifically 具体地、明确地-副词，specification 详述、规范-名词）concern 关心、关注mislead 误导（衍生词：lead 引导-动词）false 错误的prevent 阻止、预防（衍生词：preventable 可以预防的、可以阻止的-形容词）understandably 可以理解地（衍生词：understand 理解-动词，understandable 可以理解的-形容词）object 反对、抗议（同义词：refuse, refute, argue against）untruthful 不真实的、虚伪的（衍生词：truth 事实、真理-名词，true 真实的、真正的-形容词，truthful 诚实的-形容词）unfair 不公平的（衍生词：fair 公平的-形容词）advantage 优势、优点（反义词：disadvantage 略势、缺点-名词）court 法院、法庭、球场clarify 澄清、阐明（衍生词：clarification 澄清-名词）boundary 边界、分界线acceptable 可以接受的（衍生词：accept 接受-名词）best-loved 最喜爱的favorite 喜欢的人、物或事情brand 牌子make 品牌similarly 相似地、相似的是（衍生词：similar 相似的-形容词）expect 期待、期望（衍生词：expectation 期望、期待-名词）expectable 预料中的-形容词，unexpectable 无法预料的-形容词boast 自夸consider 考虑、照顾considerate 考虑周到的-形容词，considerable 值得考虑的，相当多的-形容词，consideration 考虑-名词deceptive 带有欺骗性的deception欺骗-名词primary 初级的、主要的inform 告知monitor 监督、监管ensure 确保、保证argue 争论、辩论technique 技术、技巧、手段technical 技术的、技巧的-形容词，technician 技师、技术员DAY 7otherwise 另外、否则unnoticed 被忽视的、未被注意到的notice 注意、观察-动词，noticeable 显而易见的-形容词，unnoticeable 不明显的-形容词crowded 拥挤的、塞满的crowd 拥挤、塞满-动词aspect 方面relatively 相对地relative 相关的、相对的-形容词，relate 联系-动词harmless 无害的harm 损害、伤害-名词，harmful 有害的、伤害的-形容词integral 完整的、整体的integrate 整合、结合-动词，integration 联合、结合-名词detect 发觉、探测detective 察觉的、侦探的-形容词delight 高兴、欣喜delightful 高兴的、欣喜的、令人愉快的-形容词discount 折扣fee 费、费用description 描述、记叙describe 描述、记叙-动词discussion 讨论discuss 讨论-动词issue 问题comparison 比较compare 比较、对比-动词contrast 对照、对比guilty 内疚的、有罪的guilt 内疚、罪行-名词summary 总结summarize 总结definition 定义define 下定义-动词determine 决定、确定determination 决定、确定-名词chainsaw 链锯recent 最近的、近期的recently 最近地、近期地-副词reality 现实realistic 现实的-形容词realization 意识realize 意识、了解到-动词detailed 详尽的、详细的detail 细节、详情-名词gasoline 汽油同义词petrol 汽油DAY 8own拥有owner 拥有者advantage 优势、优点disadvantage 缺点mobility 灵活机动性specific 具体的specify 详述、说明-动词，specification 详述、规范-名词vital 生死攸关的、重大的affair 事物、事件automobile 汽车（同义词：car, vehicle）relationship 关系、关联love-hate 爱恨的cherish 珍爱、怀抱undeniably 不可否认的convenient （衍生词：convenience）industry 工业、产业、行业commerce 商业（衍生词：commercial 商业的-形容词）prosper （衍生词：prosperous）unfortunately 不幸地fortune 运气、命运-名词，fortunate 幸运的、幸福的-形容词，fortunately 幸运地、幸福地-副词downside 负面、缺点upside 正面、优点pollution 污染manufacture 制造manufacturer 制造商-名词，manufacturing 制造业-名词purpose-build 依某种目的而建造factory 工厂（同义词：plant, mill）entrepreneur 企业家launch 投放、开发、发起admirable 值得赞美的、极美的philosophy 哲理、哲学venture 冒险、风险desire 想往、期望motoring 驾车afford 承担affordable 可承担的、可负担的-形容词，unaffordable 不可承担的、不可负担的-形容词ultra-affordable 最终可以负担的so-called 所谓的determine 决定、确定status 身份、地位comfort 舒适、安慰protection 保护protect 保护-动词，protective 予以保护的、保护的-形容词previous 在前的、早先的DAY 9vehicle 交通工具、车辆two-wheeled 两轮的scooter 小型摩托车three-wheeled 三轮的motorized 机动化的、摩托化的motor 汽车rickshaw 人力车transport 运输potential 潜在的、可能的；潜力、潜能extensive 广泛的、广大的predictable 可预测的predict 预测、预言-动词，unpredictable 不可预测的-形容词explosion 爆发、爆炸inevitable 不可避免的inescapable 不可逃避的unavoidable 不可避免的wisdom 智慧、明智warning 警告、预告consequence 后果massive 大量的compelling 强迫的、引人注目的argument 争论、辩论definite 明确的、一定的connection 关系、连接worsen 恶化、损害worse 更坏的、更恶略的-形容词respectively 各自地、分别地personally 个人地individually 单个地subjectively 主观地critical 批评的、危机的、严重的release 释放dramatically 极大地、引人注目地strikingly 醒目地noticeably 值得注意地remarkably 显著地affect 影响concern 考虑、忧虑stuck 被卡住import 进口export出口approximately 大约地、大概地（同义词：nearly, about, around）dependence 依赖、依靠dependent 依赖的、依靠的-形容词，independence 独立、自主-名词，independent 独立的、自主的-形容词effect 效果、结果uniquely 唯一地、独特地DAY 10solution 解答、解决办法benefit 利益drawback 缺点applaud 称赞、赞同mode 方式、模式descendant 子孙、后代、后裔（同义词offspring）regard 看待、当作original 最初的、原始的（衍生词：origin 起源、根源-名词，originate 起源、发生-动词invention 发明invent 发明、创造-动词percentage 百分比、百分率conventional 习俗的、传统的traditional 传统的orthodox 正统地conservative 保守的elite 精锐、精华crisis 危机unfair 不公平的（衍生词：fair）公平的-形容词）decrease 减少、降低（衍生词：reduce, diminish, cut back, fall, drop）negative 被动的（反义词：positive 主动的）synonym 同义词overcrowding 拥挤的、阻塞的approve 赞成、同意chilling 恐怖的purchaser 消费者purchase 消费-动词，purchasing 消费的-形容词violent 暴力的、强烈的（衍生词：violence 暴力-名词）whereby 凭什么、为何compensation 补偿（衍生词：compensate 偿还、补偿-动词favorable 赞成的、有利的traffic 交通congestion 拥塞（同义词：jam, conjunction, gridlock）cycling 骑脚踏车（衍生词：bicycle 脚踏车，cyclist 骑脚踏车的人）stuck 被粘住的（衍生词：stuck是stick的过去式和过去分词）breathe 呼吸、发出diesel 柴油机、柴油味fume （浓烈或难闻的）烟、气commute （乘坐交通工具）往来college 大学、学院issue 问题；发行despite 不论、尽管flyover过街天桥lane 街道、车道（同义词street, road, avenue, pathway）consideration 考虑、体谅（衍生词：consider 考虑、体谅-动词，considerable 值得考虑的、数量相当大的-形容词，considerate 考虑周到的-形容词）car-friendly 汽车友好型的humble 微贱的、粗陋的restrict 限制Cambridge4 TEST1ignore=pay no attention=not pay any attention=take no notice=not take any notice忽略，无视 v.encounter=face=confront=meet遇见，遭遇v.mistaken view=misconception错误的观点n.easy to reach=accessible容易达到的adj.change=modify(modification) 改变v.destruction=destroy=loss毁坏n.investigate=make inquiries=enquiries=go into=probe=look into 调查v.where=geographical location 表地点important=vital=essential=crucial重要的adj.reason=cause=factor=origins=root=stimulus=impetus原因n.protect=guard=safeguard=shield=conservation保护v.newspapers, television=media媒体n.where to live=habitat居住地n.get warmer=global warming变暖n.contribute to=play a part有助于v.survive=continuing existence幸存，活下来v.curriculum=course=syllabus课程n.link to=be connected with=be linked with把…和…相联系v.underdeveloped=degenerated=rudimentary不发达的adj.poor=bad=badly=not very good=no good at something=weak贫穷的，可怜的adj. exceptional=good=excellent=outstanding=brilliant=impressive=admirable超常的，例外的adj.mating=courtship交配.follow=track=tail=shadow=hound=stalk=stalker跟随，跟踪v.good vision ability=vision is obviously more usefulÿ好的视力best=well=greatest=finest=ideal=top=number one=ultimate=optimum=definitive=unsurpassed=record-breaking极好的adj.surprised=amazed=astonished=astounded=be taken aback=startled感到惊讶的adj. volunteer=subject实验研究对象n.similar=resemble=like=alike相似的adj.blind=can not see瞎的adj.Cambridge4 TEST2initiative=on your own/by yourself=independently=on your own initiative=under your own steam=to be the person who starts something=plan=law主动的，自发的adj. 主动权n.increase=go up=rise=grow=climb=gain=escalate=pick up=widen=be on theincrease=intensify=expand=build up上升，增加v.teach=educate=train=coach=instruct=bring up教学v.more than one language=bilingual=sb's second language多种语言n.determine=establish=identify=pinpoint=diagnose 决定v.young people=teenager=youth=in your teens=adolescent=minor年轻人n. community=all the people in a particular area, city, country etc.群体，团体，社区n. traditional=old-fashioned=outdated=outmoded=unfashionable传统的adj.fail=failure=not succeed=unsuccessful=vain=fruitless=unproductive=be a failure=go wrong=not work=do no good=fall through失败v.endanger=to put someone or something in danger of being hurt=damaged=destroyed危及，使危险v.diverse=varied=variety=wide-ranging=mixed各种各样的adj.inevitable=certain to happen and impossible to avoid不可避免的adj.differ from=unusual与ÿ不同v.reluctant=unwilling=not willing=drag your feet=be loath to do something=conservative 勉强的adj.consult=ask somebody's advice=seek advice=get/obtain advice资询v.alternative=another=other=different=new=else=variation=variant另一个therapist=someone who has been trained to give a particular form of treatment for physical or mental illness临床医学家n.retrain=taking courses再教育v.salary=pay=wage=income=earnings=fee工资，收入n.long-term=chronic=long-running=long-standing=lasting=lifelong=prolonged=lingering=enduring=abiding=incurable长期的adj. complaint=complain=make a complaint=protest=object=complain抱怨n.illness=disease=virus=bug=infection疾病 n.connection=relationship=link=correlation联系 n.beneficial=be good for you/ do somebodygood=wholesome=nutritious=nourishing=healthful有益的 adj.insight=comprehension=understanding理解，见解 n.physical=relating to the body=bodily身体的 adj.hazard=risk=danger=threat障碍，危险n.accompany=with=together=along with=come wit陪伴,伴随mental=relating to the health or state of someone's mind精神上的，心理的 adj. possible=possibility=can=potential=there is a chance/possibility可能的adj.reduction=decrease=drop=fall=cut 减少 n.class=type=kind=sort=style=category=variety种类n.rehearsal=practice=training=run-through=exercise排练，演习 n.peer=your peers are the people who are the same age as you, or who have the same type of job, social class etc同伴 n.defensive=used or intended to protect someone or something against attack 防御n. strategy=way=method=approach=technique=system=tactics 方法，功略n.assist=help=aid=with the aid of帮助 v.specific=give (somebody) more details=expand on=enlarge on=go into more=greater detail=be more specific=be more explicit=elaborate特定的adj.substance=a particular type of solid, liquid, or gas 物质 n.surroundings=environment=circumstance 环境 n.engage=give somebody a job=employ=take on=appoint=recruit=sign up雇佣 v. combine=mix=stir=beat=blend=whisk=dilute联合v.survival=the state of continuing to live or exist幸存n.Cambridge4 TEST3quotation= a sentence or phrase from a book, speech etc which you repeat in a speech or piece of writing because it is interesting or amusing 引言n.exemplify= example=case=instance=to be a very typical example of something=to give an example of something 例证 v.explain=tell=say what/why/where etc=show=demonstrate=go through=throw/shed light on=set out解释v.outline= to describe something in a general way, giving the main points but not the details概述 v.purpose=aim=point=idea=objective=object=goal= target=end目的 n.encourage=persuade=persuasion=get somebody to dosomething=influence=encourage=talk somebody into=put somebody up to鼓励 v.loan= an amount of money that you borrow from a bank etc. 贷款 n.poverty= being poor贫穷n.crime= illegal activities in general犯罪 n.reject=to refuse to accept, believe in, or agree with something 拒绝 v.employ=give somebody a job=take on=engage= appoint=recruit=sign up雇佣 v. courier=a person or company that is paid to take packages somewhere快递员 n. storage=keep=store=keep something in storage=preserve 存储n.facility=rooms, equipment, or services that are provided for a particular purpose 设备n. ambitious=ambition=power-hungry/power-mad=competitive= determined to be successful, rich, powerful etc.有志向的，雄心壮志的 adj.effort=to try very hard to do something= attempt=campaign=drive努力 n.feature= a part of something that you notice because it seems important, interesting, or typical；a part of the land, especially a part that you can see: a part of someone's face, such as their eyes, nose etc特点 n.planet= the world=earth/Earth=the globe 地球 n.unpredictable=can't say/tell=unforeseeable=it remains to be seen 无法预测的 adj. machinery=machines, especially large ones= a system or set of processes for doing something=machine=device=robot=appliance=mechanism 机械 n.ultimate=someone's ultimate aim is their main and most important aim, that they hope to achieve in the future= final最终的，根本的 adj.atmosphere= the feeling that an event or place gives you= the mixture of gases that surrounds the Earth气氛; 大气n.occur=happen=take place=there is=come about=come up=turn up=arise=strike发生v. expand= get bigger=grow=swell up=stretch扩张，扩大v.form= type= way something is/appears=shape形式 n.emerge=appear=become visible=come into view/come into sight=come out=reappear 出现 v.emit= to send out gas, heat, light, sound etc 发出，放射 n.situation= circumstances=position=case=plight情况，状况 n.self-conscious=worried and embarrassed about what you look like or what other people think of you自觉的 n.generate= to make someone have a particular feeling= form=produce=create 产生 v. various=there are several different types of that thing=different=a variety of something=differing=varying=an assortment of something=assorted=a mix of something=a mixture of something各种各样的 adj.convenient= a thing or way of doing something that is easy and quick; a time or arrangement that is convenient 方便的 adj.objective=impartial=neutral=not take sides=unbiased=disinterested客观的 adj. enquiry=investigate=make inquiries/enquiries=go into=probe=look into=solve=be under investigation 调查observe=notice=can see/can tell=see=spot=detect=note becomeaware/conscious=catch somebody's eye=perceive观察 v.comment=remark=thing to say=point=statement=announcement=declaration=observation评论include=consist of=comprise=be composed of= be made up of包含，包括 v.focus on=deals only with=concentrate专注于 v.affect=have an effect=have an impact=take effect= make a difference=impact影响 v. gained from=come from=be based on=originate= go back to=have its origins in=have its roots in=derive from/be derived from=develop from/evolve from产生于ÿ. V.concern=worry=stress=anxiety=strain= a feeling of worry about something important关心，担心n.Cambridge4 TEST4official=formal=authorized=on (the) record官方的，正式的 adj.athletic=physically strong and good at sport=fit=be in shape=be in good condition运动的 adj.intensive=involving a lot of activity, effort, or careful attention in a short period oftime=rapid=crash course密集的，加强的 adj.burst=a short sudden effort or increase in activity=burst of anger/enthusiasm/temper etc 爆炸，突发recognize=know=identify=pick out=tell认出，承认v.inadequate=not enough=too little=few=scarce=insufficient=be in short supply=lack of something=be short 不足的 adj.develop=come from=be based on=originate=go back to=have its origins in=have its roots in=derive from=be derived from=be founded on=grow out of=developfrom=evolve from发展，生长 v.enable=make something possible=allow=permit=pave the way for=clear the way for使能够 v.predict=anticipate=forecast=foretell=prediction=projected=guess in advance预测 v. specialist=someone who knows a lot about a particular subject, or is very skilled atit=expert专家 n.theoretical=relating to the study of ideas, especially scientific ideas, rather than with practical uses of the ideas or practical experience理论的 adj.basic=fundamental=essential=central=underlying=simple=crude=primitive=rudimentary =unsophisticated=low-tech基本的 adj.nature=plants/animals etc=somebody's character=qualities of something=type自然 n. aim=purpose=point=idea=objective=object=goal=target=end目的 n.translate=change languages=interpret=put something into English/French/Japanese etc 翻译 v.ancient=belonging to a time long ago in history, especially thousands of years ago 古老的 adj.realistic=when pictures, films etc make things seem real=lifelike=realism=true tolife=vivid实际的，现实的field=area=branch=world=domain=realm=sphere领域 n.document=a piece of paper that has official information on it；a piece of written work that is stored on a computer文件 n.equal=the same in number, amount, level etc as something else平等的 adj.influence=effect=side effect=impact=what something does to=the implications 影响 n. behavior=manner=conduct=behave=well-behaved=good=be on your best=stay out of trouble行为 n.compare=to examine or judge two or more things in order to show how they are similar to or different from each other=liken=make a comparison=draw an analogy=draw a parallel=contrast 比较 v.economically=in a way that is related to systems of money, trade, or business经济上地adv.establish=determine=identify=pinpoint=diagnose=to start a new business or organization.建立新的生意/组织 v.sustainable=able to continue without causing damage to the environment; able to continue for a long time可持续的 adj.realize=know=be/become aware=can tell=appreciate=be conscious=know perfectly well=know/learn from experience意识到 v.limit=restrict=set/impose/put a limit=keep to/keep within=confine=fix 限制produce=form=create=generate生产 v.guarantee=promise=assure=give somebody your word=swear=vow=commit to=pledge 保证 v.liberty=freedom=a free hand自由 n.independence=self-sufficiency=self-reliance 独立 n.consistent=always behaving in the same way or having the same attitudes, standards etc - usually used to show approval持续的 adj.underestimate=to think or guess that something is smaller, cheaper, easier etc than it really is=to think that someone is not as good, clever, or skilful, as they really are低估 v. provision=when you provide something that someone needs now or in the future 提供n.Cambridge5 TEST1produce=develop=manufacture生产 v.central=middle中心的 adj.did not have=without没有 v.bring=confer=award=present=grant=confer=allocate=offer带来 v.time limit=deadline时间限制，期限 n.increase=go up/rise=grow=climb=gain=escalate=expand=pick up=widen=intensify=build up增加assistant=helper=coach 助手 n.immense=big=major=considerable=great=huge/enormous=tremendous=largescale/large-scale巨大的 adj.illustrate=show=be a sign=demonstrate=mean=make clear=reflect=tell=beevidence=reveal 表明，显示 v.quotation=a phrase or sentence that is well-known or often used 引用语 n. predecessor=someone who had your job before you started doing it 前辈，前任n. rival=a person, group, or organization that you compete with in sport, business, a fight etc=competitor 对手，竞争者 n.distraction=something that stops you paying attention to what you are doing分心的事物 n.fault=defect=problem=trouble=flaw=weakness =bug=virus=be something wrong with 错误，缺点cornerstone=basis=foundation=the key 基石n.confer=award=present=grant=allocate 给予 v.stability=the condition of being steady and not changing稳定 n.prevail=win=come out on top=prevail=carry the day流行,获胜v.contract=agreement=understanding=compromise 合约 n.grant=award=present=confer=allocate给予 v.fascinate=if someone or something fascinates you, you are attracted to them and think they are extremely interesting吸引，使着迷 v.disturb=interrupt=bother=distract=put somebody off 打扰 v.expect=think=anticipate预期，期待 v.psychology=the study of the mind and how it influences people's behavior 心理学 n. obey=comply with=abide by=keep to=stick to the rules=conformto=observe=respect=toe the line=go by the book/do something by the book 服从，顺从v.identity=someone's identity is their name or who they are 身份n.severity=used of the degree of something undesirable 严重性 n.unfold=open=happen=develop=expand 展开，发生 v.deliberately=intentionally=on purpose=purposely故意地 adv.moral=relating to the principles of what is right and wrong behavior, and with the difference between good and evil 道德上的，与道德有关的 adj.prior to=before=previous在ÿ前面repetition=doing or saying the same thing many times重复 n.genetic=relating to genes or genetics基因的，遗传学的 adj.sacrifice=when you decide not to have something valuable, in order to get something that is more important牺牲 v.victim=someone who has been attacked, robbed, or murdered受害者 n.forge=form=counterfeit 形成;伪造 v.persuade=convince=win over=talk around 说服 v.surrender=give in 投降，放弃 v.extinct=an extinct type of animal or plant does not exist anymore=disappear=vanish灭绝的，绝种的 adj.abundant=plenty=ample 充裕的，丰富的 adj.exaggerate=overstate夸张，夸大 v.phenomenon=something that happens or exists in society, science, or nature, especially something that is studied because it is difficult to understand 现象 n.perception=idea=notion=view=belief=insight 认识，观念，看法 n.impression=infection=effect=influence=affection印象，感想 n.entitle=to give someone the official right to do or have something 使某人有权利/资格v.distortion=a change for the worse=deformation扭曲，曲解 v.dispose=to arrange things or put them in their places=arrange=settle=manage=cope with=deal with 安排，处理 v.intuition=the ability to understand or know something because of a feeling rather than by considering the facts=instinct 直觉 n.emission=a gas or other substance that is sent into the air排放物，散发物n.diminish=reduce=decrease=fall=lessen=cut 减少，减小v.postpone=put back=delay=adjourn 延期，推迟 v.crucial=important=critical=vital=necessary=essential 至关重要的 adj.pessimistic=expecting that bad things will happen in the future or that something will have a bad result=getting worse悲观的 adj.attempt=purpose=order=effort 尝试，努力Cambridge5 TEST2similar=like=resemble相似的 adj.derive=originate=come from=stem from起源 v.impetus=momentum=stimulus=incentive=motivation=encouragement 动机，动力 n. generate=produce=bring into existence=make=manufacture产生 v.couple with=and=accompany=with 伴随 v.factor=reason=element=component=ingredient 因素 n.unique=have the distinction=distinct=different=extraordinary=special独特的 adj.advance=progress=development=growth=increase进步 n.field=domain=territory=industry=sector领域 n.alternative=substitute=replacement替代物 n.like=such as=for example=for instance 例如resource=material=source资源，来源 n.limited=restricted=exhaustible=finite有限的adj.$㸁D㸁F㸁°䨁Ð䨁Ò䨁D吁d吁f吁N崁n崁6䘀6昀6稀6阀6刀>刀\刀t刀.挀°挀ª搀X攀¾攀:昀n昀&最¦最*栀èinvolve=rely on=contain=comprise 包含，牵涉 v.current=modern=recent=present最近的adj.particular=extraordinary=special=detail=specific=unique特别的，独有的adj.draw on=absorb=do with吸收 v.settle on=make choice of=decide on选定 v.superiority=advantage=edge=high quality优势 n.accompany=when=keep company=be associated with 陪伴，伴随v.view=belief=opinion=insight=perception 观点 n.artificial intelligence=reasoning in machine人工智能 n.involve with=associate with=link to=relate to与ÿ有关联 v.release=issue=launch=convey=public=deliver 发行，发表v.difficult=demanding=hard=tough困难的 adj.task=job=work=labour 任务，工作 n.instantly=rapidly=immediately立即地 adv.react=respond 反应 v.relate to=depend on=link to=associate with=involve with 与ÿ有关系 v.subject views=outlook=personal/individual views=personal/individual opinions 主观观点 n.distort=to change the appearance, sound, or shape of something so that it is strange or unclear; to report something in a way that is not completely true orcorrect=misinterpret 扭曲，歪曲 v.figure out=settle=decide=tell=understand 理解，想出 v.assessment=appraisal=evaluation=estimate=judgment评估，估计 v.emerge=appear=come forth出现 v.remain=keep=stay=maintain保持 v.exploitation=development=utilization=usage利用，使用n.foster=cultivate=raise=nurture培养，养育 v.overtake=catch up=sweep over赶上，压倒 v.initial=original=premier最初的，开始的 adj.whereas=however=while=nevertheless=but=yet然而，但是 adv.Cambridge5 TEST3。
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剑桥雅思真题小作文题目分类总结(4-8)题型1——Table（表格）Cambridge IELTS 4TEST 1:The table below shows the proportion of different categories of families living in poverty in Australia in 1999. Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.Cambridge IELTS 5TEST 4:The table below gives information about the underground railway systems in six cities. Summarise the information by selecting andreporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.Cambridge IELTS 6TEST 2:The table below gives information about changes in modes of travel in England between 1985 and 2000.Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.Cambridge IELTS 7TEST 1:The table below gives information on consumer spending on different items in five different countries in 2002. Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.题型2——Line Graph（线性图）Cambridge IELTS 5TEST 1:The graph blew shows the proportion of the population aged 65 and over between 1940 and 2040 in three different countries. Summaries the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.Cambridge IELTS 7TEST 2:The pargh below shows the consumption of fish and some different kinds of meat in European country between 1979 and 2004. Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.Cambridge IELTS 8TEST 4:The graph below shows the quantities of goods transport in the UK between 1974 and 2002 by four different modes of transport. Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features and make comparisons where relevant.题型3——Bar Chart（条形图/柱状图）Cambridge IELTS 4TEST 3:The chart below shows the different levels of post-school qualifications in Australia and the proportion of men and women who held them in 1999.Summaries the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.Cambridge IELTS 5TEST 2:The charts below show the main reasons for study among students of different age groups and amount of support they received from employers.Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.Cambridge IELTS 6TEST 4:The charts below give information about USA marriage and divorce rates between 1970 and 2000, and the marital status of adult America in two of the years. Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.Cambridge IELTS 7TEST 3:The chart below shows information about changes in average house prices in five different cities between 1990 and 2002 compared with average house prices in 1989.Summaries the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.题型4——Pie Chart（饼图）Cambridge IELTS 7TEST 4:The pie charts below show units ofelectricity production by fuel source in Australia and France in 1980 and 2000. Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.Cambridge IELTS 8TEST 2:The three pie charts below show the changes in annual spending by a particular UK school in 1981, 1991, and 2001. Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.题型5——混合图Cambridge IELTS 4TEST 2:The graph blew shows the demand electricity in Engliand during typical days in winter and summer.The pie chart shows how electricity is used in an average English home.Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features and make comparisions where ralevant.Cambridge IELTS 4TEST 4:The charts below give information about travel to and from the UK, and about the most popular countries from UK residents to visit.Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.Cambridge IELTS 6TEST 1:The graph and table below give information about water use worldwide and water consumption in two different countries. Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.Cambridge IELTS 8TEST 1:The pie chart below shows the main reasons why agricultural land becomes less productive. The table shows how these causes affected three regions of the world during the 1990s.Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant题型6——Process Diagram（流程图）Cambridge IELTS 6TEST 3:The diagrams below show the life cycle of the silkworm and the stages in the production of silk cloth.Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.Cambridge IELTS 8TEST 3:The diagrams below show the stages and equipment used in the cement-making process, and how cement is used to produce concrete for building purpose. Summaries the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.题型7——Map（地图题）Cambridge IELTS 5TEST 3:The map below is of the town of Garlsdon.A new supermarket(s) is planned for the town. The map shows two possible sites for the supermarket.Summarise the information by selecting andreporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.。