2024届高考英语语法复习—过去将来时+讲义

2024届高考语法复习—过去将来时
辨析 will与be going to
1.be going to 既可指主观打算，也可指客观迹象表明将要发生的事情；
2.will往往指没有经过计划而临时出现的意图，常伴有说话者的主观意愿。

辨析 be about to do 与be to do
1.be about to do 表示正要或即将做某事，该结构不与表示具体的将来时间的状
语连用。

Be quiet! The lecture is about to start.
注：该结构与when连用，构成be about to do … when… 句式，意思是“正要做……,这时……”。

这个结构只用来叙述过去发生的事情，表示过去将来，不能使用现在时间范畴的时态。

I was about to go to bed when the telephone rang. (✔)
I am about to go to bed when the telephone rings. (❌)
2.be to do 表示按照约定即将发生的动作，也可以表示职责、义务、命令、意图、
禁止等。

该结构可以与表示具体的将来时间的状语连用。

We are to meet at the school gate.
You are to hand in your papers by 10 o’clock.
A meeting is to be held at 3 o’clock this afternoon.
一般将来时结构：will/shall do, am/is/are going to do, am/is/are about to do, am/is/are to do.
过去将来时，表示从过去某一时间来看，将要发生的动作或存在的状态。

这种时态常用于主句是过去时的宾语从句中，表示从句动作发生在主句之后。

过去将来时与一般
将来时有相似之处，除了把will，shall改成would, should外，还可以用was/were going to do, was/were to do, was/were about to do以及过去进行时来表示。

一. 过去将来时的常用于以下几种情况：
1. 就过去某一时间而言，以后将要发生的事情。

Jone said that he would come.
2. 过去安排好要做的事情。

I left my office early because I was going to see Jone later that afternoon.
3. 后来真实发生的事情。

That journey was to change Jone’s life.
二．过去将来时的构成有以下几种形式：
1. would do。

They said that they would meet us at 9:30 at the airport.
They told me that that boy probably wouldn’t come.
2. was/were going to do。

I was going to visit my aunt, but then it began to rain.
She told me she was going to learn another foreign language.
He said he was going to reserve two tickets in advance.
3. was/were to do。

It was his last day at school—he was to leave the next morning.
He said he was to begin the work the next month.
4. was/were about to do。

I was about to leave when the telephone rang.
They were about to leave when it began to rain.
另：进行时表示将来时。

现在进行时表示一般将来时。

过去进行时表示过去将来时。

）某些“终止动词“和“位移动词”，以及根据计划或安排将要发生的动作，都可以用进行时表示将来时。

此时，句中一般含有表示将来的时间状语。

1.某些“终止动词“ finish, die, open, close, start, join, meet, retire）和“位移动词”(come,
go, leave, arrive, fly, return, take, take off)，可以用进行时表示将来时。

此时，句中一般含有表示将来的时间状语。

We are finishing the project next month. (一般将来时)
The shop opposite the road is closing soon. (一般将来时)
The old worker is retiring next year. (一般将来时)
The train is arriving soon. (一般将来时)
Jone is flying to Sweden tomorrow morning. (一般将来时)
I was finishing the job when my mum walked up and stopped me. (过去将来时)
It quickly became clear that the cat was dying. (过去将来时)
I didn’t know when they were coming to explore for oil again. (过去将来时)
Mr. Green was leaving for Sweden a few hours later. (过去将来时)
2.根据计划或安排将要发生的动作，也可以用进行时表示将来时。

这类结构的主语往
往是人，常与表示将来的时间状语连用。

I’m doing my experiment tomorrow. (一般将来时)
I am having dinner with John tomorrow evening. (一般将来时)
Our manager is meeting John this afternoon. (一般将来时)
John and Jane are getting married on October 1st. (一般将来时)
I told them I was doing my experiment the next day. (过去将来时)
We didn’t know our manager was meeting John that afternoon. (过去将来时)
We all wondered if John and Jane were getting married the next month. (过去将来时)。