TED英语演讲

Q&A
Q3: What’s the flip side of their revolution that the club did not foresee?
A3: Today there is a huge disjunction between science and the rest of culture. From the figure, the percent of adults that have even a very basic level of science literacy is so low. Scientists as a professional group were slowly walled off from the rest of us. However just as Darwin said, “I sometimes think that general and popular treatises are almost as important for the progress of science as original work.”
Philosophical Breakfast Club
Charles Babbage invented first mechanical calculator.
John Herschel mapped stars in south hemisphere.
William Whewell created the words anode, cathode and ion
பைடு நூலகம் Q&A
Q2: Who paid the equipment and supplies? Was there prizes or funds existing for scientists up to 19 century?
A2: Natural philosophers themselves paid supplies and equipment. There existed prize occasionally, but were only given after the work solved a practical problem. Later the British Association began to use the extra money generated by the club to give grants for research in astronomy, the tides, fossil fish and many other areas. These grants not only allowed less wealthy men to conduct research, but they also encouraged thinking outside the box, rather than just trying to solve one pre-set question.
MAJOR CHANGES TO SCIENCE
1. an Inductive Evidence-Based Method
2. Science for Public Good
3. New Scientific Institutions 4.External Funding
vocalbulary
Inductive scientific method归纳法 Difference engine 差分机 Iteration, conditional branching, parallel processing迭代、条 件跳转、并行处理 Antiquarian, literary man and the nobility古文物学家、文学家 和贵族 Flip side另一方面，对立的人
Richard Jones an important economist
These four brilliant, driven men met at Cambridge University in 1812 made a new name “scientist” to who professional with a particular scientific method, goals, society and funding.
Q&A
Q1: Why they called themselves philosophical breakfast club?
A1: Because the four brilliant man always talked about their dreams and scientific works when breakfast.
In the Cambridge winter of 1812 and 1813, the four met for what they called philosophical breakfasts. They talked about science and the need for a new scientific revolution. It was time to a revolution which they pledged to bring about, and what’s so amazing about these guys is, not only did they have these grandiose undergraduate dreams, but they actually carried them out, even beyond their wildest dreams.