填空高频词汇总结_D

InnovateThough some of her fellow scientists decried the unorthodox laboratory methodology that others found ____, unanimous praise greeted her experimental results: at once pioneering and unexceptionable.UndermineParadoxically, England's colonization of North America was ___________ by its success: the increasing prosperity of the colonies diminished their dependence upon, and therefore their loyalty to, their home country.page 3ObscureConfined as they individually are to certain precise meanings specified in a dictionary, how could words eventually come, when combined in groups, to create _____________and actually to prevent thought from being communicable?EnhanceMichael was prey to vagrant impulses that impelled him to squander his talents on a host of unworthy projects; his very dissipation nonetheless ___________ his reputation, for the sheer energy of his extravagance dazzled observers.page 4DiminishDependence on foreign sources of heavy metals, although _____________, remains a problem for United States foreign policy.PragmaticIn a ___________ society which worships efficiency, it is difficult for a sensitive and idealistic person to make the kinds of hardheaded decisions that alone spell success as it is defined by such a society.AnomalousIf the plate government's latest budget problems were ______________, it would not be useful to employ them as illuminating instances in the effort to avoid the inevitable effects of shortsighted fiscal planning in the future.page 5ExplicitChinese art has no counterpart for the powerful __________ anti-war paintings of the West, but rather relies on subtlety and indirection to express political thought.page 6Carruthers' latest literary criticism belies her reputation for trenchant commentary; in spite of its ____________ title and the fulsome praise on its dust jacket, it is nothing more than a collection of platitudes.ConstituteBefore the World War II, academics still questioned whether the body of literature produced in the United States truly ______________ a national literature, or whether such literature was only a provincial branch of English literature.page 7CynicismIn sharp contrast to the intense idealism of the young republic, with its utopian faith in democracy and hopes for eternal human progress, recent developments mean a mood of almost unrelieved __________.Repudiate.Fashion is, to a certain extent, a search for a new language to discredit the old, a way in which each generation can __________ its immediate predecessor and distinguish itself.page 8BelieThe astronomer and feminist Maria Mitchell's ( 1818-1889) own prodigious activity and the vigor of the Association for the Advancement of Women during the 1870's_____________ any assertion that feminism was quiescent in that period.IdiosyncraticIn contrast to more specialized publications of ever narrower purview, the journal Antiquity has remained, when it began, as ____________ as it was, continuing to serve the broader interests of the discipline of archaeology.page 9IntimidateAt first, I found her gravity rather _____________; however, as I saw more of her, I found that laughter was very near the surface.page 10PlausibleEric was frustrated because, though he was adept at making lies sound __________, when telling the truth, he lacked the power to make himself believed.AmbivalentThe senator's remark that he is _____________ about running for a second term is persuasive given the extremely apathetic fund-raising activities of his campaign committee.DiscreditThe notion that cultural and biological influences equally determine cross-cultural diversity is __________ by the fact that, in numerous aspects of human existence, it is cultural programming that overwhelmingly accounts for cross-population variance.page 11DisinterestedWhile biologists must maintain a _____________ attitude toward the subjects of their research, social scientists must, paradoxically, combine personal involvement and scholarly detachment.page 12InconsistentGenerally the first to spot data that were ____________ with other findings, in this particular experiment she let a number of anomalous results slip by.page 13ObsoleteDoors were closing on our past, then soon the values we had lived by would become so ___________ that we would seem to people of the new age as quaint as travelers from an ancient land.ProvokeMichael's confrontational style could alienate almost anyone: he even antagonized a board of directors that included a number of his supporters and that had a reputation for not being easily ______________.page 14TraitAll beneficial biological _______ fall into one of two categories: those that giving their possessors greater control over the environment and those that rendering them more independent of it.Alleviatepage 15CensureDuring the 1960's assessments of the family shifted remarkably, from general endorsement of it as a worthwhile, stable institution to pervasive ____________ of it as an oppressive and bankrupt one whose dissolution was both imminent and welcome.ConspicuousAnimals which have tasted unpalatable plants tend to recognize them afterward on the basis of their most ___________ features, such as their flowers.DemonstrationNonviolent _____________ often create such tensions that a community which has constantly refused to acknowledge its injustices is forced to correct them: the injustices can no longer be ignored.page 16EclecticIn spite of claims that his philosophy can be traced to a single source, the philosophy in fact draws liberally on several traditions and methodologies and so could justifiably be termed _______.EndorsementDuring the 1960's assessments of the family shifted remarkably, from general _______________of it as a worthwhile, stable institution to pervasive censure of it as an oppressive and bankrupt one whose dissolution was both imminent and welcome.page 17Highlightpage 19ImminentDuring the 1960's assessments of the family shifted remarkably, from general endorsement of it as a worthwhile, stable institution to pervasive censure of it as an oppressive and bankrupt one whose dissolution was both _________ and welcome.IntricateThough the minuet appeared simple, its ____________ steps had to be studied very carefully before they could be gracefully executed in public.Page21PertinentOne reason why ________ fossils are uncommon is that crucial stages of evolution occurred in the tropics where it is difficult to explore for fossils, therefore, their discovery has lagged.page 22SubstantiateThe value of Davis' sociological research is compromised by his unscrupulous tendency to use materials selectively in order to __________ his own claims, whereas disregarding information that points to other possible conclusions.SubtlePostmodern architecture is not concerned with the easy goal of returning to the past but rather with the more _________ and difficult aim of integrating historical forms into a new and complex whole.page 24AntipathyNo one is neutral about Stephen; he inspires either uncritical adulation or profound ___________ in those who work for him.Autonomypage 25ComplimentCynics consider that people who shrug off _____________ do so in order to be praised twice.CondescensionSince 1813 reaction to Jane Austen's (1775 -1817) novels has oscillated between adoration and____________; but in general later writers have esteemed her works more highly than did most of her literary contemporaries.page 26ConsensusDespite the increasing polarity of their opinions, the group knew they had to arrive at a __________ so that the award could be presented.page 27DerivativeHis first concert appearance was disappointingly perfunctory and ____________, rather than the inspired performance in the innovative style we had anticipated.DeterA major goal of law, to _______potential criminals by punishing wrongdoers, is not served when the penalty is so rarely invoked that it ceases to be a credible threat.DetrimentalDeviateThe valedictory address, as it has developed in American colleges and universities over the years, has become a very strict form, a literary genre which permits very little ____________.page 28DiscreteA leading chemist believes that many scientists have difficulty with stereochemistry since much of the relevant nomenclature is imprecise, in that it combines concepts that should be kept _________.EmulateThe writer of this book purposely overlooks or minimizes some of the problems and shortcomings in otherwise highly successful foreign industries in order to emphasize the points on which they excel and on which we might try to __________them.page 29EngenderThe poet Wystan Hugh Auden believed that the greatest poets of his age were almost necessarily irresponsible, that the possession of great gifts ___________ the propensity to abuse them.page 30FutileGiven his previously expressed interest and the ambitious tone of his recent speeches, the senator's attempt to convince the public that he is not interested in running for a second term is _______.IncorporateWhereas many Russian composers of the 19th century contributed to an emerging national style, other composers did not ______________ idiomatic Russian musical elements, preferring instead the traditional musical vocabulary of Western European Romanticism.page 33OblivionThe perennial questions which consistently structure the study of history must be distinguished from merely ephemeral questions, which have their day and then pass into __________.ObviateOne virus strain which may help gene therapists cure genetic brain diseases can enter the peripheral nervous system and travel to the brain, ________ the need to inject the therapeutic virus directly into the brain.page 33OrthodoxThe reception given to Kimura's radical theory of molecular evolution suggests that when invention fights ____________ to a draw, then novelty has seized a good chunk of space from convention.page 36PrecedentAlthough one cannot say that Michelangelo was an impractical designer, he was, of allnonprofessional architects known, the most adventurous in that he was the least constrained by tradition or __________.RadicalFoucault's rejection of the concept of continuity in Western thought, although ________, was not unique; he had counterparts in the United States who, without knowledge of his work, developed parallel ideas.page 37SpeciousTo this reviewer, John's play was a thoroughly artificial exercise: both its laughter and tts tears seemed equally ___________.Supersedepage 38AggrandizeAugmentpage 39AxiomaticThough it seems __________ that there would be a greater risk of serious automobile accidents in densely populated areas, such accidents are more likely to occur in sparsely populated regions.CapriceHad become so inured to the _________ of top management's personnel policies that employees greeted the announcement of a company-wide dress code with impassivity.CircumventWhereas some argue that imposing tolls on highway users ____________ the need to raise public taxes for road maintenance, the phenomenal expense of maintaining a vast network of roads necessitates reliance on these general taxes.page 40CompensateSince medieval women's public participation in spiritual life was not welcomed by the male establishment, a ______________ involvement with religious writings, inoffensive to the members of the establishment because of its privacy, became important for many women.ContextThe World War I began in a __________ of jargon and verbal delicacy and continued in a cloud ofeuphemism as impenetrable as language and literature, skillfully used, could make it.page 42DecryThough some of her fellow scientists ________ the unorthodox laboratory methodology that others found innovative, unanimous praise greeted her experimental results: at once pioneering and unexceptionable.page 43EphemeralThe perennial questions which consistently structure the study of history must be distinguished from merely _________ questions, which have their day and then pass into oblivion.EquivocalArchaeology's central dilemma is how to reconstruct the intricacies of complex ancientsocieties from meager and often ____________ physical evidence.page 44ExacerbateIt was his view that the country's problems had been __________ by foreign technocrats, so that to invite them to come back would be counterproductive.FeignThough Johnson ___________ great enthusiasm for his employees' project, in reality his interest in the project was so perfunctory as to be almost non-existent.page 45HinderIt was not only the conservatism of geologists that _________ earlier development of the revolutionary idea that the Earth's continents were moving plates; classical physicists, who could not then explain the mechanism, had claimed continental movement impossible.page 47IntegrityPeople of intelligence and achievement can nevertheless be so greedy and lacking in______________ that they gamble their reputations by breaking the law to further their own ends.page 51PrecipitateThe new biological psychiatry does not oppose the contributing role of psychological factors in mental illnesses, but posits that these factors may act as a catalyst on existing physiological conditions and _____________ suet: illnesses.PresumptuousThe struggle of the generations is one of the obvious constants of human affairs; so, it may be_______________ to suggest that the rivalry between young and old in Western society during the current decade is uniquely critical.page 53SchematicIt is puzzling to observe that James's novel has recently been criticized for its lack of structure, since commentators have traditionally argued that its most obvious flaw is its relentlessly rigid, indeed __________ framework.SpeculationFuture generations will possibly consider current ______________ about humanity's place in the universe to be marred by omissions and errors; even rigorous scientific views change, sometimes overnight.page 54AbateThough their initial anger had __________ somewhat, they continued to berate the careless worker who had broken the machine.AdamantThough the revelation that one of the contestants was a friend left the judge open to charges of lack of disinterestedness, the judge remained ___________ in her assertion that acquaintance did not necessarily imply partiality.page 56AllusiveThough scientists claim that the seemingly literal language of their reports is more precise than the figurative language of fiction, the language of science, like all language, is inherently ____________.AntiquatedContrary to the _____________ idea that the 18th century was a tranquil island of elegant assurance, evidence reveals that life for most people was filled with uncertainty and insecurity.page 57AntitheticalThe natures of social history and lyric poetry are __________, social history recounting the evanescent at all times and lyric poetry speaking for unchanging human nature, that timeless essence beyond fashion and economics.ArtlessEarly critics of Emily Elizabeth Dickinson's poetry mistook for simple mindedness the surface of ___________ that in fact she constructed with such cunning.page 59BerateThough their initial anger had abated somewhat, they continued to ____________ the careless worker who had broken the machine.CircumspectBy identifying scientific rigor with a quantitative approach, researchers in the social sciences may often have limited their scope to those narrowly ___________ topics which are well suited to quantitative methods.page 62ComplacencyThe accusations which we bring against others should be warnings to ourselves; they should not justify _____________ and easy judgments on our part concerning our own moral conduct.ConciliatorySchwarzenegger has recently assumed a ______________ attitude that is not commended by his colleagues, who continue to disparage compromise.page 63ConjectureThe development of containers, possibly made from bark or the skins of animals, though this is a matter of ___________, allowed the extensive sharing of forage foods in prehistoric human societies.Contrivelt is difficult to distinguish between the things which charismatic figures do spontaneously and those that are carefully _________ for effect.page 64CounterpartFoucault's rejection of the concept of continuity in Western thought, although radical, was not unique; he had ___________ in the United States who, without knowledge of his work, developed parallel ideas.CurtailTo prevent annihilation by parasites, some caterpillars are able to________ periods of active growth by prematurely. entering a dormant state, which is characterized by the suspension of feeding.DampenWhile the delegate clearly sought to ___________the optimism that has emerged recently, he stopped short of suggesting that the conference was near collapse and might produce nothing of significance.page 65DecimateYellow fever, the disease that killed four thousand Philadelphians in 1793, and so ____________ Memphis, Tennessee, that the city lost its charter, has reappeared after nearly two decades in abeyance in the Western Hemisphere.DecipherThe semantic opacity of ancient documents is not unique; even in our own time, lots of documents are difficult to __________page 66DenigratePeople frequently __________ books about recent catastrophes as morally despicable attempts to profit from misfortune: however, in my view our desire for such books, together with the venerable tradition to which they belong, legitimizes them.DenounceThough it is unusual to ___________ museumgoers for not painting, it is quite common, even for those who are unenthusiastic about sports, to criticize spectators for athletic inactivity.DiscernibleThough the mental process that creates a fresh and original poem or drama is doubtless analogous to that which originates and elaborates scientific discoveries, there is clearly a _______________ difference between the creators.page 67DrabPerhaps since scientists have been so intrigued by dogs' superior senses of smell and hearing, researchers have long underestimated their eyesight, assuming that they inhabit a _________, black-and-white world, devoid of color.EnticeIt was not the trappings of great wealth - jewels, limousines, palatial houses that _________ him; instead, he was seduced by the illusion of complete freedom that unlimited financial resources created.EpitomizeLots of Americans believe that individual initiative ______________ the 1890's and see the entrepreneur as the personification of that age.page 69EradicateThe ___________ of pollution is not merely a matter of aesthetics, although the majestic beauty of nature is indeed an important consideration.ExceptionalPerhaps predictably, because an ability to communicate effectively is an important trait of any great leader, it has been the ___________ Presidents who have delivered the most notable inaugural addresses.page 71ForestallWithin the 10 years decade, sophisticated telescopes now orbiting the Earth will determine whether the continents really are moving, ______________ the incipient rift among geologists bout the validity of the theory of continental drift.page 73ImpairWithout the psychiatrist's promise of confidentiality, trust is ___________ and the patient's communication limited; even if confidentiality can thus be seen to be precious in therapy, moral responsibility sometimes requires a willingness to sacrifice it.ImpedeThough nothing could be further from the truth, freight railroads have been accused of ____________ the nation's shift from oil to coal by charging exorbitant fees to transport coal. ImperativeThough strong legal remedies for nonpayment of child support are available, the delay and expense associated with these remedies make it __________ to develop other options.ImproviseWhereas scientists dismiss as fanciful the idea of sudden changes in a genetic code (spontaneous mutation), it is possible that nature, like some master musician, __________on occasion, departing from the expected or predictable.page 77InterimIt was lack of ecological awareness that initially allowed physicians to view the new "miracle-cure" antibiotics as a permanent solution to bacterial infections instead of an _________ victory over such diseases.To ensure the development and exploitation of a new technology, there must be a constant ___________of several nonetheless distinct activities.page 78JeopardyBy idiosyncratically refusing to dismiss an insubordinate member of her staff, the manager not only contravened established policy, but she also ______________ her heretofore good chances for promotion.page 79LargesseFamous among job seekers for its _________, quite apart from generous salaries, the company bestowed on its executives annual bonuses and such perquisites as low-interest home mortgages and company cars.page 81NostalgiaThe high school life documentary film was so realistic and evocative that feelings of ___________ flooded over the college-age audience.NoviceThough the young violinist's steady performance with the orchestra demonstrated his technical competence, his uninspired style and lack of interpretive maturity labeled him as a __________ musician rather than as a truly accomplished performer.page 83PartisanThe credibility of his even-handed description of the conflicts experienced by many contemporary women in their everyday lives was undermined by his __________conclusions.PerennialThe __________ questions which consistently structure the study of history must be distinguished from merely ephemeral questions, which have their day and then pass into oblivion.page 88RelegateIn the British theater young people under 35 have not had much trouble getting recognition onstage, but offstage in the ranks of playwrights, directors, designers, administrators they have mostly been _____________ to relative obscurity.page 89Ultimately, the book's credibility is strained; the slender, although far from nonexistent, web of evidence presented on one _________ point is expected to support a vast superstructure of implications.SanctionThe demise of the rigorous academic curriculum in high school resulted, partly, from the progressive rhetoric that ________ the study of subjects previously thought inappropriate as part of school learning.page 90SimultaneousNot all the indicators necessary to convey the effect of depth in a picture work _____________; therefore, the picture's illusion of uniform three-dimensional appearance must result from the viewer's integration of various indicators perceived successively.page 92TentativeThe labor union and the company's management, in spite of their long history of unfailingly acerbic disagreement on nearly every issue, have nevertheless reached an unexpectedly swift, albeit still_________, agreement on next year's contract.TrenchantCarruthers' latest literary criticism belies her reputation for __________ commentary; in spite of its intriguing title and the fulsome praise on its dust jacket, it is nothing more than a collection of platitudes.page 96AcquiescentFar from being unctuous, Pete was always loath to appear _____________.page 98AmorphousThe term "modern" has always been used broadly by historians, and recent reports suggest that its meaning has become more ___________ than ever.page 100ApprobationLots of writers who once greatly disparaged the literary critic have recently recanted, substituting___________ for their former criticism.AscendencyIn an age without radio or recordings, namely, an age dominated by print, fiction gained its greatest______________.page 101AssaultThat the Third Battalion's 50 percent casualty rate transformed its ___________ on Hill 306 from a brilliant stratagem into a debacle does not gainsay eyewitness reports of its commander's extraordinary cleverness in deploying his forces.AssimilateExperienced employers recognize that business students who can ___________ different points of view are eventually more effective as managers than are the brilliant and original students who adhere dogmatically to their own formulations.AttendantIronically, the proper use of figurative language must be based on the denotative meaning of the words, since it is the failure to recognize this literal meaning that leads to mixed metaphors and their _____________ incongruity.page 103BereaveThe paradox of his career was his achievement of his greatest intellectual authority at the very moment when he was ________ of a compelling subject.page 104CategoricalLots of scientists have published articles debunking global warming, stating ___________that there is no solid scientific evidence to support the theory that the Earth is warming because of increases in greenhouse gases.page 105CircumlocutionThe combination of elegance and earthiness in Ed's speech can be starting, especially when he slyly slips in some juicy vulgarity amid the mellifluous_____________of a gentleman of the old school.page 106CommensurateThe powers and satisfactions of primeval people, although few and meager, were ______________ with their few and simple desires.page 107ComplementaryThough many findings of the Soviet and United States probes of Venus were ______________, thetwo sets of atmospheric results clearly could not be reconciled without a major change of data or interpretation.page 108ConduciveThe state is a network of exchanged benefits and beliefs, a reciprocity between rulers and citizens based on those laws and procedures which are ___________ to the maintenance of community.page 110ContraveneBy idiosyncratically refusing to dismiss an insubordinate member of her staff, the manager not only _____________ established policy, but she also jeopardized her heretofore good chances for promotion.ConvolutedA misconception often held by novice writers is that sentence structure mirrors thought: the more ____________ the structure, the more complicated the ideas.。