2007年真题
2007年考研心理学真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)
2007年考研心理学真题试卷(题后含答案及解析) 题型有：1. 单选题 2. 多选题 3. 简答题 4. 综合题单项选择题1．以“内省法”作为主要研究手段的心理学派是A．格式塔B．人本主义C．构造主义D．行为主义正确答案：C解析：本题旨在考查考生对在心理学发展过程中产生重要影响的心理学理论观点的了解与掌握。
格式塔心理学派主张心理学应该把人的心理作为一个整体而不能人为肢解，其主要的研究方法是自然观察法和现象学的研究方法。
人本主义心理学派强调心理学应该以正常健康人为研究对象，人是最重要的，其本性是善良的，并蕴涵着巨大无限的潜力，其主要的研究方法有质的研究方法、现象学方法、叙事法、个案研究等。
构造主义心理学派认为心理学应该研究人的意识经验。
个体经验是由感觉、意象和激情三个基本元素构成，感觉是知觉的元素、意象是观念的元素、激情是感情的元素，所有复杂心理活动都是由这些元素构成，可以通过内省法，即个体对自己体验的反思进行观察和分析，从而对人的心理现象作出解释。
行为主义心理学派认为心理学的研究对象应该是可以观察到的外显行为，而不是看不见、摸不着、无法客观研究的意识，其主要研究方法有观察法、条件反射法等。
2．通过搜集和分析某人过去和现在有关方面的资料，以推知其行为原因的方法是A．调查法B．个案法C．测验法D．观察法正确答案：B解析：本题旨在考查考生对心理学研究方法的了解与掌握。
调查法是就某一问题要求被调查者自由表达其意见或态度，以此分析群体心理倾向的研究方法。
个案法是对被试各个方面及其状况进行深入而详尽地了解，搜集有关信息，经分析推知其行为真正原因的研究方法。
测验法是使用标准化测验工具度量个体间对同一事物反应的差异，或同一个体在不同时间或情境中的反应差异的研究方法。
观察法是在自然情境中对个体的心理现象与行为表现进行有系统、有计划地观察记录，经分析以获得其心理活动产生和发展规律的研究方法。
3．有关大脑两半球功能单侧化的研究表明，大多数人的言语活动中枢在A．杏仁核B．边缘系统C．大脑左半球D．大脑右半球正确答案：C解析：本题旨在考查考生对心理和行为的神经机制的了解与掌握。
考研英语二2007年真题
考研英语二2007 年真题Section 1I Cloze (10 points)Directions：For each numbered blank in the following passage．there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a pencil．Advancing age means losing your hair, your waistline and your memory，right ? Dana Denis is just 40 years old，but 2 1 she's worried about what she calls' my rolling mental blackouts." "I try to remember something and I just blank out，"she saysYou may 22 about these lapses，calling them " senior moments "or blaming "early Alzheimer's (老年痴呆症)．"Is it an inescapable fact that the older you get，the 23 you remember Well, sort of．But as time goes by, we tend to blame age 24 problems that are not necessarily age-related．"When a teenager can't find her keys，she thinks it's because she's distracted or disorganized， "says Paul Gold．"A 70-year-old blames her 25 ．"In fact，the 70-year-old may have been 26 things for decades．In healthy people，memory doesn't worsen as 27 as many of us think．"As we 28，the memory mechanism isn't 29 ，"says psychologist Fergus Craik．"It's just inefficient．"The brain's processing 30 slows down over the years，though no one knowsexactly 31. Recent research suggests that nerve cells lose efficiency and 32 there's less activity in the brain．But， cautions Barry Gordon，"It's not clear that less activity is 33 ．A beginning athlete is winded （气喘吁吁）more easily than a 34 athlete．In the same way, 35 the brain gets more skilled at a task，it expends less energy on it."There are 36 you can take to compensate for normal slippage in your memory gears，though it 37 effort．Margaret Sewell says："We're a quick-fix culture, but you have to 38 to keep your brain 39 shape．It's like having a good body．You Can't go to the gym once a year 40 expect to stay in top form."21．A. almost B. seldom C. already D. never22．A. joke B. laugh C. blame D. criticize23．A. much B. little C. more D. less24．A. since B. for C. by D. because25．A. memory B. mind C. trouble D. health26．A. disorganizing B. misplacing C. putting D. finding27．A. swiftly B. frequently C. timely D. quickly28．A．mature B. advance C. age D. grow29．A. broken B. poor C. perfect D. working30．A. pattern B. time C. space D. information31．A . why B. how C. what D. when32．A. since B. hence C. that D. although33．A. irregular B. better C. normal D. worse34．A. famous B. senior C. popular D. trained35．A. as B. till C. though D. yet36．A. stages B. steps C. advantages D. purposes37．A. makes B. takes C. does D. spends38．A. rest B. come C. work D. study39．A. to B. for C. on D. in40．A. so B. or C. and D. ifSection Ⅲ Reading Comprehension (40 points)Directions: There are 4 passages in this part, Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. You should decide on the best choice and blacken the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET with a pencil. Questions 41 to 45 are based on the following passage:Prior to the 20th century, many languages with small numbers of speakers survived for centuries. The increasingly interconnected modern world makes it much more difficult for small language communities to live in relative isolation, a key factor in language maintenance and preservation.It remains to be seen whether the world can maintain its linguistic andcultural diversity in the centuries ahead. Many powerful forces appear to work against it :population growth, which pushes migrant populations into the world's last isolated locations; mass tourism; global telecommunications and mass media; and the spread of gigantic global corporations. All of these forces appear to signify a future in which the language of advertising, popular culture, and consumer products become similar. Already English and a few other major tongues have emerged as global languages of commerce and communication. For many of the world's peoples, learning one of these languages is viewed as the key to education, economic opportunity, and a better way of life.Only about 3,000 languages now in use are expected to survive the coming century. Are most of the rest doomed in the century after that Whether most of these languages survive will probably depend on how strongly cultural groups wish to keep their identity alive through a native language. To do so will require an emphasis on bilingualism（mastery of two languages）. Bilingual speakers could use their own language in smaller spheres---at home, among friends, in community settings---and a global language at work, in dealings with government, and in commercial spheres. In this way, many small languages could sustain their cultural and linguistic integrity alongside global languages, rather than yield to the homogenizing （同化的）forces of globalization.Ironically, the trend of technological innovation that has threatenedminority languages could also help save them. For example, some experts predict that computer software translation tools will one day permit minority language speakers to browse the Internet using their native tongues.Linguists are currently using computer-aided learning tools to teach a variety of threatened languages.For many endangered languages, the line between revival and death is extremely thin. Language is remarkably resilient （有活力的）,however. It is not just a tool for communicating, but also a powerful way of separating different groups, or of demonstrating group identity. Many indigenous（原生的，土著的）communities have shown that it is possible to live in the modern world while reclaiming their unique identities through language.41.Minority languages can be best preserved in __________.A．an increasingly interconnected worldB．maintaining small numbers of speakersC．relatively isolated language communitiesD．following the tradition of the 20th century42.According to Paragraph 2, that the world can maintain its linguistic diversity in the future is _______.A．uncertain B．unrealistic C．foreseeable D．definite43.According to the author, bilingualism can help_________.A．small languages become acceptable in work placesB．homogenize the world's languages and culturesC．global languages reach home and community settingsD．speakers maintain their linguistic and cultural identityputer technology is helpful for preserving minority languages in that it_________.A．makes learning a global language unnecessaryB．facilitates the learning and using of those languagesC．raises public awareness of saving those languagesD．makes it easier for linguists to study those languages45.In the author's view, many endangered languages are________. A．remarkably well-kept in this modern worldB．exceptionally powerful tools of communicationC．quite possible to be revived instead of dying outD．a unique way of bringing different groups togetherQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage:Everyone，it seems，has a health problem 。
2007年北京卷高考语文真题及标准答案(完美版)
2007年北京卷高考语文真题及标准答案一、本大题共5小题,每小题3分,共15分。
1．下列各组词语,没有错别字的一组是:A.精粹精络精疲力竭精诚所至,金石为开B.赠予授予予人口实同甘共苦,祸福予共C.即将立即若即若离一言即出,驷马难追D.挥毫毫发毫无二致失之毫厘,谬以千里2.将下列词语依次填入各句横线处,最恰当的一组是①近期,中国观众有幸目睹了来自意大利庞贝古城的遗珍,它们清晰地再现了古城被埋没前最后的情景。
②在休斯敦火箭队的姚明,出席"护鲨行动从我做起"的活动时说:"今后,本人在任何情况下都拒绝食用鱼翅。
"③书的封面设计于书籍出版发行的整体规划,同时必须结合书的内容特点和读者对象进行构思。
A.时间效劳从属B.瞬间效力从属C.瞬间效劳归属D.时间效力归属3.下列句子中,加点成语使用不恰当的一句是A.没有人仅因富甲一方而被长久纪念,相反,人们念念不忘的,大都是超脱于物质利益的追逐的人。
B.在军阀混战和北平沦陷期间,碧云寺孙中山衣冠冢得以保全,这多亏中山先生生前卫士谭惠全等人恪尽职守,矢志护灵。
C.自行车队被两只高大威猛的藏獒追赶得几入绝境,最后靠下坡高速骑行才得以摆脱,队员们至今仍心有余悸。
D.暮春时节是潭拓寺"二乔玉兰"的盛花期,4月上旬,这两株玉兰的树冠上就布满了含英咀华的花蕾。
4.下列句子,没有语病的一句是A.素质可以理解为人在先天条件的基础上,在家庭、社会的影响下,经过后天的教育所形成的稳定的心理品格。
B.很少有以7毫米以下口径制造狙击步枪的国家,因为狙击要求威力大,精度高,但中国狙击步枪偏选择了小口径。
C.几组蝴蝶展框吸引了参观者,大家都以为这是标本,看到展框上方"仿真蝴蝶微型风筝"的标志,使大家恍然大悟。
D.在翻阅中国话剧100周年纪念活动资料时,他萌生了创作一台寻找中国话剧源头的剧本的意念。
5.下列有关文学常识的表述,错误的一项是A.《再别康桥》、《雨巷》、《大堰河一一我的保姆》、《乡愁》,分别是徐志摩、戴望舒、艾青、余光中的诗作。
2007年考研英语真题答案及解析
2007年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语（一）答案详解Section I Use of English一、文章结构分析本文主要论述了西班牙和葡萄牙的前殖民地在独立以后面临的各种问题。
第一段指出独立运动领导人对于新国家理念的共同之处。
第二段指出领导人存在分歧的方面。
第三段是总结，指出平等主义在新国家的实现比较缓慢。
二、试题具体解析1.[A]natives本地人[B]inhabitants居民[C]peoples民族[D]individuals个人【答案】B【考点】词汇辨析【难度系数】0.422【解析】空的前句指出西班牙和葡萄牙殖民地成为了独立的国家。
空所在的语境为：大约200万这些国家的看到未来。
显然这里填的词应该表示这些国家的居民。
四个选项中B项最能准确表达此项含义，故答案为B。
2.[A]confusedly困惑地[B]cheerfully快乐地[C]worriedly焦虑地[D]hopefully有希望地【答案】D【考点】逻辑搭配【难度系数】0.569【解析】显然这里填的一个词是形容民众是如何看待未来的状况的。
文章首句已经说明这些前殖民地相继独立，对于刚脱离殖民统治的民众来说，这是应该一个令人欣喜的事件，因此，后文的论述也应与此一致。
D项最能反映这一情形，故答案为D。
3.[A]shared分享[B]forgot忘记[C]attained获得[D]rejected拒绝【答案】A【考点】词汇搭配【难度系数】0.418【解析】空所在的语意为：许多独立国家的领导者典型的政府理念，……，以及把个体的信仰作为社会的基础。
显然典型政府、职业、和自由贸易等都是对这一理念的具体说明，应该是这些领导人共同持有的。
能表现一个群体拥有共同想法的动词只有A，故答案为A。
4.[A]related与……有联系[B]close接近[C]open开放的[D]devoted专心致志于做……【答案】C【考点】词汇辨析【难度系数】0.273【解析】我们已经判断出文章对这些领导人行为描述都是正面的，那么职业对有才能的人开放应该符合这种态度，故答案为C。
2007英语一真题及解析答案
2007英语一真题及解析答案2007年的英语一真题是许多考生备战高考的关键之一，对于我们来说，熟悉并掌握真题的解析答案是提高分数的重要途径之一。
在本文中，我们将对2007年英语一真题进行解析，并探讨相关答案的解析。
第一部分，阅读判断题：1. 题干：The article suggests that the misunderstanding between the two sides of the Taiwan Strait ________.选项：A. can only be settled through common effortsB. is so profound that it has paralyzed the direct trade between the two sidesC. has undermined the progress in other aspects of the cross-Strait relationsD. should be fundamentally attributed to Taiwanese separatists答案：C. has undermined the progress in other aspects of the cross-Strait relations解析：根据题干可知，该题是考察对于两岸关系的理解。
通过仔细阅读原文，我们可以得出答案是C。
文章中提到“these ailingrelations have undermined the progress in other aspects of the cross-Strait relations”。
因此，选项C是正确的。
2. 题干：According to the National Consumer Week campaign, we can learn that ________.选项：A. most buyers don’t care about the refund policy of the products they buyB. a lot of stores only focus on selling products and ignore the consumers’ rightsC. it is wise to consult the seller about refund policy before making a purchaseD. buyers should always avoid buying products without a refund policy答案：C. it is wise to consult the seller about refund policy before making a purchase解析：题目要求我们根据《National Consumer Week》活动的宣传来得出结论。
2007年高考真题(全国卷1)(数学文)
2007年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试文 科 数 学本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分。
第Ⅰ卷1至2页。
第Ⅱ卷3至4页。
考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第Ⅰ卷注意事项：1. 答题前，考生在答题卡上务必用直径0.5毫米黑色墨水签字笔将自己的姓名、准考证号填写清楚，并贴好条形码。
请认真核准条形码上的准考证号、姓名和科目。
2. 每小题选出答案后 ，用2B 铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑，如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号，在试题卷上作答无效。
3.本卷共12小题，每小题5分，共60分。
在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的。
参考公式：如果事件A 、B 互斥，那么 球的表面积公式 ()()()P A B P A P B +=+ 24S R π= 如果事件A 、B 相互独立，那么 其中R 表示球的半径 ()()()P A B P A P B ⋅=⋅ 球的体积公式如果事件A 在一次实验中发生的概率是P ，那么 V =343R πn 次独立重复试验中事件A 恰好发生k 次的概率 其中R 表示球的半径()(1)k kn k n n p k C p p -=-（k=0，1，2，……，n ）一、选择题（1）设{|210}S x x =+>，{|350}T x x =-<，则S T ⋂= A.∅B 。
1{|}2x x <C 。
5{|}3x x >D 。
15{|}23x x -<< （2）a 是第四象限角，12cos 13a =，则sin a =（A ）513(B) 513-(C)512(D) 512-（3）已知向量a=（-5，6），b=(6,5),则a 与b（A ）垂直 （B ）不垂直也不平行 （C ）平行且同向 （D ）平行且反向（4）已知双曲线的离心率为2，焦点是（－4，0），（4，0），则双曲线方程为（A ）221412x y -=（B ）221124x y -= （C ）221106x y -=（D ）221610x y -= （5）甲、乙、丙3位同学选修课程，从4门课程中，甲选修2门，乙、丙各选修3门，则不同的选修方案共有（A ）36种（B ）48种（C ）96种（D ）192种（6）下面给出的四个点中，位于1010x y x y +-<⎧⎨-+>⎩，表示的平面区域内的点是（A ）（0，2）（B ）（－2，0）（C ） （0，－2）（D ）（2，0）（7）如图，正四棱柱ABCD —A 1B 1C 1D 1中，AA 1=2AB ，则异面直线A 1B与AD 1所成角的余弦值为（A ）15 （B ） 25（C ） 35（D ） 45（8）设1a >，函数()log a f x x =在区间[],2a a 上的最大值与最小值之差为12，则a =（A （B ）2 （C ）（D ）4（9）()f x ，()g x 是定义在R 上的函数，()()()h x f x g x =+，则“()f x ，()g x 均为偶函数”是“()h x 为偶函数”的（A ）充要条件 （B ）充分而不必要的条件 （C ）必要而不充分的条件 （D ）既不充分也不必要的条件（10）函数22cos y x =的一个单调增区间是（A ）（,44ππ-） （B ）（0，2π） （C ）（3,44ππ） （D ）（2π，π）（11）曲线2313y x x =+在点（1，43）处的切线与坐标轴围成的三角面积为（A ）19 （B ）29 （C ）13 （D ）23（12）抛物线24y x =的焦点为F ，准线为l ，经过F x 轴上方的部分相交于点A ，AK ⊥l ,垂足为K ，则△AKF 的面积是（A ）4（B ）（C ）（D ）82007年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试文科数学 第Ⅱ卷注意事项：1.答题前，考生先在答题卡上用直径0.5毫米黑色墨水签字笔将自己的姓名、准考证号填写清楚，然后贴好条形码。
07年专四真题及答案详解
2007年专四真题及答案PARTⅠ DICTIONListen to the following passage. Altogether the passage will be read to you four times. During the first reading, which will be done at normal speed, listen and try to understand the meaning. For the second and third readings, the passage will be read sentence by sentence, or phrase by phrase, with intervals of 15 seconds. The last reading will be done at normal speed again and during this time you should check your work. You will then be given 2 minutes to check through your work once more.Please write the whole passage on ANSWER SHEET ONE.PART II LISTENING COMPREHENSION [20 MIN]In Sections A B and C you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the correct answer to each question on Answer Sheet Two.SECTION A CONVERSATIONSIn this section you will hear several conversations. Listen to the conversations carefully and then answer the questions that follow.Questions 1 to 3 are based on the following conversation. At the end of the conversation, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions. Now, listen to the conversation.1. Which of the following is NOT needed for the Lost Property Form?B.NationalityC. AddressD.Phone number2.From the conversation we know that Mark Adams comes fromA.EssexB.EdinburghC.LondonD.The US.3.What will Mark Adams do the day after tomorrow?A.To come to the office againB.To wait for the phone callC.To call the officeD.To write to the officeQuestions 4 to 7 are based on the following conversation. At the end of the conversation, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions. Now, listen to the conversation.4.Members of the club are required toA.register when they arrive.B.bring up to three guests.C.register their guests.D.show membership cards on arrival.5.Which of the following details about the changing rooms is NOT correct?A.There is a change for the use of the lockerB.Showers are installed in the changing rooms.C.Lockers are located in the changing roomsD.Lockers are used to store personal belongings.6.According to the club’s rules, members can playA.for 30minutes only.B.for one hour only.C.within the booked time only.D.longer than the booked time.7.Which of the following details is NOT correct?A.Players can eat in the club room.B.Players have to leave the club by ten o’clock.C.The courts are closed earlier than the club room.D.Players can use both the club room and the courts.Questions 8 to 10 are based on the following conversation. At the end of the conversation, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions. Now, listen to the conversation.8.At the university Mr. Robinson specialized inA.mathsB.physicsC.water managementD.geography9.Mr. Robinson worked for the Indian Government because ofA.university links.ernment agreements.pany projects.D.degree reuirements.10.After Mr. Robinson returned from India, heA.changed jobs several times.B.went to live in Manchester.C.did similar work as in India.D.became head of a research team.SECTION B PASSAGESIn this section, you will hear several passages. Listen to the passages carefully and thenanswer the questions that follow.Questions 11 to 13 are based on the following passage. ,4t the end of the passage, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions. Now, listen to the passage.11.According to the talk, the owner of a bike has toA.register his bike immediatelyB.put his bike on a list at onceC.have it stamped with a numberD.report to the police station12.The speaker in the talk recommendsA.two locks for all expensive bikes.B.a good lock for an expensive bike.C.cheap locks for cheap bikes.D.good locks for cheap bikes.13.What is the main idea of the talk?A.How to have the bike stamped.B.How to protect your bike.C.How to buy good locks.D.How to report your lost bike to the police.Questions 14 to 17 are based on the following passage. At the end of the passage, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions. Now, listen to the passage.14.Which course(s) runs or run for one hour each time?A.Conversation class.B.Writing Skills class.C.Examination Skills class.D.All of the three courses.15.Which course(s) does or do NOT require enrolment beforehand?A.Conversation class.B.Writing Skills class.C.Examination Skills class.D.All of the three courses.16.Which course(s) is(are) designed especially for students of economics and social sciences?A.Conversation class.B.Writing Skills class.C.Examination Skills class.D.All if the three courses.17.Which course(s) is(are) the shortest?A.Conversation class.B.Writing skills classC.Examination Skills class.D.All language courses.Questions 18 to 20 are based on the following passage. At the end of the passage, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions. Now, listen to the passage.18.How old was Leonardo da Vinci when he moved to Milan?A.25.B.30.C.35.D.40.19.Throughout his life, Leonardo da Vinci worked as all the following EXCEPTA.a painterB.an engineerC.an architectD.a builder20.Where did Leonardo da Vinci die?A.In FranceB.In MilanC.In FlorenceD.In TuscanySECTION C NEWS BROADCASTIn this section, you will hear several news items. Listen to them carefully and then answer the questions that follow.Questions 21 to 22are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions. Now. listen to the news.21.Who had to leave the Gaza Strip and the West Bank?A.The Israeli army.B.The Jewish settlers.C.The Palestinians.D.The Israeli Prime Minister.22.How many settlements would have to be removed altogrther in the Gaza Strip and the West Bank?A.2B.4C.21D.25Questions 23 to 24 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions. Now. listen to the news.23. Which of the following in NOT mentioned in the news?A.The agreement has to be approved by Romania.B.The agreement has to be approved by Bulgaria.C.The agreement has to be approved by some EU states.D.The agreement has to be approved by all the EU states.24.Romania and Bulgaria can not join the EU in 2007 unless they carry out reforms in the following areas EXCEPTA.manufacturing.B.border control.C.adminstration.D.justice.Questions 25 to 26are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions. Now. listen to the news.25.What is the theme of the forum?A.Business leadership.B.Global business community.C.Economic prospects in China.D.Business and government in China.26.According to the news, the first forum was heldA.10 years ago.B.3 years ago.C.in 1999.D.in 2001.Questions 27to 28 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions. Now. listen to the news.27.About ______of the 15000 visitors on the opening day of HongKong Disneyland camefrom the mainland.A.4000B.5000C.6000D. 700028.According to the news, residents in ______showed least interest in visiting the theme park.A.BeijingB.GuangzhouC.ShanghaiD.HongKongQuestions 29 to 30 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions. Now. listen to the news.29.What is the news mainly about?A.Religious violence.B.Refugee issues.C.A ferry disaster.D.A rescue operation30.The ferry boat was designed to carry______passengers.A.198B.200C.290D.500PART III CLOSE [15 MIN]Decide which of the choices given below would best complete the passage if inserted in the corresponding blanks.Mark the best choice for each blank on your answer sheet.Until I took Dr Offutt’s class in DeMatha High school , I was an underachieving student,but I left that class (31)_______never to underachieve again.He not only Taught me to think,he convinced me,(32)________by example as words that it was my moral (33)_______to do so and to serve others.(34)_____of us could know how our relationship would(35)_______over the years .When I came back to DeMatha to teach English, I worked for Dr Offutt,the department chair.My discussions with him were like graduate seminars in adolescent(36)______,classroom management and school leadership.After several years,I was (37) _______department chair,and our relationship (38)________ again. I thought that it might be (39)______chairing the department ,since all of my (40)______English teachers were(41)_______there,but Dr. Offutt supported me(42)_______.He knew when to give me advice(43)_______curriculum,texts personnel ,and when to let me (44)______my own course.In 1997,I needed his (45)______about leaving DeMatha to become principal at another school.(46)_______he had asked me to stay at DeMatha,I might have .(47)_______,he encouraged me to seize the opportunity.Five years ago ,I became the principal of DeMatha.(48)________,Dr Offutt was there for me,letting me know that I could (49)_______him. I have learned from him that great teachers have an inexhaustible(50)________of lessons to teach.31. A.concerned B.worried C.determined D.decided32. A. as much B. much as C. as such D. such as33.A. work B. job C. duty D.obligation34.A. Both B. Neither C. Either D. Each35. A. evolve B. stay C. remain D. turn36.A.process B.procedure C.development D.movement37.A.called d C.asked D.invited38.A. moved B. altered C. went D. shifted39.A.awkward B.uneasy C.unnatural D.insensitive40.A. older B.experienced C.former D. /41. A. / B.still C.even D.already42. A.through B.throughout C.at the beginning D.all the way43. A.for B.at C.over D.about44. A.chart B.head C.describe D.manage45.A.opinion B.request C.permission D.order46.A.Even if B.Although C.If D.When47.A.Naturally B.Instead C.Consequently D.Still48.A.Once again B.Repeatedly C.Unusally D.Unexpectedly49.A.count in B.count down C.count out D.count on50.A.stock B.bank C.wealth D.storePART IV GRAMMER &VOCABULARY [15MIN]There are thirty sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A,B,C and D. Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentences.51. There are as good fish in the sea _____ever came out of it .A.thanB.likeC.asD.so52.All the President’s Men ______one of the important books for historians who study the Watergate Scandal.A.remainB.remainsC.remainedD.is remaining53.“You ______ borrow my notes provided you take care of them,” I told my friend.A.couldB.shouldC.mustD.can54.If only the patient ______a different treatment instead of using the antibiotics, he might still be alive now.A.had receivedB.receivedC.should receiveD.were receiving55.Linda was _____the experiment a month ago,but she changed her mind at the last minute.A. to startB.to have startedC.to be startingD.to have been starting56.She _____fifty or so when I first met her at the conference.A. must beB.had beenC.could beD.must have been57.It is not ______much the language as the background that makes the book difficult to understand.A.thatB.asC.soD.very58.The comminttee has anticipated the problems that ________in the road construction project.A.ariseB.will ariseC.aroseD.have arisen59.The student said there were a few points in the essay he _______impossible to comprehend.A.had foundB.findsC.has foundD.would find60.He would have finished his college education,but he _______to quit and find a job to support his family.A.had hadB.hasC.hadD.would have61.The research requires more money than ________.A.have been put inB.has been put inC.being put inD.to be put in62.Overpopulation poses a terrible threat to the human race.Yet it is probably ________a threat to the human race than enviromental destruction.A.no moreB.not moreC.even moreD.much more63.It is not uncommon for there _______problems of communication between the old and the young.A.beingB.would beC.beD.to be64.________at in his way,the situation does not seem so desperate.A.LookingB.lookedC.Being lookedD.to look65.It is absolutely essential that William________his study in spite of some learning difficulties.A.will continueB.continuedC.continueD.continues66.The painting he bought at the street market the other day was a_______forgery.A.man-madeB.naturalC.crudeD.real67.She’s always been kind to me –I can’t just turn ______on her now that she needs my help.A.my backB.my headC.my eyeD.shoulder68.The bar in the club is for the ______use of its members.A.extensiveB.exclusiveC.inclusiveprehensive69.The tutition fees are ______to students coming from low-income families.A.approachableB.payableC.reachableD.affordable70.The medical experts warned the authorities of the danger of diseases in the _______of the earthquake.A.consequenceB.aftermathC.resultsD.effect71.This sort of rude behaviour in public hardly ______a person in your position.A.becomesB.fitsC. supportsD.improves72.I must leave now._______,if you want that book I’ll bring it next time.A.AccidentallyB.IncidentallyC.EventuallyD.Naturally73.After a long delay,she ______replying to my e-mail.A.got away withB.got back atC.got byD.got round to74.Personal computers are no longer something beyond the ordinary people;they are________available these days.A.promptlyB.instantlyC.readilyD.quickly75.In my first year at the university I learnt the _______of journalism.A.basicsB.basicC.elementaryD.elements76.According to the new tax law,any money earned over that level is taxed at the ______of 59 percentA.ratioB.percentageC.proportionD.rate77.Thousands of _______at the stadium came to their feet to pay tribute to an outstanding performance.A.audienceB.participantsC.spectatorsD.observers78.We stood still ,gazing out over the limitless ______of the dessert.A.spaceB.expanseC.stretchnd79.Doctor often ______uneasiness in the people they deal with.A.smellB.hearC.senseD.tough80.Mary sat at the table, looked at the plate and ______her lips.A.smackedB.openedC.partedD.seperated PART V READING COMPREHENSION [25MIN]In this section there are four passages followed by questions or unfinished statements,each with four suggested answers marked A,B,C and D. Choose the one that you think is the best answer.TEXT AIf you like the idea of staying with with a family,living in house might be the answer.Good landladies---those who are superb cooks and launderers,are figures as popular in fiction as the bad ones who terrorize their guests and overcharge them at the slightest opportunity.The truth is probably somewhere between the two extremes.If you are lucky,the food will be adequate, some of your laundry may be done for you and you will have a reasonable amount of comfort and companionship .For the less fortunate ,house rules may restrict the freedom to invite friends to vistit,and shared cooking and bathroom facilities can be frustrating and row-provoking if tidy and untidy guests are living under the same roof.The same disadvantages can apply to flat sharing,with the added difficulties that arise from deciding who pays for what,and in what proportion.One person may spend hours on the phone,while another rarely makes calls. If you want privacy with a guest , how do you persuade the others to go out; how do you persuade them to leave you in peace,especially if you are student and want to study?Conversely,flat sharing can be cheap,there will always be someone to talk to and go out with,and the chores,in theory,can be shared.81.According to the passage ,landladies are ________ually strict.B.always mean.C.adequately competent.D.very popular with their guests.82.What is the additional disadvantage of flat sharing ?A.Problems of sharing and paying.B.Differences in living habits.C.Shared cooking and bathroom facilities.D.Restriction to invite friends to visit.83.What is NOT mentioned as a benefit of flat sharing?A.Rent is affordableB.There is companionship.C.Housework can be shared.D.There is peace and quiet.TEXT B(1) Travelling through the country a couple of weeks ago on business,I waslistening to the talk of the late UK writer Douglas Adams’ masterwork “The Hitchhiker’s Guide to the Galaxy” on the radio and thought-I know,I’ll pick up the next hitchhikers I see and ask them what the state of real hitching is today in Britain.(2)I drove and drove on main roads and side roads for the next few days and never saw a single one.(3)When I was in my teens and 20s ,hitchhiking was a main form of long-distance transport.The kindness or curiosity of strangers took me all over Europe,North America,Asia and southern Africa,Some of the lift-givers became friends ,many provided hospitality on the road.(4)Not only did you find out much more about a country than when traveling by train or plane ,but there was that element of excitement about where you would finish up that night.Hitchhiking featured importantly in Western culture.It has books and songs about it .So what has happened to it?(5)A few years ago ,I asked the same question about hitching in a column ofa newspaper.Hundreds of people from all over the world responded with their view on the state of hitchhiking .(6)Rural Ireland was recommended as a friendly place for hitching,as was Quebec,Canada-“if you don’t mind being criticized for not speaking French”.(7)But while hitchhiking was clearly still alive and well in some places ,the general feeling was that throughtout much of the west it was doomed.(8)With so much news about crime in the media,people assumed that anyone on the open road without the money for even a bus ticket must present a danger.But do we need to be so wary both to hitch and to give a lift?(9)In Poland in the 1960s,according to a Polish woman who e-mail me ,＂the authorities introduced the Hitchhiker’s Booklet.The booklet contained coupons for drivers,so each time a driver picked somebody ,he or she received a coupon.At the end of the season,drivers who had picked up the most hikers were rewarded with various prizes.Everyone was hitchhiking then”.(10)Surely this is a good idea for society.Hitchhiking would increase respect by breaking down barriers between strangers.It would help fight global warming by cutting down on fuel consumption as hitchhikers would be using existing fuels.It would also improve educational standards by delivering instant lessons in geography ,history,politics and sociology.(11)A century before Douglas Adams wrote his “Hitchhiker’s Guide”,another adventure story writer,Robert Louis Stevenson, gave us that what should be the hitchhiker’s motto:＂To travel hopefully is a better thing than to arrive.” What better time than putting a holiday weekend into practice. Either put it to the test yourself, or help out someone who is trying to travel hopefully with thumb outstretched.84. In which paragraph(s) does the writer comment on his experience of hitchhiking?A. (3)B. (4)C. (3) and (4)D. (4) and (5)85. What is the current situation of hitchhiking?A. It is popular in some parts of the world.B. It is popular throughout the west.C. It is popular only in the North Amercia.D.It’s still popular in Poland.86. What is the writer’s attitude towards the practice in Poland?A. Critical.B. Unclear.C. Somewhat favourable.D. Strongly favourable.87. The writer has mentioned all the following benefits of hitchhiking EXCEPTA. promoting mutual respect between strangers.B. increasing one’s confidence in strangers.C. protecting enviroment.D. enriching one’s knowledge.88.＂Either put it to the test yourself…”in Paragraph (11) meansA. to experience the hopefulness.B. to read Adams’ book.C. to offer someone a lift.D.to be a hitchhiker.TEXT CI am afraid to sleep. I have been afraid to sleep for the last few weeks. I am so tired that, finally, I do sleep, but only for a few minutes. It is not a bad dream that wakes me ; it is the realiry I took with me into sleep . I try to think of something else.Immediately the woman in the marketplace comes into my mind.I was on my way to dinner last night when I saw her . She was selling skirts. She moved with the same ease and loveliness I often saw in the women of Laos. Her long black hair was as shiny as the black silk of the skirts she was selling . In her hair, she wore three silk ribbons, blue ,green, and white. They reminded me of my childhood and how my girlfriends and I used to spend hours braiding ribbons into our hair.I don’t know the word for “ribbons”, so I put my hand to my own hair and , with three fingers against my head , I looked at her ribbons and said “Beautiful.”She lowered her eyes and said nothing. I wasn’t sure if she understood me (I don’t speak Laotian very well).I looked back down at the skirts. They had designs in them: squares and triangles and circles of pink and green silk. They were very pretty. I decided to buy one of those skirts, and I began to bargain with her over the price. It is the custom to bargain in Asia. In Laos bargaining is done in soft voices and easy moves with the sort of quiet peacefulness.She smiled, more with her eyes than with her lips. She was pleased by the fewwords I was able to say in her language, although they were mostly numbers, and she saw that I understood something about the soft playfulness of bargaining. We shook our heads in disagreement over the price; then, immediately, we made another offer and then another shake of the head. She was so pleased that unexpectedly, she accepted the last offer I made. But it was too soon. The price was too low. She was being too generous and wouldn’t make enough money. I moved quickly and picked up two more skirts and paid for all three at the price set; that way I was able to pay her three times as much before she had a chance to lower the price for the larger purchase. She smiled openly then, and, for the first time in months, my spirit lifted. I almost felt happy.The feeling stayed with me while she wrapped the skirts in a newspaper and handed them to me. When I left, though, the feeling left, too. It was as though it stayed behind in the marketplace. I left tears in my throat. I wanted to cry. I didn’t , of course.I have learned to defend myself against what is hard; without knowing it, I have also learned to defend myself against what is soft and what should be easy.I get up, light a candle and want to look at the skirts. They are still in the newspaper that the woman wrapped them in. I remove the paper, and raise the skirts up to look at them again before I pack them. Something falls to floor. I reach down and feel something cool in my hand. I move close to the candlelight to see what I have. There are five long silk ribbons in my hand, all different colours. The woman in the maketplace! She has given these ribbons to me!There is no defense against a generous spirit, and this time I cry, and very hard, as if I could make up for all the months that I didn’t cry.89.According to the writer, the woman in the marketplaceA refused to speak to her.B was pleasant and attractive.C was selling skirts ribbons.D recognized her immediately.90. Which of the following in NOT corret?A. The writer was not used to bargaining.B. People in Asia always bargain when buying things.C. Bargaining in Laos was quiet and peaceful.D.The writer was ready to bargain with the woman.91. The writer assumed that the woman accepted the last offer mainly because the womanA. thought that the last offer was reasonable.B.thought she could still make much money.C.was glad that the writer knew their way of bargaining.D. was tired of bargaining with the writer any more.92. Why did the writer finally decide to buy three skirts?A.The skirts were cheap and pretty.B.She liked the patterns on the skirts.C.She wanted to do something as compensation.D.She was fed up with further bargainning with the woman.93.When the writer left the marketplace, she wanted to cry, but did not becauseA. she had learned to stay cool and unfeeling.B. she was afraid of crying in public.C.she had learned to face difficulties bravely.D. she had to show in public that she was strong.94. Why did the writer cry eventually when she looked at the skirts again?A.she suddently felt very sad.B.she liked the ribbons so much.C.she was overcome by emotion.D.she felt sorry for the woman.TEXT DThe kids are hanging out. I pass small bands of students, on my way to work these mornings.They have become a familiar part of the summer landscape.These kids are not old enough for jobs. Nor are they rich enough for camp. They are school children without school. The calendar called the school year ran out on them a few weeks ago. Once supervised by teachers and principals, they now appear to be “self care”.Passing them is like passing through a time zone. For much of our history, after all, Americans arranged the school year around the needs of work and family. In 19th century cities, schools were open seven or eight hours a day, 11 months a year.In rural America, the year was arranged around the growing season. Now, only 3 percent of families follow the agricultural model, but nearly all schools are scheduled as if our children went home early to milk the cows and took months off to work the crops. Now, three-quarters of the mothers of school-age children work, but the calendar is written as if they were home waiting for the school bus.The six-hour day, the 180-day school year is regarded as something holy. But when parents work an eight-hour day and a 240-day year, it means something different. It means that many kids go home to empty houses. It means that, in the summer, they hang out.“We have a huge mismatch between the school calendar and the realisties of family life,”says Dr. Ernest Boyer ,head of the Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching.Dr. Boyer is one of many who believe that a radical revision of the school calendar is inevitable.＂School, whether we like it or not, is educational. It always has been.”His is not popular idea. Schools are routinely burdened with the job of solving all our social problems. Can they be asked to meet the needs of our work and family lives?It may be easier to promote a longer school year on its educational merits and, indeed, the educational case is compelling. Despite the complaints and studies about our kids’ lack of learning, the United State still has a shorter school year than any industrial nation. In most of Europe, the school year is 220 days. In Japan, it is 240 days long. While classroom time alone doesn’t produce a well-educated。
2007年国家公务员考试(公共基础知识)真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)
2007年国家公务员考试（公共基础知识）真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. 单项选择题 2. 多项选择题 3. 判断题 4. 公文改错题 5. 案例分析题6. 综合分析题单项选择题1．世界惟一不变的是变化，这一论断的含义是( )。
A．变是世界的本原B．世界上只有变，没有不变C．变是绝对的，不变是相对的D．变与不变是绝对对立的正确答案：C解析：本题考察运动和静止的关系。
运动(变化)是绝对的，静止(不变)是相对的。
A项中变化是指世界存在的状态而不是本原；B项中只强调运动(变化)而否认静止(不变)；D项否认了变与不变既对立又统一。
A、B、D三项排除。
正确答案为C。
2．股份合作经济的性质是( )。
A．私有制经济的一种形式B．外贸经济的一种形式C．国有经济的一种形式D．集体经济的一种形式．正确答案：D解析：股份合作制是在我国经济改革中产生的一种新的公有制实现形式，是具有中国特色的企业组织制度。
股份合作制性质属于集体经济，是社会主义公有制的多种实现形式之一。
正确答案为D。
3．科学发展观的内涵是( )。
A．坚持以经济建设为中心，全面、协调、可持续的发展观B．坚持以人为本，全面、协调、可持续的发展观C．坚持实现速度和结构、质量、效益相统一的发展观D．按照“五个统筹”的要求推进改革和发展正确答案：B解析：党的十六届三中全会，依据马克思主义的世界观和方法论，从新世纪新阶段党和国家事业发展的全局出发，科学地提出了以人为本，全面、协调、可持续的发展观。
正确答案为B。
4．下列属于按劳分配性质的收入有( )。
A．私营企业主的劳动收入B．股份合作制企业的按股收入C．国有企业职工的工资收入D．存入银行的利息收入正确答案：C解析：私营企业的劳动收入是按劳分配以外的劳动和经营收入，如果私营企业主经营失误，即使投入了劳动，也可能一无所获。
同样，选项B和D属于按其他生产要素分配。
正确答案为C。
5．“时间、空间是一切事物的贮藏所”，这是( )。
2007年国考真题
1、行为科学研究显示，工作中的人际关系通常不那么复杂，也宽松些，可能是由于这种人际关系更有规律，更易于预料，因此也更容易协调，因为人们知道他们每天都要共同努力，相互协作，才能完成一定的工作。
这段文字主要是在强调：A ．普通的人际关系缺乏规律B ．工作人员之间的关系比较简单C ．共同的目标使工作人员很团结D ．维系良好的人际关系要靠共同努力2 、(2006 年江苏)投资开放式基金不但会取得较高收益，还能达到合法避税的效果，由于基金获得的股息、红利及企业债的利息收人，由上市公司在基金派发时代扣代缴 20％的个人所得税，因此，基金向个人投资者分配时不再代扣代缴个人所得税。
日前，居民可以投资的开放式基金主要有股票型基金、债券型基金和货币型基金。
以货币基金为例，日前货币基金的年收益虽然降到了 2％左右，但考虑不纳税因素，仍然比一年期的税后储蓄收益高 0．2 个百分点。
这段文字主要说明的是( )。
A．居民投资开放式基金的种类C．货币基金应考虑不纳税因素B．投资开放式基金收益较高D．上市公司代扣代缴个人所得税3、物质文化、技术文化的传播，其意义不仅仅局限于物质的和技术的领域，它们还可能影响人们的精神世界和生活方式，甚至产生意料之外的效果。
因为这些物质产品和技术发明，还体现了创造者、发明者的精神理念、审美情趣和价值追求，体现了他们作为某一文化共同体成员所接受的文化传统的濡染和教育。
而物质文化和技术文化的输出，间接地传达了这种物质产品所包含的精神内容和文化内涵，因而也就使其成为文化整体的代表而传播并发生影响。
这段文字的主旨是()。
A.物质产品的文化内涵来自于文化传统B.物质文化与技术文化也能影响人们的精神文化C.不同文化中共有的文化传统促进了物质文化的传播D.物质文化与技术文化是在与不同文化的碰撞中发展的4、财富的增加与道德的堕落并不必然成正比。
但如果财富的增加不能与公正地分配财富并行，如果社会的普遍的道德水平非但不能相应地得到提高，反而持续不断地下降，那就谈不上有实质意义的自由与平等，社会就不可能成为一个更加美好的社会。
2007年英语真题+答案解析
河南省2007年普通高等学校选拔优秀专科毕业生进入本科阶段学习考试公共英语Part Ⅰ Word Formation (1×10 points)Directions: There are 10 incomplete statements in this part. You should fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word, and write the right answer in the brackets.1.All the men were under heavy ____ working day and night (press).2.The young industrial engineer did everything in a ____ way (leisure)3.These activities help to greatly ____ the ties among the club members (strong).4.She repeated his name ____, too shocked to say more (help).5.Many foreign words and phrases have_______the English language.(rich).6.Nowadays, we are in a very_______business environment.(competition).7.As a college student, you should aim for an __of knowledge well beyond your area of specialization.(expand)8.In our ____, the laboring people are masters of country (social).9.She is always ____ to help others (will).10.His stories written in her later years were not interesting because of his ____ of imagination(poor).Part Ⅱ Vocabulary and Structure (1×40 points)Directions: There are 40 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentences, and then write the choice in the brackets.11.One of the requirements for a fire is that the material ____ to its burning temperature.A. is heatedB. will be heatedC. be heatedD. would be heated12.I have to ________ my expenditure to my income.A. transferB. adjustC. directD. add13.If he had been in better health, he ________ more books.A. can writeB. could have writtenC. could writeD. have written14.With the development of industry, this region will surely ________.A. DevelopB. profitC. succeedD. thrive15.I’m going to spend the winter vacation in Shanghai, ________ I have relatives.A. WhichB. neverthelessC. whereD. when16. The new campus is ________ as the old one.A.twice as bigB.as twice bigC.twice bigD.big as twice17.If ________ to speak, he has no problem expressing himself.A. AskedB. askingC. askD. to be asked18.Mum is getting old, so her memory is not very ________ these days.A. TrueB. forgettableC. reliableD. credit19.Which door does this key ________to?A. SetB. fitC. becomeD. belong20.Much ________ my regret, I am unable to accept your kind invitation.A. toB. atC. withD. by21.It ought to be you ________ me that signs the letter.A. butB. in spite ofC. ratherD. rather than22.Literature must consist of words, ________ music must consist of sounds.A. even thoughB. so thatC. just asD. ever since23.If the building project ________ by the end of this month is delayed, the construction company will be fined.A. being completedB. is completedC. to be completedD. completed24.I prefer walking ________.A.to driveB.to drivingC.than driveD.than driving25.The committee a conclusion only after days of discussion.A. AchievedB. reachedC. arrivedD. completed is ________ among the seven continents.A. largestB. the largestC. largerD. the larger27. You me because I didn’t say that.A. must understandB. must be understandingC. must have understoodD. had to misunderstand28.Generally speaking, nodding your head is to saying yes.A. contraryB. equivalentC. secondaryD.relevant29.I have been to the West Lake three times 1970.A. sinceB. untilC. fromD. after30. gathering and storing information, the computer can also solve complicated problems.A. Not onlyB. UnlessC. ExceptD. Besides31.Seldom in such a rude way.A. we have been treatedB. have we been treatedC. we have treatedD. have we treated32. , that step is not safe!A. Look aroundB. Look upC. Look outD. Look down33.He went on to say that it was as important to respect others as ________ by others.A. to be respectedB. to respectC. being respectedD. respected34.I saw a traffic this morning.A. eventB. conflictC. damageD. accident35. you ought to do is to see a doctor.A. HowB. WhatC. WhichD. That36.Every means but without much result.A. have been triedB. has been triedC. have triedD. has tried37.Finding it difficult to to the climate in the city, he decided to move to the north.A. fitB. adoptC. suitD. adapt38.We must begin testing this instrument, no matter difficult it is.A. howeverB. howC. whateverD. what39.He climbed up into the tree and picked all the fruit reach.A. withinB. beyondC. offD. inside40.The man was stolen called the police.A. his walletB. the wallet of hisC. whose walletD. the wallet of whom41.Those opinions are now out of .A. orderB. formC. moodD. fashion42.Neither Mary nor her sister to the party.A. goB. are goingC. have goneD. is going43.Any student in swimming can apply for membership.A. having a keen interestB. with a keen interestingC. who is keenly interestingD. has a keen interest44.Just because he failed once, it does not that he will fail every time.A. followB. happenC. appearD. seem45.He plays not only the piano, the violin.A. and alsoB. but alsoC. but as well asD. but as well46.The population of the world is growing at a dangerous .A. stepB. measureC. rateD. progress47. him do this job by himself ?A. Why don’t letB. Why not lettingC. Why not letD. Why you not to let48.He speaks English ________ better than I.A. veryB. muchC. tooD. so49.There can be no doubt someone had visited the house before they arrived.A. whyB. whetherC. howD. that50.He grew more and more absorbed in his work, he almost forgot his meals.A. that to such an extentB. to an extent such thatC. to such an extentD. such that to an extentPart Ⅲ Reading Comprehension (2×20 points)Directions: There are 4 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or incomplete statements. For each of them there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice, and write it in the brackets.Passage 1Advertising follows us everywhere. Whenever we turn on the television, listen to the radio or open a newspaper or a magazine, we are bombarded with advertisements. They invite us to try a new type of orange juice, wear X brand jeans or watch the latest film. They beg us to notice the difference and discover the advantages. They exist to make us want what they are selling.Strangely, the more we are exposed to advertising, the less we notice it. We get so used to seeing advertisements everywhere that they become largely invisible, as if they were another part of our everyday lives. But does that mean that we are no longer affected by them?One advertising expert believes that the special power of advertising lies in the fact that we do not pay much attention to it. Dr. Krugman, who was head of research for a major advertising company for many years, says that the less we notice ads, the more we are affected by them. Dr. Krugman believes that when we stop noticing advertisements, we lower our defenses, allowing the messages of the advertisements to be taken in and stored, ready to be triggered into action at the right moment. He says that the effects of advertising on the individual are small, but over a period of time they have a powerful effect on the masses.A market analyst says that all advertising, no matter how innocent, is misleading in some way.When asked about the power of advertising in research surveys, most people agree that it works, but not on them. Almost everyone believes that they have complete control over how thousands of ads they see every day affect them.51. Ads exist to make people want________ .A. a new type of orange juiceB. X brand jeansC. to watch the latest filmD. what they advertise52. The more we see ads, the less we .A. pay attention to themB. feel tired of themC. neglect themD. put up with them53. Although we may think we are not affected by them, Dr. Krugman believes that advertisements affect________ .A. all of usB. most of usC. some of usD. a few individuals54. Dr. Krugman believes that when we stop noticing ads, we begin to________ .A. like themB. be on guard against themC. accept themD. dislike them55. When asked about the power of ads, most people agree that ads are ineffective on________ .A. IndividualsB. massesC. OthersD. themPassage 2Like most people, I was brought up to look upon life as a process of getting. It was not until in my late thirties that I made this important discovery: giving away makes life so much more exciting. You need not worry if you lack money. This is how I experimented with giving away. If an idea for improving the window display of a neighborhood store flashes to me, I step in and make the suggestion to the storekeeper. One discovery I made about giving away is that it is almost impossible to give away anything in this world without getting something back, though the return often comes in an unexpected form. One Sunday morning the local post office delivered an important special delivery letter to my home, though it was addressed to me at my office. I wrote the postmaster a note of appreciation. More than a year later I needed a post office box for a new business I was starting. I was told at the window that there were no boxes left, and that my name would have to go on a long waiting list. As I was about to leave, the postmaster appeared in the doorway. He had overheard our conversation. “Wasn’t it you that wrote us that letter a year agoabout delivering a special delivery to your home?” I said yes. “Well, you certainly are g oing to have a box in this post office if we have to make one for you. You don’t know what a letter like that means to us. We usually get nothing but complaints.”56. From the passage, we understand that________ .A. the author did not understand the importance of giving until he was in late thirtiesB. the author was like most people who were mostly receivers rather than giversC. the author received the same education as most people during his childhoodD. the author liked most people as they looked upon life as a process of getting57. According to the author, ________.A. giving means you will lack moneyB. the excitement of giving can bring you moneyC. you don’t have to be rich in order to giveD. when you give away money, you will be rich58. The author wrote a note of appreciation to the post office because________ .A. he knew what such a note would mean to the post office.B. he had discovered giving away made life all the more exciting.C. he believed he would get something back by doing so.D. the postman delivered an important letter in time.59. When the author needed a post office box, ________.A. he had to put his name on a waiting listB. he wrote the postmaster a note of appreciationC. many people had applied for post office boxes before himD. he asked the postmaster to make one for him60. In reply to the postmaster’s question, the author said ________.A. it was the special deliveryB. it was the post office boxC. it was the note of appreciation he wroteD. it was he who wrote him a letter a year agoPassage 3Generations of Americans have been brought up to believe that a good breakfast is one of life’s essentials. Eating breakfast at the start of the day, we have all been told, is as necessary as putting gasoline in the family car before starting a trip.But for many people the thought of food first thing in the morning is by no means a pleasure. So despite all the efforts, they still take no breakfast. Between 1977 and 1983, the latest years for which figures are available, the number of people who didn’t have breakfast increased by 33 percent—from 8.8 million to 11.7 million—according to the Chicago based Market Research Corporation of America.For those who feel pain or guilt about not eating breakfast, however, there is some good news. Several studies in the last few years indicate that, for adults especially, there may be nothing wrong with omitting breakfast. “Going without breakfast does not affect performance.” said Arnold E. Bender, the former professor of nutrition at Queen Eli zabeth College in London, “nor does giving people breakfast improve performance.”Scientific evidence linking breakfast to better health or better performance is surprisingly inadequate, and most of the recent work involves children, not adults. “The literature,” says one researcher, Dr. Ernesto Pollitt at the University of Texas, “is poor”.61. The passage is mainly concerned with________ .A. a study of the Chicago based Market Research CorporationB. one of life’s essentialsC. latest figures of people w ho don’t eat breakfastD. breakfast and human health62. For those who do not take breakfast, the good news is that ________.A. several studies have been done in the past few yearsB. not eating breakfast does no harm to one’s healthC. adults have especially made studies in this fieldD. eating little in the morning may be good for health63. In the third paragraph, “nor does giving people breakfast improve performance.” means________.A. anyone without breakfast does improve his performanceB. not giving people breakfast improves performanceC. people having breakfast do improve their performanceD. having breakfast does not improve performance, either64. The word “literature” in the last sentence refers to________ .A. stories about breakfastB. written works on a particular subjectC. any printed materialsD. the modern novels of American65. What is implied but not stated by the author is that ________.A. not eating breakfast might affect the health of childrenB. breakfast does not affect performanceC. Professor Bender once taught college courses in nutrition in LondonD. People who don’t eat breakfast have increasedPassage 4Each day, computers help millions of people do their jobs more effectively. For example, they can help managers decide on a future course of action, and they can then help with the follow up checks on performance to see if planned goals are being achieved. By using accurate and timely facts supplied by data base management software, a manager can do a better job of identifying problems and opportunities. And managers may not need to spend as much time in controlling when a computer can respond with a triggered report if actual performance varies from what was planned. The time saved in controlling may allow managers to give mor e attention to employees’ concerns, and this, in turn, may result in improved morale (士气).But employment benefits certainly aren’t restricted to managers. Healthcare researchers and other scientists also use computers to conduct research into complex prob lem areas that couldn’t otherwise be studied. Lawyers use online legal data banks to locate precedent (先前的) cases in order to serve clients better. Salespeople can receive more timely information about products in stock, can promise customers that their sales orders will be handled promptly, and can thus improve their sales performance because of the computer system. And the job duties of some office and factory workers have changed from routine, repetitive operations to more varied and appealing tasks through computer usage. For example, office workers who understand textprocessing, computing, and data communication usually have vital roles and are given critical office functions to perform.66. Which of the following examples shows the controlling function of a computer?A. Helping managers decide on a future course of action.B. Helping managers check if planned goals are reached.C. Helping managers save time in writing a report.D. Helping managers design a spreadsheet package.67. Employees may have better morale if________ .A. they have more time to restB. a computer is used in their workC. the manager spends more time with themD. the managers pay more attention to them68. Which of the following is the most essential to a successful businessman?A. He can use computers in his work.B. He can handle orders promptly.C. He can get timely information.D. He can improve his sales performance.69. The office duties used to be ________.A. DifficultB. boringC. HeavyD. appealing70. Which of the following is the best suggested title?A. Computers and ManagementB. Computer FunctionsC. Computer and Work PerformanceD. Employment Benefits by a ComputerPart Ⅳ Cloze (1×20 points)Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage and write the corresponding letter in the brackets.We got up early this morning and 71 a long walk after breakfast. We walked 72 the business section of the city. I told you yesterday that the city 73 larger than I thought it would be. Well, the business section is smaller than I thought it would be. I suppose that’s 74 Washington is special kind of city. 75 of the people in Washington work for the government.About 9:30 we went to the White House. It’s 76 the public from 10 77 12, and there was a long line of people 78 to get in. We didn’t have to wait very long, because the line moved pretty quickly.The White House is really white. It 79 every year. And it seems very white, because it’s got beautiful lawns 80 around it, with many trees and shrubs. The grounds 81 about four square blocks. I mean, they’re about two blocks long 82 each side.Of course, we didn’t see the whole bui lding. The part 83 the President lives and works is not open to the public. But the part we saw was beautiful. We went through five of the main rooms. One of 84 was the library, on the ground floor. On the next floor, there are three rooms named 85 the colors that are used in them: the Red Room, the Blue Room, and the Green Room. The walls are covered with silk 86 . There are 87 old furniture, from the time 88 the White House was 89 built. And everywhere there are paintings and statues of former presidents and 90 famous people from history.71. A. made B. took C. did D. set72. A. among B. through C. between D. upon73. A. was B. is C. has been D. should be74. A. reason B. for C. because D. since75. A. Amounts B. Much C. A great deal D. Most76. A. open to B. opened to C. open for D. opened for77. A. near B. since C. towards D. till78. A. waited B. wait C. waiting D. to wait79. A. was painted B. has painted C. is painted D. paints80. A. all B. whole C. every D. each81. A. cover B. make C. cost D. spend82. A. about B. on C. in D. for83. A. that B. which C. where D. what84. A. that B. theirs C. it D. them85. A. for B. by C. with D. after86. A. cloth B. clothes C. clothing D. dressing87. A. many pieces of B. many bits of C. a great many D. many a88. A. which B. that C. when D. where89. A. firstly B. first C. at first D. early90. A. the other B. other C. others D. anotherPart Ⅴ Translation (2×10 points)Section ADirections: There are 5 sentences in this section. Please translate them from Chinese into English.91.他一直全身心地扑在工作上。
2007年江西省事业单位真题全集(含答案)
2007年上半年江西省省直事业单位(管理岗)注意：1.本试卷共100道试题，所有试题均为单项选择题。
2．从每题给出的四个选项中选择最恰当的一项，并用2B铅笔在答题卡相应题号下涂黑所选答案项信息点，在试卷上作答一律无效。
一、政治理论知识（本部分共25题，每题1分，共25分）1．中共十六届六中全会指出，社会和谐的基本条件是（）A．消灭贫穷落后B．社会公平正义C．经济社会协调发展D．社会生产力高度发达2．2006年12月召开的中央经济工作会议指出，全面落实科学发展观的本质要求是（）A．又快又好发展B．全面协调可持续发展C．提高自主创新能力D．又好又快发展3．人类社会的物质性，集中体现在（）A．社会是客观发展的必然结果B．支配社会发展的规律是客观的C．物质资料生产方式是社会发展的决定力量D．地理环境是社会存在和发展的经常的、必要的条件4．下列诗句中，与“风定花尤落，鸟鸣山更幽”包含相同哲理的是（）A．野火烧不尽，春风吹又生B．坐地日行八万里，巡天遥看九天河C．沉舟侧畔千帆过，病树前头万木春D．天若有情天亦老，人间正道是沧桑5．“善不积不足以成名，恶不积不足以灭身”。
这一古训蕴涵的哲理是（）A．事物的变化总是从量变开始的，量变引起质变B．事物的变化总是从质变开始的，质变引起量变C．事物的量变与质变是相互包含的D．事物的量变与质变是相互区别的6．党的群众路线所体现的辩证唯物主义认识论的原理是（）A．从感情认识到理性认识，从理性认识到感性认识B．从理性认识到感性认识，从感性认识到理性认识C．从实践到认识，从认识到实践D．从认识到实践，从实践到认识7．建设和谐文化，要“弘扬我国传统文化中有利社会和谐的内容，形成符合传统美德和时代精神的道德规范和行为规范”。
这是因为（）A．社会意识的发展具有历史继承性B．社会意识各种形式之间是互相作用、互相制约的C．社会意识的变化发展与社会存在的变化发展不完全平衡D．社会意识的发展与社会经济发展水平不完全同步8．中国旧民主主义革命向新民主主义革命转变的标示是（）A．辛亥革命B．五四运动C．一·二九运动D．新文化运动9．中国革命的三大法宝是（）A．土地革命、武装斗争、统一点战线B．统一战线、土地革命、党的建设C．武装斗争、统一战线、根据地建设D．党的建设、统一战争、武装斗争10．第二次国内革命战争是指（）A．抗日战争B．国民革命战争C．解放战争D．土地革命战争11．毛泽东系统论述关于社会主义社会基本矛盾理论的著作是（）A．《矛盾论》B．《论人民民主专政》C．《论十大关系》D．《关于正确处理人民内部矛盾的问题》12．邓小平指出，毛泽东的最伟大的功绩是（）A．建立了一支新型的人民军队B．缔造了中华人民共和国C．创建了中国共产党D．把马列主义同中国实际相结合，指明了中国革命胜利的道路13．将邓小平理论明确规定为党的指导思想的会议是（）A．中共十三大B．中共十四大C．中共十五大D．中共十六大14．在经济体制改革中，我们必须始终坚持的根本原则是（）A．公有制为主体、共同富裕B．按劳分配为主体、共同富裕C．公有制为主体、多种所有制经济共同发展D．按劳分配为主体、多种分配制度并存15．坚持党的基本路线一百年不动摇的关键是（）A．坚持以经济建设为中心不动摇B．坚持四项基本原则不动摇C．坚持改革开放不动摇D．坚持两手抓，两手都要硬的方针不动摇16．“三个代表”重要思想创造性地、科学地回答的时代课题是（）A．怎样立党为分、执政为民B．怎样与时俱进、开拓创新C．建设什么样的党、怎样建设党D．什么是社会主义、怎样建设社会主义17．“三个代表”是统一的整体，其最终的体现是代表（）A．中国最广大人民的根本利益B．中国先进生产力的发展要求C．中国先进文化的前进方向D．时代发展的潮流18．现阶段以劳动者的联合和劳动者的资本联合为主的股份合作制属于（）A．国有经济B．集体经济C．个体经济D．私营经济19．社会主义民主的本质是（）A．共产党的领导B．人民当家作主C．坚持社会主义道路D．坚持民主集中制20．发展社会主义先进文化的中心环节是（）A．培育和弘扬民族精神 B．培育四有社会主义公民C．加强教育科学文化建设D．加强社会主义思想道德建设21．在我国尊重和保障人权的根本途径是（）A．发展民主政治B．加强法律建设C．加强文化建设D．经济发展和社会进步22．我国解决民族问题的根本出发点和归宿是（）A．各民族区域自治B．各民族一律平等C．各民族共同繁荣D．各民族相互团结23．农业、农村、农民问题始终是中国革命、建设、改革的（）A．首要问题B．根本问题C．关键问题D．核心问题24．加强和改进党的作风建设，核心问题是（）A．坚持理论联系实际B．坚持民主集中制C．保持艰苦奋斗的作风D．保持党同人民的血肉联系25．我国现阶段对外工作的首要任务是（）A．争取和平，为社会主义现代化建设服务B．反对霸权主义，维护世界和平C．维护世界和平，促进共同发展D．坚持对外开放，加强国际交往二、法律基本知识（本部分共25题，每题1分，共25分）26．我国宪法规定，我国社会主义国家的根本任务是（）A．保障公民的基本权利B．坚持人民代表大会制度C．集中力量进行社会主义现代化建设D．坚持工人阶级领导的以工农联盟为基础的人民民主专政27．根据我国《宪法》的规定，下列选项中属于全国人民代表大会常务委员会有权利进行部分修改的规范性法律文件的是（）A．宪法B．国际条约C．基本法律D．澳门特别行政区的法律28．下列选项中，属于公民人身自由权的是（）A．公民的住宅不受侵犯B．公民的储蓄和其他合法财产受法律保护C．公民著作权中的署名权不受侵犯D．公民的房屋所有权受法律保护29．下列属于基层群众性自治组织的是（）A．街道办事处B．乡政府C．自治县D．村民委员会30．在我国行使批准省、自治区和直辖市建置职权的国家机关是（）A．全国人大B．全国人大常委会C．全国人大及其常委会D．国务院31．我国《环境保护法》规定，对造成环境严重污染的企业事业单位，限期治理。
2007年全国高考文科数学真题(含答案)-天津卷
2007年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（天津卷）数学（文史类）本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分，共150分．考试用时120分钟．第Ⅰ卷1至2页．第Ⅱ卷3至10页．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回．祝各位考生考试顺利！第Ⅰ卷注意事项：1．答第Ⅰ卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考号、科目涂写在答题卡上，并在规定位置粘贴考试用条形码．2．每小题选出答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑．如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号，答在试卷上无效．3．本卷共10小题，每小题5分，共50分． 参考公式：如果事件A B ，互斥，那么球的表面积公式 ()()()P A B P A P B +=+24πS R =如果事件A B ，相互独立，那么其中R 表示球的半径 ()()()P A B P A P B =一、选择题：在每小题列出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的． （1）已知集合{}12S x x =∈+R ≥，{}21012T =--，，，，，则S T = （ ） A ．{}2 B ．{}12，C ．{}012，，D ．{}1012-，，， （2）设变量x y ，满足约束条件142x y x y y --⎧⎪+⎨⎪⎩≥，≤，≥则目标函数24z x y =+的最大值为（ ）Ａ．10 Ｂ．12 Ｃ．13 Ｄ．14（3） “2a =”是“直线20ax y +=平行于直线1x y +=”的（ ） A ．充分而不必要条件 B ．必要而不充分条件 C ．充分必要条件D ．既不充分也不必要条件（4）设12log 3a =，0.213b ⎛⎫= ⎪⎝⎭，132c =，则（ ）A ．a b c <<B ．c b a <<C ．c a b <<D ．b a c <<（5）函数2log (4)(0)y x x =+>的反函数是（ ） A ．24(2)xy x =+> B ．24(0)xy x =+> C ．24(2)x y x =->D ．24(0)xy x =->（6）设a b ，为两条直线，αβ，为两个平面，下列四个命题中，正确的命题是（ ） A ．若a b ，与α所成的角相等，则a b ∥ B ．若a α∥，b β∥，αβ∥，则a b ∥ C ．若a α⊂，b β⊂，a b ∥，则αβ∥ D ．若a α⊥，b β⊥，αβ⊥，则a b ⊥（7）设双曲线22221(00)x y a b ab-=>>，的离心率为3，且它的一条准线与抛物线24y x =的准线重合，则此双曲线的方程为（ ）Ａ．2211224xy-= Ｂ．2214896xy-=Ｃ．222133xy -= Ｄ．22136xy-=（8）设等差数列{}n a 的公差d 不为0，19a d =．若k a 是1a 与2k a 的等比中项，则k =（ ）Ａ．2 Ｂ．4Ｃ．6 Ｄ．8（9）设函数()sin ()3f x x x π⎛⎫=+∈ ⎪⎝⎭R ，则()f x （ ） A ．在区间2736ππ⎡⎤⎢⎥⎣⎦，上是增函数B ．在区间2π⎡⎤-π-⎢⎥⎣⎦，上是减函数 C ．在区间84ππ⎡⎤⎢⎥⎣⎦，上是增函数D ．在区间536ππ⎡⎤⎢⎥⎣⎦，上是减函数（10）设()f x 是定义在R 上的奇函数，且当0x ≥时，2()f x x =，若对任意的[]2x t t ∈+，，不等式()2()f x t f x +≥恒成立，则实数t 的取值范围是（ ）A ．)2⎡+⎣，∞B ．[)2+，∞C ．(]02，D ．2120⎡⎤⎡⎤--⎣⎦⎣⎦，，第Ⅱ卷注意事项：1．答卷前将密封线内的项目填写清楚．2．用钢笔或圆珠笔直接答在试卷上． 3．本卷共12小题，共100分．二、填空题：本大题共6小题，每小题4分，共24分．把答案填在题中横线上． （11）从一堆苹果中任取了20只，并得到它们的质量（单位：克）数据分布表如下： 分组 [)90100，[)100110，[)110120， [)120130， [)130140， [)140150， 频数1 2 3 10 1则这堆苹果中，质量不小于．．．120克的苹果数约占苹果总数的 ％．（12）921x x ⎛⎫+ ⎪⎝⎭的二项展开式中常数项是 （用数字作答）．（13）一个长方体的各顶点均在同一球的球面上，且一个顶点上的三条棱的长分别为1，2，3，则此球的表面积为 ．（14）已知两圆2210x y +=和22(1)(3)20x y -+-=相交于A B ，两点，则直线A B 的方程是 ．（15）在A B C △中，2A B =，3A C =，D 是边B C 的中点，则AD BC =．（16）如图，用6种不同的颜色给图中的4个格子涂色，每个格子涂一种颜色，要求相邻的两个格子颜色不同，且两端的格子的颜色也不同，则不同的涂色方法共有 种（用数字作答）．三、解答题：本大题共6小题，共76分．解答应写出文字说明，证明过程或演算步骤． （17）（本小题满分12分） 在A B C △中，已知2A C =，3B C =，4cos 5A =-．（Ⅰ）求sin B 的值； （Ⅱ）求sin 26B π⎛⎫+⎪⎝⎭的值． （18）（本小题满分12分）已知甲盒内有大小相同的3个红球和4个黑球，乙盒内有大小相同的5个红球和4个黑球．现从甲、乙两个盒内各任取2个球．（Ⅰ）求取出的4个球均为红球的概率；（Ⅱ）求取出的4个球中恰有1个红球的概率； （19）（本小题满分12分）如图，在四棱锥P A B C D -中，P A ⊥底面A B C D ，AB AD AC CD ⊥⊥，，60A B C ∠=°，P A A B B C ==，E 是P C 的中点．（Ⅰ）求P B 和平面PAD 所成的角的大小； （Ⅱ）证明A E ⊥平面PC D ； （Ⅲ）求二面角A P D C --的大小．（20）（本小题满分12分）ABCDPE在数列{}n a 中，12a =，1431n n a a n +=-+，n ∈*N ． （Ⅰ）证明数列{}n a n -是等比数列； （Ⅱ）求数列{}n a 的前n 项和n S ；（Ⅲ）证明不等式14n n S S +≤，对任意n ∈*N 皆成立． （21）（本小题满分14分）设函数2()()f x x x a =--（x ∈R ），其中a ∈R ．（Ⅰ）当1a =时，求曲线()y f x =在点(2(2))f ，处的切线方程； （Ⅱ）当0a ≠时，求函数()f x 的极大值和极小值；（Ⅲ）当3a >时，证明存在[]10k ∈-，，使得不等式22(cos )(cos )f k x f k x --≥对任意的x ∈R 恒成立． （22）（本小题满分14分） 设椭圆22221(0)x y a b ab+=>>的左、右焦点分别为12F F A ，，是椭圆上的一点，212A F F F ⊥，原点O 到直线1A F 的距离为113O F ．（Ⅰ）证明2a b =；（Ⅱ）求(0)t b ∈，使得下述命题成立：设圆222x y t +=上任意点00()M x y ，处的切线交椭圆于1Q ，2Q 两点，则12OQ OQ ⊥．2007年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（天津卷）数学（文史类）参考答案一、选择题：本题考查基本知识和基本运算．每小题5分，满分50分． （1）B （2）C （3）C （4）A （5）C （6）D （7）D （8）B （9）A （10）A 二、填空题：本题考查基本知识和基本运算．每小题4分，满分24分． （11）70（12）84 （13）14π （14）30x y +=（15）52（16）630三、解答题（17）本小题考查同角三角函数的基本关系式、两角和公式、倍角公式、正弦定理等的知识，考查基本运算能力．满分12分． （Ⅰ）解：在A B C △中，2243sin 1cos 155A A ⎛⎫=-=--= ⎪⎝⎭，由正弦定理，sin sin BC AC AB=．所以232sin sin 355A CB A B C==⨯=．（Ⅱ）解：因为4cos 5A =-，所以角A 为钝角，从而角B 为锐角，于是22221cos 1sin 155B B ⎛⎫=-=-=⎪⎝⎭，22117cos 22cos 121525B B =-=⨯-=，221421sin 22sin cos 25515B B B ==⨯⨯=．sin 2sin 2cos cos 2sin 666B B B πππ⎛⎫+=+ ⎪⎝⎭4213171252252=⨯+⨯1271750+=．（18）本小题主要考查互斥事件、相互独立事件等概率的基础知识，考查运用概率知识解决实际问题的能力．满分12分．（Ⅰ）解：设“从甲盒内取出的2个球均为红球”为事件A ，“从乙盒内取出的2个球均为红球”为事件B ．由于事件A B ，相互独立，且2327C 1()C7P A ==，2329C 5()C18P B ==，故取出的4个球均为红球的概率是155()()()718126P A B P A P B ==⨯=．（Ⅱ）解：设“从甲盒内取出的2个球中，1个是红球，1个是黑球；从乙盒内取出的2个红球为黑球”为事件C ，“从甲盒内取出的2个球均为黑球；从乙盒内取出的2个球中，1个是红球，1个是黑球”为事件D ．由于事件C D ，互斥，且1123442279C C C 2()C C 21P C == ，1125242275C C C 10()C C 63P D == ． 故取出的4个红球中恰有4个红球的概率为21016()()()216363P C D P C P D +=+=+=．（19）本小题考查直线与平面垂直、直线和平面所成的角、二面角等基础知识．考查空间想象能力、记忆能力和推理论证能力．满分12分．（Ⅰ）解：在四棱锥P A B C D -中，因P A ⊥底面A B C D ，A B ⊂平面A B C D ，故P A A B⊥． 又AB AD ⊥，PA AD A = ，从而AB ⊥平面PAD ．故P B 在平面PAD 内的射影为P A ，从而APB ∠为P B 和平面PAD 所成的角． 在R t PAB △中，AB PA =，故45APB = ∠． 所以P B 和平面PAD 所成的角的大小为45 ． （Ⅱ）证明：在四棱锥P A B C D -中，因P A ⊥底面A B C D ，C D ⊂平面A B C D ，故C D P A ⊥． 由条件C D PC ⊥，PA AC A = ，C D ∴⊥面PAC ． 又A E ⊂面PAC ，A E C D ∴⊥．由PA AB BC = ，60ABC =∠，可得A C P A =．E 是P C 的中点，A E P C ∴⊥，PC CD C ∴= ．综上得A E ⊥平面PC D ．（Ⅲ）解：过点E 作EM PD ⊥，垂足为M ，连结A M ．由（Ⅱ）知，A E ⊥平面PC D ，A M 在平面PC D 内的射影是EM ，则AM PD ⊥． 因此AM E ∠是二面角A P D C --的平面角．由已知，可得30CAD =∠．设A C a =，可得P A a =，233AD a =，213PD a =，22AE a =．在R t AD P △中，AM PD ⊥ ，AM PD PA AD ∴= ，则ABCDPEM232737213a aPA AD AM a PD a == ． 在R t A E M △中，14sin 4AE AM E AM==．所以二面角A P D C --的大小14arcsin 4．（20）本小题以数列的递推关系式为载体，主要考查等比数列的概念、等比数列的通项公式及前n 项和公式、不等式的证明等基础知识，考查运算能力和推理论证能力．满分12分． （Ⅰ）证明：由题设1431n n a a n +=-+，得1(1)4()n n a n a n +-+=-，n ∈*N ．又111a -=，所以数列{}n a n -是首项为1，且公比为4的等比数列．（Ⅱ）解：由（Ⅰ）可知14n n a n --=，于是数列{}n a 的通项公式为14n n a n -=+．所以数列{}n a 的前n 项和41(1)32nn n n S -+=+．（Ⅲ）证明：对任意的n ∈*N ， 1141(1)(2)41(1)443232n n n n n n n n S S ++⎛⎫-++-+-=+-+ ⎪⎝⎭21(34)02n n =-+-≤．所以不等式14n n S S +≤，对任意n ∈*N 皆成立．（21）本小题主要考查运用导数研究函数的性质、曲线的切线方程，函数的极值、解不等式等基础知识，考查综合分析和解决问题的能力及分类讨论的思想方法．满分14分．（Ⅰ）解：当1a =时，232()(1)2f x x x x x x =--=-+-，得(2)2f =-，且2()341f x x x '=-+-，(2)5f '=-．所以，曲线2(1)y x x =--在点(22)-，处的切线方程是25(2)y x +=--，整理得580x y +-=．（Ⅱ）解：2322()()2f x x x a x ax a x =--=-+-22()34(3)()f x x ax a x a x a '=-+-=---．令()0f x '=，解得3a x =或x a =．由于0a ≠，以下分两种情况讨论．（1）若0a >，当x 变化时，()f x '的正负如下表：x 3a ⎛⎫- ⎪⎝⎭∞，3a3a a ⎛⎫⎪⎝⎭， a ()a +，∞()f x '-0 + 0-因此，函数()f x 在3a x =处取得极小值3a f ⎛⎫⎪⎝⎭，且 34327a f a ⎛⎫=- ⎪⎝⎭；函数()f x 在x a =处取得极大值()f a ，且()0f a =．（2）若0a <，当x 变化时，()f x '的正负如下表：x()a -∞，a 3aa ⎛⎫ ⎪⎝⎭， 3a3a ⎛⎫+ ⎪⎝⎭，∞ ()f x '-0 + 0-因此，函数()f x 在x a =处取得极小值()f a ，且()0f a =；函数()f x 在3a x =处取得极大值3a f ⎛⎫⎪⎝⎭，且 34327a f a ⎛⎫=- ⎪⎝⎭．（Ⅲ）证明：由3a >，得13a >，当[]10k ∈-，时，cos 1k x -≤，22cos 1k x -≤．由（Ⅱ）知，()f x 在(]1-∞，上是减函数，要使22(cos )(cos )f k x f k x --≥，x ∈R 只要22cos cos ()k x k x x --∈R ≤ 即22cos cos ()x x k k x --∈R ≤ ①设2211()cos cos cos 24g x x x x ⎛⎫=-=-- ⎪⎝⎭，则函数()g x 在R 上的最大值为2．要使①式恒成立，必须22k k -≥，即2k ≥或1k -≤．所以，在区间[]10-，上存在1k =-，使得22(cos )(cos )f k x f k x --≥对任意的x ∈R 恒成立．（22）本小题主要考查椭圆的标准方程和几何性质、直线方程、两条直线垂直、圆的方程等基础知识，考查曲线和方程的关系等解析几何的基本思想方法及推理、运算能力．满分14分．（Ⅰ）证法一：由题设212AF F F ⊥及1(0)F c -，，2(0)F c ，，不妨设点()A c y ，，其中 0y >，由于点A 在椭圆上，有22221c y ab+=，222221a b y ab-+=，解得2by a =，从而得到2b A c a ⎛⎫⎪⎝⎭，，直线2AF 的方程为2()2by x c ac=+，整理得2220b x acy b c -+=．由题设，原点O 到直线1A F 的距离为113O F ，即242234c b c b a c=+，将222c a b =-代入原式并化简得222a b =，即2a b =．证法二：同证法一，得到点A 的坐标为2b c a ⎛⎫⎪⎝⎭，，过点O 作1O B AF ⊥，垂足为H ，易知112F BC F F A △∽△，故211B O F A O F F A=由椭圆定义得122AF AF a +=，又113B O O F =，所以2212132F A F A F Aa F A==-，解得22a F A =，而22bF A a=，得22ba a=，即2a b =．（Ⅱ）解法一：圆222x y t +=上的任意点00()M x y ，处的切线方程为200x x y y t +=． 当(0)t b ∈，时，圆222x y t +=上的任意点都在椭圆内，故此圆在点A 处的切线必交椭圆于两个不同的点1Q 和2Q ，因此点111()Q x y ，，222()Q x y ，的坐标是方程组20022222x x y y t x y b ⎧+=⎪⎨+=⎪⎩ ①②的解．当00y ≠时，由①式得 200t x x y y -=代入②式，得22220022t x x x b y ⎛⎫-+=⎪⎝⎭，即 22224220000(2)4220x y x t x x t b y +-+-=，于是201222042t x x x x y+=+，422012220222t b y x x x y-=+2201121201t x x t x x y y y y --=422012012201()t x t x x x x x y ⎡⎤=-++⎣⎦ 242242200002222200000422122t x t b y t x t x y x y x y ⎛⎫-=-+ ⎪++⎝⎭AO1F 2FHxy4220220022t b x x y -=+．若12OQ OQ ⊥，则42242242220000121222222200000022232()0222t b y t b x t b x y x x y y x y x y x y ---++=+==+++．所以，42220032()0t b x y -+=．由22200x y t +=，得422320t b t -=．在区间(0)b ，内此方程的解为63t b =．当00y =时，必有00x ≠，同理求得在区间(0)b ，内的解为63t b =． 另一方面，当63t b =时，可推出12120x x y y +=，从而12OQ OQ ⊥． 综上所述，6(0)3t b b =∈，使得所述命题成立．。
2007年考研数学三真题及解析
2007年考研数学（三）真题一．选择题（本题共10分小题，每小题4分，满分40分，在每小题给的四个选项中，只有一项符合题目要求，把所选项前的字母填在后边的括号内）（1）当0x +→等价的无穷小量是（）A.1-.ln(1B+1C-.1D -（2）设函数()f x 在0x =处连续，下列命题错误的是：()A .若0()limx f x x→存在，则(0)0f =.B 若0()()limx f x f x x→+-存在，则(0)0f =.C .若0()limx f x x →存在，则'(0)f 存在.D 若0()()limx f x f x x→--存在，则'(0)f 存在（3）如图.连续函数()y f x =在区间[][]3,2,2,3--上的图形分别是直径为1的上、下半圆周，在区间[][]2,0,0,2-上图形分别是直径为2的上、下半圆周，设0()(),xF x f t dt =⎰则下列结论正确的是：（）.A .(3)F 3(2)4F =--.B (3)F 5(2)4F =.C (3)F -3(2)4F =-.D (3)F -5(2)4F =--（4）设函数(,)f x y 连续，则二次积分1sin 2(,)xdx f x y dy ππ⎰⎰等于（）.A 10arcsin (,)xdy f x y dx ππ+⎰⎰.B 10arcsin (,)ydy f x y dx ππ-⎰⎰.C 1arcsin 02(,)ydy f x y dxππ+⎰⎰.D 1arcsin 02(,)ydy f x y dxππ-⎰⎰（5）设某商品的需求函数为1602Q ρ=-，其中Q ，ρ分别表示需要量和价格，如果该商品需求弹性的绝对值等于1，则商品的价格是（）.A 10.B 20.C 30.D 40（6）曲线1ln(1),x y e x=++渐近线的条数为（）.A 0.B 1.C 2.D 3（7）设向量组线性无关，则下列向量组线相关的是()（A ）12αα-2131,,αααα--(B)21αα-2331,,αααα++（C ）1223312,2,2αααααα---(D)1223312,2,2αααααα+++（8）设矩阵211121112A --⎧⎫⎪⎪=--⎨⎬⎪⎪--⎩⎭，100010000B ⎧⎫⎪⎪=⎨⎬⎪⎪⎩⎭则A 与B （）（A ）合同，且相似(B)合同，但不相似(C)不合同，但相似(D)既不合同，也不相似(9)某人向同一目标独立重复射击，每次射击命中目标的概率为，则此人第4次射击恰好第2次命中目标的概率为()2()3(1)A p p -2()6(1)B p p -22()3(1)C p p -22()6(1)D p p -(10)设随机变量(,)X Y 服从二维正态分布，且X 与Y 不相关，(),()x y f x f y 分别表示X,Y 的概率密度，则在Y y =条件下，X 的条件概率密度()X Y x y f 为()（A ）()X f x (B)()y f y (C)()()x y f x f y (D)()()x y f x f y 二、填空题：11-16小题，每小题4分，共24分，请将答案写在答题纸指定位置上（11）3231lim (sin cos )________2x x x x x x x →∞+++=+.（12）设函数123y x =+，则()(0)_________n y =.（13）设(,)f u v 是二元可微函数，(,y x z f x y=则z zy x y∂∂-=∂∂________.（14）微分方程31()2dy y y dx x x=-满足11x y ==的特解为__________.（15）设距阵01000010,00010000A ⎛⎫⎪⎪= ⎪⎪⎝⎭则3A 的秩为_______.(16)在区间(0,1)中随机地取两个数,这两数之差的绝对值小于12的概率为________.三、解答题：17－24小题，共86分.请将解答写在答题纸指定的位置上.解答应写出文字说明、证明过程或演算步骤.（17）（本题满分10分）设函数()y y x =由方程ln 0y y x y -+=确定，试判断曲线()y y x =在点（1，1）附近的凹凸性.（18）（本题满分11分）设二元函数2. 1.(,)1 2.x x y f x y x y ⎧+≤⎪=≤+≤计算二重积分(,).Df x y d σ⎰⎰其中{}(,)2D x y x y =+≤（19）（本题满分11分）设函数()f x ，()g x 在[],a b 上内二阶可导且存在相等的最大值，又()f a ＝()g a ，()f b ＝()g b ，证明：（Ⅰ）存在(,),a b η∈使得()()f g ηη=；（Ⅱ）存在(,),a b ξ∈使得''()''().f g ξξ=（20）（本题满分10分）将函数21()34f x x x =--展开成1x -的幂级数，并指出其收敛区间.1231232123123(21)(11)020(1)4021(2)x x x x x ax x x a x x x x a a ⎧++=⎪++=⎨⎪++=⎩++=-本题满分分设线性方程组与方程有公共解，求的值及所有公共解（22）（本题满分11分）设3阶实对称矩阵A 的特征值12311,2,2,(1,1,1)Tλλλα===-=-是A 的属于1λ的一个特征向量.记534B A A E =-+，其中E 为3阶单位矩阵.（Ⅰ）验证1α是矩阵B 的特征向量，并求B 的全部特征值与特征向量；（Ⅱ）求矩阵B.（23）（本题满分11分）设二维随机变量(,)X Y 的概率密度为2,01,0 1.(,)0,x y x y f x y --<<<<⎧=⎨⎩其他（Ⅰ）求{}2P X Y >；（Ⅱ）求Z X Y =+的概率密度()Z f z .（24）（本题满分11分）设总体X 的概率密度为1,0,21(;),1,2(1)0,x f x x θθθθθ⎧<<⎪⎪⎪=≤<⎨-⎪⎪⎪⎩其他.其中参数(01)θθ<<未知，12,,...n X X X 是来自总体X 的简单随机样本，X 是样本均值.（Ⅰ）求参数θ的矩估计量 θ；（Ⅱ）判断24X 是否为2θ的无偏估计量，并说明理由.2007年考研数学（三）真题一、选择题（本题共10分小题，每小题4分，满分40分，在每小题给的四个选项中，只有一项符合题目要求，把所选项前的字母填在后边的括号内）（1）当0x +→等价的无穷小量是（B ）A.1-.ln(1B+1C-.1D -（2）设函数()f x 在0x =处连续，下列命题错误的是：(D)A .若0()limx f x x→存在，则(0)0f =.B 若0()()limx f x f x x→+-存在，则(0)0f =.C .若0()limx f x x →存在，则'(0)f 存在.D 若0()()limx f x f x x→--存在，则'(0)f 存在（3）如图.连续函数()y f x =在区间[][]3,2,2,3--上的图形分别是直径为1的上、下半圆周，在区间[][]2,0,0,2-上图形分别是直径为2的上、下半圆周，设0()(),xF x f t dt =⎰则下列结论正确的是：（C ）.A .(3)F 3(2)4F =--.B (3)F 5(2)4F =.C (3)F -3(2)4F =-.D (3)F -5(2)4F =--（4）设函数(,)f x y 连续，则二次积分1sin 2(,)xdx f x y dy ππ⎰⎰等于（B ）.A 1arcsin (,)xdy f x y dx ππ+⎰⎰.B 1arcsin (,)y dy f x y dx ππ-⎰⎰.C 1arcsin 02(,)ydy f x y dxππ+⎰⎰.D 1arcsin 02(,)ydy f x y dxππ-⎰⎰（5）设某商品的需求函数为1602Q ρ=-，其中Q ，ρ分别表示需要量和价格，如果该商品需求弹性的绝对值等于1，则商品的价格是（D ）.A 10.B 20.C 30.D 40（6）曲线1ln(1),x y e x=++渐近线的条数为（D ）.A 0.B 1.C 2.D 3（7）设向量组线性无关，则下列向量组线相关的是(A)（A ）12αα-2131,,αααα--(B)21αα-2331,,αααα++(C)1223312,2,2αααααα---(D)1223312,2,2αααααα+++（8）设矩阵211121112A --⎧⎫⎪⎪=--⎨⎬⎪⎪--⎩⎭，100010000B ⎧⎫⎪⎪=⎨⎬⎪⎪⎩⎭则A 与B （B ）（A ）合同，且相似(B)合同，但不相似(C)不合同，但相似(D)既不合同，也不相似(9)某人向同一目标独立重复射击，每次射击命中目标的概率为，则此人第4次射击恰好第2次命中目标的概率为(C)2()3(1)A p p -2()6(1)B p p -22()3(1)C p p -22()6(1)D p p -(10)设随机变量(,)X Y 服从二维正态分布，且X 与Y 不相关，(),()x y f x f y 分别表示X,Y 的概率密度，则在Y y =条件下，X 的条件概率密度()X Y x y f 为(A)（A ）()X f x (B)()y f y (C)()()x y f x f y (D)()()x y f x f y 二、填空题：11-16小题，每小题4分，共24分，请将答案写在答题纸指定位置上（11）3231lim (sin cos )___0_________2x x x x x x x →∞+++=+.（12）设函数123y x =+，则()1(1)2!(0)___________3n n n n n y +-=.（13）设(,)f u v 是二元可微函数，(,y xz f x y =则''122(,)2(,)z z y y x x y x y f f x y x x y y x y∂∂-=-+∂∂.（14）微分方程31()2dy y y dx x x =-满足11x y ==的特解为221ln x y x=+.（15）设距阵01000010,00010000A ⎛⎫⎪ ⎪= ⎪⎪⎝⎭则3A 的秩为＿＿1＿＿＿.(16)在区间(0,1)中随机地取两个数,这两数之差的绝对值小于12的概率为＿34＿.三、解答题：17－24小题，共86分.请将解答写在答题纸指定的位置上.解答应写出文字说明、证明过程或演算步骤.（17）（本题满分10分）设函数()y y x =由方程ln 0y y x y -+=确定，试判断曲线()y y x =在点（1，1）附近的凹凸性.【详解】：''''1'2'''''''21''11ln 2102ln 112ln121()(2ln )0(2ln )()11(2ln1)8()(1,1)x x x y y y y yy y y y y y y y y y y yy y x ===+-=⇒=+==+++=⇒=-+=-=-<+=对方程两边求导得从而有再对两边求导得求在(1,1)的值：所以在点处是凸的（18）（本题满分11分）设二元函数2. 1.(,)1 2.x x y f x y x y ⎧+≤⎪=≤+≤计算二重积分(,).Df x y d σ⎰⎰其中{}(,)2D x y x y =+≤【详解】：积分区域D 如图，不难发现D 分别关于x 轴和y 轴对称，设1D 是D 在第一象限中的部分，即{}1(,)0,0D D x y x y =≥≥ 利用被积函数(,)f x y 无论关于x 轴还是关于y 轴对称，从而按二重积分的简化计算法则可得1(,)4(,)DD f x y d f x y d σσ=⎰⎰⎰⎰设11112D D D =+，其中{}{}1112(,)1,0,0,(,)12,0,0D x y x y x y D x y x y x y =+≤≥≥=≤+≤≥≥于是1111211122(,)4(,)4(,)4(,) 44(,)DD D D D D f x y d f x y d f x y d f x y d x d f x y d σσσσσσ==+=+⎰⎰⎰⎰⎰⎰⎰⎰⎰⎰⎰⎰由于{}11(,)01,01D x y x y x =≤≤≤≤-，故11111222000111(1)3412xD x d x dx dy x x dx σ-==-=-=⎰⎰⎰⎰⎰为计算12D 上的二重积分，可引入极坐标(,)r θ满足cos ,sin x r y r θθ==.在极坐标系(,)r θ中1x y +=的方程是1,2cos sin r x y θθ=+=+的方程是，2cos sin r θθ=+，因而12120,2cos sin cos sin D r πθθθθθ⎧⎫=≤≤≤≤⎨⎬++⎩⎭，故1222cos sin 2100cos sin 1cos sin D r d dr r ππθθθθθθθθ++==+⎰⎰⎰⎰⎰令tan2t θ=作换元，则2arctan t θ=，于是:0:012t πθ→⇔→且2222212,cos ,sin 111dt t td t t t θθθ-===+++，代入即得121122200001122100122(1)cos sin 122(1)22 22 =1)D dt dt d t u t t t du du duu u πθθθ===-=++--=-==--=⎰⎰⎰⎰⎰⎰⎰综合以上计算结果可知11(,)41)1)123Df x y d σ=⨯+=+⎰⎰（19）（本题满分11分）设函数()f x ，()g x 在[],a b 上内二阶可导且存在相等的最大值，又()f a ＝()g a ，()f b ＝()g b ，证明：（Ⅰ）存在(,),a b η∈使得()()f g ηη=；（Ⅱ）存在(,),a b ξ∈使得''()''().f g ξξ=【详解】：证明：(1)设(),()f x g x 在(,)a b 内某点(,)c a b ∈同时取得最大值，则()()f c g c =，此时的c 就是所求点()()f g ηηη=使得.若两个函数取得最大值的点不同则有设()max (),()max ()f c f x g d g x ==故有()()0,()()0f c g c g d f d ->-<，由介值定理，在(,)c d 内肯定存在()()f g ηηη=使得(2)由(1)和罗尔定理在区间(,),(,)a b ηη内分别存在一点''1212,,()()f f ξξξξ使得＝＝0在区间12(,)ξξ内再用罗尔定理，即''''(,)()()a b f g ξξξ∈=存在，使得.（20）（本题满分10分）将函数21()34f x x x =--展开成1x -的幂级数，并指出其收敛区间.【详解】：102001111()()(4)(1)513121111513512111111()()()154151531()311243111111()()()(1)151101021()211122111()()153nn nnn n n f x x x x x x x x f x x x x x x f x x x x x x f x ∞=∞=∞===--+---+=----+-==-=-----<⇒-<<-===--++-<⇒-<<-=-+∑∑∑记其中其中则01((1)10212nnn x x ∞=---<<∑故收敛域为：1231232123123(21)(11)20(1)4021(2)x x x x x ax x x a x x x x a a ⎧++=⎪++=⎨⎪++=⎩++=-本题满分分设线性方程组与方程有公共解，求的值及所有公共解【详解】：因为方程组(1)、(2)有公共解，即由方程组(1)、(2)组成的方程组1231232123123020(3)4021x x x x x ax x x a x x x x a ++=⎧⎪++=⎪⎨++=⎪⎪++=-⎩的解.即距阵211100201401211a a a ⎛⎫ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪-⎝⎭211100110001000340a a a ⎛⎫ ⎪- ⎪→ ⎪- ⎪ ⎪++⎝⎭方程组(3)有解的充要条件为1,2a a ==.当1a =时，方程组(3)等价于方程组(1)即此时的公共解为方程组(1)的解.解方程组(1)的基础解系为(1,0,1)T ξ=-此时的公共解为：,1,2,x k k ξ==当2a =时，方程组(3)的系数距阵为111011101220011014400001111100⎛⎫⎛⎫⎪ ⎪⎪ ⎪→ ⎪ ⎪⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭此时方程组(3)的解为1230,1,1x x x ===-，即公共解为：(0,1,1)Tk -（22）（本题满分11分）设3阶实对称矩阵A 的特征值12311,2,2,(1,1,1)Tλλλα===-=-是A 的属于1λ的一个特征向量.记534B A A E =-+，其中E 为3阶单位矩阵.（Ⅰ）验证1α是矩阵B 的特征向量，并求B 的全部特征值与特征向量；（Ⅱ）求矩阵B.【详解】：（Ⅰ）可以很容易验证111(1,2,3...)nnA n αλα==，于是5353111111(4)(41)2B A A E ααλλαα=-+=-+=-于是1α是矩阵B 的特征向量.B 的特征值可以由A 的特征值以及B 与A 的关系得到，即53()()4()1B A A λλλ=-+，所以B 的全部特征值为－2，1，1.前面已经求得1α为B 的属于－2的特征值，而A 为实对称矩阵，于是根据B 与A 的关系可以知道B 也是实对称矩阵，于是属于不同的特征值的特征向量正交，设B的属于1的特征向量为123(,,)Tx x x ，所以有方程如下：1230x x x -+=于是求得B 的属于1的特征向量为23(1,0,1),(1,1,0)TTββ=-=因而，矩阵B 属于2μ=-的特征向量是是1(1,1,1)Tk -，其中1k 是不为零的任意常数.矩阵B 属于1μ=的特征向量是是23(1,1,0)(1,0,1)TTk k +-，其中23,k k 是不为零的任意常数.（Ⅱ）由1122332,,,B B B ααβαββ=-==有令矩阵123123(,,)(2,,)B αααβββ=-，则1(2,1,1)P BP diag -=-，所以那么11123123211111033(2,,)(,,)210101303201110330B βββααα------⎡⎤⎡⎤⎡⎤⎢⎥⎢⎥⎢⎥=-=-=⎢⎥⎢⎥⎢⎥⎢⎥⎢⎥⎢⎥--⎣⎦⎣⎦⎣⎦（23）（本题满分11分）设二维随机变量(,)X Y 的概率密度为2,01,0 1.(,)0,x y x y f x y --<<<<⎧=⎨⎩其他（Ⅰ）求{}2P X Y >；（Ⅱ）求Z X Y =+的概率密度()Z f z .【详解】：（Ⅰ）{}2(2)DP X Y x y dxdy >=--⎰⎰，其中D 为01,01x y <<<<中2x y >的那部分区域；求此二重积分可得{}112002(2)xP X Y dx x y dy>=--⎰⎰1205()8x x dx=-⎰724=（Ⅱ）{}{}()Z F z P Z z P X Y z =≤=+≤当0z ≤时，()0Z F z =；当2z ≥时，()1Z F z =；当01z <<时，32001()(2)3zz x Z F z dx x y dy z z -=--=-+⎰⎰当12z <<时，1132115()1(2)2433Z z z x F z dx x y dy z z z --=---=-+-⎰⎰于是222,01()44,120,Z z z z f z z z z ⎧-<<⎪=-+≤<⎨⎪⎩其他（24）（本题满分11分）设总体X 的概率密度为1,0,21(;),1,2(1)0,x f x x θθθθθ⎧<<⎪⎪⎪=≤<⎨-⎪⎪⎪⎩其他.其中参数(01)θθ<<未知，12,,...n X X X 是来自总体X 的简单随机样本，X 是样本均值.（Ⅰ）求参数θ的矩估计量 θ；（Ⅱ）判断24X 是否为2θ的无偏估计量，并说明理由.【详解】：（Ⅰ）记EX μ=，则1022(1)xxEX dx dxθθμθθ==+-⎰⎰1142θ=+，解出122θμ=-，因此参数θ的矩估计量为 122X θ=-；（Ⅱ）只须验证2(4)E X 是否为2θ即可，而2221(4)4()4(())4(())E X E X D X E X DX EX n ==+=+，而1142EX θ=+，221(12)6EX θθ=++，22251()481212DX EX EX θθ=-=-+，于是22533131(4)1233n n n E X n n n θθ+-+=++≠因此24X 不是为2θ的无偏估计量.。
2007年考研数学三真题及完整解析
2007年研究生入学考试数学三试题一、选择题：1～10小题，每小题4分，共40分. 在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项符合题目要求，把所选项前的字母填在题后的括号内.（1）当0x +→时，与x 等价的无穷小量是（A ）1ex- （B ）ln1x- （C ）11x +- （D ）1cos x - [ ]（2）设函数()f x 在0x =处连续，下列命题错误的是：（A ）若0()limx f x x →存在，则(0)0f = （B ）若0()()lim x f x f x x→+-存在，则(0)0f = .（B ）若0()lim x f x x →存在，则(0)0f '= （D ）若0()()lim x f x f x x→--存在，则(0)0f '=.[ ]（3）如图，连续函数()y f x =在区间[][]3,2,2,3--上的图形分别是直径为1的上、下半圆周，在区间[][]2,0,0,2-的图形分别是直径为2的下、上半圆周，设0()()d xF x f t t =⎰，则下列结论正确的是：（A ）3(3)(2)4F F =-- (B) 5(3)(2)4F F = （C ）3(3)(2)4F F = （D ）5(3)(2)4F F =-- [ ]（4）设函数(,)f x y 连续，则二次积分1sin 2d (,)d xx f x y y ππ⎰⎰等于（A ）10arcsin d (,)d yy f x y x ππ+⎰⎰（B ）10arcsin d (,)d yy f x y x ππ-⎰⎰（C ）1arcsin 02d (,)d yy f x y x ππ+⎰⎰ （D ）1arcsin 02d (,)d yy f x y x ππ-⎰⎰（5）设某商品的需求函数为1602Q P =-，其中,Q P 分别表示需要量和价格，如果该商品需求弹性的绝对值（6）曲线()1ln 1e x y x=++的渐近线的条数为 （A ）0. （B ）1. （C ）2. （D ）3. [ ] （7）设向量组123,,ααα线性无关，则下列向量组线性相关的是线性相关，则 (A) 122331,,αααααα---(B) 122331,,αααααα+++(C) 1223312,2,2αααααα---.(D) 1223312,2,2αααααα+++. [ ]（8）设矩阵211100121,010112000A B --⎛⎫⎛⎫ ⎪ ⎪=--= ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪--⎝⎭⎝⎭，则A 与B(A) 合同且相似（B ）合同，但不相似.(C) 不合同，但相似. (D) 既不合同也不相似 [ ] （9）某人向同一目标独立重复射击，每次射击命中目标的概率为(01)p p <<，则此人第4次射击恰好第2次击中目标的概率为（A ）23(1)p p -. （B ）26(1)p p -.（C ）223(1)p p -. （D ）226(1)p p - [ ]（10）设随机变量(),X Y 服从二维正态分布，且X 与Y 不相关，(),()X Y f x f y 分别表示,X Y 的概率密度，则在Y y =的条件下，X 的条件概率密度|(|)X Y f x y 为 (A) ()X f x . (B) ()Y f y . (C) ()()X Y f x f y . (D)()()X Y f x f y . [ ] 二、填空题：11～16小题，每小题4分，共24分. 把答案填在题中横线上.（11） 3231lim(sin cos )2x x x x x x x →+∞+++=+ __________. （12）设函数123y x =+，则()(0)n y =________. （13） 设(,)f u v 是二元可微函数，,y x z f x y ⎛⎫=⎪⎝⎭，则z zx y x y ∂∂-=∂∂ __________.（14）微分方程3d 1d 2y y y x x x ⎛⎫=- ⎪⎝⎭满足11x y==的特解为y =________.（15）设矩阵0100001000010000A ⎛⎫⎪⎪= ⎪⎪⎝⎭，则3A 的秩为 .（16）在区间()0,1中随机地取两个数，则这两个数之差的绝对值小于12的概率为 . 三、解答题：17～24小题，共86分. 解答应写出文字说明、证明过程或演算步骤.（17） (本题满分10分)设函数()y y x =由方程ln 0y y x y -+=确定，试判断曲线()y y x =在点(1,1)附近的凹凸性. （18） (本题满分11分)设二元函数2,||||1(,)1||||2x x y f x y x y ⎧+≤⎪=<+≤，计算二重积分D(,)d f x y σ⎰⎰，其中(){},||||2D x y x y =+≤.（19） (本题满分11分)设函数(),()f x g x 在[],a b 上连续，在(,)a b 内具有二阶导数且存在相等的最大值，()(),()()f a g a f b g b ==，证明：存在(,)a b ξ∈，使得()()f g ξξ''''=.（20） (本题满分10分)将函数21()34f x x x =--展开成1x -的幂级数，并指出其收敛区间.（21） (本题满分11分)设线性方程组123123212302040x x x x x ax x x a x ⎧++=⎪++=⎨⎪++=⎩与方程12321x x x a ++=-有公共解，求a 的值及所有公共解.（22） (本题满分11分)设三阶对称矩阵A 的特征向量值1231,2,2λλλ===-，T1(1,1,1)α=-是A 的属于1λ的一个特征向量，记534B A A E =-+，其中E 为3阶单位矩阵.（I ）验证1α是矩阵B 的特征向量，并求B 的全部特征值与特征向量； （II ）求矩阵B . （23） (本题满分11分)设二维随机变量(,)X Y 的概率密度为2,01,01(,)0,x y x y f x y --<<<<⎧=⎨⎩其他.（I ）求{}2P X Y >；(II) 求Z X Y =+的概率密度.2007答案1….【分析】本题为等价无穷小的判定，利用定义或等价无穷小代换即可. 【详解】当0x +→时，1-:1:，211122x -=:， 故用排除法可得正确选项为（B ）.事实上，000lim lim lim 1x x +++→→→==，或lnln(1)ln(1()x x o x o o =+-=+=:.所以应选（B ）【评注】本题为关于无穷小量比较的基本题型，利用等价无穷小代换可简化计算. .2…….【分析】本题考查可导的极限定义及连续与可导的关系. 由于题设条件含有抽象函数，本题最简便的方法是用赋值法求解，即取符合题设条件的特殊函数()f x 去进行判断，然后选择正确选项.【详解】取()||f x x =，则0()()lim0x f x f x x→--=，但()f x 在0x =不可导，故选（D ）.事实上，在(A),(B)两项中，因为分母的极限为0，所以分子的极限也必须为0，则可推得(0)0f =.在（C ）中，0()limx f x x →存在，则00()(0)()(0)0,(0)lim lim 00x x f x f f x f f x x→→-'====-，所以(C)项正确，故选(D)【评注】对于题设条件含抽象函数或备选项为抽象函数形式结果以及数值型结果的选择题，用赋值法求解往往能收到奇效.3…….【分析】本题实质上是求分段函数的定积分. 【详解】利用定积分的几何意义，可得221113(3)12228F πππ⎛⎫=-= ⎪⎝⎭，211(2)222F ππ==，202202011(2)()d ()d ()d 122F f x x f x x f x x ππ---==-===⎰⎰⎰. 所以 33(3)(2)(2)44F F F ==-，故选（C ）.【评注】本题属基本题型. 本题利用定积分的几何意义比较简便.4…….【分析】本题更换二次积分的积分次序，先根据二次积分确定积分区域，然后写出新的二次积分.【详解】由题设可知，,sin 12x x y ππ≤≤≤≤，则01,arcsin y y x ππ≤≤-≤≤，故应选（B ）.【评注】本题为基础题型. 画图更易看出.5…….【分析】本题考查需求弹性的概念. 【详解】选（D ）.商品需求弹性的绝对值等于d 2140d 1602Q P P P P Q P-⋅==⇒=-， 故选（D ）.【评注】需掌握微积分在经济中的应用中的边际，弹性等概念.6…….【分析】利用曲线的渐近线的求解公式求出水平渐近线，垂直渐近线和斜渐近线，然后判断. 【详解】()()11lim lim ln 1e ,lim lim ln 1e 0xxx x x x y y x x →+∞→+∞→-∞→-∞⎡⎤⎡⎤=++=+∞=++=⎢⎥⎢⎥⎣⎦⎣⎦，所以 0y =是曲线的水平渐近线；()001lim lim ln 1e xx x y x→→⎡⎤=++=∞⎢⎥⎣⎦，所以0x =是曲线的垂直渐近线； ()()1e ln 1e ln 1e 1e lim lim 0lim lim 11xxx x x x x x y x x x x →+∞→+∞→+∞→+∞++++==+==，[]()1lim lim ln 1e0xx x b y x x x →+∞→+∞⎡⎤=-=++-=⎢⎥⎣⎦，所以y x =是曲线的斜渐近线. 故选（D ）.【评注】本题为基本题型，应熟练掌握曲线的水平渐近线，垂直渐近线和斜渐近线的求法.注意当曲线存在水平渐近线时，斜渐近线不存在. 本题要注意e x当,x x →+∞→-∞时的极限不同.7……..【分析】本题考查由线性无关的向量组123,,ααα构造的另一向量组123,,βββ的线性相关性. 一般令()()123123,,,,A βββααα=，若0A =，则123,,βββ线性相关；若0A ≠，则123,,βββ线性无关. 但考虑到本题备选项的特征，可通过简单的线性运算得到正确选项.【详解】由()()()1223310αααααα-+-+-=可知应选（A ）.或者因为()()122331123101,,,,110011ααααααααα-⎛⎫ ⎪---=- ⎪ ⎪-⎝⎭，而1011100011--=-， 所以122331,,αααααα---线性相关，故选（A ）.【评注】本题也可用赋值法求解，如取()()()TTT1231,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,1ααα===，以此求出（A ），（B ），（C ），（D ）中的向量并分别组成一个矩阵，然后利用矩阵的秩或行列式是否为零可立即得到正确选项.8……【分析】本题考查矩阵的合同关系与相似关系及其之间的联系，只要求得A 的特征值，并考虑到实对称矩阵A 必可经正交变换使之相似于对角阵，便可得到答案.【详解】 由2211121(3)112E A λλλλλλ--=-=--可得1233,0λλλ===，所以A 的特征值为3,3,0；而B 的特征值为1,1,0.所以A 与B 不相似，但是A 与B 的秩均为2，且正惯性指数都为2，所以A 与B 合同，故选（B ）. 【评注】若矩阵A 与B 相似，则A 与B 具有相同的行列式，相同的秩和相同的特征值. 所以通过计算A 与B 的特征值可立即排除（A ）（C ）.9……..【分析】本题计算贝努里概型，即二项分布的概率. 关键要搞清所求事件中的成功次数. 【详解】p ＝｛前三次仅有一次击中目标，第4次击中目标｝12223(1)3(1)C p p p p p =-=-，故选（C ）.【评注】本题属基本题型.10…….【分析】本题求随机变量的条件概率密度，利用X 与Y 的独立性和公式|(,)(|)()X Y Y f x y f x y f y =可求解. 【详解】因为(),X Y 服从二维正态分布，且X 与Y 不相关，所以X 与Y 独立，所以(,)()()X Y f x y f x f y =.故|()()(,)(|)()()()X Y X Y X Y Y f x f y f x y f x y f x f y f y ===，应选（A ）.【评注】若(),X Y 服从二维正态分布，则X 与Y 不相关与X 与Y 独立是等价的.11….【分析】本题求类未定式，可利用“抓大头法”和无穷小乘以有界量仍为无穷小的结论.精选文库【详解】因为323233110222lim lim0,|sin cos |22112x x x x x x xx x x x x x x x →+∞→+∞++++===+<++， 所以3231lim(sin cos )02x x x x x x x →+∞+++=+. 【评注】无穷小的相关性质：（1） 有限个无穷小的代数和为无穷小； （2） 有限个无穷小的乘积为无穷小； （3） 无穷小与有界变量的乘积为无穷小.12,……..【分析】本题求函数的高阶导数，利用递推法或函数的麦克老林展开式.【详解】()212,2323y y x x '==-++，则()1(1)2!()(23)n n n n n y x x +-=+，故()1(1)2!(0)3n n n n n y +-=. 【评注】本题为基础题型.13…….【分析】本题为二元复合函数求偏导，直接利用公式即可. 【详解】利用求导公式可得1221z y f f x x y ∂''=-+∂， 1221z x f f y x y∂''=-∂， 所以122z z y x xy f f x y xy ⎛⎫∂∂''-=-- ⎪∂∂⎝⎭. 【评注】二元复合函数求偏导时，最好设出中间变量，注意计算的正确性.14…..【分析】本题为齐次方程的求解，可令y u x=. 【详解】令yu x=，则原方程变为 33d 1d d d 22u u x u x u u x u x+=-⇒=-.两边积分得 2111ln ln 222x C u -=--， 即222111e e y u x x x C C=⇒=，将11x y==代入左式得 e C =，故满足条件的方程的特解为 22e e x y x =，即y =，1e x ->.【评注】本题为基础题型.15……….【分析】先将3A 求出，然后利用定义判断其秩.【详解】30100000100100000()10001000000000000A A r A ⎛⎫⎛⎫⎪⎪⎪⎪=⇒=⇒= ⎪⎪ ⎪⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭. 【评注】本题为基础题型.16……….【分析】根据题意可得两个随机变量服从区间()0,1上的均匀分布，利用几何概型计算较为简便.【详解】利用几何概型计算. 图如下：所求概率2113214A D S S ⎛⎫- ⎪⎝⎭===.【评注】本题也可先写出两个随机变量的概率密度，然后利用它们的独立性求得所求概率.17……..【分析】由凹凸性判别方法和隐函数的求导可得.【详解】 方程 ln 0y y x y -+=两边对x 求导得ln 10y y y yy y'''+-+=， 即(2ln )1y y '+=，则1(1)2y '=.上式两边再对x 求导得()2(2ln )0y y y y'''++=则1(1)8y ''=-，所以曲线()y y x =在点(1,1)附近是凸的.【评注】本题为基础题型.18…….【分析】由于积分区域关于,x y 轴均对称，所以利用二重积分的对称性结论简化所求积分. 【详解】因为被积函数关于,x y 均为偶函数，且积分区域关于,x y 轴均对称，所以1DD (,)d (,)d f x y f x y σσ=⎰⎰⎰⎰，其中1D 为D 在第一象限内的部分.而12D 1,0,012,0,(,)d d x y x y x y x y f x y x σσσ+≤≥≥≤+≤≥≥=+⎰⎰⎰⎰⎰⎰1122220110d d d d xx x x x x y x y x y ---⎛⎫ ⎪=++ ⎪⎝⎭⎰⎰⎰⎰⎰⎰(1112=. 所以(D1(,)d 13f x y σ=++⎰⎰.【评注】被积函数包含22y x +时, 可考虑用极坐标，解答如下：1210,00,0(,)d x y x y x y x y f x y σσ≤+≤≤+≤>>>>=⎰⎰⎰⎰22sin cos 10sin cos d d r πθθθθθ++=⎰⎰=+..19…….【分析】由所证结论()()f g ξξ''''=可联想到构造辅助函数()()()F x f x g x =-，然后根据题设条件利用罗尔定理证明.【详解】令()()()F x f x g x =-，则()F x 在[],a b 上连续，在(,)a b 内具有二阶导数且()()0F a F b ==.（1）若(),()f x g x 在(,)a b 内同一点c 取得最大值，则()()()0f c g c F c =⇒=， 于是由罗尔定理可得，存在12(,),(,)a c c b ξξ∈∈，使得12()()0F F ξξ''==.再利用罗尔定理，可得 存在12(,)ξξξ∈，使得()0F ξ''=，即()()f g ξξ''''=. （2）若(),()f x g x 在(,)a b 内不同点12,c c 取得最大值，则12()()f c g c M ==，于是 111222()()()0,()()()0F c f c g c F c f c g c =->=-<， 于是由零值定理可得，存在312(,)c c c ∈，使得3()0F c = 于是由罗尔定理可得，存在1323(,),(,)a c c b ξξ∈∈，使得12()()0F F ξξ''==.再利用罗尔定理，可得 ，存在12(,)ξξξ∈，使得()0F ξ''=，即()()f g ξξ''''=. 【评注】对命题为()()0n fξ=的证明，一般利用以下两种方法：方法一：验证ξ为(1)()n fx -的最值或极值点，利用极值存在的必要条件或费尔马定理可得证；方法二：验证(1)()n fx -在包含x ξ=于其内的区间上满足罗尔定理条件..20….【分析】本题考查函数的幂级数展开，利用间接法. 【详解】211111()34(4)(1)541f x x x x x x x ⎛⎫===- ⎪---+-+⎝⎭，而10011111(1),2414333313nnn n n x x x x x ∞∞+==--⎛⎫=-⋅=-=--<< ⎪--⎝⎭-∑∑， 10011111(1)(1),1311222212nn nn n n x x x x x ∞∞+==---⎛⎫=⋅=-=-<< ⎪-+⎝⎭+∑∑ ， 所以 1111000(1)(1)(1)1(1)()(1)3232n n n n nn n n n n n n x x f x x ∞∞∞++++===⎡⎤----=-+=-+-⎢⎥⎣⎦∑∑∑， 收敛区间为 13x -<<.【评注】请记住常见函数的幂级数展开.21…..【分析】将方程组和方程合并，然后利用非齐次线性方程有解的判定条件求得a . 【详解】将方程组和方程合并，后可得线性方程组12312321231230204021x x x x x ax x x a x x x x a ++=⎧⎪++=⎪⎨++=⎪⎪++=-⎩ 其系数矩阵22111011101200110140031012110101a a A a a a a ⎛⎫⎛⎫ ⎪ ⎪-⎪ ⎪=→ ⎪ ⎪- ⎪ ⎪--⎝⎭⎝⎭. 21110111001100110003200011001100(1)(2)0a a a a a a a a a a ⎛⎫⎛⎫⎪⎪-- ⎪ ⎪→→⎪ ⎪-+-- ⎪⎪----⎝⎭⎝⎭.显然，当1,2a a ≠≠时无公共解. 当1a =时，可求得公共解为 ()T1,0,1k ξ=-,k 为任意常数； 当2a =时，可求得公共解为()T0,1,1ξ=-.【评注】本题为基础题型，考查非齐次线性方程组解的判定和结构.22……【分析】本题考查实对称矩阵特征值和特征向量的概念和性质. 【详解】（I ）()()5353531111111111144412B A A Eααλαλααλλαα=-+=-+=-+=-，则1α是矩阵B 的属于－2的特征向量. 同理可得 ()532222241B αλλαα=-+=，()533333341B αλλαα=-+=.所以B 的全部特征值为2，1，1设B 的属于1的特征向量为T2123(,,)x x x α=，显然B 为对称矩阵，所以根据不同特征值所对应的特征向量正交，可得T 120αα=.即 1230x x x -+=，解方程组可得B 的属于1的特征向量T T212(1,0,1)(0,1,0)k k α=-+，其中12,k k 为不全为零的任意常数. 由前可知B 的属于－2的特征向量为 T3(1,1,1)k -，其中3k 不为零.（II ）令101011101P ⎛⎫ ⎪=- ⎪ ⎪-⎝⎭，由（Ⅰ）可得-1100010002P BP ⎛⎫ ⎪= ⎪ ⎪-⎝⎭，则011101110B -⎛⎫⎪= ⎪ ⎪-⎝⎭.【评注】本题主要考查求抽象矩阵的特征值和特征向量，此类问题一般用定义求解，要想方设法将题设条件转化为Ax x λ=的形式. 请记住以下结论：（1）设λ是方阵A 的特征值，则21*,,,(),,kA aA bE A f A A A -+分别有特征值 21,,,(),,(Ak a b f A λλλλλλ+可逆），且对应的特征向量是相同的.（2）对实对称矩阵来讲，不同特征值所对应的特征向量一定是正交的23…….【分析】（I ）可化为二重积分计算； (II) 利用卷积公式可得. 【详解】（I ）{}()()12002722d d d 2d 24xx yP X Y x y x y x x y y >>=--=--=⎰⎰⎰⎰. (II) 利用卷积公式可得 ()(,)d Z f z f x z x x +∞-∞=-⎰20121(2)d ,01201(2)d ,12(2)120,0,z z x x z z z z x x z z z -⎧-<<⎪⎧-<<⎪⎪=-<<=-≤<⎨⎨⎪⎪⎩⎪⎩⎰⎰其他其他.【评注】 (II)也可先求出分布函数，然后求导得概率密度..（24） (本题满分11分)设总体X 的概率密度为1,021(),12(1)0,x f x x θθθθ⎧<<⎪⎪⎪=≤<⎨-⎪⎪⎪⎩其他12(,,X X …,)n X 为来自总体X 的简单随机样本，X 是样本均值.精选文库（I ）求参数θ的矩估计量θ)；（II ）判断24X 是否为2θ的无偏估计量，并说明理由.【分析】利用EX X =求（I ）；判断()?224E X θ=.【详解】（I ）()101()d d d 22124x x EX xf x x x x θθθθθ+∞-∞==+=+-⎰⎰⎰，令112242X X θθ=+⇒=-). （II ）()()()()222214444E XE X DX EX DX EX n ⎡⎤⎡⎤==+=+⎢⎥⎣⎦⎣⎦， 而()2221221()d d d 221336x x EX x f x x x x θθθθθθ+∞-∞==+=++-⎰⎰⎰，所以 ()2225121248DX EX EX θθ=-=-+， 所以()()222211115441133412E X DX EX n n n n θθθ⎡⎤⎛⎫⎛⎫⎛⎫=+=++-++≠ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪⎢⎥⎣⎦⎝⎭⎝⎭⎝⎭，故24X 不是2θ的无偏估计量.【评注】要熟练掌握总体未知参数点估计的矩估计法，最大似然估计法和区间估计法.。
2007年数学三真题答案解析
数，知 A 与 B 合同，应选(B). 方法 2: 因为迹(A)=2+2+2=6，迹(B)=1+1=2 6，所以 A 与 B 不相似(不满足相似的必要条件)。
又 E A ( 3)2 ， E B ( 1)2 ，A 与 B 是同阶实对称矩阵，其秩
方法 2：举例法，举例说明(D)不正确。例如取 f (x) x ，有
lim f (x) f (x) lim x x 0 存在
x0
x0
x0
x
而 lim f x f 0 lim x 0 1 ， lim f x f 0 lim x 0 1 ，左
x0
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x0 x 0
x0
x0
x0 x 0
若
P
P 80
1，
P
P
80
，无意义；若
P 80
P
1，解得：
P
40.
所以选(D)
(6)【答案】D
【详解】因为
lim
x0
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lim
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，
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lim
x-
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0
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F (3) 2 f (t)dt 3 f (t)dt 3 3 3 F (2)
2007年执业医师考试真题(含答案)
一、单选题[共100题，每题1分，总计100分]1、肺通气的直接动力来自（）。
A．肺的舒缩运动B．肺的弹性回缩C．肺内压与大气压之差D．肺内压与胸内压之差E．胸内负压的周期变化2、与重组体的筛选无关的是（）。
A．抗药性标志选择B．分子杂交法C．酶免检测分析D．免疫化学法E．克隆载体的改建3、血浆蛋白是组成血浆固体的主要成分，在临床上常利用盐析和电泳等方法将血浆蛋白大致分类。
下列血浆蛋白的共同特征中错误的是（）。
A．多数血浆蛋白在肝中合成B．几乎所有的血浆蛋白都不是糖蛋白（除清蛋白以外）C．许多血浆蛋白显示多态性D．每种血浆蛋白具有一定的半衰期E．慢性炎症或癌症患者的某些血浆蛋白水平增高4、新斯的明的哪项药理作用最强大（）。
A．对心脏的抑制作用B．促进腺体分泌作用C．对眼睛的作用D．对中枢神经的作用E．骨骼肌兴奋作用5、毛果芸香碱用于眼科治疗虹膜炎的目的是（）。
A．消除炎症B．防止穿孔C．防止虹膜与晶体的粘连D．促进虹膜损伤的愈合E．抗微生物感染6、临床上对中度有机磷酸酯类中毒的患者可用（）。
A．氯磷定和毛果芸香碱合用B．阿托品和毛果芸香碱合用C．阿托品的毒扁豆碱合用D．氯磷定和毒扁豆碱合用E．阿托品和氯磷定合用7、对慢性有机磷酸酯类中毒的解救（）。
A．单用阿托品疗效好B．单用氯磷定疗效好C．合用阿托品和氯磷定疗效好D．目前尚无特殊治疗方法E．合用阿托品和毒扁豆碱疗效好8、对抗洋地黄中毒引起的心律失常最佳药物是（）。
A．奎尼丁B．普萘洛尔C．维拉帕米D．胺碘酮E．苯妥英钠9、临床上糖皮质激素用于严重感染的目的是（）。
A．加强抗生素的抗菌作用B．提高机体抗病能力C．抗炎、抗毒素、抗过敏、抗休克D．加强心肌收缩力，改善微循环E．以上都不是10、对纤维化结核病灶中的结核菌有杀灭作用的药物是（）。
A．对氨水杨酸B．异烟肼C．链霉素D．庆大霉素E．乙胺丁醇11、20岁男性患者，有头痛、呕吐，午后发热及颈项强直，诊断为结核性脑膜炎，需要进行治疗。
2007年高考真题(广东卷)含答案(word版)
（1）欲制备10.7 g NH4Cl，理论上需NaCl g。
（2）实验室进行了蒸发浓缩用到的主要仪器有 、烧杯、玻璃
棒、酒精灯等。
（3）“冷却结晶”过程中，析出NH4Cl晶体的合适温度为 。
（4）不用其它试剂，检查NH4Cl产品是否纯净的方法及操作是
。
（5）若NH4Cl产品中含有硫酸钠杂质，进一步提纯产品的方法是
容器中，反应2SO2（g）+O2（g）==2SO3（g）在一定条件下达到平衡，
测得c（SO2）=0.040 mol·L-3。
计算该条件等平衡SO2的平SO2的平均转化率（写出计算过程）。
（2）已知上述反应是导热反应，当该反应处于平衡状态时，在体积
2．下列可用于测定溶液pH且精确度最高的是（ ）
A．酸碱指示剂
B．pH计
C．精密pH试纸
D．广泛pH试纸
3．下列叙述正确的是（ ）
A．48 g O3气体含有6.02×1023个O3分子
B．常温常压下，4.6 g NO2气体含有1.81×1023个NO2分子 C．0.5 mol·L-1CuCl2溶液中含有3.01×1023个Cu2+ D．标准状况下，33.6 L H2O含有9.03×1023个H2O分子
14．将V1 mL 1.00 mol·L-1HCl溶液V2 mL未知浓度的NaOH溶液混合均匀
后测量并记录溶液温度，实验结果如右图所示（实验中始终保
持V1+V2=50 mL）。下列叙述正确的是（ ）
A．做该实验时环境温度为22 ℃
B．该实验表明化学能可以转化为热能
C．NaOH溶液的浓度约是1.00 mol·L-1
A．①②
B．①③
C．②③
D．①②③
2007年全国各地高考真题语文文言文阅读精编注释及答案
五、（文言文阅读题解析汇编）2007年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试语文试卷全国1三、（9分，每小题3分）阅读下面的文言文，完成8~10题。
宋均字叔庠，南阳安众人也。
以父任为郎，时年十五，好经书，每休沐日，辄受业博士，通《诗》《礼》，善论难。
至二十余，调补辰阳长。
其俗少学者而信巫鬼，均为立学校，禁绝淫祀，人皆安之。
迁上蔡令，时禁人丧葬不得侈长，均曰：“夫送终逾制，失之轻者。
今有不义之民，尚未循化，而遽罚过礼，非攻之先。
”竞不肯施行。
迁九江太守，郡多虎暴，数为民患，常募设槛阱而犹多伤害。
均曰：“夫虎豹在山，鼋鼍在水，各有所托。
且江淮之有猛兽，犹北土之有鸡豚也。
今为民害，咎在残吏，而劳勤张捕，非忧恤之本也。
其务退奸贪，思进忠善，可一去槛阱，除削课制。
”其后传言虎相与东游渡江。
中元元年，多蝗，其飞至九江界者，辄东西散去，由是名称远近。
浚道县有唐、后二山，民共祠之，众巫遂取百姓男女，岁岁改易，既而不敢嫁娶，前后守令莫敢禁。
均乃下书日：“自今以后，为山娶者皆娶巫家，勿扰良民。
”于是遂绝。
永平元年，迁东海相，在郡五年，坐法免官。
而东海吏民思均恩化，为之作歌，诣闲乞还者数个人。
显宗以其能，七年，征拜尚书令。
每有驳议，多合上旨。
均尝删剪疑事，帝以为有奸，大怒。
诸尚书惶恐，皆叩头谢罪。
均顾厉色曰：“盖忠臣执义，无有二心。
若畏威失正，均虽死，不易志。
”帝善其不挠，迁均司隶杜尉。
数月，出为河内太守，数化大行。
均尝寝病，百姓耆老为祷请，旦夕问起居，其为民爱若此。
以疾上书乞免，帝使中黄门慰问，固留养疾。
司徒缺，帝以均才任宰相，均流涕而辞。
均性宽和，不喜文法，常以为苛察之人，身戎廉法，而巧黠刻削，毒加百姓，灾害流亡所由而作。
及在尚书，恒欲叩头争之，以时方严切，故遂不敢陈。
帝后闻其言而追悲之。
建初元年，卒于家。
8．对下列句子中加点的词的解释，不正确的一项是A.夫送终逾制，失之轻者失：过错。
B.常募设槛阱而犹多伤害募：招求。
C.有唐、后二山，民共祠之祠：祭祀。
2007年教育学考研统考真题及答案解析
2007年教育学考研统考真题及答案解析一、单项选择题：1～45小题，每小题2分，共90分。
下列每题给出的四个选项中，只有一个选项是符合题目要求的。
1.赫尔巴特所代表的传统教育思想的核心一般被概括为：教材中心、课堂中心和A.教师中心B.学校中心C.学生中心D.活动中心【答案】A2.强调知识的内在逻辑和系统性，主张分科教学的是A.经验主义课程论B.学科中心课程论C.存在主义课程论D.后现代主义课程论【答案】B3.只要提供了足够的时间和帮助，每一个学生都能达成学习目标，依据这种思想建构的教学模式是A.程序教学模式B.发现教学模式C.掌握学习教学模式D.非指导性教学模式【答案】C4.下列文件中，最早提出“把发展基础教育的责任交给地方，有步骤地实行九年义务教育”的是A.《中共中央关于教育体制改革的决定》B.《中国教育改革和发展纲要》C.《中共中央、国务院关于深化教育改革，全面推进素质教育的决定》D.《国务院关于基础教育改革与发展的决定》【答案】A5.按照科尔伯格的理论，以人际关系和谐或“好孩子”为定向的道德发展阶段处于A.前习俗水平B.习俗水平C.后习俗水平D.准习俗水平【答案】B6.在—个人的发展过程中，有的方面在较低的年龄阶段就达到了较高的水平，有的方面则要到较高的年龄阶段才能达到成熟的水平。
这反映人的身心发展具有A 顺序性B 阶段性C 差异性D不均衡性【答案】D7.泰勒认为，课程评价是为了找出结果与目标之间的差距，并利用这种反馈信息作为修订课程计划的依据。
据此提出的课程评价模式是A.目标评价模式B.目标游离评价模式C.背景、输人、过程、结果评价模式D.差距评价模式【答案】A8.按照美国教育哲学家谢弗勒对教育定义的分类，作者自己创制的、其内涵在作者的某种话语情境中始终是同一的定义属于A.描述性定义B.纲领性定义C.解释性定义D.规定性定义【答案】D9.“个人怎样表现自己的生活，他们自己就是怎样。
因此，他们是什么样的，这同他们的生产是一致的——既和他们生产什么—致，又和他们怎样生产一致。
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2007年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试历史学基础试题一、选择题：l－20小题，每小题2分，共40分。
1．春秋战国时期曾在稷下学宫讲学的思想家是
A．老子B．孔子C．庄子D．荀子
2．下列墓葬遗址中，出土了大批帛书的是
A．云梦睡虎地秦墓B．长沙马王堆汉墓
C．临沂银雀山汉墓D．江陵张家山汉墓
3．属于唐朝后期“南衙北司之争”的事件是
A．甘露之变B．河阴之变
C．夺门之变D．高平陵之变
4．宋仁宗时期政治改革的主持者是
A．王安石B．包拯
C．范仲淹D．寇准
5．明清时期的“三法司”指
A．都察院、通政使司、大理寺
B．刑部、都察院、大理寺
C．通政使司、大理寺、刑部
D．布政使司、按察使司、都指挥使司
6．晚清时期清帝年号的正确排序是
A．道光、同治、光绪、咸丰、宣统
B．道光、咸丰、光绪、同治、宣统
C．道光、同治、咸丰、光绪、宣统
D．道光、咸丰、同治、光绪、宣统
7．晚清时期下列武装力量出现的先后顺序是
A．湘军、淮军、练军、新军
B．淮军、湘军、练军、新军
C．练军、湘军、淮军、新军
D．湘军、练军、淮军、新军
8．中国近现代民族工业中规模最大的民营棉纺织企业是
A．大生资本集团B．申新纺织企业系统
C．恒丰纱厂D．华新纱厂
9．袁世凯统治时期被称为“第一流人才内阁”的总理是
A．熊希龄B．唐绍仪
C．段祺瑞D．赵秉钧
10．我国第一个“五年计划”实施的时间是
A．I950-1954年
B．1951-1955年
C．1952-1956年
D．1953-1957年
11．迈锡尼文明使用的文字是
A．楔形文字B．象形文字
C．线形文字A D．线形文字B
12．埃及新王国时期进行宗教改革的法老是
A．阿蒙霍特普四世B．图特摩斯四世
C．拉美西斯二世D．图坦卡蒙
13．《萨利克法典》主要反映了哪一支日耳曼人的社会生活状况？
A．伦巴德人B．汪达尔人
C．法兰克人D．盎格鲁一撒克逊人
14．李白作《哭晁卿衡》，以纪念误传在返国途中罹难的留唐日本友人
A．吉备真备B．空海
C．阿倍仲麻吕D．最澄
15．中世纪著名的阿拉伯学者阿维森纳的代表作是
A．《古兰经注》B．《医典》
C．《黄金草原》D．《地形学》
16．近代英国思想家洛克的代表作是
A．《利维坦》B．《大洋国》
C．《政府论》D．《自由法典》
17．法国大革命中，颁布全面限价法案的政治派别是
A．吉伦特派B．雅各宾派
C．斐扬派D．平等派
18．日本明治政府于1869年推出的改革措施是
A．废藩置县B．颁行《学制》
C．朝廷改元D．土地改革
19．19世纪晚期，通过武装斗争赢得民族独立的非洲国家是
A．苏丹B．摩洛哥
C．利比里亚D．埃塞俄比亚
20．在下列各项中，不属于列宁《四月提纲》内容的是
A．不给临时政府以任何支持
B．全部政权归苏维埃
C．武装起义的时机已完全成熟
D．新建的国家应是苏维埃共和国
二、名词解释：21－28小题，每小题10分，共80分。
21．推恩令22．圩田23．金瓶掣签24．国民革命军陆军新编第四军25．阇提26．凡尔登条约27．《九十五条论纲》28．欧洲煤钢联营协定
三、史料分析题：29－30小题，每小题30分，共60分。
29．阅读下列材料，回答问题：
材料一：
科目者，沿唐、宋之旧，而稍变其试士之法，专取四子书及易、书、诗、春秋、礼记五经命题试士。
盖太祖与刘基所定。
其文略仿宋经义，然代古人语气为之，体用排偶，谓之八股，通谓之制义。
三年大比，以诸生试之直省，曰乡试。
中试者为举人。
次年，以举人试之京师，曰会试。
中式者，天子亲策于廷，曰廷试，亦曰殿试。
分一、二、三甲以为名第之次。
一甲止三人，曰状元、榜眼、探花，赐进士及第。
二甲若干人，赐进士出身。
三甲若干人，赐同进士出身。
状元、榜眼、探花之名，制所定也。
而士大夫又通以乡试第一为解元，会试第一为会元，二、三甲第一为传胪云。
--选自《明史》卷七十《选举二》。
材料二：
（1898年，上谕）著照所拟，乡会试仍定为三场，第一场试中国史事、国朝政治论五道；第二场试时务策五道，专问五洲各国之政、专门之艺；第三场试四书义两篇、五经义一篇。
……礼部即通行各省，一体遵照。
--选自《光绪朝东华录》第四册，中华书局1958年版，总第4141页。
材料三：
（1905年，上谕）著即自丙午科为始，所有乡会试一律停止，各省岁科考试，亦即停止。
……学堂本古学校之制，其奖励出身，又与科举无异。
历次定章，原以修身读经为本。
各门科学，尤皆切于实用，是在官绅申明宗旨，闻风兴起，多建学堂，普及教育。
--选自《光绪朝东华录》第五册，中华书局1958年版，总第5392－5393页。
（1）解释材料一中的“四子书”、“大比”、“进士出身”、“传胪”。
（2）依据材料一，说明明代科举考试与唐宋的主要区别。
（3）依据材料二、三，指出清政府变革科举的措施。
30．根据图表回答问题：
表1欧洲4个国家和地区的人均GDP，1500-1913年
（单位：1990年国际元）
年份国家150016001700182018701913
法国727841986123018763485
荷兰75413682110182127534049
英国7149741250170731914921
俄国5005536116899431488资料来源：[英]安格斯.麦迪森：《世界经济千年史》，北京大学出版社2003年版，第263页。
表2欧洲4个国家和地区的人口，1500-1913年（单位：千人）
年份国家150016001700182018701913
法国150001850021471312463844041463
荷兰95015001900235536156164
英国394261708565212263139345649
俄国1695020700265505476588672156192资料来源：[英]安格斯.麦迪森：《世界经济千年史》，北京大学出版社2003年版，第238页。
（l）分别指出1500一1913年间，法国、荷兰、英国等3个国家和地区人均GDP和人口变化的趋势。
（2指出1500-1913年间，俄国人均GDP和人口变化的趋势，并分析其原因。
四、简答题；31－34小题，每小题30分，共120分。
31．隋朝加强中央集权和巩固统一的措施及其意义。
32．第一次世界大战对中国的影响。
33．亚历山大东征及其影响。
34．1901-1939年间美国历届政府在国内经济活动中职能作用的演变。