2014年专八作文题目和范文
14-05英语专八写作真题及范文
14-05专业八级历年写作真题及范文2014年八级作文题目作文题目：my views on working from home（网友回忆版）作文范文：仅供参考，作文自己写探讨工作是在家里好还是在办公地点好[范文]My Views on Working from HomeOn weekdays, as people wake up and make the commute to work, hundreds of people dream of the day when they can work from home. With the integration of technology and innovation into work and home lives, it is delighted to find that we are now able to turn this dream into a reality. Gone are the days when people have to attend meetings in person. Now, those who work at home can communicate with colleagues via mobile phone, computer, and other digital devices.Regarding working from home, what firstly comes to our mind? Apparently, the reduction of congestion. In most cities, especially those metropolises, it is a commonplace that people squeeze in and out of a crowded bus or metro in rush hours. Let's imagine what amount of time can be saved when those people choose or are encouraged to work from home. The saved time can be devoted to precious work time, and thus, elevating efficiency. Furthermore, working at home eases the troublesome of some people working in the downtown while living in the suburb. It is also believed that a lot of people, whose representatives are working parents with childcare responsibility, may benefit from the changing work pattern. Moms, in particularly, may don't have to struggle to juggle their careers and their families any more.But each new thing is always accompanied by potential dangers. The same is true for the trend of working from home. Though embodied with lots of advantages, it also brings about some negative impacts. For instance, the reduction of face-to-face communication may affect team spirits. There are much more distractions at home than in offices, especially for working women with babies. Besides, from the perspective of employers, it is hard for them to monitor the performance of workers athome.Therefore it is advisable that people take everything into consideration, balancing merits and demerits. Sometimes the job nature has a say in which work pattern fits you. Many people make a combination of working from home and at office, which helps to solve the dilemma. In a nutshell, working from home has both advantages and disadvantages, and the key always lies in how to make the best use of it.2013年八级作文题目WRITING (45 MIN)Is our society hostile to good people? According to a recent survey by China Youth Daily, 76.1 percent of the respondents say that our current society provides a “bad environment” for good people doing good thin gs. On the other hand, the more optimistic would argue that each individual should try his or her best to do good things and be nice to others, instead of waiting for the “social environment” to improve. So, what do you think? Is a sound social environment necessary for people to have high moral standards and be good to others?Write an essay of about 400 words on the following topic:Is a sound social environment necessary for people to be good to others?In the first part of your essay you should state clearly your main argument, and in the second part you should support your argument with appropriate details. In the last you should bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or make a summary. Marks will be awarded for content, organization, language and appropriateness. Failure to follow the above instruction may result in a loss of marks.Write your essay on ANSWER SHEET FOUR.[范文]Recently the issue of providing a sound social environment for people to be good to others has been bought into focus among the general public. Depending on personal experience, personal type and emotional concern, some people hold the idea that ourcu rrent society provides a “bad environment” for good people doing good things, and it is surely that a sound social environment is necessary, while others prefer to the view that each individual should try his or her best to do good things and be nice to ot hers instead of waiting for the “social environment” to improve. In my opinion, I think it is important to provide a sound social environment for people to be good to others. There are many reasons explaining this case. As for me, I consider the following as the typical ones.First of all, with the rapid growth of the society, the gap between good and bad has become increasingly important in our daily life. Many people need other‟s help deeply. They are vulnerable groups just as the olds. But in nowadays, many social problems have affected the consciousness of helping each other or being good to others. Why? For example, one day, on a young man‟s way home, he saw an old woman falling onto the ground; he went over to help her instantly. You know what? Just because his kindness, he had put him into a desperate trouble. The old woman insisted that it was the young man who had knocked her down. Of course it is not a happy ending. Things like this often happened in our society. Maybe there are many people want ing to be good to others, but the world is just not so good to them. What‟s worse, sometimes they even have to pay for their kindness just like the young man above.Apart from this, another aspect is that in modern society, more and more people live alone in tall buildings now. And this is usually the case that makes people ignore the friendship between neighbors. Those people who lives in these buildings usually go to work in the morning and back home at night. They often live in their own world. This phenomenon resulted in the degrading of the consciousness of helping each other, not to speak of being good to others.Furthermore, People have to pay more time and attention to their own lives now because completions in our society have grown stronger and stronger. And they probably will claim that they have no time or energy when it comes to lending a helping hand to others.To sum up, there is nothing useful for us to complain or blame others; the most important thing is that we should call the world to provide us a healthy environment. And of course it is necessary for the government and related organizations to improve the social environment for people to be good to others.2012年八级作文题目WRITING (45 MIN)A recent survey of 2,000 college students asked about their attitudes towards phone calls and text-messaging (also known as Short Service) and found the students‟ main goal was to pass along information in as little time, with as little small talk, as possible. “What they like most about their mobile devices is that they can reach other people,” says Naomi Baron, a professor of linguistics at American University in Washington, D.C., who conducted the survey. “What they like least is that other people can reach them.” How far do you agree with Professor Baron? In this first part of your essay you should state clearly your main argument, and in the second part you should support your argument with appropriate details. In the last part you should bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or make a summary. You should supply an appropriate title for your essay. Marks will be awarded for content, organization, language and appropriateness. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks.Write your essay on ANSWER SHEET FOUR.[范文]“We have in our mortal hand a power to destroy poverty and all forms of human life.” John F. Kennedy said in his Inaugural Address some 50 years ago. Indeed, science and technology has always been a mixed blessing. The same is true of cell phones, one of spectacular gadgets ever invented by humans in the past perhaps 100 years or so. Cell phones have two ambivalent faces, mostly benevolent, lovely and grim, even macabre sometimes. That is exactly what Naomi Baron, a professor of linguistics at American University in Washington, D.C. described, when he said,“What people like most about their mobile devices is that they can reach other people. What they like least is that other people can reach them.” Professor Baron‟s conclusion cannot be too true.While mobile devices today are facilitating our life in ways unimagined, they pose problems, too. One of these is that our private life can be encroached at any time and place. For example, suppose one is taking hard-earned holidays at a seaside resort when he receives a call from his boss, who told him that something goes wrong with his work or his client runs into trouble. All of a sudden, his pleasure is totally spoiled. At this moment, modern devices of communications show their gloomy and ghastly face. Blockage to such calls can be hardly possible unless you have decided to leave your present job for good.The second quandary brought about by the mobiles and the Internet is that people are cut off from contract with one another. This is a paradox. This happens most often in the world of business. With the help of these gadgets, many people stay home on workdays. At the click of their fingers, they can receive and send their work on the Net or cell phones. With a mobile, even their salaries can be automatically credited to their accounts. Few people nowadays stand in line receiving their paychecks. They don‟t have to see people in person to do all these and other things. Economical and convenient as it is, people are more isolated from each other.Regrettably, the gloomy paradoxical aspect of mobiles goes beyond the field of our work. It also happens in our almost every facet of life. Music used to be a very good social event. But now, most people build a wall of music around them by listening to on-line music or songs downloaded and saved in their cell phones. Watching a film also becomes a detached process. Modern phones are almost almighty, with which they can enjoy the latest box hits in the isolation of the living room. They don‟t have to go out, let alone j oining with friends. Communications in person are saved when, with omnipotent …i-phone‟, students can learn a lot of subjects alone instead of discussing problems with their classmates, friends and brothers and sisters and parents. They even don‟t have to go classes to acquire all these thingswhere rich human communication can occur.“Every coin has two sides” is an old cliché. But it applies ideally to the case of cell phone today. Cell phones, on the one hand, render our life more convenient and enrich our treasure trove of existence. At the same time, however, they stymie our life. They encroach our privacy and meanwhile, make us reluctant to partake the rich real social life.2011年八级作文题目According to a recent newspaper report, many famous sites of historical interest in China have begun or are considering charging tourists higher entry fees during peek travel seasons. This has aroused a lot of public attention and also public debate. What is your opinion? Should famous Chinese sites of historical interest charge higher fees during peek travel seasons? Write an essay of about 400 words.In the first part of your essay you should state clearly your main argument, and in the second part you should support your argument with appropriate details. In the last part you should bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or make a summary. You should supply an appropriate title for your essay.Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriateness. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks.[范文]We have witnessed many reports both in newspapers and on the Internet that quite a few number of famous historic sites and natural resorts are considering charging tourists higher entry fees during peak travel seasons. Many experts and managers of these sites all believe that charging higher entry fees will lead tourists to travel less in peak seasons and come more often in other time. According to them, higher fees serve as a tool to balance the number of people visiting these famous resorts, as well as a source of fund that can provide for the protection of historic resorts. In addition, higher entry fees will also create profits for these historic sites. However, I strongly believe that higher entry fees in peak travel seasons areunreasonable and unfair, and thus should not be adopted.Primarily, tourists who aim at visiting a historic site will not be deterred by the relatively higher entry fees. In this sense, the goal of balancing the number of visitors cannot be achieved with higher fees. For example, tourists who come to Beijing all consider the Palace Museum, the Great Wall, and the Summer Palace as their must in travelling. They would come to these historic resorts no matter what the entry fees are. In addition, many tourists may have leisure time only during the peak season. Hence, they are forced to pay higher fees whereas the total number of visitors does not come down at all.Moreover, higher entry fees should not be considered as an option for protection of the historic sites. As is known to all, world-renowned historic resorts are all protected and maintained by local government. It is the government‟s duty to protect and provide funds for the historic sites and the relative maintenance. Funds for the protection of historic sites should come from taxes, not from the visitors. Therefore, to say that higher entry fees can provide funds for the protection of historic sites is unfair for the visitors.Finally, higher entry fees during peak travel seasons harm the right of the relatively poorer people who wish to travel during that time. To set the entry fees higher in peak travel seasons means that only those who can afford the tickets can have the right to visit those historic resorts. However, everyone is entitled the same right to enjoy the historic sites. There is no reason that these poorer people cannot visit these resorts as others do in peak travel seasons.In conclusion, higher entry fee cannot help balancing the number of visitors during peak travel seasons. It is also unfair for the visitors and harms the right of the relatively poorer people. Viewed in this light, charging visitors with higher entry fees during peak travel seasons is unreasonable, unfair and unjustified at best.2010 年八级作文题目Part Ⅵ Writing (45 min)Recently newspapers have reported that officials in a little-known mountainous area near Guiyang, Guizhou Province wanted to turn the area into a “central busines s district” for Guiyang and invited a foreign design company to give it an entirely new look. The design company came up with a blueprint for unconventional, super-futuristic buildings. This has triggered off different responses. Some appreciate of the bold innovation of the design, but others held that it failed to reflect regional characteristics or local cultural heritage. What is your view on this? Write an essay of about 400 words.[范文]No one can have failed to notice the fact that Chinese culture has become increasingly diversified in the past decades. This can be embodied by evidences in many fields, one of which is architecture. Recently newspapers have reported that officials in a little-known mountainous area near Guiyang, Guizhou Province wanted to turn the area into a “central business district” for Guiyang and invited a foreign design company to give it an entirely new look. The design company came up with a blueprint for unconventional, super-futuristic buildings. This has aroused a heated debate. Some approve of the bold innovation of the design while others claimed that it failed to reflect regional characteristics or local cultural heritage. When asked of my opinion, I am inclined to agree with the former one, and I base my point of view on the following reasons.In the first place, an unconventional or exotic design is in accordance with the primary function of this area. As we are told, this lot of land is meant to be a “central business district”. As the name indicates, this area is intended for business, most possibly international business, which is imaginable in the context of the nation‟s move of reform and opening-up to the outside world. Such being the case, an innovative and super-futuristic design of the areas is quite understandable, for it may demonstrate local people‟s wish to embrace and integrate with other cultures aroundthe world. More foreign investors might be attracted here, which is just the aim of this program.In the second place, allowing space for novel things is essential for the development of an area. The concept of ancient and modern or that of local and alien is relative. What seems ancient now used to be modern centuries ago; similarly, what looks exotic today might be deemed natural tomorrow. A person needs to accept new knowledge to grow and the same is true with an area or a country. While new things often meet with objections at first, they are mostly accepted and loved later. A number of examples can be listed, with the most striking ones being the art museum in Paris designed by Bei Luming, a Chinese architect, and the Opera House in Sydney, whose designer only received due respect years after his death.Admittedly, we should respect and treasure traditional and regional culture, inherit it and carry it on. However, preserving the old and traditional should not be the reason to refuse the new and modern.Bringing what has been discussed into conclusion, we may claim that it is understandable and acceptable for people in the above-mentioned area to adopt the foreign design.2009 年八级作文题目Part Ⅵ Writing (45 min)Mandarin, or putonghua, is the standard service sector language in our country. But recently, employees at a big city's subway station have been busy learning dialects of other parts of the country. Proponents say that using dialects in the subway is a way to provide better service. But opponents think that encouraging the use of dialects in public counters the national policy to promote putonghua. What is your opinion? Write an essay of about 400 words on the following topic: Are dialects just as acceptable in public places?[范文]Dialects Are Acceptable in Public PlacesAs is well known, mandarin, or Putonghua, is the standard service sector language in China. Lately，however, some employees of a metropolitan subway company start using dialects to cater to the needs of people from different areas. This act gave rise to a heated debate around the country. Advocates deem it as an effort to render better service while opponents see the countering effects of such a movement to the national policy of promoting Putonghua across China.When asked of my opinion, I truly find it difficult to offer because I am not adequately informed of the way those employees of the subway company use the dialects. If they just learn dialects in an effort to understand customers better, while insisting speaking Mandarin at the same time, I believe it is absolutely acceptable. However, if they voluntarily talk to customers in dialects, I believe it is unnecessary and really goes against the national policy of promoting Putonghua around the country. Basically, I believe, the former is the case. So, it can be said that I am of the opinion that dialects should be tolerated in public places.Truly, mandarin, which means "common language", is the country's predominant language and is widely used in China, but dialects still enjoy popularity in most parts of the country. Except for some residents in metropolises like Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou, people in most parts of the country communicate in dialectical Chinese in their daily life. For those less educated people in underdeveloped areas, their dialect is their only language. If it were forbidden in public places, they could not communicate at all.Of course, we should promote the use of Putonghua in public places, but we should understand that it takes time. We cannot expect that everyone in the countryside automatically has the ability to speak Putonghua when he or she steps into the big city. They need a process of learning, while subway or bus stations are usually their first class to learn Putonghua. As primary students, they should be allowed the chance to learn step by step. While trying to communicate in Putonghuawith customers, workers in service sectors should first learn to understand their customers. So it is nothing to blame for them to learn some daily expressions in various dialects.Therefore, it can be said that the opponents of the practice mentioned above are just making a fuss. And, most possibly, they failed to realize the fact that subway companies are just service sectors, whose primary task is to provide service instead of promoting a language.2008 年八级作文题目Part Ⅵ Writing (45 min)In a few months‟ time you are going to graduate from university. How do you think your college years have prepared you for your future life? Write an essay of about 400 words on the following topic: What I have learned from my years at university[范文]What I have learned from my years at university As my college life is drawing to an end, it is about time to raise the question “what have I learned from my years at university？”.To be frank, I did not learn too much.First, as to my professional knowledge, I just followed the flow of curriculum, neither lagged behind nor excelling in the class. I only find myself better in English than in high school or than most of those non-English-majors. I can speak English, but not very fluently; I can write in English, but just some easy articles; I can understand most of the materials in the textbooks, but not very professional or colloquial expressions; I can read in English, but often need to look up words in dictionaries.Secondly, I did not improve myself a lot in other qualities, such as leadership, team-spirit or communicative skills. The only society I joined was a so-called “Broadcast Art League”, in which I worked for only half a year. The only one substantial working experience was interviewing a first-prize winner in a singingcontest on campus. The unreasonable pride of the singer offended me and discouraged me from working on.Nor did I acquire any other abilities. I cannot work on computer skillfully. I learned nothing mor e than English and my second foreign language Japanese. I didn‟t win any prize except one to encourage students who have made progress in their study---I once promoted my position in the class from beyond 20 to within 10.So, you may say I am one of those idlers in college and may despise me. But my performance is justifiable.About four years ago, an excellent high school graduate with a fairly high score in the national exams for college admission missed his target in college enrollment. He was denied the chance to enter his first-choice university and was even deprived of the chance to study his first-choice major. He was allocated to his present university to study English, which even did not happen in his dream. Coming from a poor rural family, he had neither the vision nor the power to change his fate. That student is me.Therefore, I may conclude that the greatest harvest in my years in college is depression. But I do not deem it a totally negative thing. Actually, it is a kind of pressure and will transform into motivation in the future. The day I am freed from the present cage, I will utilize my freedom and choose a profession I truly like and make up for all the time I have idled away in college.Behind all this is a lesson I learned from my life in college, that is, however grave a setback one meets, he should not sigh over it for too long. Instead, he should collect himself in time and find out all advantages around him or find a new target and head for it with all his strength.2007 年八级作文题目Part Ⅵ Writing (45 min)Some people think that financial disparity affects friendship. What do you think? Write an essay of about 400 words.[范文]Money and FriendshipSome people think that financial disparity affects friendship. They may believe that there can be no friendship between the rich and the poor. Their major evidence might be that a rich person and a poor one have different life styles and different tastes for things. At first sight, this argument seems reasonable. However, a careful inspection at it reveals how flimsy it is. In its true sense, friend is not grounded on money.First, let‟s see what true friendship is. True friendship involves recognition or familiarity with another's personality. Friends often share likes and dislikes, interests, pursuits, and passion. True friendship also involves a shared sense of caring and concern, a desire to see one another grow and develop, and a hope for each other to succeed in all aspects of life. Besides, true friendship involves action: doing something for someone else while expecting nothing in return; sharing thoughts and feelings without fear of judgment or negative criticism. Last but not least, true friendship demands mutual trust and respect. All these attributes have little or nothing to do with money.Actually, we can find numerous examples of friendship immune to financial disparity. That between Carl Marx and Friedrich Engels is a case in point. Though differing a lot in financial statuses, they formed firm friendship during their common pursuit of communism. While Marx was leading a miserable life due to lack of money, it was Engels who gave him a hand. It was common belief and ideal that bound them together. An equally convincing example is the friendship among the numerous revolutionaries in China before the liberation of the country. Though they came from different families and financial backgrounds, they became constant friends and comrades during the figh t for the nation‟s independence and freedom.Truly, it often occurs that two friends break up because of changes in their financial status. When one of them suddenly makes a fortune or gets a promotion, he or she may cut off traffic with his or her former friend. The same thing might happenwhen one of them suddenly falls upon dark days. Such people, however, can not be called friends in its true sense.To sum up, financial disparity does not necessarily affect friendship; much less can it affect true friendship. True friendship can stand the test of time and adversity.2006年八级作文题目Part Ⅵ Writing (45 min)Joseph Epstein, a famous American writer, once said, “we decide what is important and what is trivial in life we decide that what makes us significant is either what we do or what we refuse to do but no matter how indifferent the universe may be to our choices and decisions, these choices and decisions are ours to make. We decide. We choose. And as we decide and choose, so are our lives formed. In the end, forming our own destiny is what ambition is about.” Do you agree or d isagree with him? Write an essay of about 400 words entitled: Ambition[范文]AmbitionWhat is ambition? Answers to this question may differ from person to person. Joseph Epstein, a famous American writer, gave his reply as he said, “We decide what is important and what is trivial in life. We decide (so) that what makes us significant is either what we do or what we refuse to do. No matter how indifferent the universe may be to our choices and decisions, these choices and decisions are ours to make. … In the end, forming our own destiny is what ambition is about.” I totally agree with Epstein.Life is a series of choices and decisions. Of course, you cannot choose your parents, your color, your race or your nationality. Nor can you decide the brand of diaper you use while you are a baby, or the kindergarten you go to as a kid. They are choices and decisions of your parents. But as you grow up, you begin to make your own decisions. You choose the brand and style of your shoes, you choose the girl or the boy you date with, you choose the cat or the lizard you keep as a pet and you。
考研英语2014真题作文
考研英语2014真题作文2014年考研英语作文题目为，The Importance of Confidence （自信的重要性）。
范文参考如下：The Importance of Confidence。
Confidence is an important quality that can help people achieve success in various aspects of their lives. It is the belief in oneself and one's abilities, and it plays a crucial role in determining one's level of success and fulfillment. In this essay, I will discuss the importance of confidence and how it can impact an individual's life.First and foremost, confidence is essential for achieving success in one's career. When a person is confident in their abilities and skills, they are more likely to take on new challenges and pursue their goals with determination. This can lead to greater careeradvancement and opportunities for growth. In addition, confident individuals are more likely to take risks and seize opportunities that come their way, which canultimately lead to greater success in their professional lives.Furthermore, confidence is also important for building strong and healthy relationships. When a person isconfident in themselves, they are more likely to beassertive and communicate effectively with others. This can lead to better interpersonal relationships and a greater sense of connection with others. Additionally, confidence can also help individuals set boundaries and stand up for themselves when necessary, which is essential for maintaining healthy and fulfilling relationships.In addition to its impact on career and relationships, confidence is also important for one's overall well-being and mental health. When a person is confident in themselves, they are more likely to have a positive outlook on life and be resilient in the face of challenges. This can lead to greater emotional well-being and a greater sense offulfillment in life. Additionally, confidence can also help individuals cope with stress and anxiety, as they are more likely to believe in their ability to overcome difficulties and persevere in the face of adversity.In conclusion, confidence is an important quality that can impact various aspects of an individual's life. It is essential for achieving success in one's career, building strong and healthy relationships, and maintaining overall well-being and mental health. Therefore, it is importantfor individuals to cultivate and nurture their confidencein order to live a fulfilling and successful life.仿写如下：The Importance of Confidence。
2014英语专八考试写作范文：ACurseoraBlessing
2014英语专八考试写作范文：ACurseoraBlessingWith the number of mobile phone users increasing, the short message has become a common means of communication. Some people take it for granted that it is a blessing, while others argue that it is a curse. Write a composition of about 400 words to state your view.The Short Message: a Curse or a Blessing?As we all know, angels and devils are two poles apart, but the short messagecombines them perfectly. Some people take it for granted that it is a blessing, while others argue that it is a curse. As I see it, there is an element of truth in both views.On the one hand, no one can deny the fact that the short messagebrings about many benefits. First, it is a more economical and convenient way of communication compared with phoning. Chatting by means of short message, one need not worry about disturbing others, especially when having a meeting or class. Nor need he or she trouble himself or herself with the high fees when communicating with a friend in another city or country.Another merit of the short messageis that it is somewhat like a short letter. What one feels necessary but embarrassing to say on phone can be written down and sent in the form of a short message.For instance, through short messages, one can make apologies to his girlfriend, submit a letter of resignation to his boss or urge payment of debt from his st but not least, one can subscribe to mobile papers and learn about the world by means of short message.However, on the other hand, it is never without drawbacks. To begin with, many unwanted and useless messages may waste people’s time or even disturb people. We expected somemessages were vital, but they turned out to be rubbish.In addition, the appearance of short messages also arouses people’s concern for their privacy. To be exact, people may fear that their privacy is invaded.To add to the undesirability of the short message, it has been frequently used by some to cheat people out of their money. There may be few who haven’t received the message “Please remit the money into this account……”In the final analysis, I should admit honestly that I cannot give a yes-no answer to this question. Actually, the short messageshould be viewed as a two-edged sword, which presents both conveniences and troubles. But we should not give up eating for fear of choking. The best policy, as I see it, is to maximize its advantages and eliminate its unhealthy influence. Or in other words, we should further develop the short messageand exert more supervision on its use so that it can serve us in a better way.With the largest population in the world, many Chinese cities are crowded. So some people suggest that pets should not be allowed for the well being of humans. But others insist that pets are the best friends of human beings and that they cannot live without their animal friends. Write a composition of about 400 words to state your view.。
2014专八英语作文
2014专八英语作文英文回答：In the face of rapid technological advancements and globalization, the world is experiencing an unprecedented level of interconnectedness. This has given rise to a myriad of challenges and opportunities, testing our ability to navigate this complex landscape effectively. As individuals and as a society, we need to critically assess our role in fostering global cooperation and progress while addressing the ethical implications of our actions.One of the most pressing challenges posed by globalization is the increasing interconnectedness of people and economies. While this has facilitated greater collaboration and exchange of ideas, it has also amplified the impact of local events on a global scale. The COVID-19 pandemic is a stark example of how a local outbreak can rapidly evolve into a global crisis, disrupting economies, straining healthcare systems, and exacerbating socialinequalities. Such events underscore the need for enhanced international cooperation, coordination, and resource-sharing to mitigate the negative effects of globalization and ensure equitable outcomes.Another challenge that accompanies globalization is the rapid advancement of technology. The proliferation of digital technologies, artificial intelligence, and automation has transformed the way we live, work, and interact with the world around us. While these advancements offer immense potential for progress and innovation, they also raise important ethical questions. For instance, the use of artificial intelligence in decision-making algorithms could lead to biases and discrimination, while the widespread adoption of social media platforms has raised concerns about privacy violations and the spread of misinformation. It is crucial that we approach these technological developments with a critical eye, ensuring that they are used for the benefit of humanity and in a way that aligns with our shared ethical values.In navigating the complexities of globalization, it isessential that we foster a spirit of unity and collaboration. By recognizing our shared humanity and the interconnectedness of our fates, we can work together to address global challenges and promote peace, prosperity, and sustainable development. This requires a commitment to dialogue, diplomacy, and mutual respect, as well as a willingness to learn from different perspectives and cultures. By embracing diversity and inclusivity, we can create a more just and equitable world for all.中文回答：全球化，机遇与挑战并存。
2014年专业英语八级写作分类专项试题(一)
专业英语八级写作分类专项试题(一)一、Writing（本大题5小题．每题20.0分，共100.0分。
）第1题 College students are being encouraged to do volunteer work in western China. Is it really worthwhile to spend a year or two volunteering in an, underdeveloped region? Write an essay of about 400 words to state your view.In the first part of your essay you should state clearly your main argument, and in the second part you should support your argument with appropriate details. In the lost part you should bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or make a summary.You should supply an appropriate title for your essay.Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriateness. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks.【正确答案】：答案:范文呈现Volunteer Your TimeFaced with the question whether it is worthwhile to spend a year or two volunteering in western China, many college students would probably shake their heads, seeing it as a waste of valuable learning time. However, I will give an affirmative answer without hesitation, because this experience can apparently benefit us in many ways.First, it is a great opportunity for us to apply the knowledge we have acquired at college. Different from temporary part-time jobs, a longer volunteer work experience is truly fulfilling and rewarding. As English majors, we call learn to use and teach the language effectively in real classes; as education majors, we can experiment with those textbook theories in helping manage a school or instruct the younger; those who study engineering can take this chance to turn their ideas and skills into running machines, new bridges and broad roads. Front this experience, we will better understand our schoolwork and even build up considerable expertise in our chosen fields.Second, we can gain a great sense of satisfaction by making contributions in an underdeveloped region. Right now, the western China is suffering from both the shortage of resources and that of talents in its course of development, ff we can step into the needed roles by simply sacrificing a year or two, we will be able to make some difference to the situation as a whole. Imagine how proud you will be when telling your family and friends how you have taught the illiterate to read, and how you have helped to change the look of a backward town. Compared with the great sense ofpride you feel, a year's time is just a small price to pay.Third, we can establish a deep friendship with the local people. On the one hand, if you truly love and help the people you work with, they naturally love and help you back. Take a senior l know for example, who served two months as a teacher in a dry northwestern town. During the period of water shortage, both his students and their parents voluntarily kept water for him, sometimes despite their own need. Recalling his days there, he said they were not easy but he could not help missing them. Probably many volunteers would feel the same as him. While we are giving care, support and help, we often get back more including a lasting friendship.Therefore, I will readily sign up to volunteer in the western China despite various challenges I may meet. Think of the differences we can make there and the changers this experience can make to us, why not walk out of the ivory, tower and step onto the promising land of our country?第2题 Nowadays, network games are popular among college students. Many play network games in their spare time for relaxation. There are also many who are so obsessed with network games that they play truant, and others even commit crimes for one reason or another, What do you think of network games? Write an essay of about 400 words on the following topic:Should Network Games Be Banned in College?In the first part of your essay you should state clearly your main argument, and in the second part you should support your argument with appropriate details, In the last part you should bring what you hove written to a natural conclusion or make n summary.Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriateness. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks.【正确答案】：答案:范文呈现Should Network Games Be Banned in College?It is a prevailing practice that university students play network games in their spare time for relaxation. Some teachers and parents hold the negative opinion that many students are so obsessed with network games that they play truant, and others even commit crimes for one reason or another. Others don't agree. As far as I am concerned, the critical point is whether the students can keep a balance between study and games. Some thought that playing network games will cost a lot of time and energy ,which should otherwise be devoted to their academic study. After all, time is limited for college students and it's the most fundamental duty for them to study anti lay a solid foundation in knowledge. And the。
英语专八14年作文
英语专八14年作文In recent years, the issue of environmental protection has become increasingly prominent. People are becoming more aware of the importance of protecting the environment and are taking actions to reduce pollution and conserve natural resources. However, there are still challenges that need to be addressed in order to achieve sustainable development.One of the major challenges facing environmental protection is the increasing levels of air pollution. With the rapid industrialization and urbanization, the emission of pollutants such as carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide, and nitrogen oxides has been on the rise, leading to serious health problems and environmental degradation. In order to combat air pollution, it is essential to promote clean energy sources and reduce the use of fossil fuels. Governments need to implement stricter regulations on emissions and invest in renewable energy technologies to reduce the reliance on coal and oil.Another challenge is the issue of water pollution. Many rivers and lakes around the world are contaminated with industrial waste, agricultural runoff, and untreated sewage, posing a threat to aquatic ecosystems and human health. To address this issue, it is important to improve wastewater treatment facilities, promote sustainable agricultural practices, and raise public awareness about the importanceof clean water. Governments should also enforce stricter regulations on water quality and hold polluters accountable for their actions.Furthermore, deforestation and habitat destruction are major threats to biodiversity and ecosystem stability. The clearing of forests for agriculture, logging, and urban development has led to the loss of valuable habitats for wildlife and contributed to climate change. To protect biodiversity, it is crucial to establish protected areas, promote sustainable forestry practices, and support reforestation efforts. Governments, businesses, and individuals all have a role to play in preserving theworld's forests and safeguarding the diversity of life on Earth.In conclusion, environmental protection is a complex and multifaceted issue that requires collective action at the local, national, and global levels. By addressing the challenges of air and water pollution, deforestation, and habitat destruction, we can create a more sustainablefuture for generations to come. It is up to each and every one of us to take responsibility for our actions and make a positive impact on the environment. Only through cooperation and commitment can we ensure a healthy planet for all living beings.。
2014专八英语作文
2014专八英语作文Title: The Evolution of Digital Communication and Its Impact on Modern Society.In the twenty-first century, the world has witnessed a revolutionary shift in the way we communicate. The advent of digital communication has profoundly altered the landscape of human interaction, evolving it from mere conveyance of information to a dynamic and interactive medium of expression. This essay delves into the evolution of digital communication, its impact on modern society, and the challenges and opportunities it presents.The evolution of digital communication can be traced back to the early decades of the twentieth century, with the development of technologies such as the telegraph and the telephone. These early forms of digital communication allowed for the transmission of messages over long distances, revolutionizing the way people stayed connected. However, it was the advent of the internet in the 1990sthat truly ushered in the era of digital communication.The internet has transformed the way we interact with each other and access information. It has provided a platform for global communication, allowing people from different cultures and backgrounds to connect and exchange ideas. Social media platforms, in particular, have played a pivotal role in this transformation. These platforms have billions of users worldwide, enabling instantaneous sharing of thoughts, experiences, and opinions.The impact of digital communication on modern societyis immense. It has revolutionized the way we consume news and information, with digital media outlets providing real-time updates and analysis. It has also transformed the way we learn, with online courses and virtual classrooms becoming increasingly popular. Furthermore, digital communication has enabled the rise of remote work, allowing individuals to work from anywhere in the world, providing greater flexibility and opportunities.However, the rise of digital communication has alsopresented challenges and opportunities. One of the main challenges is the issue of privacy and security. With so much personal information being shared online, the risk of privacy breaches and cyberattacks has increased. This has led to a growing need for stronger privacy laws andsecurity measures to protect users' data.Another challenge is the issue of misinformation and fake news. The ease with which information can be shared online has led to a proliferation of false and misleading content. This has the potential to misinform the public, leading to negative consequences for society. It is crucial that individuals and institutions alike are equipped with the ability to critically analyze and verify information they encounter online.Despite these challenges, the opportunities presented by digital communication are vast. It has enabled the emergence of new businesses and industries, such as e-commerce, digital marketing, and data analytics. These industries have created millions of jobs and contributed significantly to economic growth.Moreover, digital communication has provided a platform for social change. It has allowed individuals and groups to organize and mobilize, amplifying their voices and messages. This has led to important social movements and campaignsthat have brought about positive change in areas such as gender equality, environmental protection, and human rights.In conclusion, the evolution of digital communication has profoundly transformed modern society. It has presented us with new opportunities and challenges, requiring us to adapt and evolve alongside it. As we move forward, it is crucial that we harness the power of digital communication responsibly, ensuring that it serves the greater good of society.。
2014年专八写作真题及参考范文
2014年专八写作真题及参考范文PARTVI WRITING (45 MIN)Nowadays, some companies have work-from-home or remote working policies, which means that their employees do not have to commute to work every day. Some people think that this can save a lot of time travelling to and from work, thus raising employees’ productivity. However, others argue that in the workplace, people can communicate face to face, which vastly increases the efficiency of coordination and cooperation. What is your opinion?Write an essay of about 400 words on the following topic：My Views on Working from HomeIn the first part of your essay you should state clearly your main argument, and in the second part you should support your argument with appropriate details．In the last part you should bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or make a summary．Marks will be awarded for content, organization，language and appropriateness．Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks．Write your essay on ANSWER SHEET FOUR．参考范文（一）Telecommuting: an Inevitable TrendThere is no denying the fact that the past years have witnessed an increasing number of people working from home, with some employers encouraging this practice. However, there exist opposing views on this phenomenon, with proponents claiming that it saves time and increases productivity, while opponents arguing that it lacks face-to-face communication and thus affects coordination. Personally, I believe that there is truth in both opinions. Therefore, this new style of working suits more jobs that demand less face-to-face communication. However, with the popularization of the Internet and its increasingly mighty function, working from home, or telecommuting, will definitely become an inevitable and irreversible trend.Firstly, the advantages of telecommuting go far beyond saving time spent on travelling to and from the workplace. It provides a worker with an unimaginable degree of freedom and comfort. One can nearly arrange everything related to work according to his or her will. He can get up and go to bed at any time he wishes, as long as he fulfills his daily task. Furthermore, he does not have to worry about his appearances or dressing. This is especially convenient to female workers. Besides, one can choose to work out during the break at time he deems proper. Plus, he can enjoy cooking at home and have his favorite food, instead of putting up with the monotonous cuisine in the collective dining hall or potentially hazardous food in restaurants.Secondly, communicating face to face is gradually losing its necessity in an increasing number of professions along with the strides made in online communication. This is true not only in such advanced industrialized countries as the U.S. and Japan, but also here in China. Suchonline communication tools as QQ, We Chat and micro blog provide people with not only verbal chat, but also voice chat and even video chat. One does not necessarily go out to see his colleagues or clients, for it can all be accomplished online. A case in point is the surging wave of online shopping. Another strong evidence is online education. Such virtual classrooms as YY and MOOC have rendered actual classrooms seem outdated and stupid.Undeniably, face-to-face communication cannot completely give way to virtual communication, especially at the starting stage of a community, or in such cases as individualized education and primary schooling. However, as a natural consequence of the development of science and technology, working from home represents the marching direction of advanced productivity. As a member of modern society, one should get himself or herself fully prepared for the challenge of such a new style of working.参考范文（二）Telecommuting: a Two-Edged SwordAngels and devils are two poles apart, but working from home, or telecommuting, seems to combine them perfectly. Along with the advances in computer and Internet technologies, the past years have witnessed an increasing number of people working from home, with some employers encouraging this practice. However, there exist opposing views on this phenomenon. Some people take it for granted that it is a blessing, while others argue that it is a curse. As I see it, there is an element of truth in both views, and one should make a careful choice according to his or her conditions.On the one hand, no one can deny the fact that working from home brings about numerous benefits, which go far beyond saving time spent on travelling to and from the workplace. It provides a worker with an unimaginable degree of freedom and comfort. One can nearly arrange everything related to work according to his or her will. He can get up and go to bed at any time he wishes, as long as he fulfills his daily task. Furthermore, he does not have to worry about his appearances or dressing. This is especially convenient to female workers. Besides, one can choose to work out during the break at time he deems proper. Plus, he can enjoy cooking at home and have his favorite food, instead of putting up with the monotonous cuisine in the collective dining hall or potentially hazardous food in restaurants.On the other hand, however, the above mentioned advantages of telecommuting may well turn out to be its demerits. While enjoying the freedom of time arrangement, one may find himself lack of discipline and regular hours, which might be a hazard to his physical fitness. In the same way, he or she may miss the opportunity to manifest his or her attractiveness to his or her colleagues or people on the way to and back from work while appreciating the time and money that otherwise would be spent on dressing and making up. Similarly, he or she may find it troublesome to cook and wash dishes. What is the most important, as mentioned in the directions, is that telecommuting cut into face-to-face communication and thus affects the efficiency of coordination. As can be easily perceived, face-to-face communication cannot completely give way to virtual communication, especially at the starting stage of a community, or in such cases as individualized education and primary schooling.In the final analysis, I should admit honestly that I cannot give a yes-no answer to the question whether telecommuting is a good thing or not. Actually, it should be viewed as atwo-edged sword, which presents both conveniences and troubles. The best policy, as I see it, is to make your own choice according to the nature of your work as well as your personality.。
2014年英语专八预测作文
1Human life can not continue without science and technology. For many ye ars, human society has developed with the advance of science and technology while the development of science and technology has in turn brought the proce ss to mankind. So the life we are living now is more civilized than that of ou r fore fathers. The development of science and technology have brought about many changes in people's life. For example, the invention of television and spa ce rocket have opened a new era for mankind. Through the use of TV people can hear the sound and learn the events happening thousands of miles away. Owing to the invention of spaceship and rocket, the dream of man's landing o n the moon has now come true.Science and technology also play an important role in our socialist construction. We may say, our socialist construction is ju st like a skyscraper, while science and technology are its base. Without the ba se, the skyscraper can't be built. Therefore, we should try our best to contribut e to the development of science and technology so as to provide a more solid base to build our country.2A person should never make an important decision alone, important decisi ons should be well thought out. People, who know you well, know what is be st for you, and close to you can give you good advice, give you a different p erspective, or share their own experience. When I had difficulty deciding whic h classes to take in collage, I talked to my teachers and advisors; they had th e knowledge and expertise to help me determine which classes were the best ones to take for my future career. Without their advice, I might have chosen un suitable courses.In collage, I had convinced myself that I was not good enough to act in the school play. Therefore, I decided not to audition even though drama had al ways been my passion. The day of the audition, a friend of mine asked me w hy I was not auditioning. When I told her I did not feel I was good enough, she was shocked. She was able to provide me with another perspective on my self and my talents. I rethought my decision and tried out....and got a lead in the play.Last year when I was trying to decide whether or not I should study over seas, I talked to my friend. This was the best thing I could have done. This was a big decision for me because I had never been overseas on my own and I was not sure if I could do it. She had studied overseas the precious year. She told me about the challenges and opportunities I might encounter and help ed me make the right decision. I went and it was amazing.Whenever I am faced with an important decision, I seek advice from oth ers so that I am well-informed and have the benefit of their perspective and e xperience3People have different views on what children should do at a very early age. S ome think that children should begin their formal education and start to spendmost of their time on studies. Others believe that it is still time for young chi ldren to play. Both views are based on respective ground.Those who argue for the playing time for children suggest that children at a very early age are still too young to focus their attention on learning. Their brain may not be ready for serious studies such as comprehension and memor izing learning materials. These people are partially right, for it is true that you ng children can hardly concentrate. Their attention on one thing lasts for no lo nger than 15 minutes or so. But we can arrange classes for shorter periods, ca n't we? And we can shift teaching subjects. Through putting them to study, yo ung children are occupied with learning but not with playing.Those who argue for children's early commencement for formal education believe that being put to studies, children can develop good habit of studying, for the process of learning helps develop children's mental abilities like the abi lity to memorize, the ability to understand and the ability to do simple calculat ion. Children's habit of studying and love for learning are of great importance to youngsters because these two things set up the sound foundation for their f uture studies.Having children start formal education at a very early age benefits young children much more than simply letting them play most of their time. A good habit needs a long time to develop to become a second nature. More importa ntly, it is better to develop a good habit before a bad one may grow. Similarl y, the love for learning should take toots for before the love for playing is est ablished.Living in university dormitories or apartments in the community?I think it is better for college students to live on campus during their first two years, and then move into an apartment for off-campus life, while juniors and seniors need the independence of off-campus life. Student’s needs change over four years, so their housing should too.Living on-campus makes it easier to get oriented to the way things are do ne. You get the whole university experience. Plus, you interact more with othe r students. This includes not only your roommates, but everyone in your dormi tory. The older students in the dormitory can be a big help for the new stude nts. Keeping up with studies in your first year is hard enough. You should not have to worry about finding your way around and figuring out the university bureaucracy.Living in the dormitory also makes a student feel more a part of the univ ersity community. There are more opportunities for becoming involved in unive rsity activities and networking with students and university administration.Living off-campus, however, is a definite advantage for older students. Fin ding an apartment, dealing with leases and the landlord's regulations, cooking meals, and figuring out budgets are all good practice for life after graduation. This kind of independence helps older students grow in adulthood.Off-campus housing also gives students a better perspective on what is goi ng on around them. Campus can be like little worlds of their own. There arefew children or older people and everyone is focused on education. Getting to know neighbors who are not students is good for students coming from differ ence places. It is a chance to find out what other people think and feel.I think a combination of two years on-campus and two years off-campus i s a winning combination for most students.。
专八作文范文(50篇)
专八作文范文Topic 1 Should Traditional Chinese Etiquette[n.礼仪,礼节] Be Taught in Class?Throughout most of China’s long history,the relationships between people were based oncarefully prescribed[decided by a rule]forms of behavior,that is, etiquette.Learning and following etiquette is so importantthat people are always judged by how closelythey follow these rules of behaviors.For those who do not follow those prescribed rules of conduct,they are regarded as uncivilized barbarians[野蛮人].However,as China has been increasingly entangled[involved in a situation that is difficult to escape from] in the global village,many Chinese people, especially the young,have lost some traditions because of the influences of Western cultures.According to a famous professor,the majority of Chinese college students have not hadsystematic training on traditional Chinese etiquette.As for me, traditional etiquette should betaught in class.Firstly, if college students can receivea systematic education in traditional etiquette in class,they can get more prepared for the future.As is known,college students usually have learnt some traditional etiquettethrough daily interaction with friends and relatives,but the process is time-consuming[耗时的].They have to be sensitive enough to observe other people’s behaviorsand then know what proper behaviors in different social situations are.Sometimes the learning process is by trial and error[试错法，反复试验].They can only form right behaviorsafter breaking the rules of conductand being corrected by the costly consequence.If they have already taken a systematic etiquette course in college,they can follow proper etiquette and have a more guaranteed[if something is guaranteed, you will definitely have it] future.Secondly, as these meticulous[过度重视细节的] rules of conduct have been formedthroughout Chinese history,they are unique Chinese characteristicsand are inseparable to Chinese culture.With the advent[the coming of an important event] of globalization,western culture is so influentialthat many young people often look to Western customsand etiquette as being fashionable.For example, nowadays most young women in Chinawould like to wear western-style white dresses and veils[面纱]at wedding while traditional Chinese weddings feature red gowns[女长服，长袍] for brides and white is an absolute taboo[禁忌]. In the long term,if the trend[趋向，时尚]to adopt western etiquette can not be curbed[(curb):抑制],the Chinese generations in the future will lose their cultural identity.Furthermore, the extinction of Chinese etiquettewill be to the detriment of[harming] the diversity of global culture.To some extent,the course can serve to arouse[唤醒]college students’ cultural prideand help to preserve[保存]and further develop Chinese culture.In conclusion,taking traditional Chinese etiquette in college will not onlymake graduates more prepared for their future,but also can constitute[=be, equal]an important measure[an action, a step] for college studentsto form Chinese cultural identityand therefore to preserve Chinese traditionand further develop it.Topic 2 Are Nowadays College GraduatesNot as Competent[有能力的] as Before?As an economic rule goes, when supply outweighs[(outweigh):v.(在重量、价值或重要性上)超过] demand,the price decreases[(decrease):v.减少].The same seems true for the current situation for college graduates.Since 1999,the central government has implemented[应用的]the Grand College Enrollment[n.登记,注册,入伍] Plan[n.&vt.计划,打算],with the total number of college graduateson the increase in the following years.But the boomed[(boom):.激增,繁荣,迅速发展] economy does not provide enough jobsfor those graduates coming out at a time.Therefore[ad.因此,所以],many people reason that college graduates are notas competent as beforefor many of them have difficulties in finding jobs.But I disagree with this conclusion.Firstly, admittedly[adv.不可否认地,诚然],there are some college graduates who are not competent,but these students can not represent all the students.Due[a.预期的;应给的] to the Grand College Enrollment Plan,more and more high school students have access[n.接近;通道,入口]to the higher education.Inevitably[ad.不可避免地], the standard has been lowered;otherwise, university can not admit so many applicants[(applicant):n.申请人].While those smart students in high schoolsare more likely to have excellent performance, other not-so-good students would have difficulties in college learning.As a result,those graduates with bad performance in college can notdemonstrate[vt.说明;论证;表露]the value of higher learning to the societyand hence[ad.因此,所以;今后]they gradually form the incompetent image of college graduates.Secondly,those who hold this negative opiniondo not take the social context[n.(事或人物等的)来龙去脉,背景] into consideration.As is known,in the period when China carried out planned economic policies,college graduates did not need toworry about their jobs,for “iron-bowls” waited for them after graduation.But after the reform of higher education,college graduates have to find jobs for themselves.When hundreds of thousands of graduates competefor a limited number of job vacancies[空缺额],there are inevitably many who can not procure[vt.获得,取得,促成] ideal jobs.Besides,employment[n.就业] is always influenced byglobal and national economy.When economy slows down,the corporate[n.公司的]world would not recruit[v.征募] as many employees as before.For example, in 2009, many college graduates,from both prestigious[adj.有声望的] universities and less-known universities,have difficulties in hunting jobs.In this sense,it is not college graduates that are incompetent,instead, it is the social context that is unfavorable[adj.否定的,不利的]to college graduates.As factors combine to lead to a result,one can not simply reach conclusions withouttaking various factors into account.Otherwise[ad.另外;在其他方面], one would make reductionist mistakes.In this case, those who think college students are notas competent as before have made this kind of mistake.They just attribute[v.把(某事)…归因于,认为是…结果]college graduates’ difficulties in finding jobs to their incompetence,without exploring the social and economic situations.Topic 3 Is It Meaningful[adj.有意义的]to Receive College Education[n.教育;教育学]?Given the fact that many college studentshave difficulties in finding jobs in the recent,thousands of high school students are reportedto refuse to take the National CollegeEntrance Examination[n.检查;考试].The news seems so convincing[(convince):vt.使确信,使信服] that many students,their parents,and the society reach the conclusionthat receiving college education is a waste of time and money.Undoubtedly[adv.毫无疑问地], these students can earn[vt.赚得,挣得;获得]some money working in big citiesor running their own business in the near future.However, I am of opinion that this view is myopic[a.近视的],which is to the detriment of personal developmentand China’s overall[n.工装裤 a.全面的]growth in the long term.Firstly, in terms of personal development,university is not a vocational[a.职业的] training center despite the factthat a university diploma[n.毕业文凭,毕业证书] indicates graduatesare more likely to find decent[adj.合适的] jobs. Instead, universityis a place for personal cultivation[n.培养] and improvement.In universities, students will learn to find their real interests,perfect their personality,and form right outlooks toward the world.Furthermore, students will learn to gather, analyze,and evaluate[v.评价,估计] informationso that they can resolve[vt.解决;决心 n.决心] problems in their lives.For those who are suspicious[adj.怀疑的]of the value of higher learning,to some extent,they can be regarded as plutolatry[财富崇拜,拜金主义].They worship[n.礼拜;崇拜 vt.崇拜] money and believethat money is everything in their lives.Secondly, in terms of national growth,the advancement of a nation[n.民族,国家] is characterizedby its greatness of high education.In this sense, universities are the centers of researchand academic exploration. Take theUnited[adj.统一的;联合的]States[(state):n.州;国家;政府] for instance.Among the top 100 universities in the world, the majority of them are located in the United States.The advancement of US high education is indicative[adj.表示的,暗示的] ofthe fact that those universities produce the most Nobel[n.诺贝尔]Prize laureates[(laureate):a.戴桂冠的,用月桂树造的,荣誉的]in comparison with other countries.American universities also turn out to be a magnet[n.磁铁,磁石,磁体]for most smart students around the world.Those universities contribute[v.导致]tremendous share to the US’ growththrough scientific and technological[a.技术的] support.In China,if the belief that receiving college education is a waste of timeand money can not be corrected in time,it is inevitable[a.不可避免的,必然的]that China can only reap[v.得到,获得(报酬、成果等);收割,收获] short-term[a.短期的] GDP growthbut will be deprived[(deprive):v.剥夺]ofopportunity tobecome a competitive[adj.竞争的,比赛的] international players in the long run,for the human resource will be drained[(drain):vt.排去;放水 n.耗竭] eventually[ad.终于;最后]. In sum,receiving college education will benefit both individual and the country.Indicative of the dire[adj.可怕的;悲惨的]job marketfor college graduates is not the uselessness of college education.Instead, college education means we should study harderto make a full preparation for the future.Topic 4 Can College Village Heads Plan Really Help?Due to the Grand College Enrollment Plan,the number of university graduateshas been on the increasesince the central government started implementing[实现] the plan.Though the plan helps improve our national quality,it creates pressure for the job markets.With so many college students coming out at a time,many graduates have difficulties in finding suitablejobs.In order to create more jobs,the government encourages college graduatesto work in villages of 28 provinces and regions[(region):n.地区,地带;领域] with a view that rural[a.农村的,田园的]administration will be strengthened[(strengthen):v.加强,巩固;变强,实力增强] at the same time.As a result,tens of thousands college graduates have been appointed[(appoint):vt.任命,委任;约定]as village officialsin the rural areas.It appears that this plan helps alleviate[v.减轻,缓解,缓和] the pressurecaused by graduate[n.毕业生 vi.大学毕业] employment,but I do not think the plan will work in the long run.Firstly,after serving as village officials in the rural areas for two years,the majority of those college village officials will start tolook for jobs in the job market again, aggravating[(aggravate):v.加剧,加重] the pressure of the job market.Some may argue that the number of those village officialswho enter the job market again is balancedby the number of new college graduateswho would be appointed as village officials.The truth is that while those students havespent two years in the rural areas,they do not gain enough experience in the corporate worldand are likely to forget what they have learnt in college.In this sense,they are not guaranteed tofind decent jobs again.Besides, when working in the rural areas,these students with higher degrees are respectedby village people, and are likely to get accustomed tofeeling superior[adj.优良的,较好的]to people around them. One can imaginethey would probably be frustrated when they work withthose who hold the same college degrees or even higher degrees.Secondly,when the supply of college graduates and the demandof our society are unbalanced[a.不平衡的],the imbalance[n.不平衡,不均衡]can be obtained by increasing available jobsor decreasing[(decrease):v.减少]the supply ofcollege graduates,which means the reduction[n.减少,降低]of college enrollment.Given the fact that the economy slows down in the recent,it is difficult to create more jobs.While offering good terms for graduates suchas well-paid salary and residential[adj.提供住宿的;居住的;住宅的]certificate[n.证书,证件,执照] guarantee[v.保证,担保],the government can create more jobs in the short term,but does not provide long-term[adj.长期的] remedy[n.治疗措施,补救办法].In this sense,the plan does not solve[vt.解答,解释,解决]the fundamental imbalancebetween the supply and the demand of college graduates.In sum,the plan to encourage college graduates to work in the rural areascan only provide a temporary[a.暂时的,临时的] remedy for the job market.I think the government shouldrecognize the fundamental imbalanceand find the way back to elite[a.杰出的 n.中坚分子] education.Topic 5 Should College Education Be V ocation-Oriented?Due to the increased enrollment of college students in recent years,the total number of graduates coming out at the same timeis such that many college graduates have difficultiesin procuring[(procure):vt.获得,取得,促成] jobs, especially when the economy is suffering slowdown[n.降低速度,减速].And then many scholars suggestthat colleges should lay emphasis on vocational trainingby setting relative courses in the college curriculum[n.课程]so that graduates are more likely to be employed. Taking the employers’ requirement[n.要求]into consideration,that is, working experience,the suggestion seems reasonable.However,I think, even if universities become vocation-oriented,it can not serve well for the employment. Besides,the vocational orientation[n.向东;定位;方向] will do harm to the higher education.Firstly,the suggestion seems to be based onthe fact that new college graduates may have learned mountains of theories but lack practical abilities.In accord with this suggestion,if college students have received enough vocational trainingand gained experience in internship[n.实习生身份],they are likely to get employed.Admittedly,self-improvement[n.自我改造]is crucial[adj.至关重要的] for new graduates to hunt jobs.But the suggestion does not take into account job vacancies in the present.Though China’s economy keeps growingat a rate of about 9% in the recentand the number of jobs does increase,too many graduates coming out at a timewill create great pressure for the job market.As an official stated,“the grand college enrollment plan isone of the main reasons for the current unemployment[n.失业,失业人数] i ssue”. Therefore,even if college students have enough experience and skills,will they succeed in procuring jobswhen there are no positions available at all?Secondly, vocational orientation is to the detriment of the higher learning in the long term.Let us begin with the difference in goals between university and vocational training.As college students may decide to finish his studies after graduation or may continue at a higher level, university courses should thus provideboth basic knowledge and a sound basis for further studies.In vocational training, the goals of a given course are distinct,that is, the course is designed to teach trainees[(trainee):n.拉受训练的人]basic knowledgeand skills. In consequence,if universities are vocation-oriented,students at college can not get prepared in classfor a higher level of learning. Predictably[ad.可预言地],the pyramid[n.金字塔]of higher learning will crumble[v.弄碎,崩毁]if universities can not produce enough qualified students.In conclusion,vocation-orientation may help improve graduates’ skillsbut it can not increase the number of available positions.The suggestion just offers a wrong remedy,and will do harm to the higher learning.Topic 6 On Following SuitAs people respond to incentives[(incentive):n.刺激,鼓励],they will change their behaviorsif they perceive[vt.察觉,发觉;理解] that costs or benefits change.This principle seems to find wide applicationin our daily lives. When college graduates learn that receiving a master degree will give theman upper hand in the job market,many decide to take part in post-graduate entrance examinations.In China, it is regarded as following suit.Though we admire those who pride themselveson sticking to their ideals and principles,odds may not be against those who follow suit. Generally[ad.一般地;通常地] speaking,there are both advantages and disadvantages of following suit.Firstly, following suit is indicative of the factthat followers have no indispensable[a.必不可少的,必需的] beliefsor fixed principlesand hence they are flexible[adj.能随机应变的,有灵活性的]in the vicissitudes[(vicissitude):n.变化,变迁,荣枯,盛衰] of lives.When the social context changes and opportunitiesarise[vi.出现;由…引起],those followers are the first to respond and make decisions.Take the English training service for example.In early 1990s,increasing number of college graduates decided to study overseasand hence English training service was in large demand.Given that forerunners[(forerunner):n.先驱;前兆] had make a fortuneby providing training programs to those graduates, many businessmen just followed suitand established several training schools. Undoubtedly, those who followed suitwhen the market did not reach saturation[n.饱和(状态);浸透] did make money.Secondly,it is noteworthy[a.值得注目的,显著的]that following suit can avoid making mistakes.For those forerunners,there is no previous[a.先的;前的ad.在前] information at their hand,and therefore,it will take a long time to learn and improve by trial and error.During the period of trial and error,forerunners will encounter[v.遇到 n.相见,相遇] unexpected difficulties and pressures.As a result,when those become successful in certain domains[(Domain):n.领土,领域],they have proved that the path will lead to success, providing both pros and cons[(con):n.反对的理由、论点或立场].On the contrary[a.相反的 n.相反],followers need not experience the process of trial and error.They can just imitate[vt.模仿,仿效;仿制]their forerunners’ proven pattern of behaviorsand have easier access to success.There are also some disadvantages of following suit.When there are so many followers,the world will become crowdedand odds are against those later followers. Furthermore, following suit prevents innovation[n.新方法,新办法,革新] and creation,which is to the detriment of our society. However, whether one should follow suit ornot is not simply a to-be-or-not-to-be question.A basic assumption[n.假定,设想]of individual person is that everyone is rational[a.理性的;出于理性的].So one should carefully calculate costsand benefits in specific circumstancesbefore they decide to follow suit or not.Topic 7 Should Chinese Language CourseBe Adopted[(adopt):v.采纳,采取]in College Curricula[n.课程]?The moment I saw the topic,a post originally submitted[(submit):vt.使服从 vi.服从]in Peking[n.北京]University BBS[布告栏系统] occurred to me.The post composed[(compose):vt.组成,构成;创作] of a conversationbetween a Chinese young man, the author,and a waiter coming from Japan.The author suffered frustrationwhen the waiter asked him about Chinese culture. Surprisingly[ad.令人惊讶地], the Japanese demonstrated[(demonstrate):vt.说明;论证;表露] thathe got command of more Chinese culturethan most Chinese young people.I do not know what your initial[a.最初的;词首的] response is supposingthat you were set in the circumstance.As a matter of fact,Chinese language course has drawn scant[adj.不足的,欠缺的] attentionamong college students,for many students lay their emphasis on English learning.I am of opinion thatChinese language course should be setin the category[n.种类,类别]of compulsory[a.必须做的] coursesin college curriculum.Firstly, it is high time for college studentsto re-learn Chinese language.For many Chinese students,they just learn Chinese languagefor examinations’ sake[n.缘故,理由]in elementary[a.基本的;初级的] schoolsand high schools.In other words,many learn Chinese language to get high scores instead of grasping[(grasp):vt.抓紧;掌握 n.抓] the essence[n.要素,实质] of Chinese culture.In fact, we can not measure one’s understanding of culture by how many scoreshe get in the examinations orhow many poems and essays he has memorized. What matters is whether one can figure outthe gist[n.要点,要旨,依据] and facilitate[vt.使便利,使(更)容易] his lifethrough what he gains from the learning.In college, students are not imposed[(impose):vt.把…强加;征(税)]as much pressure as in high schoolin learning Chinese language.Besides, they are more mature[a.成熟的 vt.使成熟] than in childhoodand have the ability to think critically.If they do not seize the chanceto re-learn the Chinese language,odds are that they can not inherit[vt.继承(传统等)] wisdomsof our ancestors[(ancestor):n.祖宗,祖先]and not get prepared for the future.Secondly,since western cultures are looming[(loom):v.赫然出现] large in Chinawith the advent of globalization,Chinese traditional culture seems to be endangered[(endanger):vt.危及].Many people, especially the youth,are interested in learning foreign language, English in particular, and their cultures.They prefer to watch American movies, Japanese cartoons, and listen to foreign music. While western cultural products are well received, the popularity[n.普及,流行] of the Chinese counterpart[n.与对方地位相当的人;与另一方作用相当物] is on the decrease[v.减少].When foreign cultures are so prevalent[adj.流行的,普遍的] in China,will our future generation figure out our Chinese cultural identity?As the basic manifestation[n.显示,证明,示威运动] of culture,Chinese language deserves[(deserve):v.应得] more attentionand better treatment.Chinese universities shouldtake the responsibilities to preserve and develop our traditional culture, Chinese language in particular.All in all,as traditional Chinese culture and wisdom manifest[vt.表明 a.明白的]themselves in Chinese language,adopting the course in the curricula willnot only educate college students,but also help preserve and develop Chinese culture. Topic 8 College Students’ Image[n.形象] Reconsidered[(reconsider):v.再考虑,重新考虑] Nowadays, college studentscomprised[(comprise):v.构成,组成]of the post-[adj.後]80 generation and the post-90 generationare always put in the storm of criticisms.To list a few of these criticisms,they are accused[(accuse):vt.指责;归咎于]of being spoiled[(spoil):vt.损坏,糟蹋;宠坏] by their parents,for the majority of them are the only childrenof their families.Brought up in the social context of opening up andreform,they are always renounced[(renounce):v.宣布放弃,抛弃] by the older generationthat they have been westernized[(westernize):v.西洋化,欧化] looking to western culturesas fashionable and being cynical[adj.愤世嫉俗的] the Chinese counterpart.Given more and more college graduateshave difficulties in finding decent jobs,they are perceived[(perceive):vt.察觉,发觉;理解] by the older generationsas not competent as college students of the older generations.However,I am of opinion that the aforementioned[a.上述的,前述的]negative image is imposed upon the post-80 and -90 generations,which is unfair.Firstly, as the majority ofpost-80 and -90 generation college students are at schoolor in the lower layers of social myriad[adj.许多,无数],they are vulnerable[a.易受伤害的,脆弱的]to their superior’s judgments.As is known,those older generations were brought upin a less affluent[a.丰富的,富裕的]and isolated society,they were denied a favorable social background. College students in the pasthad to work harder to be admitted dueto the limited resources of higher learning.When they were in college,many could not gain allowance[n.津贴,补贴,零用钱] from their familiesso that they got into the habit of frugality[n.节俭,俭省].Before the adoption[n.收养,领养]of opening up policy,it’s difficult for them to get access to foreign cultures,not to mention American movies and Japanese cartoons.As a result,those older generations are likelyto deem[v.认为,视为,断定为]any behaviors differentfrom their own experiences as unacceptable[adj.不能接受的]and due to their seniority[n.资深;职位高;年长,年高]they are able to express their judgmentson various occasions. On the contrary,the post-80 and -90 generations can not voicetheir opinions in a society dominated[(dominate):v.支配,控制]by the older generations.Secondly, admittedly,part of the post-80 and -90 college studentsfit into the negative image,but they can not represent all the college students. According to our experience,there are students who are obsessed[(obsess):v.困扰] with computer games,who spend a lot of time keeping love affairs,and who spend money in an extravagant[adj.奢侈的] manner.In comparison with these students,the majority of the post-80 and -90 studentscan fit into an ideal model of college students. Some absorb[vt.吸收;使专心]themselves in the library all day long.Some take part-time jobs in their spare time topay for tuition[n.教学,讲授;学费]fees. Some voluntarily[(voluntary):a.自愿的,志愿的]go to the remote[a.相隔很远的;冷淡的]areas to teach poverty-stricken[adj.贫困的] students.I was wondering why the media[n.新闻媒体]do notprovide more reports of those positiveaspects of the post-80 and -90 generation college students.On all accounts,the negative image is imposedby those established older generations,and can not represent all the college students.As a member of the post 80 and 90 college students,I believe that we will still bethe backbone[n.脊椎,志气,骨干,支柱;主干]of our society in the future.Topic 9 Should Public[adj.公共的,公众的] Announcement[n.宣布,宣告]of Disciplinary[a.训练的,规律的,训诫的] Measures[(measure):vt.量,测量n.分量]Be Abolished[(abolish):vt.废止,革除,取消]?In the recent,it is reportedthat students commit suicides[(suicide):n.自杀] after school authoritiesmake public announcement of disciplinary measuresagainst those culprits[(culprit):n.犯人,罪犯,刑事被告]’ violating[(violate):v.违反,违背]certain school regulations[(regulation):n.规则,规章;管理].Oftentimes[ad.时常地],those culprits’ parents would sue schools for compensations[(compensation):n.赔偿].No matter how much money they are compensated[(compensate):v.补偿,赔偿],it can not change the factthat the dead students are not to regenerate[adj.改过自新的,新生的].Some educationalists[(educationalist):教育家,教育学者] hencesuggest that public announcement of disciplinary measures be abolished.They argue that students are fragile[a.易损坏的,易受伤害的]in psychology[n.心理学]for they are the only childrenand usually get too much protection from families. But should they get away with punishments?I do not think so.Firstly, as students have alreadyborne in their mind the consequencesthat if they break certain school regulations,they must take the responsibility.They should accept any due punishments.I do not believe that those students have no idea of what those regulations are or any previous regulation[n.规则,规章;管理] enforcements[(enforcement):n.实施,执行]. Generally speaking,they are repeatedly told not to breach[v.毁坏,泄密n.缺口] school norms[(norm):n.标准,准则]and regulations by their head teachers and parents. Before students sit certain exams,they will be reminded again ofdisposing[(dispose):vi.去掉,丢掉;销毁]of any material relevant[adj.有关的]to examinations.They will also be informed what consequences they are to bear if they don’t conform[v.一致,符合,相似] to the regulations.Therefore, if they stillintend to break norms and regulations,they must accept any forms of punishment without complaints.Otherwise, norms and regulations would have no bonding[(bond):n.债券] effects.Secondly,the purpose of public announcement of disciplinary measuresis to help those culprits by supervision[n.监督,指导] of the public.As people tend[vt.照管,照料,护理 vi.走向,趋向;倾向] to hold their mistakesfrom being revealed to other people,they actually avoid acknowledging[(acknowledge):v.就…表示谢意,致谢] their mistakesand are unwilling to correct them.After the publication of their mistakes,culprits would be judged by their classmates, friends and teachers, and hencethey can be imposed pressures not to err[v.做错,出。
2014年专八作文题目和范文[整理]
![2014年专八作文题目和范文[整理]](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/ca03fdacfc0a79563c1ec5da50e2524de518d086.png)
2014年专八作文题目和范文2014年专八写作真题及参考范文真题：PARTVI WRITING (45 MIN)Nowadays, some companies have work-from-home or remote working policies, which means that their employees do not have to commute to work every day. Some people think that this can save a lot of time travelling to and from work, thus raising employees’ productivity. However, others argue that in the workplace, people can communicate face to face, which vastly increases the efficiency of coordination and cooperation. What is your opinion?Write an essay of about 400 words on the following topic：My Views on Working from HomeIn the first part of your essay you should state clearly your main argument, and in the second part you should support your argument with appropriate details．In the last part you should bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or make a summary．Marks will be awarded for content, organization，language and appropriateness．Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks．Write your essay on ANSWER SHEET FOUR．参考范文（一）Telecommuting: an Inevitable TrendThere is no denying the fact that the past years have witnessedan increasing number of people working from home, with some employers encouraging this practice. However, there exist opposing views on this phenomenon, with proponents claiming that it saves time and increases productivity, while opponents arguing that it lacks face-to-face communication and thus affects coordination. Personally, I believe that there is truth in both opinions. Therefore, this new style of working suits more jobs that demand less face-to-face communication. However, with the popularization of the Internet and its increasingly mighty function, working from home, or telecommuting, will definitely become an inevitable and irreversible trend.Firstly, the advantages of telecommuting go far beyond saving time spent on travelling to and from the workplace. It provides a worker with an unimaginable degree of freedom and comfort. One can nearly arrange everything related to work according to his or her will. He can get up and go to bed at any time he wishes, as long as he fulfills his daily task. Furthermore, he does not have to worry about his appearances or dressing. This is especially convenient to female workers. Besides, one can choose to work out during the break at time he deems proper. Plus, he can enjoy cooking at home and have his favorite food, instead of putting up with the monotonous cuisine in the collective dining hall or potentially hazardous food in restaurants.Secondly, communicating face to face is gradually losing its necessity in an increasing number of professions along with the strides made in online communication. This is true not only in such advanced industrialized countries as the U.S. and Japan,but also here in China. Such online communication tools as QQ, We Chat and micro blog provide people with not only verbal chat, but also voice chat and even video chat. One does not necessarily go out to see his colleagues or clients, for it can all be accomplished online. A case in point is the surging wave of online shopping. Another strong evidence is online education. Such virtual classrooms as YY and MOOC have rendered actual classrooms seem outdated and stupid.Undeniably, face-to-face communication cannot completely give way to virtual communication, especially at the starting stage of a community, or in such cases as individualized education and primary schooling. However, as a natural consequence of the development of science and technology, working from home represents the marching direction of advanced productivity. As a member of modern society, one should get himself or herself fully prepared for the challenge of such a new style of working.参考范文（二）Telecommuting: a Two-Edged SwordAngels and devils are two poles apart, but working from home, or telecommuting, seems to combine them perfectly. Along with the advances in computer and Internet technologies, the past years have witnessed an increasing number of people working from home, with some employers encouraging this practice. However, there exist opposing views on this phenomenon. Some people take it for granted that it is a blessing, while others argue that it is a curse. As I see it, there is an element of truth in both views, and one should make a careful choiceaccording to his or her conditions.On the one hand, no one can deny the fact that working from home brings about numerous benefits, which go far beyond saving time spent on travelling to and from the workplace. It provides a worker with an unimaginable degree of freedom and comfort. One can nearly arrange everything related to work according to his or her will. He can get up and go to bed at any time he wishes, as long as he fulfills his daily task. Furthermore, he does not have to worry about his appearances or dressing. This is especially convenient to female workers. Besides, one can choose to work out during the break at time he deems proper. Plus, he can enjoy cooking at home and have his favorite food, instead of putting up with the monotonous cuisine in the collective dining hall or potentially hazardous food in restaurants.On the other hand, however, the above mentioned advantages of telecommuting may well turn out to be its demerits. While enjoying the freedom of time arrangement, one may find himself lack of discipline and regular hours, which might be a hazard to his physical fitness. In the same way, he or she may miss the opportunity to manifest his or her attractiveness to his or her colleagues or people on the way to and back from work while appreciating the time and money that otherwise would be spent on dressing and making up. Similarly, he or she may find it troublesome to cook and wash dishes. What is the most important, as mentioned in the directions, is that telecommuting cut into face-to-face communication and thus affects the efficiency of coordination. As can be easily perceived, face-to-face communication cannot completely giveway to virtual communication, especially at the starting stage of a community, or in such cases as individualized education and primary schooling.In the final analysis, I should admit honestly that I cannot give a yes-no answer to the question whether telecommuting is a good thing or not. Actually, it should be viewed as a two-edged sword, which presents both conveniences and troubles. The best policy, as I see it, is to make your own choice according to the nature of your work as well as your personality.。
2014英语专业八级真题
TEM-8 (2014)听力试题SECTION A MINI-LECTUREIn this section, you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture. When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE， using no more than three words in each gap. Make sure the word(s)you fill in is (are) both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may refer to your notes while completing the task. Use the blank sheet for note-taking. Now listen to the mini-lecture.SECTION B INTERVIEWIn this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the correct answer to each question on your coloured answer sheet.Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10seconds to answer each of the following five questions. Now listen to the interview betweenOscar winning actress Angelina Jolieand Cianons Andrew DamonNow listen to the interview.1.What is the main purpose of Angelina's visit to Iraq?[A] To draw attention to the refugee crisis. [B] To look after refugees in Iraq.[C] To work for U.N.H.C.R. [D] To work out a plan for refugees.2.From the interview we know that Angelina _________.[A] was strongly opposed to officials’ opinions [B] thought young kids sh ould be givenpriority[C] was much worried about the lack of action [D] proposed that policies be made promptly3.Which of the following BEST explains what the global community should do?[A] To supenise the construction of schools. [B] To take prompt and effective actions.[C] To provide water and power supply. [D] To prevent instability and aggression.4.Accorciing to Angelina, what is the key issue in solving the refugee problem?[A] The current situation in Iraq. [B] The politics in the Middle East[C] Refugees returning to normal life. [D] International and domestic efforts.5.Angelina saw her trip to Iraq significant because she could_________.[A] help others know where the problems were [B] help bring NGOs back to the region[C] talk to different people there [D] read the official papersSECTION C NEWS BROADCASTIn this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY.Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the correct answer to eachquestion on your coloured answer sheet.Question 6 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will begiven 10 seconds to answer the question.Now listen to the news.6.What is the main idea of the news item?[A] Alitalia's attempt to help Wind Jet out. [B] Cancellation of flights at Rome Airport[C] Problems caused by Wind Jet's cash shortage. [D] Expected changes of Wind Jefs flightdesUnations.Question 7 and 8 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, youwill be given 20 seconds to answer the question.Now listen to the news.7.What did the researchers discover in northern Kenya?[A] A human tooth. [B] A human skull.[C] Three species of humans. [D] Three human fossils.8.What was the significance of the discovery?[A] Tlie findings were publislied in Nature. [B] It supported an existing assumption.[C] Most research questions were answered. [D] More research efforts were encouraged.Questions 9 and 10 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, youwill be given 20 seconds to answer the questions.Now listen to the news.9.The airport originally decided to cover up tlie poster because __________[A] some international travellers complained [B] the art exhibition was to be postponed[C] other artists works were absent from ads [D] real-life models would appear on the scene10.What was the reaction of the National Galleries of Scotland?[A]Horrified. [B] Indignant. [C] Surprised. [D] Outraged.PART II READING COMPREHENSION (30 MIN)TEXT AMy class at Harvard Business School helps students understand what good management theory is and how it is built. In each session, we look at one company through the lenses of different theories, using them to explain how the company got into its situation and to examine what action will yield the needed results. On the last day of class, I asked my class to turn those theoretical lenses on themselves to find answers to two questions: First, How can I be sure I’ll be happy in my career? Second, How can I be sure my relationships with my spouse and my family will become an enduring source of happiness? Here are some management tools that can be used to help you lead a purposeful life.1. Use Your Resources Wisely. Your decisions about allocating your personal time, energy, and talent shape your life’s strategy. I have a bunch of “businesses” that compete for these resources: I’m trying to have a rewarding relationship with my wife, raise great kids, contribute to my community, succeed in my career, and contribute to my church. And I have exactly the same problem that a corporation does. I have a limited amount of time, energy and talent. How much do I devote to each of these pursuits?Allocation choices can make your life turn out to very different from what you intended. Sometimes that’s good: opportunities that you have never planned for emerge. But if you don’t invest your resources wisely, the outcome can be bad. As I think about my former classmates who inadvertently investe d in lives of hollow unhappiness, I can’t help believing that their troubles related right back to a short-term perspective.When people with a high need for achievement have an extra half hour of time or an extra ounce of energy, they’ll unconsciously a llocate it to activities that yield the most tangible accomplishments. Our careers provide the most concrete evidence that we’re moving forward. You ship a product, finish a design, complete a presentation, close a sale teach a class, publish a paper, get paid, get promoted. In contrast, investing time and energy in your relationships with your spouse and children typically doesn’t offer the same immediate sense of achievement. Kids misbehave every day. It’s really not until 20 years down the road that you can say, “I raised a good son or a good daughter.” You can neglect your relationship with your spouse and on a daily basis it doesn’t seem as if thing are deteriorating. People who are driven to excel have this unconscious propensity to under invest in their families and overinvest in their careers, even though intimate and loving family relationships are the most powerful and enduring source of happiness.If you study the root causes of business disasters, over and over you’ll find this predisposition toward endeavors that offer immediate gratification. If you look at personal lives through that lens, you’ll see that same stunning and sobering pattern: people allocating fewer and fewer resources to the things they would have once said mattered most.2. Create A Family Culture. It’s one thing to see into the foggy future with a acuity and chart the course corrections a company must make. But it’s quite another to persuade employees to line up and work cooperatively to take the company in that new direction.When there is little agreement, you have to use “power tools” – coercion, threats, punishments and so on, to secure cooperation. But if employee’s ways of working together succeed over and over, consensus begins to form. Ultimately, people don’t even think about whether their way yields success. They embrace priorities and follow procedures by instinct and assumption rather than by explicit decision, which means that they’ve created a culture. Culture, in compelling but unspoken ways, dictates the proven, acceptable methods by which member s of a group address recurrent problems. And culture defines the priority given to different types of problems. It can be a powerful management tool.I use this model to address the question, How can I be my family becomes an enduring source of happiness? My students quickly see that the simplest way parents can elicit cooperation fromchildren is to wield power tools. But there comes a point during the teen years when power tools no longer work. At that point, parents start wishing they had begun working with their children at a very young age to build a culture in which children instinctively behave respectfully toward one another, obey their parents, and choose the right thing to do. Families have cultures, just a companies do. Those cultures can be built consciously.If you want your kids to have strong self-esteem and the confidence that they can solve hard problems, those qualities won’t magically materialize in high school. You have to design them into fa mily’s culture and you have think about this very early on. Like employees, children build self-esteem by doing things that are hard and learning what works.11. According to the author, the key to successful allocation of resources in your life depends on whether youA. can manage your time wellB. have long-term planningC. are lucky enough to have new opportunitiesD. can solve both company and family problems12. What is the role of the statement “Our careers provide the most concrete evidence t hat we’re moving forward” with reference to the previous statement in the paragraph?A. To offer further explanationB. To provide a definitionC. To present a contrastD. To illustrate career development13. According to the author, a common cause of failure in business and family relationships isA. lack of planningB. short-sightednessC. shortage of resourcesD. decision by instinct14. According to the author, when does culture begin to emergeA. When people decide what and how to do by instinctB. When people realize the importance of consensusC. When people as a group decide how to succeedD. When people use “power tools” to reach agreement15. One of the similarities between company culture and family culture is thatA. problem-solving ability is essentialB. cooperation is the foundationC. respect and obedience are key elementsD. culture needs to be nurturedText BIt was nearly bed-time and when they awoke next morning land would be in sight. Dr. Macphail lit his pipe and, leaning over the rail, searched the heavens for the Southern Cross. After two years at the front and a wound that had taken longer to heal than it should, he was glad to settle down quietly at Apia (阿皮亚，西萨摩亚首都) for twelve months at least, and he felt already better for the journey. Since some of the passengers were leaving the ship next day at Pago-Pago they had had a little dance that evening and in his ears hammered still the harsh notes of the mechanical piano. But the deck was quiet at last. A little way off he saw his wife in a long chair talking with the Davidsons, and he strolled over to her. When he sat down under the light and took off his hat you saw that he had very red hair, with a bald patch on the crown, and the red, freckled skin which accompanies red hair; he was a man of forty, thin, with a pinched face, precise and rather pedantic; and he spoke with a Scots accent in a very low, quiet voice.Between the Macphails and the Davidsons, who were missionaries, there had arisen the intimacy of shipboard, which is due to propinquity rather than to any community of taste. Their chief tie was the disapproval they shared of the men who spent their days and nights in the smoking-room playing poker or bridge and drinking. Mrs. Macphail was not a little flattered to think that she and her husband were the only people on board with whom the Davidsons were willing to associate, and even the doctor, shy but no fool, half unconsciously acknowledged the compliment. It was only because he was of an argumentative mind that in their cabin at night he permitted himself to carp (唠叨).‘Mrs. Davidson was saying she didn’t know how they’d have got through the journey if it hadn’t been for us,’ said Mrs. Macphail, as she neatly brushed out her transformati on (假发). ‘She said we were really the only people on the ship they cared to know.’‘I shouldn’t have thought a missionary was such a big bug (要人、名士) that he could afford to put on frills (摆架子).’‘It’s not frills. I quite understand what she means. It wouldn’t have been very nice for the Davidsons to have to mix with all that rough lot in the smoking-room.’‘The founder of their religion wasn’t so exclusive,’ said Dr. Macphail with a chuckle.‘I’ve asked you over and over again not to joke about religion,’ answered his wife. ‘I shouldn’t like to have a nature like yours, Alec. You never look for the best in people.’He gave her a sidelong glance with his pale, blue eyes, but did not reply. After many years of married life he had learned that it was more conducive to peace to leave his wife with the last word. He was undressed before she was, and climbing into the upper bunk he settled down to read himself to sleep.When he came on deck next morning they were close to land. He looked at it with greedy eyes. There was a thin strip of silver beach rising quickly to hills covered to the top with luxuriant vegetation. The coconut trees, thick and green, came nearly to the water’s edge, and among them you saw the grass houses of the Samoaris (萨摩亚人); and here and there, gleaming white, a little church. Mrs. Davidson came and stood beside him. She was dressed in black, and wore round her neck a gold chain, from which dangled a small cross. She was a little woman, with brown, dull hair very elaborately arranged, and she had prominent blue eyes behind invisible pince-nez (夹鼻眼镜). Her face was long, like a sheep’s, but she gave no impression of foolishness, rather of extreme alertness; she had the quick movements of a bird. The most remarkable thing about her was her voice, high, metallic, and without inflection; it fell on the ear with a hard monotony, irritating to the nerves like the pitiless clamour of the pneumatic drill.‘This must seem like home to you,’ said Dr. Macphail, with his thin, difficult smile.‘Ours are low islands, you know, not like these. Coral. These are volcanic. We’ve got another ten days'' journey to reach them.’‘In these parts that’s almost like being in the next street at home,’ said Dr. Macphail facetiously.‘Well, that’s rather an exaggerated way of putting it, but one does look at distances differently in the J South Seas. So far you’re right.’Dr. Macphail sighed faintly.16. It can be inferred from the first paragraph that Dr. MacphailA. preferred quietness to noiseB. enjoyed the sound of the mechanical pianoC. was going back to his hometownD. wanted to befriend the Davidsons17. The Macphails and the Davidsons were in each other’e company because theyA. had similar experienceB. liked each otherC. shared dislike for some passengersD. had similar religious belief18. Which of the following statements best DESCRIBES Mrs. Macphail?A. She was good at making friendsB. She was prone to quarrelling with her husbandC. She was skillful in dealing with strangersD. She was easy to get along with.19. All the following adjectives can be used to depict Mrs. Davidson EXCEPTA. arrogantB. unapproachableC. unpleasantD. irritable20. Which of the following statements about Dr. Macphail is INCORRECT?A. He was sociable.B. He was intelligent.C. He was afraid of his wife.D. He was fun of the Davidsons.Text CToday we make room for a remarkably narrow range of personality styles. We're told that to be great is to be bold, to be happy is to be sociable. We see ourselves as a nation of extroverts—which means that we've lost sight of who we really are. One-third to one-half of Americans are introverts—in the other words, one out of every two or three people you know. If you're not an introvert yourself, you are surely raising, managing, married to, or coupled with one.If these statistics surprise you, that's probably because so many people pretend to be extroverts. Closet introverts pass undetected on playgrounds, in high school locker rooms, and in the corridors of corporate America. Some fool even themselves, until some life event---a layoff, an empty nest, an inheritance that frees them to spend time as they like---jolts them into taking stock of their true natures. You have only to raise this subject with your friends and acquaintances to find that the most unlikely people consider themselves introverts.It makes sense that so many introverts hide even from themselves. We live with a value system that I call the Extrovert Ideal— the omnipresent belief that the ideal self is gregarious, alpha, and comfortable in the spotlight. The archetypal extrovert prefers action tocontemplation, risk-taking to heed-taking, certainty to doubt. He favors quick decisions, even at the risk of being wrong. She works well in teams and socializes in groups. We like to think that we value individuality, but all too often we admire one type of individual—— the kind who's comfortable "putting himself out there." Sure, we allow technologically gifted loners who launch companies in garages to have any personality they please, but they are the exceptions, not the rule, and our tolerance extends mainly to those who get fabulously wealthy or hold the promise of doing so.Introversion---along with its cousins sensitivity, seriousness, and shyness---is now a second-class personality trait, somewhere between a disappointment and a pathology. Introverts living under the Extrovert Ideal are like women in a man's world, discounted because of a trait that goes to the core of who they are. Extroversion is an enormously appealing personality style, but we've turned it into an oppressive standard to which most of us feel we must conform.The Extrovert Ideal has been documented in many studies, though this research has never been grouped under a single name. Talkative people, for example, are rated as smarter, better-looking, more interesting, and more desirable as friends. Velocity of speech counts as well as volume: we rank fast talkers as more competent and likable than slow ones. Even the word introvert is stigmatized---one informal study, by psychologist Laurie Helgoe, found that introverts described their own physical appearance in vivid language, but when asked to describe generic introverts they drew a bland and distasteful picture.But we make a grave mistake to embrace the Extrovert Ideal so unthinkingly. Some of our greatest ideas, art, and inventions---from the theory of evolution to van Gogh's sunflowers to the personal computer---came from quiet and cerebral people who knew how to tune in to their inner worlds and the treasures to be found there.21. According to the author, there exists, as far as personality styles are concerned, a discrepancy betweenA. what people say they can do and what they actually canB. what society values and what people pretend to beC. what people profess and what statistics showD. what people profess and what they hide from others22. The ideal extrovert is described as being all the following EXCEPTA. doubtfulB. sociableC. determinedD. bold23. According to the author, our society only permits ___ to have whatever personality they like.A. the youngB. the ordinaryC. the artisticD. the rich24. According to the passage, which of the following statements B EST reflects the author’s opinion?A. Introversion is seen as an inferior trait because of its association with sensitivity.B. Extroversion is arbitrary forced by society as a norm upon people.C. Introverts are generally regarded as either unsuccessful or as deficient.D. Extroversion and introversion have similar personality trait profiles.25. The author winds up the passage with a____ note.A. cautiousB. warningC. positiveD. humorousText DSpeaking two languages rather than just one has obvious practical benefits in an increasingly globalized world. But in recent years, scientists have begun to show that the advantages of bilingualism are even more fundamental than being able to converse with a wider range of people. Being bilingual, it turns out, makes you smarter. It can have a profound effect on your brain, improving cognitive skills not related to language and even shielding against dementia in old age.This view of bilingualism is remarkably different from the understanding of bilingualism through much of the 20th century. Researchers, educators and policy makers long considered a second language to be an interference, cognitively speaking, that hindered a child’s academic and intellectual development.They were not wr ong about the interference: there is ample evidence that in a bilingual’s brain both language systems are active even when he is using only one language, thus creating situations in which one system obstructs the other. But this interference, researchers are finding out, isn’t so much a handicap as a blessing in disguise. It forces the brain to resolve internal conflict, giving the mind a workout that strengthens its cognitive muscles.The collective evidence from a number of such studies suggests that the bilingual experience improves the brain’s so-called executive function ? a command system that directs the attention processes that we use for planning, solving problems and performing various other mentally demanding tasks. These processes include ignoring distractions to stay focused, switching attention willfully from one thing to another and holding information in mind ? like remembering a sequence of directions while driving.Why does the tussle between two simultaneously active language systems improve these aspects of cognition? Until recently, researchers thought the bilingual advantage stemmed primarily from an ability for inhibition that was honed by the exercise of suppressing one language system: this suppression, it was thought, would help train the bilingual mind to ignore distractions in other contexts. But that explanation increasingly appears to be inadequate, since studies have shown that bilinguals perform better than monolinguals even at tasks that do not require inhibition, like threading a line through an ascending series of numbers scattered randomly on a page.The key difference between bilinguals and monolinguals may be more basic: a heightened ability to monitor the environment. “Bilinguals have to switch languages quite often ? you may talk to your father in one language and to your mother in another language,” says Albert Costa, a researcher at the University of Pompeu Fabra in Spain. “It requires keeping track of changes around you in the same way that we monitor our surroundi ngs when driving.” In a study comparing German-Italian bilinguals with Italian monolinguals on monitoring tasks, Mr. Costa and his colleagues found that the bilingual subjects not only performed better, but they also did so with less activity in parts of the brain involved in monitoring, indicating that they were more efficient at it.The bilingual experience appears to influence the brain from infancy to old age (and there is reason to believe that it may also apply to those who learn a second language later in life).26. According to the passage, the more recent and old views of bilingualism differ mainly inA. its practical advantagesB. its role in cognitionC. perceived language fluencyD. its role in medicine27. The fact that interference is now seen as a blessing in disguise means thatA. it has led to unexpectedly favourable resultsB. its potential benefits have remained undiscoveredC. its effects on cognitive development have been minimalD. only a few researchers have realized its advantages28. What is the role of Paragraph Four in relation to Paragraph Three?A. It provides counter evidence to Paragraph Three.B. It offers another example of the role of interference.C. It serves as a transitional paragraph in the passage.D. It further illustrates the point in Paragraph Three.29. Which of the following can account for better performance of bilinguals in doing non-inhibition tasks?A. An ability to monitor surroundings.B. An ability to ignore distractions.C. An ability to perform with less effort.D. An ability to exercise suppression.30. What is the main theme of the passage?A. Features of bilinguals and monolinguals.B. Interference and suppression.C. Bilinguals and monitoring tasks.D. Reasons why bilinguals are smarter.PART III GENERAL KNOWLEDGE (10 MIN)31. Which of the following is the French-speaking city in Canada?A. VancouverB. OttawaC. MontrealD. Toronto32. Which of the following are natives of New Zealand?A. The MaorisB. The AboriginalsC. The Red IndiansD. The Eskimos33. The established or national church in England isA. the Roman Catholic ChurchB. the United Reformed ChurchC. the Anglican ChurchD. the Methodist Church34. The 13 former British colonies in North America declared independence from Great Britain inA. 1774B. 1775C. 1776D. 177735. “Grace under pressure” is an outstanding virtue of ____ heroes.A. Scott Fitzgerald’sB. Ernest Hemingway’sC. Eugene O’Neill’sD. William Faulkner’s36. Widowers’ Ho use was written byA. William Butler YeatsB. George Bernard ShawC. John GalsworthyD. T. S. Eliot37. Who wrote The Canterbury Tales?A. William ShakespeareB. William BlakeC. Geoffrey ChaucerD. John Donne38. Which of the following pairs of words are homophones?A. wind (v.) / wind (n.)B. suspect (v.) / suspect (n.)C. convict (v.) / convict (n.)D. bare (adj.) / bear (v.)39. Which of the following sentences has the “S+V+O” structure?A. He died a hero.B. I went to London.C. Mary enjoyed parties.D. She became angry.40. Which of the following CAN NOT be used as an adverbial?A. The lion’s shareB. Heart and soul.C. Null and void.D. Hammer and tongs.PART IV PROOFREADING & ERROR CORRECTION (15 MIN)There is widespread consensus among scholars that second language acquisition (SLA) emerged as a distinct field of research from the late 1950s to early 1960s.There is a high level of agreement that the following questions (1) ______have possessed the most attention of researchers in this area: (2) ______l Is it possible to acquire an additional language in thesame sense one acquires a first language? (3) ______l What is the explanation for the fact adults have (4) ______more difficulty in acquiring additional languages than children have?l What motivates people to acquire additional language?l What is the role of the language teaching in the (5) ______acquisition of additional languages?l What social-cultural factors, if any, are relevant in studying thelearning of additional languages?From a check of the literature of the field it is clear that all (6) ______the approaches adopted to study the phenomena of SLA so far haveone thing in common: The perspective adopted to view the acquiringof an additional language is that of an individual attempts to do (7) ______so. Whether one labels it “learning” or “acquiring” an additionallanguage, it is an individual accomplishment or what is under (8) ______focus is the cognitive, psychological, and institutional status of anindividual. That is, the spotlight is on what mental capabilities areinvolving, what psychological factors play a role in the learning (9) ______or acquisition, and whether the target language is learnt in theclassroom or acquired through social touch with native speakers. (10) ______PART V TRANSLATION (60 MIN)SECTION A CHINESE TO ENGLISH当我在小学毕了业的时候，亲友一致的愿意我去学手艺，好帮助母亲。
2014英语专八考试写作范文：T...
2014英语专八考试写作范文：T...Part Ⅵ Writing (45 min)Some people claim that technology creates more problems than it solves, and may threaten or damage the quality of life. What do you think of this statement? Write an essay of about 400 words.In the first part of your essay you should state clearly your main argument, and in the second part you should support your argument with appropriate details. In the last part you should bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or make a summary.You should supply an appropriate title for your essay.Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriateness. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks.SampleTechnology: More Harmful than BeneficialThe advent of technological era has brought many changes which have made a considerable impact on human life. On one hand technology has remarkably improved our standard of living and solved many of our problems, but on the other hand it has also exposed us to new problems some of which are irremediable, There is no doubt that technological advances have made our lives easier. Thanks to them the world has become a global city. Now we can traverse several continents in a single day. We can gather loads of information with a single click of the mouse. We can talk to our friends whenever we want to. We enjoy the cool air of air conditioners during hot scorching summers and warmth of heaters in freezing winters. A lot of our manual, tasksare taken up by machines, which manufacture, assemble and pack the products for them. People are leading longer and healthier lives due to development of vaccines and availability of state of art surgical equipment. They can travel to the moon and are exploring the space. All of these have been made possible only because of technological innovations.However, every thing comes at a cost and hence we are paying a hefty price for relentless use of technological tools. The water we drink is no longer safe. The air we breathe is laden with the pollutants. The ozone layer that provided a natural protection against fiendish ultraviolet rays is depleting. Deforestation and strip mining is making vast areas of land barren. The balance of our ecosystem is greatly disturbed. A large number of organisms have become extinct and several more are on the verge of extinction, and if proper measures are not adopted human beings might be one of them.The baneful effects of technology have harmed our personal lives as well. Human beings have become slaves to their own machines. The pride of accomplishing a task all by ourselves is gone. The strong family ties have become tenuous and computers and televisions have become our family and friends. The confidential information is no longer safe from hackers. The frustrations endured due to malfunctioning machines are making us amnesic. The development of vaccines has given rise to more virulent form of organisms some of which are incurable. We continuously feel threatened by chemical and biological weapons. A single atom bomb can erase millions of us within seconds. Our peace of mind is lost.In conclusion, though technology has improved our standard of living, it has harmed our environment and deteriorated thequality of life to a far greater extent.。
英语2014专八作文范文
英语2014专八作文范文英文回答：The value of education extends far beyond the mere acquisition of knowledge. Education empowers individuals with critical thinking skills, enhances their cognitive abilities, and fosters their personal growth and development. It plays a vital role in shaping individuals into well-rounded, responsible, and productive members of society.One of the primary benefits of education is its ability to cultivate critical thinking and problem-solving skills. Through exposure to diverse perspectives, students learn to analyze information, form informed opinions, and make sound judgments. Education equips individuals with the tools to navigate the complexities of modern society and to approach challenges with a rational and analytical mindset.Moreover, education enhances cognitive abilities byfostering creativity, innovation, and lifelong learning. By engaging in intellectual pursuits, students expand their knowledge base, develop their problem-solving abilities,and learn to think outside the box. Education sparks athirst for knowledge and encourages individuals to continuously seek new experiences and perspectives throughout their lives.Equally important is the role of education in promoting personal growth and development. Through interactions with educators, peers, and the broader community, students learn to communicate effectively, collaborate with others, and develop a strong sense of self-awareness. Education fosters empathy, tolerance, and respect for diversity, nurturing individuals' emotional intelligence and social responsibility.Furthermore, education plays a pivotal role in shaping individuals into productive members of society. It equips them with the skills, knowledge, and values necessary to contribute meaningfully to their communities and the worldat large. Education fosters a sense of civic responsibility,encourages ethical decision-making, and preparesindividuals to adapt to the evolving demands of the workplace.In conclusion, the value of education is immeasurable. It empowers individuals with critical thinking skills, enhances their cognitive abilities, fosters their personal growth and development, and shapes them into productive members of society. By investing in education, we invest in the future of individuals and the collective well-being of our communities and the world.中文回答：教育的价值远远超出了知识的获取。
英语2014专八作文范文
英语2014专八作文范文英文回答：In the face of the rapidly changing global landscape, the question of whether individuals should prioritize their own interests or the interests of society has sparked considerable debate. While both perspectives offer valid arguments, a balanced approach that acknowledges the importance of both self-interest and societal well-being is likely to yield optimal outcomes for individuals and society as a whole.On the one hand, it is undeniable that individuals have a responsibility to pursue their own interests and strive for their personal happiness and fulfillment. After all, each individual is the best judge of their own needs, desires, and capabilities. By prioritizing their own self-interest, individuals can optimize their potential, achieve their goals, and live a meaningful life. Moreover, the pursuit of individual interests can contribute to societalprogress by fostering innovation, creativity, and economic growth.On the other hand, it is equally important to recognize the importance of societal well-being. A healthy and just society provides a stable and supportive environment for individuals to thrive. By contributing to society, individuals not only benefit themselves but alsocollectively improve the quality of life for all. Social responsibility can manifest itself in various forms, such as volunteering, ethical consumption, and political participation. By engaging in these activities, individuals can make a positive impact on their communities and help shape a better future for all.Ultimately, the question of prioritizing self-interest or societal interests is a false dichotomy. A harmonious balance between the two is essential for both individual and societal flourishing. Individuals who are mindful of their own interests while also being cognizant of their social responsibilities can navigate the complexities of modern society and contribute to the greater good.中文回答：在瞬息万变的全球格局面前，“个人利益优先”还是“社会利益优先”引发了广泛讨论。
2014年英语专业八级预测作文
Some supermarkets are considering charging for plastic shopping bags instead of giving them free. It is claimed to aim at the reduction of environmental pollution caused by randomly disposed plastic bags. What’s your opinion on it from a consumer’s viewpoi nt? Write a composition of about 400 words to state your view.In the first part of your essay you should state clearly your main argument, and in the second part you should support your argument with appropriate details. In the last part you should bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or make a summary.You should supply an appropriate title for your essay.Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriateness. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks.Sample 1It Is Not Effective to Charge for Plastic BagsOne day when waiting for your groceries to be packed into free plastic bags, you may be surprised if the cashier at the check-out tells you the bags are extra, and you’d better believe it. Today, the pollution resulting from plastic bags has become a big threat to urban environment. Though daily use of free bags in supermarkets is tremendous in number, I don’t think consumers’ paying for plastic bags can take effect in controlling pollution.To begin with, it is unfair that only consumers should shoulder the responsibility of environmental pollution caused by supermarket plastic bags, providing free plastic shopping bags to customers is a marketing strategy adopted by supermarkets. Although supermarkets have to pay for the plastic bags, customers bring them far greater economic rewards in comparison to this minimal cost. From this point of view, it is the supermarkets that have gained the hidden profits through free plastic bags while consumers only get shopping conveniences they should have had.In addition, it is over-optimistic and a bit simple-minded to contend that charging for plastic shopping bags can help ease pollution problem. My own observation tells me that in most supermarkets plastic bags are offered by salespeople a ccording to customers’ actual needs. Since the need for shopping bags does exist, charging for those bags is not so effective and it is impossible to resolve the current waste and pollution problems thoroughly. After all, with the improvement in people’s l iving standards, it is unrealistic to expect people to bring their own shopping baskets to the supermarket. Moreover, many people usually go to the supermarket after work for convenience, how call they take what they need home without usingthe plastic shopping bags? Pollution is attributed to various causes and abolition of shopping bags merely addresses the very tip of the iceberg.In short, it is not a wise policy to charge shopping bags just on the ground that it is likely to become a pollutant. Joint efforts should be made to deal with the pollution by various means, which include promoting the application of degradable plastic bags, seeking environmentally friendly substitutes, and strengthening supermarkets’ management over free plastic bags.In China, to restore lost property to its original owner is regarded as one of the most cherished virtues. However, the draft property rights law stipulates that property Owners should pay some money to the one who returns the property. Is it a deviation from traditional values? Write a composition of about 400 words to state your view.In the first part of your essay you should state clearly your main argument, and in the second part you should support your argument with appropriate details. In the last part you should bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or make a summary.You should supply an appropriate title for your essay.Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriateness. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks.SampleIn Favor of Rewards for Good ConductTo restore lost property to its original owner describes one of the most cherished virtues embodied by the Chinese people. The draft law stipulates that property owners should give rewards to the people or organizations that return their property, such as storage. To some people, the new provision challenges the virtue that China has advocated for thousands of years by including economic compensation into law. Yet to me, it is a good thing to regulate a moral concept with law.Since people spend time and energy in restoring lost property, it is reasonable for the actual owner to offer some material reward. There is no contradiction between kind deeds and material compensation. If those who help others by fighting off robbers can be rewarded, why not those who return lost property? More importantly, giving people tangible reward has significance in reality. According to a survey, most people who get back their lost items are willing to give a reward to the finder. Providing a compromisesolution between returning and keeping lost items, this new provision encourages people to return lost property rather than hiding it. Although one may say it diminishes the nobility associated with it, it is better to have more lost property restored to original ownership.Law should play a role only where moral principle fails, otherwise, there would be chaos in social relations. I think this is the basis for transformation of law, specifically the stipulation of restoring lost property in proper, rights law. The major go al of this legislation is to restore property owners’ right over lost property. It is true that restoring lost property to its owner is our traditional virtue. For a long time, we have been relying on this moral principle in dealing with lost property. But today, we have to admit that it falls behind the realities of current society if we rely solely on it in handling the issue of lost property, the result is a much slighter possibility of lost property being returned and increasing disputes about restoring lost property.All in all, without modification, traditional virtues will be going farther away from the realities of modern life and become irrelevant. What’s more, the draft of the property rights law stipulates that a finder“can’’ receive reward, which means they can also refuse reward. Thus, this does not thwart virtuous people from practicing our traditional virtues.The practice is well established in Singapore and Hong Kong of reserving a fund for incorruptible government officials and rewarding them on retirement. Those who have violated related regulations and disciplines on the job will have less or no bonus according to the circumstances. What’s your opinion on this issue? Write a composition of about 400 words to state your view.In the first part of your essay you should state clearly your main argument, and in the second part you should support your argument with appropriate details. In the last part you should bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or make a summary.You should supply an appropriate title for your essay.Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriateness. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks.Sample 1We Should Not Pay Civil Servants Not to CorruptIs it helpful to build an honest and clean government by a fund for incorruptible civil servants? Such an issue has aroused controversy among the public. Proponents believe the innovative move will help tofight against corruption and build a clean government. Opponents say that being clean is an official’s obligation and duty and there is therefore no need to reward them with additional funds. Personally, I’d like to express my disapproval on this question.First of all, to establish an accumulation fund for clean officials is in fact a challenge to social justice. Public servants should work diligently in an honest and clean way and abide by laws and regulations when performing their duties. That is the basic requirement for them. Any official who fails in this sense does not deserve the position of a public servant. Extra pay for clean public servants will naturally damage the image of public servants in the eyes of ordinary people. In addition, it will play a negative role in their professional work ethics. When public servants are rewarded for what they should do, what about clean doctors, teachers, lawyers, policemen? Obviously such a policy is not well-grounded.Secondly, the most unfair part about the reserve fund is that it infringes upon the interests of taxpayers who contribute to public servants’ salary in the first place. It’s God’s truth that officials should work for the taxpayers’ interests. But to sustain such a fund system, a large number of workers and farmers will have to pay more for what public servants are supposed to do. As for the reserve fund, only when the amount of the award comes to a tempting figure can it restrain corruption to a certain degree. However, it is impossible to raise such an enormous fund only from their welfare fund. So, the fund is actually a disguised form of reward to public servants through taking advantage of fiscal revenue.Relatively speaking, public servants are well paid for their service, so it is not rational to raise such a fund of reward. What we can do is to strengthen supervision mechanisms, so as to effectively track down and punish corrupted officials and let them pay higher costs for their behavior. In addition, to fundamentally minimizing the corruption phenomenon in the government, we should take effective measures to put a limit on their power in an attempt to provide fewer opportunities to abuse power.Traffic congestions are a headache in many cities across the country as a result of rapid increase of private cars. Therefore, some people suggest that a limit be put on the number of private cars. Do you agree or disagree with such a proposal? Write a composition of about 400 words on the following topic：In the first part of your essay you should state clearly your main argument, and in the second part you should support your argument with appropriate details. In the last part you should bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or make a summary.You should supply an appropriate title for your essay.Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriateness. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks.Should We Put a Limit on Private Cars?Sample 1A Limit Should Not Be Put on Private CarsOwing to economic development and improvement in living standards of common people, more and more private cars are on road. Some believe private cars have brought convenience and mobility to the owners while others argue that private automobiles deserve a limit on the increasing number. As far as I see it, we should not put a limit on private cars.First of all, the private car is a symbol of freedom and wealth. The private car has given us a freedom and convenience our ancestors could not dream of. We can travel to relatively remote places that it is hard to reach on foot or public transport rarely goes to. A car enables an individual or a family to travel at any time they wish. With a car there is no need to wait for the bus in the bitterly cold or under the scorching sun. Furthermore a car can serve as a symbol of one’s wealth, which makes him or her proud of his or her accomplishments and glorious past.Secondly, a car can make our work more efficient and life more convenient. Nowadays many Chinese can enjoy the comfort and luxury of owning a private car. Having a car of one’s own means no more traveling to work on crowded buses or subway trains; no more waste of time for waiting at the bus stop or train station. With a car one does not have to worry about the possible danger their child suffers when they are elbowing their way through the crowd, instead they can drop off the children at school on the way to work. In the case of illness, the car takes its owner or other sick person to hospital without any delay.Last but not least, lifting bans on private cars will stimulate the automobile industry, which provides jobs for a large team of workers. Known as a sunrise industry, Chinese automobile industry needs strong and continuous fueling from domestic demand. If more people buy cars, the industry will embrace continued growth, thus contributing more to the national economy. Moreover, its growth will trigger the boom of related industries like iron and steel production and energy.In conclusion, the advantages of private cars convince us that we should not put a limit on the number of private cars. What we should do at the moment is to perfect the transport infrastructure to ensure privatecars to go faster and more safely.In some developed regions in China, some women decide to stay at home to be a professional housewife because the family does not need a second cheque. Do you agree or disagree with such a choice? Write a composition of about 400 words to state your view.In the first part of your essay you should state clearly your main argument, and in the second part you should support your argument with appropriate details. In the last part you should bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or make a summary.You should supply an appropriate title for your essay.Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriateness. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks.SampleProfessional Housewife Is Not Favored by the MajorityThe term “professional housewife” refers to a woman who decides to stay at home full-time after marriage. With the growing popularity of this practice, it has been put under the limelight and aroused more concerns from the public. An increasing number of people believe it is a personal choice, however this opinion is also being questioned. Frankly speaking, I don’t think it is favored by the majority of the public.Firstly, Chinese people differ in cultural backgrounds from Koreans and Japanese, who tend to hold that man is superior to woman. Although in Chinese history, women were oppressed and regarded as inferior, the founding of new China has lifted the ideological obstacles to the greatest extent. Today most women are working outside their homes not for the reason the family needs a second check but to prove their personal worth. Though housework is meaningful, it is not paid and, what’s worse, it is not social ly recognized. Therefore, being a full time housewife is not the favorite choice for the majority of modern Chinese women.Secondly, it is financially unwise for women to stay at home full time. Some well-off men may be fond of a professional housewife, which will make a more comfortable and cozy home available, while the less wealthy men and families cannot afford such a luxury, since it will be very demanding to support the whole family with only one check. Both husband and wife have to take up responsibility of breadwinners.Thirdly, the majority of women will strongly object to it, especially the better-educated group. Having received concepts of self-esteem and economic independence, modern women tend to be sell-reliant ratherthan dependent on anyone else, even their spouses. For one thing, it is a waste of their education and potentials; for another, they will not find it hard to adhere to boredom of house chores and routines. They know that a professional housewife will be sneered and biased in the community. A married woman IS a social being first who is supposed to fulfill their social functions.In conclusion, it is self-evident that the professional housewife will never gain ground in average Chinese families, for it leads to possible misunderstanding and social contempt towards women and may pose a significant threat to independence of a human being.Some Chinese top athletes including some world champions chose to pursue their career abroad after retiring from national teams. This has provoked quite some controversy. Some people have strong objections to the outflow of these players, believing it has minimized the advantages China has long had over foreign competitors. Others maintain that these individuals have right to choose their own way of life. Write an essay of about 400 words to express your view on this issue.In the first part of your essay you should state clearly your main argument, and in the second part you should support your argument with appropriate details. In the last part you should bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or make a summary.You should supply an appropriate title for your essay.Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriateness. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks.Sample1Serving Abroad: Better Not To GoNowadays some Chinese top athletes including some world champions have chosen to pursue their career abroad after retiring from national team. This has provoked quite a bit of controversy. Some people have strong objections to their behavior, which is believed to have harmed China’s adva ntages over foreign competitors. And others maintain that these people possess their own tree will about the decisions of future life. In my opinion, the disadvantages of these phenomena have outweighed the advantages.First of all, the outflow of these outstanding athletes will directly lead to the loss of elites and techniques, which is very harmful for Chinese sports development. Coaches with ample and enviable experiences are valuable resources for our country. If we cannot keep them, their service for foreign teams will pose significant threats to us. The famous volleyball player and previous coach of our national team,Lang Ping is a good example in this sense. Around 1999, she left for Italy retirement, and got employed by one of the top clubs there. Since then the performance of that team soared up out of many experts’ expectation. In 2004 Olympic Games, another example can be found with the Australian volleyball team as a dark horse. The brilliant performance of the team was evidently attributable to the two former Chinese coaches.Secondly, everyone should contribute to the prosperity of their home country and top athletes are no exceptions. It is true that they have devoted their childhood and youth to the tedious and strict training and cut-throat competition, yet it is equally true that the continuous development ot sports needs their rich experiences and hard-won skills. Thus there is no reason that they should leave aside the needs of our motherland and serve foreign countries.Thirdly, as a side effect of economic development, more and more people have become money-oriented and self-centered. If these outstanding players just go abroad for the pursuit of money, a bad example might be set for younger athletes who lack experience and desire to succeed in the future. Without a reasonable appreciation for sports career, these young people could not live up to expectations of the nation and people and work for continued boom of the country’s sports. Under Chinese system, professional athletes are to a great extent supported by the state. Consequently the patrons are entitled to have a say for the beneficiary’s future p1an.In conclusion, I am strongly against the phenomena of athletes’ outflow. To repay the cultivation and trust from our nation, they should devote themselves into training young athletes.Some people believe it is good for students to attend military training, while others are opposed to it. What’s your opinion? Write an essay of about 400 words.In the first part of your essay you should state clearly your main argument, and in the second part you should support your argument with appropriate details. In the last part you should bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or make a summary.You should supply an appropriate title for your essay.Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriateness. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks.SampleMilitary TrainingThere is no denying the fact that it has been a hotly debated topic whether students should attend military training in China in the past years. Opinions on this issue differ sharply. Some hold the positive view while others are strongly against it. Personally, I believe it is essential for students to attend military training.First, to attend military training is a response to the call for a stronger national defense. Though we are in a relatively peaceful age, the danger of wars never really fades. Some Western powers have never given up their attempt to overturn Chinese government and subject China to their manipulation. Therefore, every Chinese should bear in mind his or her duty to guard the nation against invaders. Military training among students is the most direct means to instill such awareness and familiarize young people with life in the troop.Secondly, military training serves as an effective way to temper young people’s willpower, develop their team-spirit and cultivate their sense of discipline. As a generation brought up in a peaceful and relatively well-off environment, youngsters today suffer a grave lack of willpower. Compared with previous generations, they are more prone to saying die in the face of difficulties or setbacks. Therefore, they can gain much through the trying drills of military training. Besides, the honor of a military group depends on the effort of each member, which calls for supreme team-spirit, which is another quality that many current young people lack as they are self-centered. Plus, perhaps there can be no other settings like the barrack that demands so much sense of discipline. In these senses, military training provides a perfect chance for those high-fed, coddled and even spoiled youngsters to learn life lessons.Last but not least, military training supplies a chance to build up students’ bodies. Although mo st youngsters are enjoying a higher standard of living nowadays than their previous generations, their physical conditions are far from desirable.Those against military training may be worried by the assumption that a sudden increase of intense physica l exercise, especially during summer, may do harm to students’ health and they may cite as evidence the deaths of some students during military training in the past years. But I should point out that those deaths are absolutely exceptional cases and are perfect evidence that students need more such training.To sum up, military training is not only a means to strengthen student’s physique and willpower, but also an effective way to enhance their sense of national defense and foster their patriotism. Though it proves too much for a few students, we should not give up eating for fear of choking. The only thing we need to do is to take measures to ensure that the least harm is done to the trainees.Some time ago, China’s Ministry of Education banned universi ty students from renting private accommodation during their studies. To this people’s attitudes differ sharply. What do you think? Write an essay of about 400 words.In the first part of your essay you should state clearly your main argument, and in the second part you should support your argument with appropriate details. In the last part you should bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or make a summary.You should supply an appropriate title for your essay.Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriateness. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks.SampleTREAT STUDENTS AS ADULTS, NOT CHILDRENSome time ago, China’s Ministry of Education banned university students fro m renting private accommodation during their studies. This has given rise to a heated discussion. Some people, especially school management and most parents, embrace such a ban, while others criticize it fiercely. Personally, I am against the ban.First, most college students are adults and should enjoy the right to choose where to live. In banning off-campus housing, the education authorities seem to believe that college students, most aged 18-22, should be treated as children, rather than adults. Some administrators claim that students lack self-control and cannot make proper decisions for themselves. This is surely not fair treatment for such a bright young generation. If these students didn’t attend colleges, but worked in companies or joined the army, they would be treated as adults.Secondly, private accommodation is indeed preferable to living on campus for many students. It is true that living on campus promotes a sense of belonging by being closely connected with other students. This could truly be a valuable part of the four-year college education. Students living on campus also have easier access to vast school resources, such as libraries, computer rooms and various evening seminars. But crowded dormitories, high noise levels, early electricity curfews and other strict codes also make dorms less attractive. At least dorms are not the right home for everyone. Off-campus housing, meanwhile, offers a greater degree of freedom. That is especially true for self-motivated students, students studying late for important tests or working late on academic projects. Many students living off-campus also share rooms.They have to negotiate contracts, pay utilities and probably cook for themselves. All help prepare students to better manage their study and l ife. In fact this also conforms to most schools’ creed that students should be in touch with the real world as much as possible.One of the motives for the housing ban is that education authorities hope this will help prevent students from cohabitation and having sex during school years. But since students can now legally marry in schools, why should they be banned from having sex? Reality tells us that this is wishful thinking. Banning sex among students has been and will be a mission impossible. This is probably why some schools have installed condom vending machines on campus or provide free condoms in school clinics, which tells students to have safe sex, rather than no sex.To sum up, we should treat students as adults instead of children. Though there might be problems in allowing students to leave off campus, we should not give up eating for fear of choking, as the Chinese idiom says. In today’s diversified world, schools should show respect to students in making their own choices. After all, schools are not military barracks and students are not soldiers.Nowadays, there are multiple activities for students to attend to develop their mental agility and rhetorical skills, such as debate contests, speech contests and the like. In view of this situation, some people claim that students should be encouraged to realize that mental agility and rhetorical skill must be accompanied by sincerity and the true conviction of their own beliefs. What do you think of this statement? Write an essay of about 400 words.In the first part of your essay you should state clearly your main argument, and in the second part you should support your argument with appropriate details. In the last part you should bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or make a summary.You should supply an appropriate title for your essay.Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriateness. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks.SampleAchieving a Balance between Mental Development and Molding of PersonalityThere is an academic tendency today to overemphasize mental agility and rhetorical skills, while giving little attention to students’ sincerity and the true conviction of their own beliefs. As we can see, there are multiple activities for students to attend on campus to develop their intellect and rhetorical skills, such as debates, speech contests and the like. Intellectual “wins” in these mental and rhetorical games become。
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真题：
PARTVI WRITING (45 MIN)
Nowadays, some companies have work-from-home or remote working policies, which means that their employees do not have to commute to work every day. Some people think that this can save a lot of time travelling to and from work, thus raising employees’ productivity. However, others argue that in the workplace, people can communicate face to face, which vastly increases the efficiency of coordination and cooperation. What is your opinion?
Write an essay of about 400 words on the following topic：
My Views on Working from Home
In the first part of your essay you should state clearly your main argument, and in the second part you should support your argument with appropriate details．In the last part you should bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or make a summary．
参考范文（二）
Telecommuting: a Two-Edged Sword
Angels and devils are two poles apart, but working from home, or telecommuting, seems to combine them perfectly. Along with the advances in computer and Internet technologies, the past years have witnessed an increasing number of people working from home, with some employers encouraging this practice. However, there exist opposing views on this phenomenon. Some people take it for granted that it is a blessing, while others argue that it is a curse. As I see it, there is an element of truth in both views, and one should make a careful choice according to his or her conditions.
Marks will be awarded for content, organization，language and appropriateness．Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks．
Write your essay on ANSWER SHEET FOUR．
Secondly, communicating face to face is gradually losing its necessity in an increasing number of professions along with the strides made in online communication. This is true not only in such advanced industrialized countries as the U.S. and Japan, but also here in China. Such online communication tools as QQ, We Chat and micro blog provide people with not only verbal chat, but also voice chat and even video chat. One does not necessarily go out to see his colleagues or clients, for it can all be accomplished online. A case in point is the surging wave of online shopping. Another strong evidence is online education. Such virtual classrooms as YY and MOOC have rendered actual classrooms seem outdated and stupid.
Undeniably, face-to-face communication cannot completely give way to virtual communication, especially at the starting stage of a community, or in such cases as individualized education and primary schooling. However, as a natural consequence of the development of science and technology, working from home represents the marching direction of advanced productivity. As a member of modern society, one should get himself or herself fully prepared for the challenge of such a new style of working.
On the one hand, no one can deny the fact that working from home brings about numerous benefits, which go far beyond saving time spent on travelling to and from the workplace. It provides a worker with an unimaginable degree of freedom and comfort. One can nearly arrange everything related to work according to his or her will. He can get up and go to bed at any time he wishes, as long as he fulfills his daily task. Furthermore, he does not have to worry about his appearances or dressing. This is especially convenient to female workers. Besides, one can choose to work out during the break at time he deems proper. Plus, he can enjoy cooking at home and have his favorite food, instead of putting up with the monotonous cuisine in the collective dining hall or potentially hazardous food in restaurants.
Firstly, the advantages of telecommuting go far beyond saving time spent on travelling to and from the workplace. It provides a worker with an unimaginable degree of freedom and comfort. One can nearly arrange everything related to work according to his or her will. He can get up and go to bed at any time he wishes, as long as he fulfills his daily task. Furthermore, he does not have to worry about his appearances or dressing. This is especially convenient to female workers. Besides, one can choose to work out during the break at time he deems proper. Plus, he can enjoy cooking at home and have his favorite food, instead of putting up with the monotonous cuisine in the collective dining hall or potentially hazardous food in restaurants.