[考研类试卷]考研英语(一)模拟试卷154.doc

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英语考研一模拟试题

英语考研一模拟试题Part I: Reading Comprehension (40 points)Section ADirections: In this section, there are four passages followed by questions or incomplete statements. For each of them, there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the one that best completes the statement or answers the question.Passage 1Questions 1-5 are based on the following passage.When it comes to hosting a dinner party, most people focus on the menu and the guest list. However, one important aspect that is often overlooked is the seating arrangement.It may seem like a small detail, but the way guests are seated can have a big impact on the success of the dinner party. A well-thought-out seating arrangement can help create a comfortable and enjoyable atmosphere for everyone involved.First and foremost, consider the size and shape of the table. If you have a long rectangular table, it's best to seat guests across from each other. This allows for easy conversation and interaction between guests. For a round table, consider seating guests in a way that allows everyone to see and talk to each other easily.Another important factor to consider is the mix of personalities at the table. Try to seat guests with similar interests next to each other toencourage conversation. It's also a good idea to seat more outgoing guests next to quieter ones to help balance the dynamics of the table.In conclusion, the seating arrangement is a key element in hosting a successful dinner party. By taking the time to carefully plan out the seating, you can ensure that your guests have an enjoyable and memorable experience.1. What is one important aspect that is often overlooked when hosting a dinner party?A. The guest listB. The menuC. The seating arrangementD. The decorations2. According to the passage, what is the best seating arrangement for a long rectangular table?A. Guests sitting next to each otherB. Guests sitting randomlyC. Guests seated across from each otherD. Guests seated in a circle3. What should be considered when seating guests to encourage conversation?A. Similar personalitiesB. Different personalitiesC. Different interestsD. Age differences4. How can outgoing guests help balance the dynamics of the table?A. By being the center of attentionB. By sitting next to each otherC. By engaging with quieter guestsD. By leaving early5. What does the author suggest is the key element in hosting a successful dinner party?A. The menuB. The guest listC. The decorationsD. The seating arrangementPassage 2Questions 6-10 are based on the following passage.Technology has become an integral part of our lives, with smartphones, tablets, and laptops being used on a daily basis. While these devices offer convenience and connectivity, there are also downsides to their constant usage.One of the major concerns related to technology is the impact it has on our sleep. The blue light emitted by screens can disrupt our natural sleep cycle, making it harder for us to fall asleep at night. Additionally, the constant notifications and alerts from our devices can lead to increased stress and anxiety, further affecting our ability to get a good night's rest.Moreover, technology has changed the way we communicate with others. While it has made it easier to stay in touch with friends and family, it has also led to a decrease in face-to-face interactions. Many people now rely on texting and social media to communicate, rather than having meaningful conversations in person.In conclusion, while technology offers many benefits, it's important to be mindful of its impact on our sleep and social interactions. Finding a balance between technology use and offline activities is crucial for maintaining our physical and mental well-being.6. According to the passage, what is a major concern related to technology?A. Its impact on our physical healthB. Its impact on our sleepC. Its impact on our social interactionsD. Its impact on our work productivity7. How does the blue light emitted by screens affect our sleep?A. It helps us fall asleep fasterB. It has no impact on our sleepC. It disrupts our natural sleep cycleD. It improves the quality of our sleep8. What can the constant notifications and alerts from devices lead to?A. Increased productivityB. Decreased stress and anxietyC. Improved memoryD. Increased stress and anxiety9. What has technology changed in terms of communication?A. It has decreased face-to-face interactionsB. It has increased face-to-face interactionsC. It has made face-to-face interactions easierD. It has had no impact on face-to-face interactions10. According to the passage, what is crucial for maintaining our physical and mental well-being in relation to technology use?A. Using technology more oftenB. Limiting offline activitiesC. Finding a balance between technology use and offline activitiesD. Completely avoiding technology useSection BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in the passage. However, the statements are numbered, and you may find the statements in a different order. Choose the order in which the statements are mentioned in the passage.Passage 3A. Twelve-year-old Laxmi Agarwal was walking down the street when she was attacked by a man twice her age. Enraged that she had rejected his advances, the attacker poured acid on her face, leaving her with disfigured features and a lifetime of physical and emotional pain.B. Acid attacks are brutal acts of violence that scar their victims not only physically but emotionally and psychologically as well. Yet, despite the trauma and discrimination they face, many survivors have shown incredible resilience and strength in rebuilding their lives.C. The aftermath of an acid attack is devastating, as victims are left to deal with physical injuries, trauma, and societal stigma. Reconstructive surgery is often needed to restore their appearance, but the emotional scars can be harder to heal.D. Survivors of acid attacks face numerous challenges, including medical treatment, legal battles, and societal judgment. However, many have turned their pain into power by advocating for stricter laws against acid violence and raising awareness about the issue.E. Acid attacks are a form of gender-based violence that stems from jealousy, revenge, or rejection. Victims are frequently targeted byperpetrators who seek to exert power and control over them, using acid as a weapon to disfigure and intimidate.F. Despite the physical and emotional scars they carry, acid attack survivors have shown remarkable courage and resilience in overcoming their trauma. Many have become advocates for change, speaking out against the violence and discrimination they have experienced.Part II: Vocabulary and Structure (20 points)Section ADirections: Choose the word or phrase that best completes each sentence.16. The teacher ___________ the students to study for the exam.A. suggestedB. explainedC. announcedD. mentioned17. She's always been interested in ____________ cultures and languages.A. foreignB. localC. internationalD. regional18. We ______________ a lot of rain during the rainy season.A. getB. haveC. receiveD. take19. It's important to ______________ yourself before going out in the sun.A. coverB. protectC. preserveD. maintain20. The _____________ of the matter was finally resolved after months of negotiation.A. problemB. questionC. issueD. topicSection BDirections: Complete each sentence with the correct form of the verb in parentheses.21. We ______________ (not/go) to the concert last night because we were too tired.22. The company ______________ (consider) relocating to a bigger office space.23. I ______________ (talk) to my parents on the phone when the earthquake struck.24. She ______________ (learn) Spanish for three years before moving to Spain.25. By the time I had arrived at the station, the train ______________ (leave).Part III: Writing (40 points)Directions: Write a short essay (about 300 words) on the following topic.How has the COVID-19 pandemic affected education around the world? Discuss the challenges faced by students, teachers, and educational systems, as well as the opportunities for growth and innovation in the midst of the crisis.End of Exam---以上为英语考研一模拟试题的内容，希望能够帮助您进行备考。

考研英语模拟试题1及答案

考研英语模拟试题一及答案Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Could a hug a day keep the doctor away? The answer may be a resounding "yes!" 1 helping you feel close and 2 to people you care about, it turns out that hugs can bring a 3 of health benefits to your body and mind. Believe it or not, a warm embrace might even help you 4 getting sick this winter.In a recent study 5 over 400 health adults, researchers from Carnegie Mellon University in Pennsylvania examined the effects of perceived social support and the receipt of hugs 6 the participants' susceptibility to developing the common cold after being 7 to the virus .People who perceived greater social support were less likely to come 8 with a cold ,and the researchers 9 that the stress-reducing effects of hugging 10 about 32 percent of that beneficial effect. 11 among those who got a cold, the ones who felt greater social support and received more frequent hugs had less severe 12 . "Hugging protects people who are under stress from the 13 risk for colds that's usually 14 with stress," notes Sheldon Cohen, a professor of psychology at Carnegie. Hugging "is a marker of intimacy and helps 15 the feeling that others are there to help 16 difficulty."Some experts 17 the stress-reducing , health-related benefits of hugging to the release of oxytocin, often called "the bonding hormone" 18 it promotes attachment in relationships, including that between mother and their newborn babies. Oxytocin is made primarily in the central lower part of the brain , and some of it is released into the bloodstream. But some of it 19 in the brain, where it 20 mood, behavior and physiology. 1． [A] Unlike [C] Despite [B] Besides[D]Throughout 2． [A] connected [B]restricted [C] equal [D] inferior3． [A] choice [B] view[C] lesson [D] host4． [A] recall [B] forget[C] avoid [D] keep5． [A] collecting [B] involving[C] guiding [D] affecting6． [A] of [B] in[C] at [D] on7． [A] devoted [B] exposed[C] lost [D] attracted8． [A] across [B] along[C] down [D] out9．[A] calculated[B] denied[C] doubted[D] imagined 10． [A] served [B] required[C] restored [D] explained11． [A] Even [B] Still[C] Rather [D] Thus12． [A] defeats [B] symptoms[C] tests [D] errors13． [A] minimized [B] highlighted[C] controlled [D] increased14． [A] equipped [B] associated[C] presented [D] compared15． [A] assess [B] moderate[C] generate [D] record16． [A] in the face of [B] in theform of [C] in the way of [D] in thename 17． [A] transfer [B] commit[C] attribute [D] return18． [A] because [B] unless[C] though [D] until19． [A] emerges [B] vanishes[C] remains [D] decreases20． [A] experiences [B] combines[C] justifies [D]influences Section II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A,B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1First two hours , now three hours-this is how far in advance authorities arerecommending people show up to catch a domestic flight , at least at some major U.S.airports with increasingly massive security lines.Americans are willing to tolerate time-consuming security procedures in return forincreased safety. The crash of Egypt Air Flight 804,which terrorists may have downedover the Mediterranean Sea ,provides another tragic reminder of why. But demanding too much of air travelers or providing too little security in return undermines publicsupport for the process. And it should: Wasted time is a drag on Americans' economic and private lives, not to mention infuriating.Last year, the Transportation Security Administration (TSA) found in a secret checkthat undercover investigators were able to sneak weapons---both fake and real-pastairport security nearly every time they tried .Enhanced security measures since then, combined with a rise in airline travel due to the improving Chicago's O'HareInternational .It is not yet clear how much more effective airline security has become-but the lines are obvious.Part of the issue is that the government did not anticipate the steep increase in airline travel , so the TSA is now rushing to get new screeners on the line. Part of the issue is that airports have only so much room for screening lanes. Another factor may be that more people are trying to overpack their carry-on bags to avoid checked-baggage fees, though the airlines strongly dispute this.There is one step the TSA could take that would not require remodeling airports or rushing to hire: Enroll more people in the PreCheck program. PreCheck is supposed to be a win-win for travelers and the TSA. Passengers who pass a background check are eligible to use expedited screening lanes. This allows the TSA wants to enroll 25 million people in PreCheck.It has not gotten anywhere close to that, and one big reason is sticker shock. Passengers must pay $85 every five years to process their background checks. Since the beginning, this price tag has been PreCheck's fatal flaw. Upcoming reforms might bring the price to a more reasonable level. But Congress should look into doing so directly, by helping to finance PreCheck enrollment or to cut costs in other ways.The TSA cannot continue diverting resources into underused PreCheck lanes while most of the traveling public suffers in unnecessary lines. It is long past time to make the program work.21.the crash of Egypt Air Flight 804 is mentioned to[A]stress the urgency to strengthen security worldwide.[B]highlight the necessity of upgrading major US airports.[C]explain Americans' tolerance of current security checks.[D]emphasis the importance of privacy protection.22.which of the following contributions to long waits at major airport?[A]New restrictions on carry-on bags.[B]The declining efficiency of the TSA.[C]An increase in the number of travelers.[D]Frequent unexpected secret checks.23.The word "expedited" (Line 4, Para.5) is closest in meaning to[A]faster.[B]quieter.[C]wider.[D]cheaper.24.One problem with the PreCheck program is[A]A dramatic reduction of its scale.[B]Its wrongly-directed implementation.[C]The government's reluctance to back it.[D]An unreasonable price for enrollment.25.Which of the following would be the best title for the text?[A]Less Screening for More Safety[B]PreCheck-a Belated Solution[C]Getting Stuck in Security Lines[D]Underused PreCheck LanesText 2"The ancient Hawaiians were astronomers," wrote Queen Liliuokalani, Hawaii's last reigning monarch, in 1897. Star watchers were among the most esteemed members of Hawaiian society. Sadly, all is not well with astronomy in Hawaii today. Protests have erupted over construction of the Thirty Meter Telescope(TMT), a giant observatory that promises to revolutionize humanity's view of the cosmos.At issue is the TMT's planned location on Mauna Kea, a dormant volcano worshiped by some Hawaiians as the piko , that connects the Hawaiian Islands to the heavens. But Mauna Kea is also home to some of the world's most powerful telescopes. Rested in the Pacific Ocean, Mauna Kea's peak rises above the bulk of our planet's dense atmosphere, where conditions allow telescopes to obtain images of unsurpassed clarity.Opposition to telescopes on Mauna Kea is nothing new. A small but vocal group of Hawaiians and environments have long viewed their presence as disrespect for sacred land and a painful reminder of the occupation of what was once a sovereign nation.Some blame for the current controversy belongs to astronomers. In their eagerness to build bigger telescopes, they forgot that science is the only way of understanding the world. They did not always prioritize the protection of Mauna Kea's fragile ecosystemsor its holiness to the island's inhabitants. Hawaiian culture is not a relic of the past; it is a living culture undergoing a renaissance today.Yet science has a cultural history, too, with roots going back to the dawn of civilization. The same curiosity to find what lies beyond the horizon that first brought early Polynesians to Hawaii's shores inspires astronomers today to explore the heavens. Calls to disassemble all telescopes on Mauna Kea or to ban future development there ignore the reality that astronomy and Hawaiian culture both seek to answer big questions about who we are, where we come from and where we are going. Perhaps that is why we explore the starry skies, as if answering a primal calling to know ourselves and ourtrue ancestral homes.The astronomy community is making compromises to change its use of Mauna Kea. The TMT site was chosen to minimize the telescope's visibility around the island and to avoid archaeological and environmental impact. To limit the number of telescopes on Mauna Kea, old ones will be removed at the end of their lifetimes and their sites returned to a natural state. There is no reason why everyone cannot be welcomed on Mauna Kea to embrace their cultural heritage and to study the stars.26.Queen Liliuokalani's remark in Paragraph 1 indicates[A]its conservative view on the historical role of astronomy.[B]the importance of astronomy in ancient Hawaiian society.[C]the regrettable decline of astronomy in ancient times.[D]her appreciation of star watchers' feats in her time.27.Mauna Kea is deemed as an ideal astronomical site due to[A]its geographical features[B]its protective surroundings.[C]its religious implications.[D]its existing infrastructure.28.The construction of the TMT is opposed by some locals partly because[A]it may risk ruining their intellectual life.[B]it reminds them of a humiliating history.[C]their culture will lose a chance of revival.[D]they fear losing control of Mauna Kea.29.It can be inferred from Paragraph 5 that progress in today's astronomy[A]is fulfilling the dreams of ancient Hawaiians.[B]helps spread Hawaiian culture across the world.[C]may uncover the origin of Hawaiian culture.[D]will eventually soften Hawaiians' hostility.30.The author's attitude toward choosing Mauna Kea as the TMT site is one of[A]severe criticism.[B]passive acceptance.[C]slight hesitancy.[D]full approval.Text 3Robert F. Kennedy once said that a country's GDP measures "everything except that which makes life worthwhile." With Britain voting to leave the European Union, and GDP already predicted to slow as a result, it is now a timely moment to assess what he was referring to.The question of GDP and its usefulness has annoyed policymakers for over half a century. Many argue that it is a flawed concept. It measures things that do not matter and misses things that do. By most recent measures, the UK's GDP has been the envy ofthe Western world, with record low unemployment and high growth figures. If everything was going so well, then why did over 17 million people vote for Brexit, despite the warnings about what it could do to their country's economic prospects?A recent annual study of countries and their ability to convert growth into well-being sheds some light on that question. Across the 163 countries measured, the UK is one of the poorest performers in ensuring that economic growth is translated into meaningful improvements for its citizens. Rather than just focusing on GDP, over 40 different sets of criteria from health, education and civil society engagement have been measured to get a more rounded assessment of how countries are performing.While all of these countries face their own challenges , there are a number of consistent themes . Yes , there has been a budding economic recovery since the 2008 global crash , but in key indicators in areas such as health and education , major economies have continued to decline . Yet this isn't the case with all countries . Some relatively poor European countries have seen huge improvements across measures including civil society , income equality and the environment.This is a lesson that rich countries can learn : When GDP is no longer regarded as the sole measure of a country's success, the world looks very different .So, what Kennedy was referring to was that while GDP has been the most common method for measuring the economic activity of nations , as a measure , it is no longer enough . It does not include important factors such as environmental quality or education outcomes - all things that contribute to a person's sense of well-being.The sharp hit to growth predicted around the world and in the UK could lead to a decline in the everyday services we depend on for our well-being and for growth . But policymakers who refocus efforts on improving well-being rather than simply worrying about GDP figures could avoid the forecasted doom and may even see progress .31.Robert F. Kennedy is cited because he[A]praised the UK for its GDP.[B]identified GDP with happiness .[C]misinterpreted the role of GDP .[D]had a low opinion of GDP .32.It can be inferred from Paragraph 2 that[A]the UK is reluctant to remold its economic pattern .[B]GDP as the measure of success is widely defied in the UK .[C]the UK will contribute less to the world economy .[D]policymakers in the UK are paying less attention to GDP . 33.Which of the following is true about the recent annual study[A]It is sponsored by 163 countries .[B]It excludes GDP as an indicator.[C]Its criteria are questionable .[D]Its results are enlightening .34.In the last two paragraphs , the author suggests that[A]the UK is preparing for an economic boom .[B]high GDP foreshadows an economic decline .[C]it is essential to consider factors beyond GDP .[D]it requires caution to handle economic issues .35.Which of the following is the best title for the text ?[A]High GDP But Inadequate Well-being , a UK Lesson[B]GDP Figures, a Window on Global Economic Health[C]Rebort F.Kennedy, a Terminator of GDP[D]Brexit, the UK's Gateway to Well-beingText 4In a rare unanimous ruling, the US Supreme Court has overturned the corruption conviction of a former Virginia governor, Robert McDonnell. But it did so while holding its nose at the ethics of his conduct, which included accepting gifts such as a Rolex watch and a Ferrari automobile from a company seeking access to government.The high court's decision said the judge in Mr. McDonnell's trial failed to tell a jury that it must look only at his "official acts," or the former governor's decisions on "specific" and "unsettled" issues related to his duties.Merely helping a gift-giver gain access to other officials, unless done with clear intent to pressure those officials, is not corruption, the justices found.The court did suggest that accepting favors in return for opening doors is "distasteful" and "nasty." But under anti-bribery laws, proof must be made of concrete benefits, such as approval of a contract or regulation. Simply arranging a meeting, making a phone call, or hosting an event is not an "official act".The court's ruling is legally sound in defining a kind of favoritism that is not criminal. Elected leaders must be allowed to help supporters deal with bureaucratic problems without fear of prosecution for bribery." The basic compact underlying representative government," wrote Chief Justice John Roberts for the court," assumes that public officials will hear from their constituents and act on their concerns."But the ruling reinforces the need for citizens and their elected representatives, not the courts, to ensure equality of access to government. Officials must not be allowed to play favorites in providing information or in arranging meetings simply because an individual or group provides a campaign donation or a personal gift. This type of integrity requires well-enforced laws in government transparency, such as records of official meetings, rules on lobbying, and information about each elected leader's source of wealth.Favoritism in official access can fan public perceptions of corruption. But it is not always corruption. Rather officials must avoid double standards, or different types of access for average people and the wealthy. If connections can be bought, a basic premise of democratic society-that all are equal in treatment by government-is undermined. Good governance rests on an understanding of the inherent worth of each individual.The court's ruling is a step forward in the struggle against both corruption and official favoritism.36.The undermined sentence (Para.1) most probably shows that the court[A]avoided defining the extent of McDonnell's duties.[B]made no compromise in convicting McDonnell.[C]was contemptuous of McDonnell's conduct.[D]refused to comment on McDonnell's ethics.37.According to Paragraph 4, an official act is deemed corruptive only if it involves[A]leaking secrets intentionally.[B]sizable gains in the form of gifts.[C]concrete returns for gift-givers.[D]breaking contracts officially.38.The court's ruling is based on the assumption that public officials are[A]justified in addressing the needs of their constituents.[B]qualified to deal independently with bureaucratic issues.[C]allowed to focus on the concerns of their supporters.[D]exempt from conviction on the charge of favoritism.39.Well-enforced laws in government transparency are needed to[A]awaken the conscience of officials.[B]guarantee fair play in official access.[C]allow for certain kinds of lobbying.[D]inspire hopes in average people.40.The author's attitude toward the court's ruling is[A]sarcastic.[B]tolerant.[C]skeptical.[D]supportivePart BDirections:The following paragraphs are given in a wrong order. For Questions 41-45, you are required to reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent article by choosing from thelist A-G to filling them into the numbered box. Paragraphs B and D have been correctly placed. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)[A]The first published sketch, "A Dinner at Poplar Walk" brought tears to Dickens's eyes when he discovered it in the pages of The Monthly Magazine. From then on hissketches ,which appeared under the pen name "Boz" in The Evening Chronicle, earned him a modest reputation.[B]The runaway success of The Pickwick Papers, as it is generally known today, secured Dickens's fame. There were Pickwick coats and Pickwick cigars, and the plump, spectacled hero, Samuel Pickwick, became a national figure.[C]Soon after Sketches by Boz appeared, a publishing firm approached Dickens to write a story in monthly installments, as a backdrop for a series of woodcuts by theten-famous artist Robert Seymour, who had originated the idea for the story. With characteristic confidence, Dickens successfully insisted that Seymour's pictures illustrate his own story instead. After the first installment, Dickens wrote to theartist and asked him to correct a drawing Dickens felt was not faithful enough to his prose. Seymour made the change, went into his backyard, and expressed his displeasure by committing suicide. Dickens and his publishers simply pressed on with a new artist. The comic novel, The Posthumous Papers of the Pickwick Club, appeared serially in 1836 and 1837, and was first published in book form in 1837.[D]Charles Dickens is probably the best-known and, to many people, the greatest English novelist of the 19th century. A moralist, satirist, and social reformer. Dickens crafted complex plots and striking characters that capture the panorama of English society.[E]Soon after his father's release from prison, Dickens got a better job as errand boy in law offices. He taught himself shorthand to get an even better job later as a court stenographer and as a reporter in Parliament. At the same time, Dickens, who had a reporter's eye for transcribing the life around him especially anything comic or odd, submitted short sketches to obscure magazines.[F]Dickens was born in Portsmouth, on England's southern coast. His father was a clerk in the British navy pay office -a respectable position, but wish little social status. His paternal grandparents, a steward and a housekeeper possessed even less status, having been servants, and Dickens later concealed their background. Dicken's mother supposedly came from a more respectable family. Yet two years before Dicken's birth, his mother's father was caught stealing and fled to Europe, never to return. The family's increasing poverty forced Dickens out of school at age 12 to work in Warren's Blacking Warehouse, a shoe-polish factory, where the other working boys mocked him as "the young gentleman." His father was then imprisoned for debt. The humiliations of his father's imprisonment and his labor in the blacking factory formed Dicken's greatest wound and became his deepest secret. He could not confide them even to his wife, although they provide the unacknowledged foundation of his fiction.[G]After Pickwick, Dickens plunged into a bleaker world. In Oliver Twist, e traces an orphan's progress from the workhouse to the criminal slums of London. Nicholas Nickleby, his next novel, combines the darkness of Oliver Twist with the sunlight of Pickwick. The popularity of these novels consolidated Dichens' as a nationally and internationally celebrated man of letters.D → 41. → 42. → 43. → 44. → B →45.答案】41.[F] Dickens was born in Portsmouth42.[E] Soon after his father's release from prison43.[A]The first published sketch44.[C]Soon after Sketches by Boz appeared45.[G] After Pickwick, Dickens plunged into a bleaker worldPart CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points) The growth of the use of English as the world`s primary language for international communication has obviously been continuing for several decades.(46)But even as the number of English speakers expands further there are signs that the global predominance of the language may fade within the foreseeable future.Complex international, economic, technological and culture change could start to diminish the leading position of English as the language of the world market, and UK interests which enjoy advantage from the breath of English usage would consequently face new pressures. Those realistic possibilities are highlighted in the study presented by David Graddol(47)His analysis should therefore end any self-contentedness among those who may believe that the global position of English is so stable that the young generation ofthe United Kingdom do not need additional language capabilities.David Graddol concludes that monoglot English graduates face a bleak economic future as qualified multilingual youngsters from other countries are proving to have a competitive advantage over their British counterparts in global companies and organizations. Alongside that,(48)many countries are introducing English into the primary-school curriculum but British schoolchildren and students do not appear to be gaining greater encouragement to achieve fluency in other languages.If left to themselves, such trends will diminish the relative strength of the English language in international education markets as the demand for educational resources in languages, such as Spanish ,Arabic or Mandarin grows and international business process outsourcing in other language such as Japanese, French and German, spreads.(49)The changes identified by David Graddol all present clear and major challenges to UK`s providers of English language teaching to people of other countries and to broader education business sectors. The English language teaching sector directly earns nearly &1.3 billion for the UK in invisible exports and our other education related explores earn up to &10 billion a year more. As the international education market expands, the recent slowdown in the number of international students studying in the main English-speaking countries is likely to continue, especially if there are noeffective strategic policies to prevent such slippage.The anticipation of possible shifts in demand provided by this study issignificant:(50) It gives a basis to all organization which seek to promote the learning and very different operating environment. That is a necessary and practical approach. In this as in much else, those who wish to influence the future must prepare for it.【答案】(46) 但是即使当下英语使用者的人群还在进一步扩大，有迹象表明：在可预见的未来，英语可能会逐渐失去其全球主导地位。

2022年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语(一)模拟卷

2022年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语(一)模拟卷（江南博哥）材料题根据下面资料，回答1-20题Decades of scientific research show that stress and anxiety are prevalent problems at work, contributing to deficits in employee morale, well-being, andproductivity.1anxiety is caused by a range of2, including issues unrelated to people's jobs, one common and3cause is something specific to the workplace: incompetent leadership.Managers and leaders have a4effect on their employees' stress and anxiety levels.5they say, feel, and do hugely influences their team's6and emotionalwell-being. And the more senior leaders are, the more people they are likely to influence—positively and7.8sadly, far too few leaders are aware that they have this power. And many are overconfident in their leadership skills,9a gap between their perceived and actual levels of10. This explains why even well-meaning bosses may inadvertently11high anxiety levels in their employees and have a12capacity to correct and improve their behavior：13you think you are leading effectively, what is the point of changing?It is for this14that leaders must pay a great deal of15to how they act and communicate. The importance of this is exacerbated during times of increased uncertainty,16we often look to leaders to guide us in the face of fear, to provide uswith17and direction, and, most of all, to give us reasons to18hopeful and optimistic.If you are a manager or a leader, it is useful to19some key psychological lessons about how your behavior—what you say, do, feel, and express—20your team, especially when you are not aware of it.1 [单选题]第（1）题选A.BecauseB.SinceC.WhileD.When正确答案：C参考解析：空格处需要填入一个连词，体现前后两个分句的逻辑关系。

考研英语一模拟练习

考研英语一模拟练习Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark [A], [B], [C], or [D] on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)Even if families don’t sit down to eat together as frequently as before, millions of Britons will nonetheless have got a share this weekend of one of that nation’s great traditions: the Sunday roast. 1 a cold winter’s day, few culinary pleasures can 2 it. Yet as we report now. The food police are determined our health. That this 3should be rendered yet another quality pleasure 4 to damage our health.The Food Standards Authority (FSA) has 5 a public worming about the risks of a compound called acrylamide that forms in some foods cooked 6 high temperatures. This means that people should 7 crisping their roast potatoes, reject thin—crust pizzas and only 8toast their bread. But where is the evidence to support such alarmist advice? 9 studies have shown that acrylamide can cause neurological damage in mice, there is no 10 evidence that it causes cancer in humans.Scientists say the compound is 11to cause cancer but have no hard scientific proof 12 the precautionary principle it could be argued that it is 13 to follow the FSA advice. 14, it was rumoured that smoking caused cancer for years before the evidence was found to prove a 15.Doubtless a piece of boiled beef can always be 16 up on Sunday alongside some steamed vegetables, without the Yorkshire pudding and no wine. But would life be worth living? 17, the FSA says it is not telling people to cut out roast foods 18, but reduce their lifetime intake. However its 19 risks coming a cross as being pushy and overprotective. Constant health scares just 20 with one listening.1. [A] In[B] Towards[C] On[D] Till2. [A] match[B] express[C] satisfy[D] influence3. [A] patience[B] enjoyment[C] surprise[D] concern4 .[A] intensified[B] privileged[C] compelled[D] guaranteed5. [A] issued[B] received[C] compelled[D] guaranteed6. [A] under[B] at[C] for[D] by7. [A] forget[B] regret[C] finish[D] avoid8. [A] partially[B] regularly[C] easily[D] initially9. [A] Unless[B] Since[C] If[D] While10. [A] secondary[B] external[C] conclusive[D] negative11. [A] insufficient[B] bound[C] likely[D] slow12. [A] On the basis of[B] At the cost of[C] In addition to[D] In contrast to13. [A] interesting[B] advisable[C] urgent[D] fortunate14. [A] As usual[B] In particular[C] By definition[D] After all15. [A] resemblance[B] combination[C] connection[D] pattern16. [A] made[B] served[C] saved[D] used17. [A] To be fair[B] For instance[C] To be brief[D] In general18. [A] reluctantly[B] entirely[C] gradually[D] carefully19. [A] promise[B] experience[C] campaign[D] competition20. [A] follow up[B] pick up[C] open up[D] end up .Section II Reading ComprehensionPart A Directions:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A], [B], [C], or [D]. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1A group of labour MPs, among them Yvette Cooper, arebringing in the new year with a call to institute a UK “town of culture” award. The proposal is that it should sit alongside the existing city of culture title, which was held by Hull in 2017 and has been awarded to Coventry for zoz1. Cooper and her colleagues argue that the success of the crown for Hull, where it brought in £220m of investment and an avalanche of arts, out not to be confined to cities. Britain’ town, it is true are not prevented from applying, but they generally lack the resources to put together a bit to beat their bigger competitions. A town of culture award could, it is argued, become an annual event, attracting funding and creating jobs.Some might see the proposal as a boo by prize for the fact that Britain is no longer be able to apply for the much more prestigious title of European capital of culture, a sough-after award bagged by Glasgow in 1990 and Liverpool in 2008. A cynic might speculate that the UK is on theverge of disappearing into an endless fever of self-celebration in its desperation to reinvent itself for the post-Brexit world: after town of culture, who knows that will follow— village of culture? Suburb of culture? Hamlet of culture?It is also wise lo recall that such titles are not a cure-all.A badly run “year of culture” washes in and out of a place like the tide, bringing prominence for a spell but leaving no lasting benefits to the community. The really successful holders of such titles are those that do a great deal more than fill hotel bedrooms and bring in high-profile arts events and good press for a year. They transform the aspirations of the people who live there; they nudge the self-image of the city into a bolder and more optimistic light. It is hard to get right, and requires a remarkable degree of vision, as well as cooperation between city authorities, the private sector, community. groups and cultural organisations. But it can be done: Glasgow’s year as European capital of culture can certainly be seen as one of complex series of factors that have turned the city into the power of art, music and theatre that it remains today.A “town of culture” could be not just about the arts but about honouring a town’s peculiarities—helping sustain its high street, supporting local facilities and above all celebrating its people and turn it into action.21. Cooper and her colleagues argue that a “town of culture”award could[A] consolidate the town-city ties in Britain.[B] promote cooperation among Britain’s towns.[C] increase the economic strength of Britain’s towns.[D] focus Britain’s limited resources on cultural events.22. According to Paragraph 2, the proposal might be regarded by some as[A] a sensible compromise.[B] a self-deceiving attempt.[C] an eye-catching bonus.[D] an inaccessible target.23. The author suggests that a title holder is successful only if it[A] endeavours to maintain its image.[B] meets the aspirations of its people.[C] brings its local arts to prominence.[D] commits to its long-term growth.24. Glasgow is mentioned in Paragraph 3 to present[A] a contrasting case. (B] a supporting example.[C] a background story.[D] a related topic.25. What is the author’s attitude towards the proposal?[A] Skeptical.[B] Objective.[C] Favourable.[D] Critical.Text 2Scientific publishing has long been a licence to print money. Scientists need journals in which to publish their research, so they will supply the articles without monetary reward. Other scientists perform the specialised work of peer review also for free, because it is a central element in the acquisition of status and the production of scientific knowledge.With the content of papers secured for free, the publisher needs only find a market for its journal. Until this century, university libraries were not very price sensitive. Scientific publishers routinely report profit margins approaching 40% on their operations, at a time when the rest of the publishing industry is in an existential crisis.The Dutch giant Elsevier, which claims to publish 25% of the scientific papers produced in the world, made profits of more than £900m last year, while UK universities alone spent more than £210m in 2016 to enable researchers to access their own publicly funded research; both figures seem to riseunstoppably despite increasingly desperate efforts to change them.The most drastic, and thoroughly illegal, reaction has been the emergence of Sci-Hub, a kind of global photocopier for scientific papers, set up in 2012, which now claims to offer access to every paywalled article published since 2015. The success of Sci-Hub, which relies on researchers passing on copies they have themselves legally accessed, shows the legal ecosystem has lost legitimacy among is users and must be transformed so that it works for all participants.In Britain the move towards open access publishing has been driven by funding bodies. In some ways it has been very successful. More than half of all British scientific research is nowpublished under open access terms: either freely available from the moment of publication, or paywalled for a year or more so that the publishers can make a profit before being placed on general release.Yet the new system has not worked out any cheaper for the universities. Publishers have responded to the demand that they make their product free to readers by charging their writers fees to cover the costs of preparing an article. These rangefrom around £500 to $5,000. A report last year pointed out that the costs both of subscriptions and of these “article preparation costs" had been steadily rising at a rate above inflation. In some ways the scientific publishing model resembles the economy of the social internet: labour is provided free in exchange for the hope of status, while huge profits are made by a few big firms who run the market places. In both cases, we need a rebalancing of power.26. Scientific publishing is seen as “a licence to print money” partly because[A] its funding has enjoyed a steady increase.[B] its marketing strategy has been successful.[C] its payment for peer review is reduced.[D] its content acquisition costs nothing.27. According to Paragraphs 2 and 3, scientific publishers Elsevier have[A] thrived mainly on university libraries.[B] gone through an existential crisis.[C] revived the publishing industry.[D] financed researchers generously.28. How does the author feel about the success of Sci-Hub?[A] Relieved.[B] Puzzled.[C] Concerned.[D] Encouraged.29. It can be learned from Paragraphs 5 and 6 that open access terms .[A] allow publishers some room to make money.[B] render publishing much easier for scientists.[C] reduce the cost of publication substantially[D] free universities from financial burdens.30. Which of the following characteristics the scientific publishing model?[A] Trial subscription is offered.[B] Labour triumphs over status.[C] Costs are well controlled. [D]The few feed on the many.Text 3Progressives often support diversity mandates as a path to equality and a way to level the playing field. But all too often such policies are an insincere form of virtue-signaling that benefits only the most privileged and does little to help average people.A pair of bills sponsored by Massachusetts state Senator Jason Lewis and House Speaker Pro Tempore Patricia Haddad, to ensure “gender parity” on boards and commissions, provide a case inpoint.Haddad and Lewis are concerned that more than half the state-government boards are less than 40 percent female. In order to ensure that elite women have more such opportunities, they have proposed imposing government quotas. If the bills become law, state boards and commissions will be required to set aside 50 percent of board seats for women by 2022.The bills are similar to a measure recently adopted in California, which last year became the first state to require gender quotas for private companies. In signing the measure, California Governor Jerry Brown admitted that the law, which expressly classifies people on the basis of sex, is probably unconstitutional.The US Supreme Court frowns on sex-based classifications unless they are designed to address an “important” policy interest, Because the California law applies to all boards, even where there is no history of prior discrimination, courts are likely to rule that the law violates the constitutionalguarantee of “equal protection”.But are such government mandates even necessary? Female participation on corporate boards may not currently mirror the percentage of women in the general population, but so what?The number of women on corporate boards has been steadily increasing without government interference. According to a study by Catalyst, between 2010 and 2015 the share of women on the boards of global corporations increased by 54 percent.Requiring companies to make gender the primary qualification for board membership will inevitably lead to less experienced private sector boards. That is exactly what happened when Norway adopted a nationwide corporate gender quota.Writing in The New Republic, Alice Lee notes that increasing the number of opportunities for board membership without increasing the pool of qualified women to serve on such boards has led to a “golden skirt” phenomenon. where the same elite women scoop up multiple seats on a variety of boards.Next time somebody pushes corporate quotas as a way to promote gender equity, remember that such policies are largely self-serving measures that make their sponsors feel good but do little to help average women.31. The author believes hat the bills sponsored by Lewis and Haddad will[A] help lite to reduce gender bias.[B] pose a threat to the state government.[C] raise women’s position in politics.[D] greatly broaden career options.32. Which of the following is true of the California measure?[A] It has irritated private business owners.[B] It is welcomed by the Supreme Court. [C]It may go against the Constitution.[D] It will settle the prior controversies.33. The author mentions the study by Catalyst to illustrate[A] the harm from arbitrary board decision.[B] the importance of constitutional guarantees.[C] the pressure on women in global corporations.[D] the needlessness of government interventions.34. Norway’s adoption of a nationwide corporate gender quota has led to[A] the underestimation of elite women’s role.[B] the objection to female participation on bards.[C] the entry of unqualified candidates into the board.[D] the growing tension between Labor and management.35. Which of the following can be inferred from the text?IAI Women’s need in employment should be considered[B] Feasibility should be a prime concern in policymaking.[C] Everyone should try hard to promote social justice.[D] Major social issues should be the focus of legislation.Text 4Last Thursday, the French Senate passed a digital services tax, which would impose an entirely new tax on large multinationals that provide digital services to consumers or users in France. Digital services include everything from providing a platform for selling goods and services online to targeting advertising based on user data. and the tax applies to gross revenue from such services. Many French politicians and media outlets have referred to this as a“GAFA tax," meaning that it is designed to apply primarily to companies such as Google, Apple, Facebook and Amazon —in other words, multinational tech companies based in the United States.The digital services tax now awaits the signature ofPresident Emmanuel Macron, who has expressed support for the measure, and it could go into effect within the next few weeks. But it has already sparked significant controversy, with the Unite States trade representative opening an investigation into whether the tax discriminates against American companies, which in turn could lead to trade sanctions against France.The French tax is not just a unilateral move by one country in need of revenue. Instead, the digital services tax is part of a much larger trend, with countries over the past few years proposing or putting in place an alphabet soup of new international tax provisions. These have included Britain's DPT (diverted profits tax), Australia's MAAL (multinational antiavoidance law), and India's SEP (significant economic presence) test, to. name but a few. At the same time, the European Union, Spain, Britain and several other countries have all seriously contemplated digital services taxes.These unilateral developments differ in their specifics, but they are all designed to tax multinationals on income and revenue that countries believe they should have a right to tax, even if international tax rules do not grant them that right. In other words, they all share a view that the international tax system has failed to keep up with the current economy.In response to these many unilateral measures, the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) is currently working with 131 countries to reach a consensus by the end of 2020 on an international solution. Both France and the United States are involved in the organization's work, but France's digital services tax and the American response raise questions about what the future holds for the international tax system.France's planned tax is a clear waning: Unless a broad consensus can be reached on reforming the international tax system. other nations are likely to follow suit, and American companies will face a cascade of different taxes from dozens of nations that will proveburdensome and costly.36. The French Senate has passed a bill to[A] regulate digital services platforms.[B] protect French companies' interests.[C] impose a levy on tech multinationals.[D] curb the influence of advertising.37. It can be learned from Paragraph 2 that the digital services tax[A] may trigger countermeasures against France.[B] is apt to arouse criticism at home and abroad.[C] aims to ease international trade tensions.[D] will prompt the tech giants to quit France.38. The countries adopting the unilateral measures share the opinion that[A] redistribution of tech giants' revenue must be ensured.[B] the current international tax system needs upgrading[C] tech multinationals' monopoly should be prevented.[D] all countries ought to enjoy equal taxing rights.39. It can be learned from Paragraph 5 that the OECO's current work[A] is being resisted by US companies.[B] needs to be readjusted immediately.[C] is faced with uncertain prospects.[D] needs to involve more countries.40. Which of the following might be the best title for this text?[A] France Is Confronted with Trade Sanctions[B] France leads the charge on Digital Tax [C]France Says "NO" to Tech Multinationals[D] France Demands a Role in the Digital EconomyPart B Directions:Read the following text and answer the questions by choosing the most suitable subheading from the A-G for each of the numbered paragraph (41-45). There are two extra subheadings. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)[A] Eye fixations are brief[B] Too much eye contact is instinctively felt to rude[C] Eye contact can be a friendly social signal[D] Personality can affect how a person reacts to eye contact[E] Biological factors behind eye contact are being investigated[F] Most people are not comfortable holding eye contact with strangers[G] Eye contact can also be aggressive.In a social situation, eye contact with another person can show that you are paying attention in a friendly way. But it can also be antagonistic such as when a political candidate turns toward their competitor during a debate and makes eye contact that signals hostility. Here’s what hardscience reveals about eye contact:41.We know that a typical infant will instinctively gaze into its mother’s eyes, and she will look back. This mutual gaze is a major part of the attachment between mother and child. In adulthood, looking someone else in a pleasant way can be a complimentary sign of paying attention. It can catch someone’s attention in a crowded room, “Eye contact and smile” can signal availability and confidence, a common-sense notion supported in studies by psychologist Monica Moore.42Neuroscientist Bonnie Augeung found that the hormone oxytocin increased the amount of eye contact from men toward the interviewer during a brief interview when the direction of their gaze was recorded. This was also found in high-functioning men with some autistic spectrum symptoms, who may tend to avoid eye contact. Specific brain regions that respond during direct gaze are being explored by other researches, using advanced methods of brain scanning.43With the use of eye-tracking technology, Julia Minson of the Harvard Kennedy School of Government concluded that eye contact can signal very different kinds of messages, depending on the situation. While eye contact may be a sign of connectionor trust in friendly sit uations, it’s more likely to be associated with dominance or intimidation in adversarial situations. “Whether you're a politician or a parent, it might be helpful to keep in mind that trying to maintain eye contact may backfire if you're trying to convince someone who has a different set of beliefs than you,” said Minson.44When we look at a face or a picture, our eyes pause on one spot at a time, often on the eyes or mouth. These pauses typically occur at about three per second, and the eyes then jump to another spot, until several important points in the image are registered like a series of snapshots. How the whole image is then assembled and perceived is still a mystery although it is the subject of current research.45.In people who score high in a test of neuroticism, a personality dimension associated with self-consciousness and anxiety, eye contact triggered more activity associated with avoidance, according to the Finnish researcher Jari Hietanen and colleagues. “Our findings indicate that people do not only feel different when they are the centre of attention but that their brain reactions also differ.” A more direct finding isthat people who scored high for negative emotions like anxiety looked at others for shorter periods of time and reported more comfortable feelings when others did not look directly at them.Part C Directions:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Following the explosion of creativity in Florence during the 14th century known as the Renaissance, the modern world saw a departure from what it had once known. It turned from Godand the authority of the Roman Catholic Church and instead favoured a more humanistic approach to being. Renaissance ideas had spread throughout Europe well into the 17th century, with the arts and sciences flourishing extraordinarily among those with a more logical disposition. (46)With the Church’s teachings and ways of thinking eclipsed by the Renaissance, the gap between the Medieval and modem periods had been bridged leading to new and unexplored intellectual territories.During the Renaissance, the great minds of Nicolaus Copernicus, Johannes Kepler and Galileo Galilei demonstrated the power of scientific study and discovery. (47)Before each of their revelations, many thinkers at the time had sustainedmore ancient ways of thinking, including the geo-centric view that the Earth was at the centre of our universe. Copernicus theorized in 1543 that all of the planets that we knew of revolved not around the Earth, but the Sun, a system that was later upheld by Galileo at his own expense. Offering up such a theory during a time of high tension between scientific and religious minds was branded as heresy, and any such heretics that continued to spread these lies were to be punished by imprisonment or even death.(48)Despite attempts by the Church to suppress this new generation of logicians and rationalists, more explanations for how the universe functioned were being made at a rate that the people could no longer ignore. It was with these great revelations that a new kind of philosophy founded in reason was born.The Church’s long standing dogma was losing the great battle for truth to rationalists and scientists. This very fact embodied the new ways of thinking that swept through Europe during most of 17th century. (49)As many took on the duty of trying to integrate reasoning and scientific philosophies into the world, the Renaissance was over and it was time for a new era—the Age of Reason.The 17th and 18th centuries were times of radical change and curiosity. Scientific method, reductionism and the questioning of Church ideals was to be encouraged, as were ideas of liberty, tolerance and progress. (50) Such actions to seek knowledge and to understand what information we already knew were captured by the Latin phrase ‘sapere aude’ or ‘dare to know’, after Immanuel Kant used it in his essay “An Answer to the Question: What is Enlightenment?”. It was the purpose and responsibility of great minds to go forth and seek out the truth, which they believed to be founded in knowledge.Section III WritingPart A51. Directions:The student union of your university has assigned you to inform the international students about an upcoming singing contest. Write a notice in about 100 words.Write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not use your own name in the notice. (10 points)Part B52. Directions:Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the picturesbelow. In your essay, you should1) describe the picture briefly,2) interpret the implied meaning, and3) give your comments.Write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET. (20 points)。

英语考研模考试题及答案

英语考研模考试题及答案一、阅读理解（共20分，每题2分）1. What is the main idea of the passage?A) The importance of environmental protection.B) The impact of technology on the environment.C) The benefits of sustainable development.D) The challenges of urbanization.答案：B2. According to the author, which of the following is the most effective way to reduce pollution?A) Recycling.B) Using public transportation.C) Planting more trees.D) Developing renewable energy.答案：D3. What does the author suggest about the future of cities?A) They will become more crowded.B) They will rely more on technology.C) They will be more sustainable.D) They will have fewer natural resources.答案：C4. What is the author's opinion on the role of individuals in environmental protection?A) It is not significant.B) It is crucial.C) It is limited.D) It is optional.答案：B5. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage asa solution to environmental problems?A) Reducing waste.B) Encouraging carpooling.C) Implementing stricter regulations.D) Banning the use of plastics.答案：D二、完形填空（共20分，每题1分）In recent years, there has been a growing awareness of the importance of environmental protection. Many people are now taking action to reduce their carbon footprint and live more sustainable lifestyles. However, it is not just individuals who can make a difference; businesses and governments also have a role to play.6. ______, the environment is a global issue that affects everyone.A) ThereforeB) ConsequentlyC) MoreoverD) Otherwise答案：A7. ______, many companies have started to implement eco-friendly practices.A) As a resultB) In additionC) On the other handD) For instance答案：A8. ______, governments have introduced new laws to regulate pollution.A) SimilarlyB) LikewiseC) ConverselyD) Nevertheless答案：B9. ______, it is important to remember that change starts at home.A) FurthermoreB) AdditionallyC) HoweverD) Therefore答案：C10. ______, individuals can make a significant impact by adopting green habits.A) In conclusionB) In summaryC) UltimatelyD) Finally答案：C三、翻译（共20分，每题5分）11. 随着科技的发展，人们越来越依赖于互联网。

河南考研英语一模拟试题

河南考研英语一模拟试题一、阅读理解阅读下面的短文，从每题所给的四个选项中选出最佳答案。

Once upon a time, a shopkeeper put a sign in his window that read "Puppies for Sale." The sign brought lots of young children into the store, and they chattered about various breeds. But soon an old man approached. "They're so cute," said the old man, "but I'm looking for a friend, not just a pet." The old man pointed to a lone puppy sitting in the corner. "What about that one?"The shopkeeper explained that the little puppy had been born with a deformed leg and would never run or play like the other dogs. The old man leaned down and gently touched the puppy's head. "That's the friend I am looking for," he said. "I'll take him."Years passed, and the old man and the puppy, named Tiny, became inseparable. Tiny quickly learned to hop around on three legs and could even keep up with his owner on long walks. The town's children would laugh and point at Tiny, but the old man simply smiled and kept walking.One stormy night, an earthquake shook the town and a fire broke out in the old man's home. People rushed to help, but the flames were too strong for anyone to enter the burning building. Suddenly, Tiny ran into the chaos. Barking and tugging at the firefighters, Tiny led them to the old man, who was trapped inside. Thanks to Tiny's bravery, the old man was saved.After the fire, the old man and Tiny were hailed as heroes. The children who used to laugh at Tiny now admired him. The shopkeeper felt ashamed for having doubted Tiny's ability to be a true friend. From that day on, Tiny was not seen as a disabled dog, but as a loyal companion and a superhero in the eyes of the townspeople.1. Why did the shopkeeper put a sign in his window?A. To attract more customers to his shop.B. To inform people about the puppies for sale.C. To show off the different breeds of the puppies.D. To advertise the puppies for sale.2. What distinguished Tiny from the other puppies?A. Tiny was the smallest puppy in the store.B. Tiny was the only puppy with a deformed leg.C. Tiny was the most playful puppy in the store.D. Tiny was the oldest puppy in the store.3. How did Tiny prove to be a true friend to the old man?A. By running away from the old man during storms.B. By staying by the old man's side through thick and thin.C. By being the most popular dog in the town.D. By showing off his jumping skills to the other dogs.4. What happened during the stormy night?A. Tiny got lost and the old man couldn't find him.B. A fire broke out in the old man's home.C. Tiny fell and hurt his deformed leg.D. People rushed to buy the puppies for sale.5. How did the townspeople view Tiny after the fire?A. They still mocked him and laughed at his disabilities.B. They admired him for his bravery and loyalty.C. They felt sorry for him and gave him special treatment.D. They were indifferent to his heroic actions.二、作文请根据以下题目，写一篇短文。

考研英语考试模拟试题

考研英语考试模拟试题一、阅读理解Passage 1The economic downturn in the Western world has cast a shadow over developing nations, whose economic health is closely tied to that of the rich countries. A sharp decline in Western demand for goods and services has had already caused a significant drop in export earnings for developing nations. Despite this, many such countries are better prepared to face such a crisis than they would have been a few years ago.One reason why many developing nations are in a better position today is that they have taken advantage of the past few years of relatively strong economic growth to build up substantial financial reserves. As a result, they can now cushion the impact of falling export revenues on government spending programs.Moreover, developing nations have benefited from the drop in global oil prices in the past few months. The sharp decline in oil prices has brought welcome relief to countries that must import crude oil and gas, thus helping to stabilize their finances.Overall, while developing nations are not immune from global economic turmoil, many have made strides in recent years that have enhanced their ability to weather a crisis.1. What is the main topic of the passage?A. The causes of the economic downturn in the Western world.B. The impact of the economic downturn on developing nations.C. The reasons why developing nations are in a better position to face the crisis.D. The role of financial reserves in stabilizing the economies of developing nations.2. According to the passage, which of the following has contributed to the ability of developing nations to face the economic downturn?A. A sharp increase in Western demand for goods and services.B. Substantial financial reserves built up during years of strong economic growth.C. A rise in global oil prices in the past few months.D. A decline in government spending programs.3. The word "cushion" in the passage is closest in meaning to:A. softenB. worsenC. changeD. ignorePassage 2The rise of social media has transformed the way people communicate with each other, with profound implications for society. One aspect of this transformation is the rapid dissemination of information and ideas acrosslarge numbers of people in a matter of minutes, if not seconds. This has created new opportunities for individuals and groups to connect and share their thoughts on a global scale.At the same time, the spread of misinformation and fake news on social media platforms has raised concerns about the trustworthiness of the information that people consume. The ability of false information to go viral and influence public opinion has led to calls for greater regulation of social media companies.Additionally, the use of social media has changed the nature of public discourse, with debates and conversations often becoming more polarized and intense. The anonymity and distance provided by online platforms can lead to higher levels of aggression and hostility among users.Despite these challenges, social media remains a powerful tool for activism and social change. Movements like #BlackLivesMatter have gained momentum and support through social media campaigns, highlighting the potential for positive impact on society.4. What is the main idea of the passage?A. The benefits of social media for communication and activism.B. The challenges of misinformation and polarization on social media.C. The rise of social media as a global platform for sharing information.D. The transformation of public discourse through the use of social media.5. According to the passage, what has raised concerns about the trustworthiness of information on social media?A. The rapid dissemination of information.B. The polarized nature of public discourse.C. The spread of misinformation and fake news.D. The anonymity and distance of online platforms.6. The word "dissemination" in the passage is closest in meaning to:A. suppressionB. spreadingC. collectingD. hiding二、翻译与写作Translate the following sentences into English:1. 我们必须认识到环境问题的紧迫性，并采取行动来保护我们的地球。

考研英语一作文模拟题

考研英语一作文模拟题The Importance of Developing a Reading Habit。

In today's fast-paced society, people are often toobusy to indulge in leisure activities such as reading. However, developing a reading habit is essential for personal growth and development, and it is particularly important for those who are preparing for the postgraduate entrance examination.Firstly, reading can broaden one's horizons and enrich one's knowledge. By reading books, newspapers, and magazines, one can learn about different cultures,historical events, and current affairs. This not only helps to improve one's understanding of the world but also enhances one's critical thinking and problem-solving skills.Secondly, reading can improve one's language proficiency. Reading books and articles can expose one to new vocabulary, sentence structures, and idiomaticexpressions. This can help one to expand their language skills and improve their ability to communicate effectively in both written and spoken English.Thirdly, reading can help to reduce stress and improve mental health. Reading is a form of relaxation that can help to calm the mind and reduce anxiety. It can also provide a sense of escapism from the pressures of daily life, allowing one to unwind and recharge.Finally, developing a reading habit is essential for those who are preparing for the postgraduate entrance examination. The exam requires a high level of English proficiency, and reading is an effective way to improveone's language skills. Furthermore, many of the exam questions are based on reading comprehension, so developing a strong reading habit can help to improve one's performance on the exam.In conclusion, developing a reading habit is essential for personal growth, language proficiency, and mental health. It is particularly important for those who arepreparing for the postgraduate entrance examination. Therefore, it is important to set aside time each day to read and make it a regular part of one's routine. By doing so, one can reap the benefits of reading and achieve success in both their personal and academic lives.。

英语一考研模拟试题

英语一考研模拟试题Section I: Reading ComprehensionDirections: There are four passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them, there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.Passage 1Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage:CCTV’s English-language channel announced that a narrowband IoT system will make its debut at the upcoming 2021 Beijing Horticultural Expo, promoting smart agriculture in the capital.This phase of the expo is hosted by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, and the Beijing municipal government.A total of 51 types of sensors will be used across the expo for health monitoring, precise irrigation and fertilization, and environmental control. A smart unmanned tractor has also been equipped to show how it could be controlled through a phone application.“The system is abl e to identify the precise location of farmland and distribute water and fertilizers accordingly,” said Zhang Yuping, the director of the Beijing Horticultural Engineering Center. “We’re exploring more possibilities to apply this advanced technology in the field.”Zhang added that special areas at the expo are set up to showcase the automated management of a seedling company and explore cutting-edge agricultural technology provided by tech giant Huawei.The expo has taken place in Beijing every year since 1999, 10 years before the founding of China Central Television (CCTV), to address the challenges facing the industry. The expo was issued a special commemorative postage stamp earlier this month by the State Post Bureau.1. According to the passage, what will be promoted at the upcoming 2021 Beijing Horticultural Expo?A) Smart citiesB) Smart agricultureC) Smart homesD) Smart schools2. Who is hosting this phase of the Beijing Horticultural Expo?A) CCTVB) The State Post BureauC) The Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsD) Huawei3. How many types of sensors will be used across the expo?A) 51B) 21C) 31D) 414. What is mentioned about a smart unmanned tractor at the expo?A) It will be controlled through a phone application.B) It will be used for cooking demonstrations.C) It will perform on-stage during a music concert.D) It will be showcased at the opening ceremony.5. When did the Beijing Horticultural Expo start taking place every year?A) 1999B) 2009C) 2019D) 2001Passage 2Questions 6 to 10 are based on the following passage:China on Thursday announced a guideline on exploring stronger social forces whose import and export activities are in compliance with laws in a bid to promote higher-level opening-up.With the core content of the guideline released by the State Council, China will unremittingly and steadily promote the development of social forces to participate in import and export activities, build a more open andtransparent import and export market, and create a more fair and competitive trading environment.The guidelines encourage exploring new channels for social forces to engage in import and export trading, promote innovation and upgrading of China’s foreign trade by supporting the participation of social forces in import and export activities, the guideline stated.According to the guideline, more efforts will be made to push forward the reforms to streamline administration, delegate power, and improve regulations. Procedures for starting a business and obtaining various licenses and certificates will be further simplified. And measures to reduce taxes and fees should be implemented to lower market thresholds.The guideline also asked authorities to guide social forces to enhance their abilities to participate in international cooperation in production capacity and investment...6. What did China announce a guideline on exploring?A) More restrictions on social forcesB) The participation of social forces in illegal activitiesC) Stronger social forces and their import and export activities that comply with lawsD) The abolishment of import and export trading7. According to the passage, what will China promote with the development of social forces participating in import and export activities?A) A more closed and opaque import and export marketB) Lower standards for import and export tradingC) Innovation and upgrading of China’s foreign tradeD) Higher taxes and fees8. What does the guideline encourage exploring according to the passage?A) More channels for social forces to engage in import and export tradingB) Less participation of social forces in import and export activitiesC) Halting all foreign tradeD) Stricter regulations for obtaining licenses and certificates9. Which procedures will be simplified according to the guideline mentioned in the passage?A) Procedures for importing banned goodsB) Procedures for obtaining various licenses and certificatesC) Procedures for increasing taxes and feesD) Procedures for making trading environments more complex10. What will be done to lower market thresholds according to the article?A) Increase regulationsB) Expand taxes and feesC) Implement measures to reduce taxes and feesD) Streamline administration---请注意，在这篇文章中，我根据给定的标题"英语一考研模拟试题"选择了阅读理解部分的模拟试题，以帮助您练习英语一部分考研内容的理解和应用。

考研英语模拟试卷

考研英语模拟试卷考研英语模拟试卷一、写作部分作文一：题目：随着互联网的普及，越来越多的年轻人沉迷于网络世界，忽视了自己的身体健康和学习。

请就此现象写一篇议论文，分析其危害和原因，并提出可行的解决方案。

当今社会，互联网已经成为人们生活中不可或缺的一部分。

然而，随着互联网的普及，越来越多的年轻人沉迷于网络世界，忽视了身体健康和学习。

这种现象已经引起了广泛关注。

首先，长时间使用互联网会对身体健康产生负面影响。

长时间保持坐姿、盯着屏幕，容易导致视力下降、颈椎疼痛等问题。

此外，缺乏运动也会导致身体机能下降，甚至引发肥胖等健康问题。

其次，沉迷于网络世界也会影响年轻人的学习。

过度使用互联网会使人分散注意力，无法专注于学习。

同时，一些年轻人会沉迷于社交媒体和在线游戏，浪费大量时间，导致学习成绩下降。

那么，是什么原因导致年轻人沉迷于网络世界呢？一方面，互联网提供了丰富多彩的内容，让人很容易沉迷其中。

另一方面，现代社会竞争激烈，一些年轻人可能会因为压力过大而选择逃避现实，沉迷于网络世界。

为了解决这个问题，我们可以从以下几个方面入手。

首先，加强身体健康意识教育，让年轻人认识到久坐、长时间使用屏幕等行为的危害。

其次，推广体育运动，鼓励年轻人参加各种运动项目，提高身体素质。

最后，建立正确的价值观和积极的人生态度，让年轻人明白生命的意义和价值，珍惜时间，努力学习。

总之，解决年轻人沉迷于网络世界的问题需要多方面的努力。

只有全社会共同关注，采取有效的措施，才能帮助年轻人摆脱网络沉迷，拥有健康、美好的未来。

作文二：题目：请根据以下给出的英文短文写一篇议论文，分析其中所阐述的观点并进行评论。

The idea of a four-day workweek has been gaining popularity in recent years. Proponents of this idea argue that it would increase productivity and improve work-life balance, while critics claim that it would lead to higher costs and increased stress for employees.Proponents of the four-day workweek argue that having an extraday off each week would increase productivity. They believe that employees would be more focused and engaged during their workdays because they would have more time to rest and recharge. Additionally, having more time off would allow employees to better manage their work-life balance, reducing stress and increasing overall happiness.However, critics of the four-day workweek argue that it would lead to higher costs for businesses. With fewer workdays, companies would have to pay employees for more days of work, which would increase labor costs. Additionally, critics believe that having an extra day off would lead to more stress for employees, as they would have to rush to complete work they had originally planned to spread across five days. Personally, I am in favor of the four-day workweek. Although it might increase costs for some businesses, the benefits to employees and their work-life balance would be significant. Moreover, employees would be more engaged and productive during their shorter workweeks, which would ultimately benefit businesses as well. The key is finding a balance that works for both employees and employers, and it's important to explore this option further to see if it can be implemented effectively.在议论文部分，作者首先提出了四天工作周的概念及其支持者和批评者的观点。

考研英语模拟试题一

考研英语模拟试题一20XX年考研英语模拟试题一Section ⅠUse of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points) The fitness movement that began in the late 1960s and early 1970s centered around aerobic exercise. Millions of individuals became 1 in a variety of aerobic activities, and 2 thousands of health spas 3 around the country to capitalize on his 4 interest in fitness, particularly aerobic dancing for females. A number of fitness spas existed 5 to this aerobic fitness movement, even a national chain with spas in most major cities. However, their 6 was not on aerobics, 7 on weight-training programs designed to develop muscular mass, 8 , and endurance in their primarily male 9 . These fitness spas did not seem to benefit 10 from the aerobic fitness movement to better health, since medical opinion suggested that weight-training programs 11 few, if 12, health benefits. In recent years, however, weight training has again become increasingly 13 for males and for females. Many 14 programs focus not only on developing muscular strength and endurance but on aerobic fitness as well. 15, most physical fitness tests have usually included measures of muscular strength andendurance, not for health related reasons, but primarily 16 such fitness components have been related to 17 in athletics. 18, in recent years, evidence has shown that training programs designed primarily to improve muscular strength and endurance might also offer some health 19 as well. The American College of Sports Medicine now 20 that weight training be part of a totalfitness program for healthy Americans.1.[A] imposed [B] engaged [C] confined [D] illustrated2.[A] affluently [B] eligibly [C] gorgeously [D] literally3.[A] enhanced [B] manifested [C] developed [D] established4.[A] emerging [B] hovering [C] intriguing [D] mingling5.[A] prior [B] entitled [C] liable [D] subjected6.[A] action [B] focus [C] cement [D] snap7.[A] or [B] or else [C] and [D] but rather8.[A] strength [B] nutrition [C] tolerance [D] ambition9.[A] practitioners [B] enthusiasts [C] referees [D] recipients10.[A] financially [B] particularly [C] legitimately [D] excessively11.[A] presented [B] offered [C] indicated [D] demonstrated12.[A] something [B] some [C] anything [D] any13.[A] popular [B] vigorous [C] intelligible [D] formidable14.[A] current [B] primitive [C] uneven [D] incredible15.[A] Practically [B] Eventually [C] Essentially [D] Historically16.[A] because [B] in only [C] although [D] now that17.[A] performance [B] harassment [C] identification [D] portrayal18.[A] Moreover [B] Therefore [C] However [D] Anyway19.[A] advantages [B] benefits [C] interests [D] profits20.[A] recommends [B] reassures [C] speculates [D] mediatesSection ⅡReading ComprehensionPart ADirections: Reading the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points) Text 1Gene therapy and gene-based drugs are two ways we could benefit from our growing mastery of genetic science. But there will be others as well. Here is one of the remarkable therapies on the cutting edge of genetic research that could make their way into mainstream medicine in the coming years.While it's true that just about every cell in the body has the instructions to make a complete human, most of those instructions are inactivated, and with good reason: the last thing you want for your brain cells is to start churning out stomach acid or your nose to turn into a kidney. The only time cells truly have the potential to turn into any and all body parts is very early in a pregnancy, when so-called stem cells haven't begun to specialize.Yet this untapped potential could be a terrific boon to medicine. Most diseases involve the death of healthy cells - brain cells in Alzheimer's, cardiac cells in heart disease, pancreatic cells in diabetes, to name a few; if doctors could isolate stem cells, then direct their growth, they might be able to furnish patients with healthyreplacement tissue.It was incredibly difficult, but last fall scientists at the University of Wisconsin managed to isolate stem cells and get them to grow into neural, gut, muscle and bone cells. The process still can't be controlled, and may have unforeseen limitations; but if efforts to understand and master stem-cell development prove successful, doctors will have a therapeutic tool of incredible power.The same applies to cloning, which is really just the other side of the coin; true cloning, as first shown with the sheep Dolly two years ago, involves taking a developed cell and reactivating the genome within, resetting its developmental instructions to a pristine state. Once that happens, the rejuvenated cell can develop into a full-fledged animal, genetically identical to its parent.For agriculture, in which purely physical characteristics like milk production in a cow or low fat in a hog have real market value, biological carbon copies could become routine within a few years. This past year scientists have done for mice and cows what Ian Wilmut did for Dolly, andother creatures are bound to join the cloned menagerie in the coming year.Human cloning, on the other hand, may be technically feasible but legally and emotionally more difficult. Still, one day it will happen. The ability to reset body cells to a pristine, undeveloped state could give doctors exactly the same advantages they would get from stem cells: the potential to make healthy body tissues of all sorts, and thus to cure disease. That could prove to be a true “miraclecure."21.The writer holds that the potential to make healthy body tissues will[A] aggravate moral issues of human cloning.[B] bring great benefits to human beings.[C] help scientists decode body instructions.[D] involve employing surgical instruments.22.The word "rejuvenated" (Para. 5) most probably means[A] modified. [B] re-collected. [C] classified. [D] reactivated.23.The research at the University of Wisconsin is mentioned to show[A] the isolation of stem cells. [B] the effects of gene therapies.[C] the advantages of human cloning. [D] the limitations of tissue replacements.24.Which of the following is true according to the text?[A] The principle of gene therapy is applicable to that of cloning.[B] The isolation of stem cells is too difficult to be feasible.[C] It is reasonable for all body instructions to be activated.[D] Cloned animals will eventually take control of the world.25.Towards the genetic research, the author's attitude can best be said to be that of[A] Frustration. [B] Indifference. [C] Amazement. [D] Opposition.Text 2What our society suffers from most today is the absence of consensus about what it and life in it ought to be; such consensus cannot be gained from society's present stage, or from fantasies about what it ought to be. For that the present is too close and too diversified, and the future too uncertain, to make believable claims about it. A consensus in the present hence can be achieved only through a shared understanding of the past, as Homer's epics informed those who lived centuries later what it meant to be Greek, and by what images and ideals they were to live their lives and organize their societies.Most societies derive consensus from a long history, a language all their own, a common religion, common ancestry. The myths by which they live are based on all of these. But the United States is a country of immigrants, coming from a great variety of nations. Lately, it has been emphasized that an asocial, narcissistic personality has becomecharacteristic of Americans, and that it is this type of personality that makes for the lack of well-being, because it prevents us from achieving consensus that would counteract a tendency to withdraw into private worlds. In this study of narcissism, Christopher Lash says that modern man, "tortured by self-consciousness, turns to new therapies not to free himself of his personal worries but to find meaning and purpose in life, to find something to live for". There is widespread distress because national morale has declined, and we have lost an earlier sense of national vision and purpose.Contrary to rigid religions or political beliefs, as are found in totalitarian societies, our culture is one of the great individual differences, at least in principle and in theory; but this leads to disunity, even chaos. Americans believe in the value of diversity, but just because our is a society based on individual diversity, it needs consensus about some dominating ideas more than societies based on uniform origin of their citizens. Hence, if we are to have consensus, it must be based on a myth - a vision about a common experience, a conquest that made us Americans, as the myth about the conquest of Troy formed the Greeks. Only a common myth can offer relief from the fear that life is without meaning or purpose. Myths permit us to examine our place in the world by comparing it to a shared idea. Myths are shared fantasies that form the tie that binds the individual to other members of his group. Such myths help to ward off feelings ofisolations, guilt, anxiety, and purposelessness - in short, they combat isolation and the breakdown of social standards and values.26.In the eyes of the author, the greatest trouble with the US society may lie in[A] the nonexistence of consensus on the forms of the society should take.[B] the lack of divergence over the common organizations of social life.[C] the non-acceptance of a society based on individual diversity.[D] the pervasive distress caused by national morale decline.27.The asocial personality of Americans may stem from[A] the absence of a common religion and ancestry.[B] the multiracial constituents of the US society.[C] the want of a shared myths they possess in life.[D] the counterbalance to narcissistic personality.28.Homer's epics is mentioned in Paragraph 1 in order to[A] exemplify the contributions made by ancient poets.[B] illustrate the role of shared fantasies about society.[C] show an ideal stage of eternal social progress.[D] make known myths of what a society ought to be.29.The author concludes that only shared myths can help Americans[A] to bring about the uniformity of their culture.[B] to regain their consensus about a common experience.[C] to stay away from negative feelings in their life.[D] to counteract the effects of consensus about society.30.It can be inferred from Paragraph 2 that Christopher Lash is most probably[A] a reform advocate.[B] a senior psychologist.[C] a reputed poet.[D] a social historian.Text 3The early retirement of experienced workers is seriously harming the U.S. economy, according to a new report from the Hudson Institute, a public policy research organization. Currently, many older experienced workers retire at an earlyage. According to the recently issued statistics, 79 percent of qualified workers begin collecting retirement benefits at age 62; if that trend continues, there will be a labor shortage that will hinder the economic growth in the twenty-first century. Older Americans constitute an increasing proportion of the population, according to the U. S. Census Bureau, and the population of those over age 65 will grow by 60% between 20XX年and 20XX年. During the same period, the group aged 18 to 44 will increase by only 4%. Keeping older skilled workers employed, even part time, would increase U.S. economic output and strengthen the tax base; but without significant policy reforms, massive early retirement amongbaby boomers seems more likely.Retirement at age 62 is an economically rational decision today. Social Security and Medicaid earnings limits and tax penalties subject our most experienced workers to marginal tax rates as high as 67%. Social Security formulas encourage early retirement. Although incomes usually rise with additional years of work, any pay increases after the 35-year mark result in higher social Security taxes but only small increases in benefits.Hudson Institute researchers believe that federal tax and benefit policies are at fault and reforms are urgently needed, but they disagree with the popular proposal that much older Americans will have to work because Social Security will not support them and that baby boomers are not saving enough for retirement. According to the increase in 401 (k) and Keogh retirement plans, the ongoing stockmarket on Wall Street, and the likelihood of large inheritances, there is evidence that baby boomers will reach age 65 with greater financial assets than previous generations.The Hudson institute advocates reforming government policies that now discourage work and savings, especially for older worker. Among the report's recommendations: Tax half of all Social Security benefits, regardless of other income; provide 8% larger benefits for each year beyond 65; and permit workers nearing retirement to negotiate compensation packages that may include a lower salary but with greaterhealthcare benefits. However, it may take real and fruitful planning to find the right solution to the early retirement of older experienced workers; any measures taken must be allowed to prolong the serviceability of older experienced workers.31.According to Hudson Institute researchers, the effect of the early retirement of qualified workers in the U.S. economy is[A] constructive. [B] significant. [C] inconclusive. [D] detrimental.32.The older experienced workers in America tend to retire early because their prolonged service may[A] do harm to younger generations. [B] end up with few or no benefits.[C] give play to their potentials. [D] shed light on social trends.33.The second paragraph is written chiefly to show that[A] there will be an acute labor shortage in the near future.[B] baby-boomers contribute much to the US economic output.[C] government policies concerning older people are out-dated.[D] older workers are enthusiastic about collecting social benefits.34.When mentioning "the ongoing stock market on Wall Street", the writer[A] is calling attention to the privileges to which baby-boomers are entitled.[B] is calling for the government to take countermeasures againstlabor shortage.[C] is refuting a notion about experienced workers' early retirement.[D] is justifying the ineffectiveness of federal tax and benefit policies.35.Towards the issue, what the writer is most concerned about will be[A] to advocate radically reforming government policies.[B] to take into account the benefits upon retirement.[C] to put in practice what Hudson researchers believe in.[D] to prolong the practicability of older experienced employees.Text 4The history of responses to the work of the artist Sandro Botticelli (1444-1510) suggests that widespread appreciation by critics is a relatively recent phenomenon. Writing in 1550, Vasari expressed an unease with Botticelli's work, admitting that the artist fitted awkwardly into his evolutionary scheme of the history of art. Over the next two centuries, academic art historians defamed Botticelli in favor of hisfellows Florentine, Michelangelo. Even when anti-academic art historians of the early nineteenth century rejected many of the standards of evaluation adopted by their predecessors, Botticelli's work remained outside of accepted taste, pleasing neither amateur observers nor connoisseurs. (Many of his best paintings, however, remained hidden away in obscure churches and private homes.)The primary reason for Botticelli's unpopularity is not difficult tounderstand: most observers, up until the mid-nineteenth century, did not consider him to be noteworthy, because his work, for the most part, did not seem to these observers to exhibit the traditional characteristics of fifteenth-century Florentine art. For example, Botticelli rarely employed the technique of strict perspective and, unlike Michelangelo, never used chiaroscuro.Another reason for Botticelli's unpopularity may have been that his attitude toward the style of classical art was very different from that of his contemporaries. Although he was thoroughly exposed to classical art, he showed little interest in borrowing from the classical style. Indeed, it is paradoxical that a painter of large-scale classical subjects adopted a style that was only slightly similar to that of classical art.In any case, when viewers began to examine more closely the relationship of Botticelli's work to the tradition of fifteenth-century Florentine art, his reputation began to grow. Analyses and assessments of Botticelli made between 1850 and 1870 by the artists of the Pre-Raphaelite movement, as well as by the writer Pater(although he, unfortunately, based his assessment on an incorrect analysis of Botticelli's personality), inspired a new appreciation of Botticelli throughout the English-speaking world. Yet Botticelli's work, especially the Sistine frescoes, did not generate worldwide attention until it was finally subjected to a comprehensive and scrupulous analysis by Home in 1908.Home rightly demonstrated that the frescoes shared important features with paintings by other fifteenth-century Florentines - features such as skillful representation of anatomical proportions, and of the human figure in motion. However, Home argued that Botticelli did not treat these qualities as ends in themselves - rather, that he emphasized clear depletion of a story, a unique achievement and one that made the traditional Florentine qualities less central. Because of Home's emphasis crucial to any study of art, the twentieth century has come to appreciate Botticelli's achievements.36.Which of the following would be the best title for the text?[A] The Role of Standard Art Analyses and Appraisals.[B] Sandro Botticelli: From Rejection to Appreciation.[C] The History of Critics' Responses to Art Works.[D] Botticelli and Florentine: A Comparative Study.37.We can learn from the text that art critics have a history of[A] suppressing painters' art initiatives.[B] favoring a Botticelli's best paintings.[C] rejecting traditional art characteristics.[D] undervaluing Botticelli's achievements.38.The views of Vasari and Home on Botticelli's products are[A] identical. [B] complementary. [C] opposite. [D] similar.39.The word "connoisseurs" (Paragraph 1) most probably means[A] representatives in the Pre-Raphaelite Movement.[B] people who are in favor of Florentine.[C] critics who are likely to make assessments.[D] conservatives clinging to classical art.40.What does the author think of Botticelli's representation skills?[A] They are to be fully appreciated.[B] They evolve from an uncertain source.[C] They underlie his personality.[D] They conform to the classical style. Part BSample OneDirections:In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into each of the numbered blank. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)Many of the philosophers we have been reading in class seem to me to be hopelessly dated. Of course, it's easy to become trapped in writing only for the period a person lives in, and a philosophy is necessarily dependent on the historical situation and the extent of man's knowledge.(41).However, Victor Hugo said that if he were writing for his own time only, he would have to break his pen and throw it away. (42) . And it seemsto me that the most frequent objections to modern and pre-modern philosophers come from the incompatibility of their philosophies with what is considered to be established scientific fact. For instance, Plato's theory of forms does not, to me, seem to jibe with modern physics and cosmology. And although I can only vaguely glimpse the psychology which underlies Kant, it seems to be highly questionable.(43) .(44) . History is, of course, necessary to any understanding of a philosophy: how it came about, what people did with it, etc. Sartre, although he developed some of his ideas from Nietzsche and Kierkegaard, probably could not have expounded those same ideas of existentialism in their times; Nietzsche, who popularized the idea that "God is dead", could not have written in the time of Descartes; and Descartes could not have expressed his radically individualist ideas during the time of Plato.I suppose that my point, which I am being exceedingly long-winded about, is that philosophy does not (and should not, and must not) stand apart from the rest of the sciences. (45) . Although the other sciences can provide us with data, observations, and theories, only philosophy can integrate those into a coherent whole, tell us what to do with them, or provide a meaningful context for using these facts in our daily lives.[A] In my view, application of Kant's epistemology and metaphysics could never produce an artificial intelligence capable of passing a Turingtest.[B] Rather, philosophy should be integrated with the rest of the sciences through a method of rational judgment. Rather than sailing behind, or next to but away from, the rest of the sciences, Philosophy should be the flagship of the group.[C] And many of the philosophers who have existed over the course of the centuries have necessarily had to worry about governmental, church, or societal disapproval, censorship, or punishment.[D] After all, physics can give us insights into metaphysics, since both seek different ways to do the same thing; psychology, sociology, anthropology, and archeology can give us insights into epistemology; various "soft" sciences dealing with comparative cultures can provide food for thought in ethnics, and so on.[E] Although some philosophical people are not necessarily considered as philosophers today，whose work was influential and instrumental in developing one of the social sciences ( psychology, sociology, political science, education) or in advancing theoretical science (what is now called philosophy of science).[F] And so, it seems to me, the best way that a philosopher can keep from being dated is to be aware of scientific knowledge, and integrate it into philosophy. Of course, this necessitates an independent evaluation of the merits and drawbacks of a given scientific idea, which necessitates, inturn, a thorough knowledge of that theory.[G] And so, it seems to me that, in order for a philosopher to be relevant for the future as well as the present, he must take into account all of the objections to his philosophy which can be anticipated at the present time.Sample TwoDirections: The following paragraphs are given in a wrong order. For Questions 41-45, you are required to reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent article by choosing from the list A-G to fill in each numbered box. The first and the last paragraphs have been placed for you in Boxes. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)[A] Is that what the American viewing public is getting? Perhaps 10% of primetime network programming is a happy combination of entertainment and enrichment. There used to be television movies rich in human values, but they have now become an endangered species. I find television too much concerned with what people have and too little concerned with who they are, very concerned with taking care of No. 1 and not at all concerned with sharing themselves with other people. All too often it tells us the half truth we want to hear rather than the whole truth we need to hear.[B] Why is television not more fully realizing its humanizing potential? Is the creative community at fault? Partially. But not primarily. I have livedand worked in that community for 32 years, as both priest and producer. As a group, these people have values. In fact, in Hollywood in recent months, audience enrichment hasbecome the in thing. A coalition of media companies has endowed the Humanitas Prize so that it can recognize and celebrate those who accomplish it.[C] Every good story will not only captivate its viewers but also give them some insight into what it means to be a human being. By so doing, it can help them grow into the deeply centered, sovereignly free, joyously loving human being God made them to be. Meaning, freedom and love――the supreme human values. And this is the kind of human enrichment the American viewing public has a right to expect from those who make its entertainment.[D] The problem with American TV is not the lack of storytellers of conscience but the commercial system within which they have to operate. Television in the U.S. is a business. In the past, the business side has been balanced by a commitment to public service. But in recent years the fragmentation of the mass audience, huge interest payments and skyrocketing production costs have combined with the FCC's abdication of its responsibility to protect the common good to produce an almost total preoccupation with the bottom line. The networks are struggling to survive. And that, the statistics seem to indicate, is mindless, heartless,escapist fare. If we are dissatisfied with the moral content of what we are invited to watch, I think we should begin by examining our own consciences. When we tune in, are we ready to plunge into reality, so as to extract its meaning, or are we hoping to escape into a sedated world of illusion? And if church leaders want to elevate the quality of the country's entertainment, they should forget about boycotts, production codes and censorship. They should work at educating their people in media literacy and at mobilizing them to support quality shows in huge numbers.[E] It is not a question of entertainment or enrichment. These are complementary concerns and presuppose each other. The story that entertains without enriching is superficial and escapist. The story that enriches without entertaining is simply dull. The story that does both is a delight.[F] That is the only sure way to improve the moral content of America's entertainment.[G] Despite questions of the motivation behind them, the attacks by the President and the Vice President on the moral content of television entertainment have found an echo in the chambers of the American soul. Many who reject the messengers still accept the message. They do not like the moral tone of American TV. In our society only the human family surpasses television in its capacity to communicate values, provide role models, form consciences and motivate human behavior. Few educator,church leaders or politicians possess the moral influence of those who create the nation's entertainment.Order:G 41 42 43 44 45 FSample ThreeDirection: You are going to read a text about New Rules for Landing a Job, followed by a list of examples. Choose the best example from the list A-F for eachnumbered subheading (41-45). There is one extra example which you do not need to use. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points) When Nick A. Corcodilos started out in the headhunting business 20 years ago, he had a keen eye for tracking talent. From his base in Silicon Valley he would send all-star performers to blue-chip companies like Xerox, IBM and General Electric. But while he would succeed in his part of the hunt, the job-seekers he located would often fail in theirs. They were striking out before, during or after the interview.So instead of simply accounting for talent, Corcodilos began advising job candidates as well. He helped improve their success ratio by teaching them to pursue fewer companies, make the right contacts and deliver what companies are looking for in an interview. In his myth-busting book, Ask the Headhunter (Plume, 1997), Corcodilos has reinvented the rules of the job search, from preparation to interview techniques. Here are his six new。

考研英语模拟测试题及答案

考研英语模拟测试题及答案阅读理解题题目一：In the early years of satellite television, when bankers and bond traders were first acquiring their gigantic sky dishes, many analysts predicted that the emerging technologies would quickly transform television in ways few of us could imagine. “The real potential of satellite signals,” said a typical observer, “is that they will make it possible for viewers to have access to a much wider range of programming.”This prediction, as it turns out, has been only partially accurate. In fact, the actual development of satellite television has fallen far short of the ambitions expressed by its early advocates. While it is true that viewers today have access to more channels than in the past, most of these channels are merely shallow and unimaginative clones of the three networks that existed before the age of satellite. And satellite television has made little progress in reaching an audience that is more sophisticated or discriminating in its habits than the audience that was served by network television in the past.Given the many disappointments that have accompanied our experience with satellite television, it seems only appropriate to express a few words of caution and skepticism as we begin to explore the possibilities of another emerging technology: the digital revolution.What does the passage suggest about the potential of satellite television?A.The potential of satellite television has been largely realized.B.The development of satellite television has validated the arguments of its early advocates.C.Viewers today have access to more channels than before the age of satellite.D.The potential of satellite television has not been fully realized.答案一：D解析一：The author of this passage notes that while some early observers predicted that satellite television would transform television in ways the public could not imagine, these predictions have not exactly come to fruition. While viewers today have access to more channels, these channels may fall short in terms of quality and substance. The tone of the passage is cautious and skeptical.题目二：The modern desire for privacy, in almost all its forms, is really a desire for respect and control. People want to keep certain information away from the public sphere because they believe that if it were made available to others, their status or reputation would suffer accordingly. They also want to be able to choose the conditions under which they interact with others. In other words, they want to be able to protect their autonomy and control how others perceive them.These desires are grounded in good reasons. In democratic societies, respect for individual privacy is essential to the well-being of both society and its citizens. The ability to engage in political and social activity without fear of reprisal is critical to a vibrant democratic culture. Privacy is also important for personal development. Individuals need a space in which to be themselves, to experiment with new ideas and to develop relationships with people of their choosing.However, privacy is not an absolute value. It needs to be balanced against other important societal values, such as transparency, accountability, and security. When these values are in conflict, the challenge for democratic societies is to strike a balance that protects individual liberties while also safeguarding public interests.What does the passage suggest about why people desire privacy?A.People want privacy because they believe it will afford them respect and control.B.People want privacy because they believe it will protect them from reprisal.C.People want privacy because it is necessary to experiment with new ideas.D.People desire privacy for all of the above reasons.答案二：A解析二：The passage suggests that people desire privacy because they believe it will afford them respect and control. Specifically, people want to keep certain information away from the public sphere because they fear that if it were made available to others, their status or reputation would suffer accordingly. They also want to be able to choose the conditions under which they interact with others. These desires are grounded in good reasons, as respect for individual privacy is essential to the well-being of both society and its citizens.。

考研英语模拟测试题

考研英语模拟测试题在这个高质量1500字的文章中，我会根据你给的题目“考研英语模拟测试题”，按照考研英语模拟测试题的格式来写。

以下是文章的内容：第一部分：听力理解（听力题不需要列出选项）Section ADirections：In this section, you will hear 10 short conversations. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the question will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A)， B)， C) and D)， and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.1. M: Have you packed your suitcase yet? We need to leave for the airport soon.W: No, but I've made a list of everything I want to take. I'll start packing as soon as I finish dressing.Q: What will the woman do next?2. W: I heard Professor Smith didn't give a lecture yesterday. Is that true?M: Yes, he had to attend his son's graduation. He'll make it up next week.Q: Why didn't Professor Smith give a lecture yesterday?...注意：听力题列表只需提供题号和问题的部分内容，选项内容可以省略，并在每道题后面都标注答案。

考研英语真题模拟试卷

考研英语真题模拟试卷一、听力部分（共30分）Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. After each question, there will be a short pause. The conversations and questions will be spoken only once. For each question, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C), and D).1. What does the man suggest the woman do?A) Take a rest.B) Go to the doctor.C) Stay at home.D) Work harder.2. Why is the woman upset?A) She lost her job.B) She missed her bus.C) She failed the exam.D) She lost her keys.[...]8. What does the man mean by saying "It's a small world"?A) He's surprised by the coincidence.B) He thinks the world is getting smaller.C) He's interested in geography.D) He's suggesting they travel.Long Conversation 1Questions 9 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.9. What is the main topic of the conversation?A) A book signing event.B) A new novel.C) A writing competition.D) A literary festival.10. What does the woman think about the author?A) She admires her greatly.B) She finds her arrogant.C) She doesn't like her writing style.D) She thinks she's overrated.Long Conversation 2Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you havejust heard.12. Why did the man decide to quit his job?A) He was offered a better position.B) He wanted to start his own business.C) He was unhappy with his boss.D) He wanted to travel the world.[...]二、阅读理解部分（共40分）Passage 1[文章内容略]Questions 16 to 18 are based on Passage 1.16. What is the main idea of the passage?A) The importance of a balanced diet.B) The benefits of regular exercise.C) The impact of technology on health.D) The role of sleep in a healthy lifestyle.17. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT a reason for poor sleep quality?A) Stress from work.B) An irregular sleep schedule.C) Consuming too much caffeine.D) A comfortable sleeping environment.Passage 2[文章内容略]Questions 19 to 21 are based on Passage 2.19. What does the author's experience suggest about the job market?A) It is highly competitive.B) It requires a specific set of skills.C) It is dominated by large corporations.D) It offers many opportunities for advancement.Passage 3[文章内容略]Questions 22 to 25 are based on Passage 3.22. What is the author's purpose in writing the passage?A) To persuade readers to adopt a new technology.B) To inform readers about a breakthrough in science.C) To critique the current state of environmental policy.D) To analyze the economic impact of climate change. [...]三、完形填空部分（共20分）[文章内容略]26. A) Despite B) Because C) Although D) Since27. A) predicted B) suggested C) proposed D) recommended28. A) benefits B) drawbacks C) consequences D) advantages29. A) However B) Therefore C) Nevertheless D) Thus30. A) contribute to B) result in C) lead to D) give rise to [...]四、翻译部分（共20分）将下列句子从英语翻译成中文。

2024考研英语一冲刺模拟试卷

2024考研英语一冲刺模拟试卷2024年考研英语一冲刺模拟试卷注意事项1. 考生应将答案写在答题纸上，写在试卷上无效。

2. 本试卷共10页，满分100分，考试时间180分钟。

一、词汇和语法 (共10小题，每小题1分，共10分)1. 下列各句中没有语病的一句是 ( )A. 这本书的作者是一位蛰居海外二十多年的华裔作家之手。

B. 一个人在事业上能否取得成就，关键在于内因。

C. 大约在民国十年左右，清华学校请他作第一次的演讲。

D. 我们不喜欢这种做事的方式，因为它是想当然的。

2. 下列各句中加点的词与“一片冰心在玉壶”中的“冰心”词性不同的是 ( )A. 我有迷魂招不得B. 乡书何处达？归雁洛阳边。

C. 冰泉冷涩弦凝绝D. 一弦一柱思华年3. 下列各句中没有倒装语序的一项是 ( )A. 独立寒秋，湘江北去，橘子洲头。

B. 寻梦？撑一支长篙，向青草更青处漫溯。

C. 二十余年如一梦，此身虽在堪惊。

D. 绿水人家绕。

4. 下列各句中没有使用比喻手法的一项是 ( )A. 时光如箭，光阴如电。

B. 他像巨人一样屹立着。

C. 朱门酒肉臭，路有冻死骨。

D. 世上有如海的人情。

5. 下列各句中没有使用比拟手法的一项是 ( )A. 烟柳画桥，风帘翠幕，参差十万人家。

B. 若夫日出而林霏开，云归而岩穴暝。

C. 无边落木萧萧下，不尽长江滚滚来。

D. 雁过也，天涯何处是？绿树村边杏花发。

6. 下列各句中没有使用借代手法的一项是 ( )A. 南朝四百八十寺，多少楼台烟雨中。

B. 雕栏玉砌应犹在，只是朱颜改。

C. 汗流浃背，四肢蜷缩。

D. 举世皆浊我独清，众人皆醉我独醒。

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[考研类试卷]考研英语（一）模拟试卷154一、Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points)0 Being fat is bad for you.【B1】______that, almost everyone agrees. It is just possible,【B2】______, that almost everyone is wrong. In fact, getting fat may be a mechanism that【B3】______the body. The health problems【B4】______with fatness may not be caused by it but be another【B5】______, another symptom, of overeating. That is the【B6】______of Roger Unger and Philip Scherer. Dr. Unger and Dr. Scherer have been reviewing the science of what has come to be known as metabolic syndrome. This is a cluster of symptoms such as high blood【B7】______, insulin resistance and fatness that seem to increase the【B8】______of heart disease and strokes, diabetes and liver disease. "Syndrome" is the medical term for a(n) 【B9】______of symptoms whose common cause is not【B10】______understood. The symptom of metabolic syndrome that appears first is usually【B11】______, so this is generally【B12】______as the underlying cause.Dr. Unger and Dr. Scherer,【B13】______, turn this logic on its head. They point out that there is usually a period of many years between a person becoming【B14】______and his developing the other【B15】______. If the growth of adipose tissue(the body cells in which fat is stored)were【B16】______harmful, that would not be the【B17】______. This is one of the lines of evidence that has led them to the conclusion that,【B18】______its role in storing energy as a hedge against future famine, getting fat is a protective mechanism【B19】______metabolic syndrome.Their thesis is that lipids(the group of molecules that includes fats), which are needed in small amounts to make cell membranes, are toxic in larger quantities.【B20】______them into adipose tissue is one of the body's ways of dealing with that toxicity.1 【B1】（A）In（B）At（C）With（D）On2 【B2】（A）thus（B）though （C）hence （D）unless3 【B3】（A）damages （B）protects （C）induces （D）guides4 【B4】（A）associated （B）unconcerned （C）caused （D）involved5 【B5】（A）origin（B）factor （C）account （D）consequence 6 【B6】（A）proposal （B）invention （C）masterpiece （D）utterance7 【B7】（A）suppression （B）tension （C）pressure （D）circulation 8 【B8】（A）risk（B）consequence （C）severity （D）prevalence9 【B9】（A）integration （B）distribution （C）collection （D）inclination 10 【B10】（A）properly （B）credibly （C）academically （D）artificially 11 【B11】（A）injury （B）obesity （C）famine （D）misery12 【B12】（A）reconciled （B）charged （C）overcame（D）regarded 13 【B13】（A）as a result （B）first of all （C）however （D）therefore 14 【B14】（A）abnormal （B）slender （C）overweight （D）negligible 15 【B15】（A）symptoms （B）matters （C）resistances （D）agonies 16 【B16】（A）directly（B）genuinely （C）continuously （D）concisely17 【B17】（A）reason（B）result（C）cause（D）case18 【B18】（A）less than （B）as far as （C）in addition to （D）with respect to 19 【B19】（A）beyond （B）against（C）for（D）to20 【B20】（A）Disposing（B）Tossing（C）Absorbing（D）OccupyingPart ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)20 Two of the most common rumors about immigrant families are that they don't really want to become American and that they're a drag on the rest of us. But a fascinating new Pew report gives lie to both fears. In the process, it reminds us why immigration matters.The study shows first of all that Americanization is proceeding as inevitably now as during previous great waves of migration. Yes, today's immigrants are Hispanic and Asian rather than European. But that has not made a difference. Today's 20 million adult sons and daughters of immigrants have learned English, advanced economically, and intermarried far more than their parents did and no more slowly than the Italians or Irish or Poles did a century ago. Nearly six in ten—almost double the percentage of their parents—consider themselves "typical Americans."As for whether immigrant families are a drag on society, the facts are clear. Second-generation Americans—the children of immigrants—are not just doing better than their parents. Their educational attainment and income are actually above the national average. They are contributors. If anything, as other research has shown, it is America that can be harmful to immigrant families: obesity and criminality increase from the first to the second generation. So the question should not be how to keep newcomers from diluting America but how to keep America from diluting the newcomers. This presents a challenge to both native-born Americans and today's immigrants.The Pew report notes that Americans who are of foreign birth or parentage, so-called "immigrant stock," will constitute a record 37% of the population by 2050. This frightens many white Americans to the core, especially those who are older and live in communities only recently touched by immigration. But for today's "immigrant stock," this moment creates an opportunity. Immigrants of earlier centuries proved that every kind of European could become simply white; today's immigrants prove that every kindof human can become simply American. But this means encouraging them to strive not only for their own families but also for the nation, through service and civic participation. We should bear in mind that whether we are native-born or newcomer, our task now, then, is to apply an immigrant's ingenuity, optimism, and perseverance to the systematic expansion of opportunity in America. To do that, as history shows and recent studies confirm, it'll help to have more immigrants around.21 The new Pew report has found that（A）the two rumors about immigration are untrue.（B）the immigration matters should be addressed.（C）Hispanic and Asian immigration does not help America.（D）Almost all immigrants have a strong sense of belonging.22 We can learn from paragraph 3 that immigrant families（A）do not slow down but speed up American progress.（B）are better off than natives in education and income.（C）are diluting America as a united and coherent society.（D）pose a potential challenge to the American society.23 Many white Americans are frightened to core because（A）the number of immigrants will exceed that of American natives by 2050.（B）immigrants will account for a large part of the population by 2050.（C）immigrants will populate the USA, including those remote communities.（D）the young immigrants will increase obesity and criminality in America.24 It is indicated in the last two paragraphs that（A）immigration is more a challenge than an opportunity.（B）immigration can be harnessed to serve the nation.（C）immigrants can hardly be assimilated into America.（D）the more immigrants America takes in, the better.25 Regarding the immigration into America, the author's attitude is（A）doubtful.（B）indifferent.（C）pessimistic.（D）supportive.25 The dawn of the oil age was fairly recent. Although the stuff was used to waterproof boats in the Middle East 6,000 years ago, extracting it in earnest began only in 1859 after an oil strike in Pennsylvania. It was used to make kerosene, the main fuel for artificial lighting after overfishing led to a shortage of whale blubber. Other liquids produced in the refining process, too unstable or smoky for lamplight, were burned or dumped. But the unwanted petrol and diesel did not go to waste for long, thanks to the development of the internal-combustion engine a few years later.Since then demand for oil has, with a couple of blips in the 1970s and 1980s, risen steadily alongside ever-increasing travel by car, plane and ship. Three-fifths of it ends up in fuel tanks. With billions of Chinese and Indians growing richer and itching to get behind the wheel of a car, the big oil companies, the International EnergyAgency(IEA)and America's Energy Information Administration all predict that demand will keep on rising.We believe that they are wrong, and that oil is close to a peak. This is not the "peak oil" widely discussed several years ago, when several theorists, who have since gone strangely quiet, reckoned that supply would flatten and then fall. We believe that demand, not supply, could decline. In the rich world oil demand has already peaked: it has fallen since 2005. Even allowing for all those new drivers in Beijing and Delhi, two revolutions in technology will dampen the world's thirst for the black stuff.The first revolution was led by a man from Texas who has just died. George Mitchell championed "tracking" as a way to release huge supplies of "unconventional" gas from shale(a smooth soft rock)beds. This, along with vast new discoveries of conventional gas, has recently helped increase the world's reserves from 50 to 200 years. The other great change is in automotive technology. Rapid advances in engine and vehicle design also threaten oil's dominance. Foremost is the efficiency of the internal-combustion engine itself. Petrol and diesel engines are becoming ever more frugal.Not surprisingly, the oil "supermajors" and the IEA disagree. They point out that most of the emerging world has a long way to go before it owns as many cars, or drives as many miles per head, as America. But it would be foolish to predict from the rich world's past to booming Asia's future. The sorts of environmental policies that are reducing the thirst for fuel in Europe and America by imposing ever-tougher fuel-efficiency standards on vehicles are also being adopted in the emerging economies.26 It can be inferred from the first paragraph that（A）oil was first discovered and used in the Middle East.（B）the oil age is short-lived and has already come to its end.（C）the shortage of kerosene led to the use of petrol and diesel.（D）the oil age is largely attributed to technological developments.27 The word "blip"(Line 1, Para. 2)most probably means（A）boom.（B）slump.（C）increase.（D）fluctuation.28 Which of the following statements is true, according to paragraph 3 and 4?（A）Demand for oil is close to a peak with supplies increased.（B）The oil demand in the world has already peaked until 2005.（C）New energy has broken the dominance of conventional gas.（D）Demand for oil is limited while supply of oil is unlimited.29 According to the last paragraph, the oil "supermajors" believe that（A）the emerging world needs more vehicles.（B）the future of oil is bright in the emerging world.（C）the demand for oil is the strongest in Asia.（D）the thirst for fuel is impossible to be reduced.30 An appropriate title for the text is most likely to be（A）Dawn of the Oil Age.（B）Oil: A Fit of Peak.（C）Oil: Yesterday's Fuel.（D）The Future of Oil.30 Brothers and sisters fight, but when the bickering evolves into physical or emotional abuse, it's bullying. Ordinary arguments over toys and who gets the front seat are one thing, but a recent study from researchers at the University of New Hampshire reports that aggression between siblings can escalate into bullying, and that young victims can be harmed in the same way as those who are threatened by peers on the playground.In fact, the study authors say, being bullied by a brother or sister was linked to worse mental-health outcomes for kids and adolescents, similar to those associated with being bullied by unrelated kids in the schoolyard.The new study, published in the journal Pediatrics, involved thousands of children and adolescents throughout the U.S. and found that those who were physically assaulted, had their toys stolen or broken or endured emotional abuse that made them feel frightened orunwanted by their sibling had higher levels of depression, anger and anxiety than those without these experiences.In order to study any differences between the effects of sibling bullying and those of being threatened by an unrelated bully, the researchers compared the effects of aggressive behaviors, such as physical violence, breaking or taking toys or belongings, and abuse, like name-calling or mocking, originating from siblings with those coming from children's unrelated peers. They concluded that as far as mental-health effects are concerned, the relationship that the victims had with their bullies didn't seem to matter. The findings showed that sibling bullying had the same association with increased anxiety, depression and trauma as peer aggression.That's an eye-opening result since most parents—not to mention the public—have a higher tolerance for fighting and even threatening behavior among siblings than they do for other social relationships. Sibling fighting is often dismissed, seen as something that's normal or harmless. Some parents even think it's beneficial, as training for dealing with conflict and aggression in other relationships.But when does that normal quarreling evolve into something more? Parents may unknowingly play a role in escalating some sibling fighting into abuse, John V. Caffaro, a clinical psychologist and co-author of Sibling Abuse Trauma, told the New York Times. If parents allow children to continuously fight and confront each other in aggressive ways without intervening, or if they play favorites and label children as "the smart one" or the "the quiet one," that may lead to more unhealthy competitiveness between siblings that develops into abuse. Caffaro said that since violence between siblings is one of the most common types of familial violence, aggression with the intent to physical hurt or humiliate a brother or sister should be taken seriously, and quashed.31 The word "bickering"(line 1, Para. 1)most probably means（A）beating.（B）hitting.（C）fighting.（D）bullying.32 The new study published in Pediatrics shows that（A）thousands of children and adolescents in the US are bullied yearly.（B）the outcome of being bullied by siblings is worse than that by peers. （C）kids bullied by their siblings are more depressed than those who not. （D）being bullied by siblings is exactly the same as being bullied by others.33 After comparing the effects, the researchers found that（A）sibling bullying is as detrimental as peer aggression.（B）sibling bullying is actually not a matter to worry about.（C）sibling bullying is more harmful than peer aggression.（D）sibling bullying is closely related to peer aggression.34 According to the text, some parents actually（A）are more tolerant than the public for sibling fighting.（B）regard bullying in the family as something harmful.（C）think that bullying can help their children in a way.（D）are fond of playing favorites and labeling children.35 Which of the following would Caffaro most probably agree with?（A）Parents are responsible for most bullying in the family.（B）Sibling bullying is more than common in US families.（C）Parents should consciously encourage sibling fighting.（D）Sibling bullying needs proper intervention from parents.35 Transatlantic friction between companies and regulators has grown as Europe's data guardians have become more assertive. Francesca Bignami, a professor at George Washington University's law school, says that the explosion of digital technologies has made it impossible for watchdogs to keep a close eye on every web company operating in their backyard. So instead they are relying more on scapegoating prominent wrongdoers in the hope that this will deter others.But regulators such as Peter Schaar, who heads Germany's federal data-protection agency, say the gulf is exaggerated. Some European countries, he points out, now have rules that make companies who suffer big losses of customer data to report these to the authorities. The inspiration for these measures comes from America.Yet even Mr. Schaar admits that the internet's global scale means that there will need to be changes on both sides of the Atlantic. He hints that Europe might adopt a more flexible regulatory stance if America were to create what amounts to an independent data-protection body along European lines. In Europe, where the flagship Data Protection Directive came into effect in 1995, the European Commission is conducting a review of its privacy policies. In America Congress has begun debating a new privacy bill and the Federal Trade Commission is considering an overhaul of its rules.Even if America and Europe do narrow their differences, internet firms will still have to struggle with other data watchdogs. In Asia countries that belong to APEC are trying to develop a set of regional guidelines for privacy rules under an initiative known as the Data Privacy Pathfinder. Some countries such as Australia and New Zealand have longstanding privacy laws, but many emerging nations have yet to roll out fully fledged versions of their own. Mr. Polonetsky sees Asia as "a new privacy battleground", with America and Europe both keen to tempt countries towards their own regulatory model. Canada already has something of a hybrid privacy regime, which may explain why its data-protection commissioner, Jennifer Stoddart, has been so influential on the international stage. She marshaled the signatories of the Google Buzz letter and took Facebook to task last year for breaching Canada's data privacy laws, which led the company to change its policies.Ms Stoddart argues that American companies often trip up on data-privacy issues because of "their brimming optimism that the whole world wants what they have rolled out in America." Yet the same optimism has helped to create global companies that have brought huge benefits to consumers, while also presenting privacy regulators with tough choices. Shoehorning such firms into old privacy frameworks will not benefit either them or their users.36 According to paragraph 1, web watchdogs（A）are faced with tough choices to regulate web companies.（B）keep a close eye on every internet company.（C）scapegoat famous companies to keep others in alarm.（D）report losses of customer data to the authorities.37 The "gulf"(Line2, Para. 2)refers to（A）the friction between web companies and regulators.（B）the differences between European and American privacy practice.（C）the argument between data watchdogs and governments.（D）the conflict between customers and companies which disclose data.38 Europe's data-protection polices（A）are copies of American model.（B）feature independence and flexibility.（C）are being reviewed by the European Commission.（D）use America's for reference.39 By saying "a new privacy battlefield", Mr. Polonetsky probably means in Asia （A）there will be a lot of friction between internet regulators and companies. （B）different countries will adopt different sets of privacy rules and regulations. （C）there will be controversy over privacy laws to be established in the area. （D）adopting American or European regulatory models may be a controversy.40 According to Jennifer Stoddart, in terms of privacy rules,（A）Facebook was criticized for breaking Canada's rules.（B）America's model is a good example to follow.（C）Canada's hybrid model is influential in the world.（D）global companies need not to obey privacy rules.Part B (10 points)40 Given all the roiling debates about how America's children should be taught, it may come as a surprise to learn that students spend less than 15% of their time in school. While there's no doubt that school is important, a clutch of recent studies reminds us that parents are even more so. A study published earlier this month by researchers at North Carolina State University, Brigham Young University and the University of California-Irvine, for example, finds that parental involvement—checking homework, attending school meetings and events, discussing school activities at home—has a more powerful influence on students' academic performance than anything about the school the students attend.【C1】______So parents matter—a point made clear by decades of research showing that a major part of the academic advantage held by children from affluent families comes from the "concerted cultivation of children" as compared to the more laissez-faire(let children do what they want)style of parenting common in working-class families. But this research also reveals something else: that parents, of all backgrounds, don't need to buy expensive educational toys or digital devices for their kids in order to give them an edge.【C2】______But not just any talk. Although well-known research by psychologists Betty Hart and Todd Risley has shown that professional parents talk more to their children than less-affluent parents—a lot more, resulting in a 30 million "word gap" by the time children reach age three—more recent research is refining our sense of exactly what kinds of talk at home foster children's success at school. For example, a study conducted by researchers at the UCLA School of Public Health and published in the journal Pediatrics found that two-way adult-child conversations were six times as potent in promoting language development as interludes in which the adult did all the talking.【C3】______ The content of parents' conversations with kids matters, too. Children who hear talk about counting and numbers at home start school with much more extensive mathematical knowledge.【C4】______While the conversations parents have with their children change as kids grow older, the effect of these exchanges on academic achievement remains strong. And again, the way mothers and fathers talk to their middle-school students makes a difference. Research by Nancy Hill, a professor at Harvard University's Graduate School of Education, finds that parents play an important role in what Hill calls "academic socialization"—setting expectations and making connections between current behavior and future goals(going to college, getting a good job).【C5】______A. As they grow older, this feeling helps middle- and upper-class kids develop into assertive advocates for their own interests, while working-class students tend to avoid asking for help or arguing their own case with teachers.B. They don't need to drive their offspring to enrichment classes or test-prep courses. What they need to do with their children is much simpler talk.C. Engaging in these sorts of conversations, Hill reports, has a greater impact on educational accomplishment than volunteering at a child's school or going to PTA(parent-teacher association)meetings, or even taking children to libraries and museums.D. And a third study concludes that schools would have to increase their spending by more than $1,000 per pupil in order to achieve the same results that are gained with parental involvement(not likely in this stretched economic era).E. Engaging in this reciprocal back-and-forth gives children a chance to try out language for themselves, and also gives them the sense that their thoughts and opinions matter.F. Another study, published in the Review of Economics and Statistics, reports that the effort put forth by parents has a bigger impact on their children's educational achievement than the effort expended by either teachers or the students themselves.G. Psychologist Susan Levine, who led the study on number words, has found that the amount of talk young children hear about the spatial properties of the physical world—how big or small or round or sharp objects are—predicts kids' problem-solving abilities as they prepare to enter kindergarten.41 【C1】42 【C2】43 【C3】44 【C4】45 【C5】Part CDirections: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. (10 points)45 More than any other date on the calendar, Thanksgiving has remained private and personal, without the trappings that spoil the rest of contemporary life.【F1】On this holiday, Americans are allowed to be as prayerful or as worldly as they choose, with no one complaining that they have somehow taken the thanks out of Thanksgiving.For all the public talk about family values, no other holiday brings generations together without the lure of anything more tangible than a good dinner. Distractions are gloriously limited: the malls are closed and the televised sports offerings sparse.【F2】Unlike New Year's Eve, no one feels compelled to have the time of one's life or broods excessively when reality fails to conform to these exaggerated expectations. The perfect Thanksgiving is timeless.No gastronomical(art of cooking good food or the pleasure of eating it)theory can explain the enduring appeal of the Thanksgiving dinner. Americans have grown accustomed to utter commercialism taken to excess, but somehow Thanksgiving has resisted the lure of an age of agreed.【F3】The greeting-card producers and the florists must lament a national holiday in which they are doomed to play such a minor role. For if one cares to send the very best, one flies home for Thanksgiving. Even the TV networks have never figured out a way to transform Thanksgiving into a prime-time pageant.【F4】Politicians are happily silent on Thanksgiving, and such restraint is appropriate for a holiday that commemorates one of the rare occasions when the white man treated the Indian with dignity and respect. But public officials may also be restrained by the experience of Franklin Roosevelt, the only modem President to try to tamper with Thanksgiving. Back in 1939, Roosevelt touched off a patriotic uprising when he issued a proclamation unilaterally shifting Thanksgiving from the then customary last Thursday in November(the 30th)to the fourth Thursday(the 23rd)as a way of granting Depression-era merchants a longer Christmas selling season.【F5】What adds an odd, almost innocent flavor to this bygone controversy is the old-fashioned notion that department stores wait patiently until the end of Thanksgiving to unveil Santa's workshop. In a nation where the mall never gets tedious and seven-days-a-week shopping seems valued as a civic religion, Thanksgiving stands out as an oasis of quietness and a reminder of the values that once tempered America's materialism. This Thursday give thanks for the one holiday that cannot be bought.46 【F1】47 【F2】48 【F3】49 【F4】50 【F5】Part ADirections: Write a composition/letter of no less than 100 words on the following information. (10 points)51 The dean of Computer Science Department learns the news that Prof. Smith, a famous scholar in Information Technology, is planning an academic tour to Asia. As the assistant to the dean, you are required to write a formal letter to Prof. Smith to1)invite him for a short-visit and give some lectures and2)need to specify the arrangements during his stay.You should write about 100 words on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use "Li Ming" instead.Do not write the address.Part BDirections: Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following information. (20 points)52 Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should1)describe the drawing briefly,2)interpret its intended meaning, and3)give your comments.You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.(20points)。