2018届上海市高考压轴卷 英语(扫描版)
2018上海高考英语
2018上海高考英语The 2018 Shanghai College Entrance Examination (commonly known as the Gaokao) is an important event in the lives of millions of Chinese students. This standardized test determines their academic future and serves as a gateway to higher education. The English section of the Gaokao is particularly significant as it assesses students' English language proficiency and communication skills. In this article, we will explore the format of the 2018 Shanghai Gaokao English exam and discuss the key areas that students should focus on to succeed.The English section of the 2018 Shanghai Gaokao is divided into three parts: listening comprehension, reading comprehension, and writing. The listening comprehension section tests students' ability to understand and interpret spoken English. It consists of multiple-choice questions based on recorded conversations and monologues. To excel in this section, students should practice listening to English audio materials regularly and improve their ability to catch important information and infer meaning from context.The reading comprehension section assesses students' reading skills and their ability to comprehend and analyze written English texts. This section includes a variety of reading materials such as articles, advertisements, and letters. To excel in this section, students should practice reading English articles from various sources, such as newspapers, magazines, and online platforms. They should also develop skills in skimming and scanning to quickly locate relevant information and answer questions effectively.The writing section is a crucial part of the English exam as it tests students' ability to express themselves in written English. Students are required to write an essay on a given topic, expressing their opinions and supporting them with relevant arguments and examples. To excel in this section, students should practice writing essays on a wide range of topics, focusing on organizing their ideas, using appropriate vocabulary andgrammar, and developing strong arguments. It is also important for students to practice time management to ensure they can complete the essay within the given time frame.In addition to these specific sections, there are some general strategies that students can employ to enhance their performance in the 2018 Shanghai Gaokao English exam. Firstly, students should allocate sufficient time for exam preparation and create a study schedule that allows for regular practice in all areas of the English language. Consistency and persistence are key to mastering the language. Secondly, students should make use of available resources, such as textbooks, online materials, and mock exams, to familiarize themselves with the exam format and practice under realistic test conditions. Lastly, it is crucial for students to stay calm and confident during the exam. Nervousness can hinder performance, so students should practice relaxation techniques, such as deep breathing and positive self-talk, to stay focused and composed.In conclusion, the 2018 Shanghai Gaokao English exam is an important milestone for Chinese students. By understanding the format of the exam and focusing on key areas such as listening comprehension, reading comprehension, and writing, students can improve their chances of success. By adopting effective study strategies, utilizing available resources, and maintaining a calm and confident mindset, students can perform their best and achieve their desired results in the exam.。
上海高考压轴卷英语Word版含答案解析
绝密★启封前上海高考压轴卷英语考生注意：1.考试时间120分钟, 试卷满分150分。
本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。
试卷分为第I卷（第1－12页）和第II卷（第13页），全卷共13页。
所有答题必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。
答题前,务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名,并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置上,在答题纸反而清楚地填写姓名。
第I卷(共103分)Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1．A．He knows who is knocking. B．He is eager to know who it is.C．He doesn’t want to open the door. D．He is ready to open the door.2．A．By plane. B．By bus. C．By taxi. D．By train.3．A．$100. B．$200. C．$300. D．$400.4．30．A．She went to cinema. B．She went to an exhibition.C．She stayed at home. D．She stayed with her classmates.5．A．In a doctor’s office. B．In a professor’s office.C．In an operating room. D．In an emergency ward.6．A．The man paid the tuition for learning physics. B．The man got a lot of money for his hard work.C．His hard work was not rewarding at all. D．His work before the test led to a good result.7．A．A furnished house. B．A recent book. C．A further study. D．A new record.34．A．They will go swimming. B．They will climb mountains.C．They will buy some clothes. D．They will forecast the weather conditions.8．A．He has another lecture to attend.B．He has no interest in the lecture.C．He’s attended the same lecture given by Professor Wilson before.D．He might miss the lecture, if the woman didn’t remind him.9．A．She fully agrees with the man. B．They are uncertain about the weather.C．She disagrees with the man. D．She thought the man was always late.10.A. She fully agrees with the man.B. They are uncertain about the weather.C. She disagrees with the man.D. She thought the man was always late.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear one longer conversation and two short passages, and you will be asked several questions on each of the conversation and the passages. The conversation and the passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following dialogue.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11．A．People are encouraged to be a craftsman.B．Learning woodworking is not as hard as you think.C．Learning woodworking will help you know more people.D．Taking a class in woodworking will be very helpful.12．A．Because I am a talent in this art and want to share it with others.B．Because I am interested in it and want to show it to others.C．Because I wonder how to pick materials and how to do it well.D．Because it’s a good way to know more people interested in it.13．A．You can expect to do woodworking perfectly the very first time.B．Doing woodworking means being alone for long.C．You can also learn from other people interested in woodworking.D．Taking a class in woodworking costs a lot of money.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14．A．To analyze causes and effects of using a credit card.B．To encourage people to borrow money from banks.C．To let people know the responsibility in using a credit card.D．To present the effect of computers in popularizing the use of credit cards. 15．A．The development of computers.B．People’s greediness for more money.C．People’s needs for less paper money.D．People’s learning to be more responsible.16．A．To learn to be responsible by using credit cards.B．To stop using credit cards and borrow money from friends or relatives. C．To pay money back as fast as possible after using credit cards.D．To stop borrowing money and use your own funds for shopping. Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following passage.17．A．A newspaper. B．An advertisement company.C．A cleanup company. D．A market.18．A．She wants to spare more room for something new.B．She wants to turn their old stuff into cash at a low cost.C．She knows that the sales consultant before the man does.D．She just wants to clean up their house.19．A．Rudy is likely to buy their stuff.B．Rudy will come and take their stuff away.C．Rudy plays guitar as well as the man.D．Rudy will help them with the ad and the sale.20．A．His old guitar.B．Their appliances, jewelry, furniture and exercise equipment.C．The spring cleanup sale.D．The low cost of ad and friendly service.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the properform. of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.A painter hangs his or her finished pictures on a wall, and everyone can see it. A composer writes a work, but no one can hear it 21．it is performed. Professional singers and players have great responsibilities, for the composer is absolutely dependent on them. A student of music needs as long and as tough a training to become a performer as a medical student needs22．（become）a doctor. Most training is concerned23．technique, for musicians have to be as muscularly skillful as an athlete or a ballet dancer. Singers practice breathing every day, as their vocal chords（声带）would be inadequate without24．（control）muscular support. String players practice moving the fingers of the left hand up and down, while drawing the bow back and forth with the right arm,25．are two entirely different movements.Singers and instruments have to be able to get every note perfectly in tune. Pianists 26．（spare）this particular anxiety, for the notes are already there, and it is the piano tuner’s responsibility to tune the instrument for27．. But they have their own difficulties; the hammers that hit the string must be dealt with carefully not to sound like drum or bass, and each tone, even if played very fast, has to sound clear.The problem28．（face）student conductors is that they have to learn to know every note of the music and29．it should sound, and they need to aim at controlling these sound with enthusiastic but selfless authority.Technique is of no use unless it is combined with musical knowledge and understanding. Great artists are those who are so thoroughly at home in the language of music30．they can enjoy performing works written in any century.Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be教育精品A．perspectives B．explore C．qualities D．powerfully E.appreciateF. purposeG. constructiveH.conceptsI.demonstratedJ.motivatedK. recommendationDear Admissions Committee,I had the pleasure of teaching Sara in her 11th grade honors English class at Mark Twain High School. From the first day of class, Sara impressed me with her ability to clearly explain difficult 31．and texts, her sensitivity to the slight differences within literature, and her passion for reading, writing, and creative expression—both in and out of the classroom. Sara is a talented literary critic and poet, and she has my highest 32．as a student and writer.Sara is talented at considering the elegances within literature and the 33．behind authors' works. She produced an extraordinary yearlong thesis paper on creative identity development, in which she compared works from three different time periods and synthesized cultural and historical 34．to inform her analysis. When called upon to give her thesis defense in front of her peers, Sara spoke clearly and35．about her conclusions and responded to questions in a thoughtful way. Outside of the classroom, Sara is devoted to her literary pursuits, especially to poetry. She publishes her poetry in our school's literary magazine, as well as in online magazines. She is an insightful, sensitive, and deeply selfaware individual driven to 36．art, writing, and a deeper understanding of the human condition.Throughout the year Sara was an active participant in our discussions, and she always supported her peers. Her caring nature and personality allow her to work well with others in a team setting, as she always respects others' opinions even when they differ from her own. When we held a class debate about gun laws, Sara chose to speak for the side opposite her own views. She explained her choice as37．by a desire to put herself in other people's shoes, view the issues from a new perspective, and gain a clearer sense of the issue from all angles. Throughout the year, Sara 38．this openness to the opinions, feelings, and perspectives of others, along with sharp powers of observation, all 39．that make her outstanding as a student of literature and burgeoning writer.I am certain that Sara is going to continue to do great and creative things in her future. I highly recommend her for admission to your undergraduate program. She is talented, caring, dedicated, and focused in her pursuits. Sara consistently seeks out 40．feedback so she can improve her writing skills, which is a rare and impressive quality in a high school student. Sara is truly a standout individual who will impress everyone she meets. Please feel free to contact me if you have any questions at callmeclemens@.Sincerely,Ms. ScribeEnglish TeacherMark Twain High SchoolIII. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.教育精品Research has shown that twothirds of human conversation is taken up not with discussion of the cultural or political problems of the day, not heated debates about films we've just watched or books we've just finished reading, but plain and simple 41 .Language is our greatest treasure as a species, and what do we 42 do with it? We gossip. About others' behaviour and private lives, such as who's doing what with whom, who's in and who's out——and why; how to deal with difficult 43 situations involving children, lovers, and colleagues.So why are we keen on gossiping? Are we just natural 44 , of both time and words? Or do we talk a lot about nothing in particular simply to avoid facing up to the really important issues of life? It's not the case according to Professor Robin Dunbar. In fact, in his latest book, Grooming, Gossip and the Evolution of Language, the psychologist says gossip is one of these really 45 issues.Dunbar 46 the traditional view that language was developed by the men at the early stage of social development in order to organize their manly hunting activities more effectively, or even to promote the exchange of poetic stories about their origins and the supernatural. Instead he suggests that language evolved among women. We don't spend twothirds of our time gossiping just because we can talk, argues Dunbar —47 , he goes on to say, language evolved specifically to allow us to gossip.Dunbar arrived at his cheery theory by studying the 48 of the higher primates like monkeys. By means of grooming——cleaning the fur by brushing it, monkeys form groups with other individuals on whom they can rely for support in the event of some kind of conflict withinthe group or 49 from outside it.As we human beings evolve from a particular branch of the primate family, Dunbar 50 that at one time in our history we did much the same. Grouping together made sense because the bigger the group, the greater the 51 it provided; on the other hand, the bigger the group, the greater the stresses of living close to others. Grooming helped to 52 the pressure and calm everybody down.But as the groups got bigger and bigger, the amount of time spent in grooming activities also had to be 53 to maintain its effectiveness. Clearly, a more 54 kind of grooming was needed, and thus language evolved as a kind of vocal grooming which allowed humans to develop relationship with everlarger groups by exchanging information over a wider network of individuals than would be possible by onetoone 55 contact. 41．A．claim B．description C．gossip D．language42．A．occasionally B．habitually C．independently D．originally 43．A．social B．political C．historical D．cultural44．A．admirers B．masters C．users D．wasters45．A．vital B．sensitive C．ideal D．difficult46．A．confirms B．rejects C．outlines D．broadens47．A．for instance B．in addition C．on the contrary D．as a result 48．A．motivation B．appearance C．emotion D．behavior49．A．attack B．contact C．inspection D．assistance50．A．recalls B．denies C．concludes D．confesses51．A．prospect B．responsibility C．leadership D．protection 52．A．measure B．show C．maintain D．ease53．A．saved B．extended C．consumed D．gained54．A．common B．efficient C．scientific D．thoughtful55．A．indirect B．daily C．physical D．secretSection BDirection：Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished sattments. For each of them there are four choices markedA, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)In a career that lasted more than half a century, Tom Wolfe wrote fiction and nonfiction bestsellers including The Electric KoolAid Acid Test and The Bonfire of the Vanities. Along the way, he created a new type of journalism and coined phrases that became part of the American vocabulary.Wolfe began working as a newspaper reporter, first for The Washington Post, then the New York Herald Tribune. He developed a literary style in nonfiction that became known as the “New Journalism.” “I’ve always agreed on a theoretical level that the techniques for fiction and nonfiction are interchangeable,” he said. “The things that work in nonfiction would work in fiction, and vice versa.”“When Tom Wolfe’s voice broke into the world of nonfictio n, it was a time when a lot of writers, and a lot of artists in general, were turning inwards,” says Lev Grossman, book critic for Time magazine. “Wolfe didn’t do that. Wolfe turned outwards. He was a guy who was interested in other people.” Wolfe was inte rested in how they thought, how they did things and how the things they did affected the world around them.In 1979, Wolfe published The Right Stuff, an account of the military test pilots who became America’s first astronauts. Four years later, the book was adapted as a feature film. “The Right Stuff was the book for me,” says Grossman. “It reminded me, in case I’d forgotten, that the world is an incredible place.”In The Right Stuff, Wolfe popularized the phrase “pushing the envelope.” In a New Yo rk magazine article, Wolfe described the 1970s as “The ‘Me’ Decade.” Grossman says these phrases became part of the American idiom because they were accurate.“He was an enormously forceful observer, and he was not afraid of making strong claims about what was happening in reality,” Grossman says. “He did it well and people heard him. And they repeated what he said because he was right.” All those words started a revolution in nonfiction that is still going on.56. The “New Journalism” is a style of journalism that .A. changes its news writing techniques frequentlyB. popularizes new American idioms in a literary wayC. combines novelistic techniques with traditional reportingD. reports various news events from a theoretical perspective57. It can be learned from the passage that The Right Stuff .A. is a film directed by Lev GrossmanB. is an influential book by Tom WolfeC. accounts for popular American phrasesD. deals with incredible places in the world58. According to the passage, Tom Wolfe .A. was good at reporting news from a realistic perspectiveB. preferred making claims about events to writing booksC. was fond of commenting on other people’s thoughtsD. liked analyzing social problems from the outside59. Which of the following is the best title for the passage?A. Tom Wolfe: A Professional Phrase CoinerB. Tom Wolfe: A Forceful Observer and NovelistC. Tom Wolfe: A Theoretical Creator in LiteratureD. Tom Wolfe: An Innovative Journalist and Writer（B）The idea of using radio or wireless to broadcast to audiences was formed in 1916 by a president of the American Marconi Company, David Sarnoff. His superiors were doubtful about his idea to “make radio a household cause, so that by purchase of a ‘radio music box’, the audience could enjoy lectures, music performance, etc.”Four years later the American engineer Frank Conrad, an employee at W E Corp, attracted considerable attention when a local newspaper reported on the growing audience listening on crystal radio sets to his evening and weekend amateur broadcasts. A local music store had provided records to play on the Victoria, and Conrad and his family served as disc jockeys(唱片音乐播音员). Westinghouse vice president Harry Davis asked Conrad to build a more powerful transmitter(发射台)in time to announce the outcome of the next US presidential election. Conrad completed his assignment, and on November 2, 1920, station KDKA in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, broadcast the announcement that Warren G. Harding had been elected president. About 1000 people heard this first news broadcast.Radio communicated news much faster than did newspapers, and because crystal sets were easy to build and inexpensive, radio expanded rapidly in the following years. To stimulate the sale of radio sets, equipment manufactures provided transmitting facilities. Singers, comedians, and entire orchestras volunteered their services for publicity. The eventual financial basis of the new industry, however, was still unclear. One group in New York City tried to seek contributions from listeners while others urged that private foundations support radio stations as a public service. In August 1922 the first commercial radio advertisement was broadcast on WEAF (now WNBC) in New York City. In 1926, when about 5 million homes had radios, the Radio Corporation of America (RCA), in cooperation with the American Telephone & Telegraph Company, established the first commercial radio network. In the 1920s radio was established as a new mass medium had a practicable industry, and it became a national forum(论坛)for news and popular culture.59．The passage is mainly concerned with .A．the contribution of radio to popular cultureB．the invention and uses of radioC．early radio programs for a mass audienceD．the history of radio broadcasting60．Who started broadcasting radio programs to mass audience?A．Frank Conrad B．David Sarnoff C．Harry Davis D．Warren Harding61．After 1920, radio expanded rapidly because .A．people could easily get it in stores B．it was cheaper than newspapersC．it had advantages over newspapers D．people were interested in anything new62．By saying that “the eventual financial basis of the new industry was still unclear”, the author means that .A．the private foundations were unwilling to support the stationsB．the stations were not sure yet where to get the operational moneyC．advertising and commercial programs could not raise enough moneyD．the listeners would not pay for the broadcasting stations(C)The Earth is facing a climate crisis, but it’s also getting greener and leafier. According to new research, the rise is largely due to China and India.A study by National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), based on extensive satellite photographs and published in the journal Nature Sustainability, has revealed that the two countries with the world’s biggest populations are also responsible for the largest increase in greenness.Since 2000, the planet’s green leaf area has increased by 5 percent, or over 2 million square miles. That’s an area equivalent to the sum total of the Amazon rainforests, NASA says. Butresearchers stressed that the new greenery does not neutralize deforestation and its negative impacts on ecosystems elsewhere.A third of the leaf increase is thanks to China and India, due to the implementation of major treeplanting projects alongside a vast increase in agriculture.Using the data from a NASA sensor, researchers discovered that China is the source of a quarter of the increase in green leaf area, despite possessing only 6.6 percent of the world’s vegetated area (植被区). Forests account for 42 percent of that increase, while croplands make up a further 32 percent. China’s increase in forest area is the result of forest preservation and expansion programs, NASA said, established to fight against the impacts of climate change, air pollution and soil erosion (水土流失). India has contributed a further 6.8 percent rise in green leaf area, with 82 percent from croplands and 4.4 percent from forests.Rama Nemani, a coauthor of the study and a researcher at NASA’s Ames Research Center, said in a statement, “When the greening of th e Earth was first observed, we thought it was due to a warmer, wetter climate and fertilization from the added carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, leading to more leaf growth in northern forests, for instance.” “Now, with the data that lets us understand the phenomenon at really small scales, we see that humans are also contributing,” Nemani said. “This will help scientists make better predictions about the behavior of different Earth systems, which will help countries make better decisions about how and when to take action.”Thomas Pugh, a professor at the University of Birmingham’s School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, said the NASA report expands scientists’ understanding of the causes behind global greening. But he also cautioned that a direct line cannot be drawn between an increase in global greening and a decrease in negative impacts of climate change.63. The passage mainly tells us that .A. China and India have the world’s largest green leaf areasB. China and India are the lead role players in global greeningC. our planet is experiencing a climate crisis despite human effortsD. our planet is getting greener due to the joint efforts of the world64. What can be learned about China and India?A. The area of croplands in India is larger than that in China.B. India’s rise in leaf area is largely due to its forestry program.C. They both show a greater increase in forests than in croplands.D. China boasts twentyfive percent of the global rise in leaf area.65. According to Rama Nemani, their new findings are .A. unexpected but significantB. surprising but valuelessC. predictable but disappointingD. uncontrollable but inspiring66. What can be inferred from the passage?A. There is an indirect link between global greening and climate change.B. The new greenery does not have any positive effect on the global climate.C. The gain in greenness does not make up for the damage from loss of leaf area.D. The increase in greening reduces the deforestation rate and its impact globally.Section CDirections : Complete the following passage by using the sentences listed below. Each sentence can only be used once. Note that there are two sentences more than you need.A. Cleaning your community will have a positive effect on others in society.B. Then find a need or an issue you really care about.C. But they belong to the community, too.D. Living in a clean neighborhood will be its own rewardE. Don’t hesitate to take part in the community’s activityF. Round up some readersgetting involved is not difficult. Take stock of your own talents and interests. 67. Don’t wait for someone else to act first. Take the initiative! Once you see what you can accomplish, you’ll wantto keep going.Here are just a few ways to make a difference in your community. How many more wayscan you come up with?Clean up the community. People often throw litter in places where there is already litter. And the problem only becomes worse until someone gets fed up and does something. Could your neighborhood use a cleanup? Neighborhood cleanups are often sponsored by local businesses or schools. But if your community doesn’t have a cleanup program, get together with friends to organize one. You could pick up garbage in a larger area twice a year, or you couldclean a smaller area every few months. 68.Include the isolated. Do you know anyone who is housebound? Almost all neighborhoods have a few people who have to stay at their homes. These people are often elderly and unable to leave their homes to perform simple tasks. 69. By letting them “borrow” your legs and eyes, you can make them feel included. You can run errands for them like shopping or paying bills. They might like you to read to them if their eyesight is failing. Governments provide some of the services these people need, but programs cannot give them friendship; that’s what communit iesare for!70. Reading clubs are popular all over Europe and North America. Members might read at home to prepare for discussion, or they might read aloud to each other and talk about what they just read. Either way, a book or article can spark lively discussion and this often challengespeople to take action.Section DDirections : Read the following passage , Summarize the main idea and the main points of the passage in no more than 60 words . Use your own words as far as possible.Are you working with your computer routinely either as a office employee or a game lover? Are your eyes dry, watery, blurry, seeing double or sensitive to light? If your answer is a “yes”, you are likely one of many people today who suffer from digital eyestrain, also called computervision syndrome. What on earth is this syndrome coming from? What can we do to deal with this problem?Eyestrain is often related to the amount of exposure to screens, the distance from eyes to screens and the use of multiple screens simultaneously. However, studies have also shown that the blue light produced by digital devices today reaches further into the eyes than other kinds of light. This light actually assists attention during the day but can result in interrupted sleep patterns at night.Years of scientific researches indicate that eyestrain isn’t necessarily an unavoidable problem for those who deal with computer work in the daily base. There are ways you can adopt which can overcome the problem considerably. To begin with, your computer screen should be highresolution(高分辨率), at least 50 centimeters wide diagonally and may require a screen filter to decrease reflections. Also, be aware that “computer glasses”, which cut down glare and blue light，are available.Besides, to reduce your risk for computervision syndrome, take frequent breaks during your computer workday. Many workers take only two 15minute breaks from their computerthroughout their day. According to a recent study, eyestrain are significantly reduced when computer workers take four additional fiveminute “minibreaks”throughout their workday.Finally, many of us fall into bad habits while using digital screens, which only worsen the effects of eyestrain. While viewing digital screens, many people blink (眨眼) one third less often than they usually do. Place a reminder on your computer to “blink” so that your eyes don’t dry out.第II卷(共47分)I.TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72. 远足是我们接触大自然的最简单方式之一。
【高三英语试题精选】2018届高考英语压轴卷(解析版)
2018届高考英语压轴卷（解析版）绝密★启封前seasonGo to your desired destination while the demand is loand take advantage of huge discounts During the peak season, the hotel and flight prices increase quickly, and you’ll likely spend more of your vacation time standing in line due to the rush of tourists 3637Websites can help you find discount hotel rooms Look for places that do not charge extra for children if they use the existing bedding Stay wit h the locals If you and your family are going to stay for a longer period, renting a small apartment is a good choiceEat like a localWhy eat at big chain restaurants when you can experience something new? 38 During your family trip, try nefood where the locals eat This will not just save money, but also provide you with a neand different experience For smaller meals and snacks, avoid restaurants and try street food or other takeout Don’t hesitate to bargainTourist- heavy places are known for overcharging for just about everything Clothes, travel goodies, souvenirs, etc are very expensive at these places 39 Bargain hard to get the best priceChoose local transportation40 Instead, take buses, railways or subways, which are always cheaper If you are plannin g to stay for a while, you。
2018年上海高考英语真题
2018年上海高考英语真题学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________一、用单词的适当形式完成短文阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
A comprehensive study of 4,500 children conducted by the National Institutes of Health in 2018 shows that children who spent more than seven hours a day staring at screens showed evidence of premature thinning of their brain's cortex一the outer layer that processes sensory information. "We don't know if it 1．(cause) by the screen time. We don't know yet if it's a bad thing. It won't be until we follow them over time 2．we will see if there are outcomes that are associated with the differences that we're seeing in this single snapshot, Dr. Gaya Dowling.u What we can say is that this is 3．the brains look like of kids who spend a lot of time on screens. And it's not just one pattern."The problem isn't just screens 4．, but also the way screens tempt kids (and adults) away from something far more important: physical activity. More than 23 percent of adults and 80 percent of adolescents don't get enough physical activity, and according to a 2019 report from the World Health Organization (WHO) , these patterns of activity and rest arise 5．habits we develop early in life. u What we really need to do is 6．(bring) back play for children," says Dr. Juana Willumsen, a WHO specialist in childhood obesity and physical activity, in a statement about new WHO guidelines issued in April 2019. “ This is about making the shift from sedentary time to playtime, while 7．(protect) sleep. Of course, children aren't completely to blame for their screen addiction.Sometimes, the parents 8．complain about the role of screens in family life are just as guilty of spending too much time in front of one. A 2016 study 9．(conduct) by Common Sense Media found that parents spend up to nine hours a day in front of screens, mostly not for work-related reasons. While 78 percent of parents said they believed they were good screen time role models, the study found a disconnect between their behavior and their perception of their behavior. Parents need to limit screen time for themselves and especially for their kids一10．it means playing the bad guy. Our mental and physical health depends on it.二、选用适当的单词或短语补全短文Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can onlybe used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Some Very "American" Words Come from ChineseMany of the Chinese words that are now part of English were borrowed long ago. They are most often from Cantonese(粤语)or other Chinese languages rather than Mandarin. Let's start with them.kowtowThe English word kowtow is a verb that means to agree too easily to do what someone else wants you to do, or to obey someone with power in a way that seems 11．. It comes from the Cantonese word kau tau, which means " knock your head ”. It refers to the act of kneeling and lowering one's head as a sign of respect to 12．—such as emperors, elders and leaders. In the case of emperors, the act required the person to touch their head to the ground. Britain's Lord George Macartney refused to “kau tau" to the Qianlong Emperor. Soon after, the English word "kowtow" was born. In 1793, Britain's King George III sent Lord George Macartney and other trade ambassadors to China to 13．a trade agreement. The Chinese asked them to kowtow to the Qianlong Emperor. As the story goes, Lord Macartney refused for his 14．to do more than bend their knees. He said that was all they were required to do for their own king.It is not surprising, then, that Macartney left China without negotiating the trade agreement. After that, critics used the word kowtow when anyone was too submissive to China. Today, the usage has no connection to China, nor any specific political connection.gung-hoAnother borrowed word that came about through 15．between two nations is gung-ho. In English, the word gung-ho is an adjective that means extremely excited about doing something. The Chinese characters " gong" and " he" together mean " work together, cooperate. " The original term—gongyehezudshe—means Chinese Industrial Cooperatives. The organizations were established in the 1930s by Westerners in China to promote industrial and economic development. Lt. Colonel Evans Carlson of the United States Marine Corps observed these cooperatives while he was in China. He was impressed, saying "... all the soldiers 16．themselves to one idea and worked together to put that idea over. " He then began using the term gung-ho in the Marine Corps to try to create the same spirit he had 17．. In 1942, he usedthe word as a training slogan for the 2nd Marine Raider Battalion during World War II.The men were often called the “Gung Ho Battalion". From then, the word gung-ho spread as a slogan throughout the Marine Coips. Today, its meaning has no relation to the military.typhoon In English, a typhoon is a very powerful and 18．storm that occurs around the China Sea and in the South Pacific. The word history of typhoon had a far less direct path to the English language than gung-ho. And not all historical accounts are the same. But, according to the Merriam-Webster New Book of Word Histories, the first typhoons reported in the English language were in India and were called " touffons" or "tufans". The word tufan or al-tufan is Arabic and means violent storm or flood. The English came across this word in India and boiTowed it as touffon. Later, when English ships encountered violent storms in the China Sea, Englishmen learned the Cantonese word tai fung, which means great wind. ‘‘ The wo rd's 19．to touffon is only by chance. The modern form of the word—typhoon—was influenced by the Cantonese but 20．to make it appear more Greek.三、完形填空When 17-year-old Quattro Musser hangs out with friends, they don't drink beer or cruise around in cars with their dates. 21 , they stick to G-rated activities such as rock- climbing or talking about books.They are in good company, according to a new study showing that teenagers are increasingly delaying activities that had long been seen as rites of passage into 22 . The study, published Tuesday in the journal Child Development, found that the percentage of adolescents in the U. S. who have a driver's license, who have tried alcohol, who date, and who work for pay has plummeted since 1976, with the most precipitous (急剧的) 23 in the past decade. The declines appeared across race, geographic, and socioeconomic lines, and in rural, urban, and suburban areas.To be sure, more than half of teens still engage in these activities, but the 24 have slimmed considerably. Teens have also reported a steady decline in sexual activity in recent decades, as the portion of high school students who have had sex fell from 54 percent in 1991 to 41 percent in 2015, according to Centers for Disease Control statistics. u People say, 'Oh, it's because teenagers are more responsible, or more lazy, or more boring, ' but they're 25the larger trend," said Jean Twenge, lead author of the study, which drew on seven largetime-lag surveys of Americans. Rather, she said, kids may be less 26 in activities suchas dating, driving or getting jobs because in today's society, they no longer need to.According to an evolutionary psychology theory that a person's "life strategy" slows down or speeds up depending on his or her 27 , exposure to a "harsh and unpredictable" environment leads to faster development, while a more resource-rich and secure environment has the 28 effect, the study said. In the first 29 , "You'd have a lot of kids and be in survival mode, start having kids young, expect your kids will have kids young, and expect that there will be more 30 and fewer resources, " said Twenge, a psychology professor at San Diego State University who is the author of "iGen：Why Today's Super- Connected Kids Are Growing Up Less Rebellious, More Tolerant, Less Happy-and Completely Unprepared for Adulthood."In that model a teenage boy might be thinking more 31 about marriage, and driving a car and working for pay would be important for “ establishing mate value based on procurement of resources," the study said. But America is shifting more toward the 32 model, and the change is apparent across the socioeconomic spectrum, Twenge said. u Even in families whose parents didn't have a college education. . . families are smaller, and the idea that children need to be carefully 33 has really sunk in. ‘‘ The 34 of 41 adult activities'' could not be attributed to more homework or extracurricular activities, the study said, noting that teens today spend fewer hours on homework and the same amount of time on extracurriculars as they did in the 1990 s (with the exception of community service, which has risen slightly). Nor could the use of smartphones and the Internet be entirely the 35 , the report said, since the decline began before they were widely available. If the delay is to make room for creative exploration and forming better social and emotional connections, it is a good thing, he said.21．A．Therefore B．Rather C．Moreover D．Besides 22．A．childhood B．neighborhood C．adolescents D．adulthood 23．A．escapes B．ends C．decreases D．changes 24．A．minorities B．majorities C．masses D．amounts 25．A．taking B．avoiding C．sending D．missing 26．A．interested B．envied C．relieved D．realized 27．A．emotions B．surroundings C．customs D．habits 28．A．wrong B．same C．opposite D．similar 29．A．event B．issue C．case D．occasion30．A．trouble B．questions C．benefits D．diseases 31．A．respectively B．delicately C．seriously D．considerably 32．A．slower B．better C．smaller D．faster 33．A．emphasized B．related C．organized D．educated 34．A．implement B．postponement C．achievement D．payment 35．A．cause B．impact C．fact D．result四、阅读选择Bitcoin and other so-called cryptocurrencies （加密货币）have been all over the news lately. Apparently, the idea of money that's not tied to a specific bank—or a specific country—is appealing to many. But it's worth remembering that the banking system that we now all live with is just that：A modern invention. Not so long ago, money was almost always created and used locally, and bartering was common. （In fact, it still is common among many online local networks, like the Buy Nothing Project.）.In the past, money's makeup varied from place to place, depending on what was considered valuable there. So while some of the world's first coins were made from a naturally occurring hybrid of gold and silver called electrum （银金矿），objects other than coins have served as currency, including beads, ivory, livestock, and cowrie shells. In West Africa, bracelets of bronze or copper were used as cash, especially if the transaction was associated with the slave trade there. Throughout the colonial period, tobacco was used to replace coins or paper bills in Virginia, Maryland and North Carolina, even though it was used elsewhere in the colonies and extensively throughout Europe and the U. K.Today, on an island in the Pacific, a specific type of shell still serves as currency—and some people there are even hoarding（贮存）it, just like Bitcoin moguls, convinced that one day, it will make them wealthy beyond imagination. On Malaita, the most-populated island that's part of the Solomon Islands, shells are accepted at most places in exchange for goods."How much tuna（金枪鱼）you can get for your shells depends on their color and shape," Mary Bruno, a shop owner from the small town of Auki, on Malaita, told Vice. "One strip of darker shells might get you about two cans of smaller tuna, but the red ones are worth more. For the red ones, one strip might get enough tuna to feed a big family for a long time."Just like a mint that creates coins, there's only one place on the island where the shells, which are polished and strung together to form 3-foot-long ropes, are made. The strips of red,white, and black shells all come from Langa Langa Lagoon, where artificial islands were long-ago built by locals to escape from the island-dwelling cannibals. Once marooned（困住）out on their islands, locals needed a currency to use among themselves, and so the shell currency was born.Using shells for money was common throughout the Pacific islands as late as the early 1900s, but Malaita is unique in that they are still used today. And just like cryptocurrencies, there are those who think the islanders are smart to invest in this type of money, which is reported to have risen in value over the last three decades. It might seem strange to hoard a bunch of processed, strung-together shells, but what is a pile of dollars? Just a specially printed piece of paper and hemp that we've assigned value to—and probably less durable over time than those shells.36．According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE?A．Money was created and was widely used in the world.B．Tobacco was used as coins or paper bills in American in the past.C．The ingredients of world’s first coins may be the combination of gold and silver. D．Using shells for money has been out of date in the world.37．The word "mint" in paragraph 5 is closest in the meaning to .A．a kind of money that can exchangeB．the leaves of a mint plant used fresh or candiedC．a place to produce and polish shellsD．a factory that produces currency38．What's opinion of the author towards shells for money?A．Reasonable. B．Imaginary.C．Convenient. D．Inventive.39．Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?A．The History of BitcoinB．Shells Still MoneyC．The Currency Is of Great UseD．Some ShellsMoving a GiantThe logistics of excavating(挖掘)and relocating a town's century-old, living sequoia(红杉)tree. Inhabitants of Boise, Idaho, watched with trepidation earlier this year as the city's oldest, tallest resident moved two blocks. The 105-year-old sequoia tree serves as a local landmark, not only for its longevity but also because renowned naturalist and Sierra Club cofounder John Muir provided the original seedling. So, when Saint Luke's Health System found that the 10-story-tall conifer(针叶树)stood stood in the way of its planned hospital expansion, officials called tree-moving firm Environmental Design.The Texas-based company has developed and patented scooping and lifting technology to move massive trees. Weighing in at more than 800,000 pounds, the Boise sequoia is its largest undertaking yet. "I (had) lost enough sleep over this," says David Cox, the company's Western region vice president—and that was before the hospital mentioned the tree's distinguished origin. Before the heavy lifting began, the team assessed the root system and dug afive-foot-deep cylinder, measuring 40 feet in diameter, around the trunk to protect all essential roots. After encapsulating the root ball in wire mesh, the movers allowed the tree to adapt to its new situation for seven months before relocating it. The illustration details what followed. —Leslie Nemo1. Mark A．Merit and his team at Environmental Design installed underneath the root balla platform of seven-inch-diameter, 44-foot-Iong steelbars and, just below the rods, a first set of uninflated airbags (shown in gray). The team also dug a shallow ramp.2. In roughly 15 minutes, the movers inflated the airbags to about three feet in diameter to raise the root ball to the surface of the hole.3. By underinflating the front bags, the team allowed the platform carrying the tree to roll up the ramp and out of the hole while staying level. A trailer hauled the tree along as team members removed the airbags from the back of the platform and replaced them in the front. They repeated the process until the tree arrived at the edge of its new home.4. There a second set of partially inflated bags (shown in white) waited inside the hole. Soil surrounding the sequoia in its original location was relocated as well, because trees are more likely to survive a transplant when they move with their original soil.5. Using the first set of airbags, the movers rolled the platform into the new hole.6. The bags waiting there were then inflated further to take the weight of the sequoia while the transportation bags were deflated and removed from under the tree.7. The white bags were then deflated in about half an hour to lower the sequoia's root ball to the bottom of its hole. The bags were removed, but the metal bars were left with the tree because they rust and degrade over a number of years.8. For the next five years the local park service will monitor and maintain the tree in its new home.40．Which of the following words can be used to replace the words underlined " stood in the way of" ?A．Resisted. B．Balanced.C．Blocked. D．Promoted.41．What is the reason for the relocation of Sequoia trees?A．Because the Scooping and lifting technology should be put into use.B．Because it blocks local hospital expansion plans.C．Because it corresponds to government’s pl an of Environmental Design.D．Because sequoia trees are over a hundred years old.42．How will the migrated sequoia trees be dealt with?A．They will be given new soil in the new living environment.B．Metal rods used to move sequoia trees will not be left on the trees.C．They will be kept in transport bags all the time.D．They will be managed by specialists in the next five years.Understand the Economic Concept of a Budget LineThe term “budget line" has several related meanings, including a couple that areself-evident and a third that is not.The Budget Line as an Informal Consumer UnderstandingThe budget line is an elementary concept that most consumers understand intuitively without a need for graphs and equations—it's the household budget, for example.Taken informally, the budget line describes the boundary of affordability for a given budget and specific goods.Given a limited amount of money, a consumer can only spend that same amount buying goods. If the consumer has X amount of money and wants to buy two goods A and B, she can only purchase goods totaling X. If the consumer needs an amount of A costing 0. 75 X, she can then spend only 0. 25 X, the amount remaining, on her purchase of B．This seems almost too obvious to bother writing or reading about. As it turns out, however, this same concept——one that most consumers make many times each day with reflecting on it—is the basis of the more formal budget line concept in economics, which is explained below.Lines in a BudgetBefore turning to t he economics definition of “budget line" , consider another concept: the line-item budget. This is effectively a map of future expenditures, with all the constituent expenditures individually noted and quantified. There's nothing very complicated about this；in this usage, a budget line is one of the lines in the budget, with the service or good to be purchased named and the cost quantified.The Budget Line as an Economics ConceptOne of the interesting ways the study of economics relates to human behavior generally is that a lot of economic theory is the formalization of the kind of simple concept outlined above— a consumer's informal understanding of the amount she has to spend and what that amount will buy.In the process of formalization, the concept can be expressed as a mathematical equation that can be applied generally.A Simple Budget Line GraphTo understand this, think of a graph where the vertical lines quantify how many movietickets you can buy and where the horizontal lines do the same for crime novels. You like going to the movies and reading crime novels and you have $ 150 to spend. In the example below, assume that each movie costs $ 10 and each crime novel costs $ 15. The more formal economics term for these two items is budget set.If movies cost $ 10 each, then the maximum number of movies you can see with the money available is 15. To note this you make a dot at the number 15 (for total movie tickets) at the extreme left-hand side of the chart. This same dot appears at the extreme left above "0" on the horizontal axis because you have no money left for books—the number of books available in this example is 0.You can also graph the other extreme—all crime novels and no movies. Since crime novels in the example cost $ 15 and you have $ 150 available, if you spend all the available money crime novels, you can buy 10. So you put a dot on the horizontal axis at the number 10.You'll place the dot at the bottom of the vertical axis because in this instance you have $ 0 available for movie tickets.If you now draw a line from the highest, leftmost dot to the lowest, rightmost dot you'll have created a budget line. Any combination of movies and crime novels that falls below the budget line is affordable. Any combination above it is not.43．Which sentence about the budget line is NOT TRUE?A．It is a limitation of affordability for a given budget and specific goods.B．Most costumers will be confused with this concept because of its complex.C．It is the effectively a map of future expenditures.D．It can be expressed as a mathematical equation.44．What is the purpose of the passage?A．To tell us any concept can be expressed as a mathematical equation.B．To help us figure out the meaning Budget Line.C．To tell us we should budget before we buy goods.D．To give an instruction of drawing a budget Line.45．Assume that each movie costs $ 10 and each crime novel costs $ 15, you have $ 150.Which is RIGHT according to this passage?A．The maximum number of movies you can see is 10.B．The maximum number of crime novels you can buy is 15.C．You can buy 7 crime novels and see 5 movies.D．You can buy 7 crime novels and see 4 movies.46．What is the best title of this passage?A．Are we really know the economic concept of a budget line?B．The Budget Line as an Economics ConceptC．The Budget Line as an Informal Consumer UnderstandingD．The Complex Concept—Budget Line五、六选四Magazine Articles: More Valuable Than You May ThinkParents are often surprised when teachers suggest their children read magazines. Read on to learn about the benefits that reading magazines offers to young readers and how to introduce your children to the medium.Magazine BenefitsMagazine articles can provide reluctant readers with a lively, breezy writing style that can inspire them to read more.The articles in magazines are generally short, which allows a child to finish reading a feature article without losing interest due to a short attention span. The writing in magazines also tends to be easy to read, especially if it is a children's publication.By allowing your child to read magazines at an early age, you are encouraging development of a useful skill.47．Getting into the habit of reading periodicals as a child will foster the habit of reading news articles that may continue into adulthood.48．Magazine articles challenge students to think about issues they may have never considered or cause them to rethink their world view. Information is available in a wide variety of reading levels because magazines are written for every audience imaginable. Many publications cover the same material in different writing styles that might make it easier for your child to comprehend.Magazine ActivitiesReading magazines as a family can be used to introduce each other to the various interests that each family member possesses. When your children are finished with their magazines, encourage them to pass their issue on to a sibling or other family member.Once each family member has finished reading each magazine, you can use them for art and writing projects. These projects are for family members of all ages:1. Cut out pictures to help your preschool and kindergarten children learn their alphabet, numbers, and colors.2.49．Paste the picture at the top of a page and have them write a story about what is happening or what the picture represents.3. Clip pictures to create a collage. Many teenagers love using their artistic talents to collage.50．The skills that students utilize and strengthen when reading magazines can be applied to higher level reading and other academic subjects. Encouraging your child to read by giving them a magazine subscription could cause them to take the leap from being a reluctant N reader to a voracious page-turner.A．The format of magazines enables children to be exposed to a wide variety of subjects. B．Magazines and newspapers provide adults with critical news.C．Being exposed to magazines and newspapers benefits you a lot.D．Keep interesting magazine pictures to give children story ideas.E.Magazines are valuable assets for many people, but in particular to children.F.Magazines and newspapers are expensive now but out of style.六、概要写作51．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Becoming an Attractive EmployeeThe 2008 financial crisis created an unstable job market. Fast-forward to the present, and the economy has not fully recovered. Thus, it’s of vital importance for job seekers to carefully strategize their approach to job application. And it’s especially important for those new to the work force. They should look at making themselves as attractive as possible to employers.For young people, information technology skills will play an increasing role in the future. As the generation to have grown up in the Information Age, they are quite confident when it comes to showing off their interests and skills in this field. This makes them a natural fit for companies seeking expertise(专业技能)in technology, marketing and networking. They should emphasize these skills when applying for jobs that require the ability to multitask.Another attractive quality is experience. It is important that an applicant's resume list any activities that involved teamwork and goal-driven responsibilities. Membership in a sports orsocial club and participation as a volunteer are good examples of this. These activities involve goal management and planning along with the ability to focus while competing on a team. When hiring committees see this, they see a candidate who is capable of working in a variety of environments.Finally, an attractive quality when job-hunting is a great attitude toward a potential job. Young job seekers are known to be overconfident because they have been praised for everything they have done. But they must realize that the employment market is about how an employee will be a good fit for a company, not the other way around.In fact, in an interview, an important question to ask is: "What would be expected of me as an employee?" In today's tough job market, young job seekers need to provide a potential employer with good reasons to hire them.___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ __________________七、汉译英（整句）52．我看到他换上徒步鞋，走向草坪。
2018高考英语上海卷真题
2018年上海高考英语试卷I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. Atthe end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide whichone is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. M:Good morning. Can Ihelp you?W:Yes, this dress is too long. Would you please shorten it for me?Q :Where doesthe conversation most probably take place?2. W: Jack, you look tired.M:Yes, I got piles of work to do. But it gives me a great sense of achievement.Q:What can we learn about the man?3. W:John, what's up? Why are you standing on the desk?M:The lights suddenly went off. The bulb must have burnt out.Q: What is the man most probably doing?4. W:I will take this room, how muchis the rent?M:Well,two hundred pounds each month. You need to pay three months rent inadvance, plus a deposit of 100 pounds.Q:Accordingto the man, how much should the woman pay in total?5. W:I'll take an interview for a part time librarian tomorrow.M:Don't worry. Others stand no chance, if you take the interview.Q:How does the man feel about the woman's chance of getting the job?6. M :I couldn't sleep at all last night. The bed isnot comfortable.W:Don't blame the bed. You should stop drinking wine.Q: What does the woman imply?7. W:Andy, I bought a shirt for you.M:Thank you. I hope you kept the receipt. I've put on some weight.Q:What does the man imply?8. W:I'm terribly sorry, but your flight has been canceled.N:What? In that case, I hope you will put meup somewhere tonight.Q: What does the man expect a woman to do for him?9. W:A new hotel is looking for workers. They need three hundred new workers. But over4,000 people showed up .M:Yes, I saw the news onTV. Istill have my job, thank goodness.Q:What are the speakers talking about?10. W:Professor smith explained the physics problem very clearly.M:Did he? Unfortunately, it is still all Greek to me.Q: What can we learn from the conversation?Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two passages and one longer conversation, after each passage or conversation, you will be asked several questions, the passage andthe conversation will be read twice,but the questions will be spoken only once. When you heara question, read the four possible answers on yourpaper and decide which one is thebest answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following talk.With a fascinating past and more than four centuries of history, St. Augustine is one of thenation's oldest cities and an American treasure. Located on Florida’s Atlantic coast, i t is home to many fine examples of European architecture and wild scenic views. In 1513, while looking for the storied fountain of youth, an explorer found this land and called itLa Florida, and claimed it for Spain, then in 1565, a Spanish conquer established a settlement there and named it St. Augustine, except fora twenty year period of English rule. Floridaremained under Spanish ruleuntil the United States took control in 1821. Inthe years after its founding, the city of St. Augustinewas attacked by the French and English and by native Americans, you are said to have shot flaming arrowsat the city's defensive building, setting it on fire. More recently, nature has stricken the regionwith hurricanes, Matthew on 2016 and Irma in 2017. Still.St Augustine endures.As the region recovers, visitors shouldn't overlook it. St. Augustinehas suffered muchin itslong history. Hopefully, visitors will come andp erhapssupport theFlorida’s coast recovery, while discovering its centuries of history and miles of coastal beauty.Questions:11. Which country first governed Florida in history?12. Which of the following statements is true of Saint Augustine?13. What is the passage mainly about?P.S. La Florida--佛罗里达的西班牙语名词Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following talk.Transport for London has a lost property office which collects the items left behind aspeople flow through the city's transport system each day. It is the biggest lost propertyoffice in Europe, beaten globally only by Tokyo's. Sixty five staff sort through hundredsof thousands of lostand forgotten items each at the office, which is run by Paul Cowan.alt with over three hundred thousand items in Accordingto the latest data, Cowan’s team dethe first quarter of the year. Asthe data reveals, very feware claimed. For example, of thenearly 13,000 keys handed into lost property last year, just under 1,400 were returned totheir owners, saysCowan. Overall, twenty percent of stock is claimed within three month.After that time, stock becomes the propertyof transport forLondon. Andit's not necessarilytheitems you'd expect. A wander through the three basement floors that make up the lostproperty office gives us an idea of whatwevalue enough to recover and what we're happyto let go. Cowan has discovered something interesting about the complexity of lostshoes. He said, if you have oneshoe, youare more likely to go looking forthe other. If youlose twoshoes, well,it's slightly out of sight, out of mind. He guesses many people regardloss as anopportunity to treat themselves to something new.Questions:14. What isthe passage mainly about?15. Which of the followingis true of the lost items?16.According to Cowan, why don't somepeople get their lost shoes back?Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.W: I have a goodfeeling about this house.M: If you like the outside, you're going to really love the inside.W: What abeautiful home!And I likethe way thewindow screengives you privacy from thestreet.M: Follow me into the kitchen. Youwill love it.W: Wow! They put a wine storage area in the kitchen. I love it! The best part is the bedroom and attached bathroom. Ilove the relaxing colorsof the wall and floor covering. I'd like to makean offer on this house.M: As yourhouseagent, I'm here to take care of this process. How much were you planningon offering?W: I really like the house and will pay the full asking price of 380,000 do llars.M:We’d better leave ourselves some bargaining room.Let's offer 350,000 dollars.W: That soundsgood. But I don't want this house to get away from me.M: The market is fairly down right now. So the offer is a realistic one.W: When will we know if the y’ll accept the offer?M: The owners usually respond to an offer within a few days?W: Should Ibe contacting mybank in the meantime?M:You're already pre-qualifiedfor your loan. So you're in good shape.Questions:17. What isthe woman mostprobably doing?18. What does the woman like best in the kitchen?19. What does the woman think of the man’s offer on the house at first?20. Which of the followingis true according to the passage?标题语法：标题S&A’s plan tofight theft大致内容：就是一个商店推行一个叫 Justice 的系统抓商店扒窃(shoplifting)，还有一些小偷窃就自己放课程让小毛贼学习学习。
2018全国卷III高考英语压轴卷(含答案)
绝密★启封前2018全国卷III高考压轴卷英语第Ⅰ卷第一部分听力（共两节，满分30 分）做题时，先将答案标在试卷上，录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话，每段对话后有一个小题。
从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。
听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。
每段对话仅读一遍。
1. What is the man going to do first?A. Write his paper.B. Visit Professor Green.C. Go to the cinema with the woman.2. Where do most of the woman’s earnings come from now?A. Her recordings.B. Her advertising work.C. Her concert performance.3. What time is it now?A. 7:00 pm.B.7:30 pm.C. 8:00pm.4. Which postcard will the speakers send?A. Garden.B. Castle.C. Beach.5. Where are the speakers?A. At a hotel.B. At a restaurant.C. At a store.第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。
每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。
听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。
每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6. What is the probable relationship between the speakers?A. Husband and wife.B. Tourist and travel agent.C. Customer and house agent.7. What are the speakers discussing?A. Where to travel.B. Whether to buy a house.C. How to use their money.听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。
2018年高考真题——英语(上海卷)Word版(含解析)
绝密★启用前2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(上海卷)英语试卷(满分140分，考试时间120分钟)考生注意：答题前•务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名•并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位直上•在答题纸反而清楚地填写姓名。
I.LiStening COmPrehenSiOnSeCtiOn ADirections: In SeCtiOn A, you Will hear ten ShOrt conversations between two SPeakerS・ At the end Of each COnVerSation, a question WilI be asked about WhOt WaS said. The conversations and the questions Will be SPOken Only OnCe・ After you hear a COnVerSatiOn and the question about it, read the four POSSible answers On your paper; and decide WhiCh One is the best answer to the question you have heard.( )1 ・ A. In a grocery r B. In a Cafe・C. At a tailor s.D. At a toy ShOP( )2. A. He is PleaSed With his job.B.He is not SatiSfied With his WOrk・C.He finds the huge WOrklOad UnbCarable・D.He finds his OffiCe InUCh too big for him.( )3.A・ He is InOSt PrObably CheCking Whether everything is OK.B.He is InOSt PrObablyjUmPing from the desk・C.He is most PrObably repairing the desk・D.He is InOSt PrObably Changing the bulb・( )4. A. £200. B. £300. J C. £600・ D. £700.( )5. A. IFs difficult for the WOman to get the job if She takes the inten f iew.B.ThC WOman Can get the job if She takes the interview.C.The WOman has IeSS ChanCe to get the job than OtherS・D.The WOlnan ShOUld WOrk harder from now On if She WantS to get the job.( )6. A. The man drinks t∞ InUCh Wine・B.ThC man drinks Iittle Wine・C.The bed is t∞ soft.D.The bed is too hard・( )7. A. He may Change the Shirt because it,s too Iarge・B.He may Change the Shirt because it,s too SmalI・C.He doesn't Iike the COlOr Of the shirt.D.He IikeS the shirt.( )& A. TO PUt him to another flight.B.TO arrange the next flight.C.TO take him to SOmeWhere・D.TO arrange his accommodation.( )9. A. The news On TV.B.Many PeOPle Canle to the new hotel.C.It is difficult for PeOPle to find a job.D.The man Still has got a job.( )10. A. The WOman thinks it easy to Ieanl PhySiCS・B.ThC WOman is good at PhySiCS.C.ThC man thinks PrOfeSSOr Smith explained the PhySiCS PrOblenl Very Clearly.D.The man can,t UnderStand the PhySiCS problem.SeCtiOn BDirections: In SeCtiOn B you Will hear two ShOrt passages, and One IOnger conversation ,after each PaSSage・ The PaSSageS Or COnVerSatiOn you WiIl be asked SeVeral questions, the PaSSageS and the COnVerSatiOn WilI be read twice, but the questions WiII be SPOken Only OnCe・ When you hear a question, read the four POSSible answers On your PaPer and decide WhiCh One is the best answer to the question you have heard.QUeStiOnS 11 through 13 are based On the following PaSSage・( )11∙ A. SPain. B. FranCe C. AmeriCa D. England・( )12・ A. ViSitOrS ShOllldnI OVerlOOk it because it SUffered a IOt in history.B.Saint AUgUStine is the OIdeSt City in the nation.C.FlOrida WaS ruled by SPaniSh Until the UnitCd StateS took OVer it.D.ManyViSitOrS SUPPOrt the Florida's COaSt recovery for its beauty.( )13. A. Florida,s AtlantiC coast.B.St. Augustine1S history.C.SPaniSh COntrOl OVer FlOrida.D.SPaniSh history・QUeStiOnS 14 through 16 are based On the following talk・( )14. A. A IOSt PrOPCrty OffiCe in EUrOPe・B. A IOSt PrOPerty OffiCe in LOndOn・C. A IOSt PrOPerty OffiCe in TOkyo.D.PaUl Cowan,s office.( )15・ A. LOSt items become the PrOPerty Of transport for LOndOn.B.LOSt items are taken good Care Of by COWan,s team・C.AlnlOSt all Of the IOSt items Were returned to their OWnerS・D.TWenty PerCent Of the IOSt items are CIamled iιι three months' tmιe.( )16・ A. BeCaUSe they think their IOSt ShOeS are USeleSS.B.BeCaUSe they have already bought new ShOeS・C.BeCaUSe they WOUld Iike to get a new pair.D.BeCaUSe they can,t find their IOSt ShOeS・QUeStiOnS 17 through 20 are based On the following COnVerSatiOn・( )17・ A. She is HlOSt PrObabIy bargaining for a house.B.ShC is InOSt PrObably ViSiting One Of her friends・C.ShC is most PrObably IOOking for a house・D.She is most PrObably COntaCting her bank for a house・( )18. A. The kitchen attached bathroom.B. A Wine StOrage area.C.ThC floor COVering・D.The relaxing COlOrS Of the wall.B.The PriCe is too high.D.The Offer is unfair.19. A. The PriCe is reasonable.( )20. A. The WOman Will buy the house because the PriCe isreasonable・B.ThC house is really good because the bathroom is attached to the bedroom・C.Tlle inside Of the house is better than the OUtSide・D.The WOlnan IikeS the house SO much that She Will buy it.II.Grammar and VOCabUIarySeCtiOn ADireCtions: After reading the PaSSageS below, fill in the blanks to make r the PaSSageS COherent and grammatically COrreCt FOr the blanks With a given word, fill in each blank With the PrOPer form Of the given word; for the Other blanks, USe One WOrCl that best fits each blank ・A COmPrehenSiVe StUdy Of 4, 500 Children COndUCted by the NatiOnal InStitUteS Of Health in 2018ShOWS that Children WhO SPent more than SeVen hours a day Staring at SCreens ShOWed evidenee Of PrematUre thinning Of their brain's COrte×-the OUter Iayer that PrOCeSSeS SenSOry information. "We don't know if it _____ 21 ___ (CaUSe) by the SCreen time・ We don't know yet if it's bad thing・ It WorVt beUntil We follow them OVer time _______ 22 ____ We WiIl See if there are OUtCOmeS that are associated Withthe differences that We l re Seeing in this Single Snapshot∕ Dr. Gaya DOWIing・"What We Can Say is that this is __________ 23 ____the brains IOOk Iike Of kids WhO SPend a IOt Of time On SCreenS・ And it's not just One pattern/'The PrObIem isn't just SCreens 24 » but also the Way SCreenS tempt kids (and adults) away from SOmething far more important: PhySiCal activity・ MOre than 23 PerCent Of adults and 80 PerCent Of adolescents don,t get enOugh PhySiCal activity, and according to a 2019 report from the WOrld HeaIth Organization・(WHO), these PatternS Of activity and rest arise ___________________________________________________ 25 __ habits We develop early "What We really need to do is _________ 26 _____ (bring) back PIay for ChiIdrer√" SayS Dr. JUanain IifeZa WHO SPeCialiSt in ChildhOOd ObeSity and PhySiCal activity, in a Statement about new WHO guidelines WiIliamSOnzissued in APril 2019・ ThiS is about making the Shift from Sedentary time to playtime, While 27 (PrOteCt) SIeeP・ Of COUrSeChildren aren't COmPIeteIy to blame for their SCreenzaddiction ・Sometimes, the Parents ________ 28 ___ COmPIain about the role Of SCreens in family Iife are just asguilty Of SPending too much time in front Of one. A 2016 StUdy ________ 29 ____ (COndUCt) by COmmOn SGnSeMedia found that ParentS SPend UP to nine hours a day in front Of SCreens，mostly not for WOrk-related reasOns. WhiIe 78 PerCent Of ParentS Said they believed they Were good SCreen time role models, the StUdy found a discOnnect between their behavior and their PerCePtiOn Of their behavior. ParentS need to Iimit SCreen time for themselves and especially for their kids- ________________________________________ 30 ____ it means PIaying the bad guy.OUr mental and PhySiCal health depends On it.21. ____________ 22. _______________ 23. _____________ 24. ________________ 25. _______________2& _____________ 27.________________ 2& _______________ 29. ________________ 30. _______________SeCtiOn BDireCtions: FiIl in each blank With a PrOPer WOrd ChOSen from the box. EaCh WOrel Can be USed OnlySOnIe VerV αAmerican^ WOrdS COme from ChmeSeVWe WiIl On a recent program, We told you the StOrieS Of English WOrdS borrowed from Other IangUageS・ TOdayrtell you abOUt WOrdS that English HaS taken from Chinese・Many Of the ChineSe WOrdS that are now Part Of English Were borrowed IOng ago. They are most Often from CantOnese Or Other ChineSe IangUageS rather than Mandarin.Let⅛ Start With kowtow.kowtowThe EngIiSh WOrd kowtow is a Verb that means to agree too easily to do What SOmeOne else WantS you to do, Or to Obey SOmeOne With POWer in a Way that SeemS _____________________________ 31 ____ ・ It COmeS from the CantOneSe WOrd kau tau, WhiCh means "knock your head." It refers to the act Of kneeling and IOWering OnJS HeaCl as a Sign Of respect to __________________ 32 ___ — SUCh as emperors, elders and IeaderS・ In the CaSe OfBritair√s King GeOrge III emperors, the act required the PerSOn to touch their head to the ground・ In 1793zSent LOrd GeOrge MaCartney and Other trade ambassadors to China to __________________________ 33 ___ a trade agreement・ The ChineSe asked them to kowtow to the QianIOng Emperor. AS the StOry goes, LOrd MaCartney refused for his ________________________ 34 ___ to do more than bend their knees・ He Said that WaS all they Were required to do for their OWn king・It is not SUrPriSing. then. that MaCartney Ieft China WithOUt negotiating the trade agreement. After that, CritiCS USed the WOrd kowtow When anyone WaS too SUbmiSSiVe to China. Today, the USage has no COnneCtiOn to China, nor any SPeCifiC POIitiCal COnneCtiOn.gung-hoAnOther borrowed WOrd that Came about through __________ 35 ____ between two nations is gung-ho. InEngIiSh・ the WOrd gung∙ho is an adjective that means extremely excited about doing SOmething. The ChineSe CharaCterS zz gδng,z and a h6,' together mean ZZ WOrk together, COOPerate/' The Original term —gδngy⅛ h6zuδsh(i — means ChineSe IndUStrial COOPeratiVeS. The OrganiZatiOnS Were established in the 1930s by WeSternerS in China to PrOmOte industrial and economic development.Lt・ COlOnel EVanS CarISOn Of the United StateS Marine^ COrPS- ObSerVed these COOPeratiVeS WhiIe he WaS in China. He WaS impressed, Saying "•…all the SOldierS _______________ 36 ____ themselves to One idea and WOrked together to PUt that idea over/ He then began IlSing the term gung∙ho in the Marine COrPS to try to Create the Same SPlrit he had ____________________ 37 ___ ・ In 1942, He USed the WOrd as a training SIOgan for the2nd Marine Raider BattaliOn during WOrId War II. The men Were Often CaIIed the Zz GUng H O Battalion/' FrOm ther‰its meaning has no relation to the military.the WOrd gung-ho SPread as a SIOgan the Marine COrPS・ TOdayztyphoonIn EngliSha typhoon is a Very POWerfUl and _________ 38 ___ StOrm that OCCUrS around the China Seafand in the SOUth PaCifiC・ The WOrd history Of typhoon had a far IeSS ClireCt Path to the English IangUage than gung-ho. And not all historical accounts are the Same・ But, according to the Merriam-WebSter NeW BOOk Of WOrd Histories, the first typhoOnS reported in the English Ianguage Were in India and Were CaIIed Zz tOUffOns" Or ZZ tUfans∕ The WOrd tufan Or al-tufan is ArabiC and means ViOIent StOrm Or flood・ ThG EngliSh Came across this WOrd in India and borrowed it as touffon.EngliShmen Iearned the CantOnese Word LateG When English ShiPS encountered ViOIent StOrmS in the China Seaztai fung, WhiCh means ZZ great wind." The word's 39 to touffon is Only by chance. The modern form Of the WOrd —typhoon — WaS in(IUenCed by the CantOneSe but ___________________________________________________ 40 _____ to make it appear more Greek・31. ____________ 32. ______________ 33. ______________ 34. _______________ 35. _______________36. ____________ 37. _______________ 38. _______________ 39. _______________ 40. _______________III.Reading COmPrehenSiOnSeCtiOn ADirections: FOr each blank in the following PaSSage there are four WOrdS Or PhraSeS marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank With the WOrd Or PhraSe that best fits the COnteXt ・When 17-year-old ClUattrO MUSSer hangs OUt With friends, they don't Ckink beer Or CrUiSe around in CarS Withthey StiCk to G-rated activities SUCh as rock-climbing Or talking about their dates. _________________ 41 ___Zbooks ・They are in good COmPany, according to a new StUdy ShOWing that teenagers are increasingly delaying activities that had IOng been Seen as rites Of PaSSage into ______________________________ 42 _____ .The study, PUbIiShed TUeSday in the journal Child DeVelOPment, found that the PerCentage Of adolescents in the U・S・WhO have a driver's IiCense, WhO HaVe tried alcohol, WhO date, and WhO WOrk for Pay has PlUmmeted SinCe 2976, With the most PreCiPitOUS _____________________________ 43 ____ i n the PaSt decade・ The declines appeared across race, geographic, and SOCiOeCOnOrniC lines, and in rural, Urbar‰ and SUbUrban areas・TO be sure, more than HaIf Of teens still engage in these activities, but the ___ 44 _____ HaVe SIimmed COnSiderablyBetWeen 1976 and 1979, 86 PerCent Of high SChOOl Seniors had gone On a date; between 2010 and 2015zOr more boring, "but Only 63 PerCent PeOPIe sa½ Oh, it,s because teenagers are more responsible, Or more IaZyzIead author Of thethey're _________________________________ 45 ____ t he Iarger trend," Said Jean TWengezkids may be IeSS 46 instudy, WhiCh drew On SeVen Iarge time-Iag SUrVeyS Of AmeriCans. RatheG She Saidzactivities SUCh as dating, driving Or getting jobs because in today' S society.ACCOrding to an evolutionary PSyChOIOgy theory that a PerSOn l S "life strategy" SIOWS down Or SPeedS UPexposure to a ZZ harSh and UnPrediCtable,' GnVirOnmentdepending On HiS Or her ___________________ 47 ___ZIeadS to faster development, While a more resource-rich and SeCUre enVirOnment has the ________________ 48 ____ effect, the StUdy Said・ In the first ___ 49 ____ » "You'd have a IOt Of kids and be in SUrViVal mode, Starthavi ng kids you ng, expect your kids WiIl have kids young, and expect that there Will be more ________ 50 ____ and fewer resources/ Said TWengea PSyChOIOgy PrOfeSSOr at San DiegO State UniVerSity WhO is the author Of Zz iGen;zWhy Today's SUPer-COnnected KidS Are GrOWing UP LeSS Rebellious, MOre TOlerant, LeSS HaPPy —and COmPletely UnPrePared for Adulthood・Zz the goal back then WaSA Century ago, WhGn Iife expectancy WaS IOWer and COlIege education IeSS PreValentZSUrViVaL not ViOlin IeSSOnS by 5/ TWenge Said・ In that model a teenage boy might be thinking more 51 about marriage, and ClriVing a Car and WOrking for Pay WOUld be important forZZ eStabliShing mate ValUe based On PrOCUrement Of resources/ the StUdy said.BUt AmeriCa is Shifting more toward the _______ 52 ___ model, and the Change is apparent across the SOCiOeCOnOmiC spectrum, TWenge said. ZZ EVen in families WhOSe ParentS didn't HaVe a COllege education..・ familiesare SmalIeG and the idea that Children need to be CarefUIly ________________________________ 53 ____ has really SUnk in." The _______ 54 ___ Of "adult activities'7 COUld not be attributed to more homework Orextracurricular activities, the StUdy Saidznoting that teens today SPend fewer HOUrS On HOmeWOrk and the Same amount Of time On extracurricular as they did in the 1990s ( With the exception Of COmmUnity service, WhiCh hasrisen Slightly). NOr COUld the USe Of SmartPhOneS and the Internet be Gntirely the 55Z the report SaidZSinCethe decline began before they Were Widely available・ Ifthe delay is to make room for CreatiVe exploration and forming better SOCial and emotional COnnectionszit is a good thing, he Said・( ) 41. A. TherefOre B. Rather C. MOreOVer D. BeSideS( ) 42. A. ChiIdhOOd B. neighborhoodC. adolescentsD. adulthood( ) 43. A. escapes B. ends C. decreases D. ChangeS( ) 44. A. minorities B. majorities C. masses D. amounts( ) 45. A. taking B. avoiding C.Sending D. missing( ) 46. A. interested B. envied C. relieved D. realized( ) 47. A. emotions B. SUrrOUndingS C. CUStOmS D. habits( ) 48. A. WrOng B. Same C. OPpOSitC D. Sinlilar( ) 49. A. event B. issue C. CaSe D. OeCaSiOn( ) 50. A. trouble B. questions C. benefits D. diseases( ) 51. A・ respectively B. delicatelyC. SeriOUSlyD. COnSidCrably( ) 52. A. SlOWer B. better C. Smaller D. faster( ) 53. A. emphasized B. related C. OrganiZCd D. educated( ) 54. A. implement B. POStPOnementC. achievementD. Payment( ) 55. A. CaUSe B. impact C. fact D. resultSeCtiOn BDireCtions: Read the following three PaSSageS・ EaCh PaSSage is followed by SeVeral questions Or UnfiniShed StatementS・ FOr each Of them there are four ChOiCeS marked A f B f C Ond D. ChOOSe the One that fits best according to the information given in the PaSSage you have just read.BitCOin and Other SO CalIed CryPt CUrrenCieS have been all OVer the news lately. APParentl½ the idea Of money that's not tied to a SPeCifiC bank —Or a SPeCifiC COUntry —is appealing to many. BUt it's WOrth remembering that the banking SyStem that We now all IiVe With is just that: A modern invention. NOt SO IOng ago, money WaS almost always Created and USed locally, and bartering WaS COmmon. (In fact, it S廿Il is COmmOn among many OnIine IOCal networks, Iike the BUy NOthing Project.)・In the past, money's makeup Varied from PIaCe to place, depending On What WaS COnSidered ValUabIe there・ SO While SOme Ofthe world's first COinS Were made from a naturally OCCUrring hybrid Of gold and SilVer CalIed electrum,ObjeCtS Other than COinS have SerVed as CUrrency, inClUding beads, ivor½ IiVeStOCkzand COWrie ShellS・ In WeStAfriCazbracelets Of bronze Or COPPer Were USed as cash, especially if the transaction WaS associated With theSlaVe trade there・ ThrOUghOUt the COlOnial PeriOdZtobacco WaS USed in IieU Of COinS Or PaPer bills in Virginia,Maryland and NOrth CarOlinazeven though it WaS USed elsewhere in the COlOnieS and extensively throughout EUrOPe and the U.K.Today, On an island in the PaCifiCza SPeCifiC type Of SheIl StiII SerVeS as CUrrenCy — and SOme PeOPIe there are even hoarding it, just Iike BitCOin moguls, COrWinCed that One day, it WiIl make them Wealthy beyOnd imagination. On MaIaita, the most- POPUlated island that's Part Ofthe SOlOmOn Islands, SheIIS are accepted at most PIaCeS in "How much tuna you Can get for your ShelIS depends On their COIOr and shape/ Mary BrUno, a ShOP OWnGrfrom the SmaIl town Of AUkiz On Malaitaztold ViCe・"One StriP Of darker SheIIS might get you about two CanS OfSmaIler tuna, but the red OneS are WOrth more, FOr the red OneszOne StriP might get enoUgh tuna to feed a big family for a IOng time・JUSt Iike a mint that CreateS coins, there' S OnlyOne PIaCe On the ISIand Where the ShelISZWhiCh are POIiShedand StrUng together to form 3-foot」Ong ropes, are made・(YOU Can See how that WOrkS in the VideO above.) The StriPS Of red, white, and black SheIIS all COme from Langa Langa LagOon, Where artificial islands Were IOng-ago built by IOCaIS to escape from the island-dwelling Cannibals・ OnCG maroOned OUt On their islands, locals needed a CUrrency to USe among themselves, and SO the Shell CUrrenCy WaS born.USing SheIIS for money WaS COmmOn throughout the PaCifiC islands as Iate as the early 1900s, but Malaita is UniqUe in that they are StiIl USed today. And just Iike CryPtO CUrrencies, there are those WhO think the islanders are Smart to invest in this type Of money, WhiCh is reported to have risen in VaIUe OVer the IaSt three decades・It might Seem Strange to hoard a bunch Of PrOCeSSedStrUng∙togGthGr SheIls, but What is a PiIe Of dollars? JUStZa SPeCiaIIy Printed PieCe Of PaPer and hemp that we,ve assigned ValUe to — and PrObably IeSS durable OVer time than those ShelIS・( )56. ACCOrding to the passage, WhiCh Of the following is TRUE?A.MOney WaS Created and WaS Widely USed in the WOrld.B.TObaCCO WaS USed as COinS Or PaPer bills in AmCriCan in the past.C.The ingredients Of WOrld,s first COinS may be the COmbinatiOn Of gold and SilVe匚ing ShelIS for money has been OUt Of date in the WOrId.( )57. The WOrd fc nιiιιt'' In ParagraPh 4 is ClOSeSt iιι the meaning to U_______________ ” ・A. a kind Of InOney that Can exchangeB.the IeaVeS Of a mint Plant USed fresh Or CandiedC. a PlaCe to PrOdUCe and POIiSh ShellSD. a factory that PrOdUCeS CUrrenCy( )58. WhafS OPiniOn Of the author towards ShellS for money?A.ReaSOnable.B. IInaginary.C.COnVenient.D. Invcntivc・( )59. WhiCh Of the following Inight be the best title Of the passage?A.The HiStOry Of BitCOinB. ShellS Still MOneyC. The CUrrenCy IS Of Great USeD. SOme ShellS(B)HOW DO VOU MOVe a Giant Sequoia?The IOgiStiCS Of e×cavating (挖拥)and relocating town's Century-old z IiVing SeqUOia(红杉)tree. Inhabitants Of BOiSeIdaho, WatChed With trepidatiOn earlier this year as the city's oldest, tallest resident moved two blocks z・ The 105-year-old SeqUOia tree SerVeS as a IOCal Iandmark Z not Only for its IOngeVity but also because renowned naturalist and Sierra CIUb COfOUnder JOhn MUir PrOVideCl the Original Seedling. SOWhen Saint LUke l S HeaIth SyStemZfound that the IO-StOry-tall-conifer(针叶树) StOOd in the Way Of its PIanned hospital CaIled tree∙moVing firm EnVirOnmGntai DeSign.The TeXaS-based COmPany has developed and Patented SCOOPing and Iifting tech noIOgy to move massive trees・OOO POUnds, the BOiSe SeqUOia is its IargeSt Undertaking yet・"I [had] IOSt enOUgh Weighing in at more than 800zSleeP OVer this/ SayS DaVid Cox, the COmPany's WeStern regiOn ViCe PreSident —and that WaS before the HOSPital mentiOngd the tree's distinguished Origin. BefOre the heavy Ii fting begar‰ the team assessed the root SyStem and dug a five∙foot∙deep Cylinder , measuring 40 feet in diametec around the trunk to PrOteCt all essential roots・After enCaPSUIating the root ball in Wire mesh, the movers allowed the tree to acclimate to its new SitUa 廿On for SeVen mon ths before relocating it. The illustratiOn details What followed・一LeSlie NemO1. Mark A・Merit and HiS team at ErWirOnmental DeSign inStalIed Underneath the root ball a PIatfOrm Of44-foot」Ong SteeIbarS and, just below the rods, a first Set Of Uninflated airbags ( ShOWn in SeVen-inch-diameterzgray).The team also dug a ShaIIOW ramp・2・ In roughly 15 minutes, the movers inflated the airbags to about three feet in diameter to raise the root ball to the SUrfaCe Of the hole・3.By Underinflating the front bags, the team allowed the PlatfOrm Carrying the tree to roll UP the ramp and OUt Of the hole WhiIe Staying level, A trailer hauled the tree along as team members removed the airbags from the back Of the PIatfOrm and replaced them in the front. They repeated the PrOCeSS Until the tree arrived at the edge Of its new home・4.There a SeCOnd Set Of PartiaIly inflated bags (ShOWn in White) Waited inSide the hole・ SOil SUrrOUnding the SeqUOia in its Original Iocation WaS relocated as well, because trees are more IlkeIy to SUrViVe a transplantWhen they move With their Original SOil・ing the first Set Of airbags, the movers rolled the PIatfOrm into the new hole・6・The bags Waiting there Were then inflated further to take the Weight Of the SeqUOia While the transportation bags Were deflated and removed from Under the tree・7. The White bags Were then deflated in about half an hour to IOWer the SeqUOia,s root ball to the bottom Of its hole, The bags Were removed, but the metal bars Were Ieft With the tree because they rust and degrade OVer a number Of years・8・ FOr the next five years the IOCal Park SerViCe WiIl monitor and maintain the tree in its new home ・( )60. WhiCh Of the following WOrdS Can be USed to replace the WOrdS Ilnderlined "stood in theWaY of"?A.ReSiStedB. BaIanCedC. Blocked.D. Promoted.( )61. What is the reasOn for the relocation Of SeqUOia trees?A.BeCaUSe the SCOOPing and Iifting technology ShOUld be PUt into USe・B.BeCaUSe it blocks IOCal hospital expansion PlanS・C.BeCaUSe it COrrCSPOndS to govcmment,s Plan Of EnVirOnmental DeSign・D.BeCaUSe SeqUOia trees are OVer a hundred years Old・( )62. HOW Will the migrated SeqUOia trees be dealt with?A.They Will be given new SOil in the new IiVing environment.B.Metal rods USed to move SeqUOia trees Will not be Ieft On the trees.C.They Will be kept in transport bags all the time・D.They Will be managed by SPeCiaIiStS in the next five years・UIIderStand the ECOIlOIniC COnCePt Of a BUdget LineThe term Zz bUdget line,z has SeVeral related meaningsincluding a COUPIe that are SeIf- evident and a thirdzthat is not.The budget Iine as an InfOrmaI COnSUmer UnderStandingThe budget Iine is an elementary ConCePt that most ConSUmerS UnderStand intuitively WithOUt a need for graphs a nd equations — it's the HOUSehOld budget, for example ・Taken informally, the budget Iine describes the bOUndary Of affordability for a given budget and SPeCifiC goods・GiVen a Iimited amount Of money，a COnSUmer CZn OnIy SPend that Same amount buying goods. If the COnSUmer has X amount Of money and WantS to buy two goods A and BShe Can OnIy PUrChaSe goods totaling X. If the COnSUmerzShe Can then SPend OnIy 0.25 X, the amount remaining, On her PUrChaSe Of B. needs an amount Of A COSting 0.75zThiS SeemS almost too ObViOUS to bother Writing Or reading about・ AS it turns out, however; this Same COnCePt-One that most COnSUmerS make many 廿mes each day With reflecting On it-is the basis Of the more formal budget Iine COnCePt in economics, WhiCh is explained below・LineS in a BUdgetBefOre turning to the econOmiCS definitiOn Of budget Iin巳COnSider another COncept: the line-item budget ・ ThiS is effectively a map Of future expenditures, With all the COnStitUent expenditures individually noted anda budget Iine is One Of the IinGS in the budget, quantified・ There1 S nothing Very COmPliCated about this USageZWith the SerViCe Or good to be PUrChaSed named and the COSt quantified,The BUdget Line as an ECOnOmiCS COnCePtOne Of the interesting WayS the StUdy Of GCOnO mics relates to huma n behavior gen erally is that a IOt Of economic theory is the formalizatiOn Of the kind Of SimPIe COnCePt OUtlined above — a COnSUmer l S informal UnderStanding Of the amount She has to SPencl and What that amount Will buy.In the PrOCeSS Of formalization, the ConCePt Can be expressed as a mathematical equatiOn that Can be applied generally・A SimPIe BUdget Line GraPhTO Understand this, think Of a graph Where the VertiCal Iines quanUfy how many movie tickets, you Can buy and Where the horizontal IineS do the Same for Crime novels・ YOU Iike going to the movies and reading Crime novels In the example below, assume that each movie COStS $10 and each Crime noVel COStS $15and you have $ 150 to SPendz・ The more formal economics term for these two items is budget Set・If movies COSt $ 10 each, then the maximum number Of movies you Can See With the money available is 15. TO note this you make a dot at the number 15 (for total movie tickets) at the extreme Ieft-Hand Side Of the Chart ・ ThiS Same dot appears at the extreme Ieft above "O" On the horizOntai axis because you have no money Ieft for books — the number Of books available in this example is O. YOU Can also graph the Other extreme — all Crime noVeIS and no movies. SinCe Crime noVeIS in the example COSt $15 and you have $150 available, if you SPend all the available money Crime novels, you Can buy 10. SO you PUt a dot On the horizOntal axis at the nUmber 10.You'll PIaCe the dot at the bottom Of the VertiCal axis because in this inStanCe you HaVe $0 available for movie tickets.rightmost dot you'll have Created a If you now draw a Iine from the highest, IeftmOSt dot to the IOWeStzbudget Iine・Any COmbination Of movies and Crime novels that falls below the budget Iine is affordable. Any COmbinatiOn above it is not.( )63. WhiCh SentenCe about the budget Iine is NOT TRUE?A.It is IimitatiOn Of affordability for a given budget and SPeCifiC goods・B.MOSt COStUmerS WiIl be COnfUSGd With this COnCePt because Of its complex.C・ It is the effectively a map Of (UtUre expenditures・D.It Can be expressed as a mathematical, equation.)64. What is the PUrPOSe Of the passage?A.TO tell US any COnCePt Can be expressed as a mathematical equation・B.TO HeIP US figure OUt the meaning BUdget Line・C・ TO tell US We ShOUld budget before We buy goods・D・ TO give an instruction Of ClraWing a budget Line・$15, you have $150.WhiCh is RIGHT according )65. ASSUme that each movie COStS 10 and each Crime novel COStSzto this passage?A.The maximum number Of movies you Can See is 10.。
18上海高考英语真题试题上海市18年高考英语试题和参考答案与解析{作文类}
年上海高考英语真题试卷上海市高考英语试卷及参考答案年高考已经结束，相信大家都对高试卷感兴趣，下面是小编收集的上海市高考英语试卷及参考答案，供大家参考！第卷第一部分: 听力（共两节，满分分）做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。
录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节 (共小题。
每小题分,满分分)听下面段对话。
每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的、、三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。
听完每段对话后，你都有秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。
每段对话仅读一遍。
. ?. . . . . .. ?. . . ’ .. .. ?. . . . . .. ’ ?. . . . . .. ?. . . . . .第二节（共小题，每小题分, 满分分）听下面段对话或独白。
每段对话或独白后几个小题，从题中所给的、、三个选项中选出虽佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。
听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题秒钟; 听完后，各小题将给出秒钟的作答时间。
每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第段材料，回答第、题。
. ?. ’ . . ’ .. ’ .. ?. . . . . .听第段材料，回答第、题。
. ?. . . ’ . . .. ?. . . .. .听第段材料，回答第、题。
. ?. . . .. .. ?. . . . . .. ?. . . . . .听第段材料，回答第、题。
. ?. . . .. .. ?. . . .. .. ?. . . .. .. ?. . . .. .听第段材料，回答第、题。
. ?. . . . . .. ?. .. ’’ .. .. , ?. ’ . . ’ .. ’ .. ?. . . .. .第二部分：阅读理解（共两节, 满分分）第一节（共小题。
每小题分, 满分分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(、、和)中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
, . ’ $ , .. , ., . , ’ .. , . ., , , . .. , . , ’ ., () .. ...... ?. .. .. .. .. ,. .. .. ,...., , . , ..— , — , ’( ) , ’ . .(免疫) . . . , , , .(疫苗) . . .“— : ,” .“ , , , . , .”. “” .. . .. .. .... ’ .. ?. .. .. .. .. ?. . . . . . . ., , . !. , . , , . , . ,, , , , .. , , , .. , ., , , , , . . , .’ , . , .“” . .. ?. . . .. . . .. .. ’. ,. ’. ’. .. . . .. (: 夏令时) .“ , ,” . , . “’ ; ’ .” , . “ , , , . ’ , ,”“ .”. , . “ . . ”, . , (退黑激素) . , . .? , .. ?. ? . ?. ? . ?. ?. . . .. . . .. “” .. . . .. .. . . .第二节（共小题。
【高三英语试题精选】2018上海市高考英语试题(含解析)
2018上海市高考英语试题（含解析）-一般过去时，故填did。
Passage B33 本题考查冠词用法。
由于engineer是可数名词，而electrical前面为元音读音，故该空填不定冠词an。
34 本题考查动词的时态和语态。
根据…and looks like a mini shop可知首先本句用的是一般现在时；其次本句是并列谓语结构；又由于The machine和equip是动宾关系，故该空填该动词的一般现在时的被动语态is equipped。
35 本题考查非限定性定语从句。
根据句式结构可看出，这是一个非限定性定语从句，而空中所缺的成分既代替先行词his invention，又在从句中做主语，故用关系代词which。
36 本题考查反身代词。
根据前句I couldn’t find a manufacture who could deliver what I wanted可以推断“所以我自己做”。
故填myself。
37 本题考查形容词比较级。
该自动售货机英语为huge outdoor vending machine，但是认为用术语the term “automatic shop”相比之下应是“较合适”，即用比较级形式。
由于appropriate为多音节形容词，故前面加more。
38 本题考查考查动词时态。
根据时间状语In recent years可知，该句用现在完成时。
故正确答案为has forced。
39 本题考查现在分词做结果状语。
根据前句…about 400 village shops closed句意“……大约400家村店关闭”可以看出结果是“促使当地政府给挣扎的村店提供经济支持……”，故用现在分词urging。
40 本题考查介词用法。
根据短语offer sth to sb/ sth可知，该空填to。
Section B。
上海市2018届高考压轴卷英语试卷(含听力有答案)
2018上海市高考压轴卷英语试卷第I卷(共103分)Listening Comprehension上海市2018届高考压轴卷英语听力.mp3Section ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. 2 liters. B. 13 liters. C. 26 liters. D. 52 liters.2. A. In an English class. B. In a swimming pool.C. On a bus.D. In a sporting goods store.3. A. By bus. B. By underground. C. By taxi. D. By car.4. A. Doctor and patient. B. Teacher and student.C. Employer and Employee.D. Salesman and customer.5. A. Have a lesson. B. Take a test.C. See a film.D. Go to bed.6. A. Difficult. B. Memorable.C. Uninteresting.D. Worthwhile.7. A. She wants a bottle of juice. B. She’d like some alcohol.C. The red wine in this bar is perfect.D. The location of the bar is unknown.8. A. An excellent résumé. B. An entry form.C. A job offer.D. The position of system engineer.9. A. It’s famous. B. It’s professional.C. It’s expensive.D. It’s cheating.10. A. The 26-month-old baby is always busy watching videos.B. TV and videos may hurt a child’s language development.C. Nothing can repla ce parents in kids’ language development.D. Children usually watch TV too passively to learn something.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear one longer conversation and two short passages, and you will be asked several questions on each of the conversation and the passages. The conversation and the passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear aquestion, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following dialogue.11. A. Encouraging. B. Dishonest. C. Interesting. D. Nervous.12. A. How to start his own business. B. How to develop a real interest.C. How to speak to a woman bravely.D. How to balance his study and work.13. A. He has too loose a schedule. B. He loves the feeling with students.C. He is dissatisfied with his current job.D. He wants to determine his future development.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. Kids threw litter everywhere.B. The camp director gave rude orders.C. Some mysterious plastic litter was found.D. Kids’ joint efforts led to a clean camp.15. A. By taking pictures of litter he picked up.B. By sharing photos of the terribly dirty planet.C. By keeping a record of crowdsourced cleaning-up.D. By inspiring kids to pick up five pieces of litter every day.16. A. There is strength in numbers. B. Birds can help to pick up litter.C. Litter is artistic and approachable.D. More straws should be used in the café.Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following passage.17. A. To enable students to reject violence.B. To help students face struggles more properly.C. To improve students’ health.D. To eliminate poverty more effectively.18. A. How to calm down by talking to experts.B. How to clear their mind throughout the day.C. How to make their teachers happy.D. How to respond to situations better.19. A. More students dropped out last year.B. There is less bad behavior on campus.C. Students are less responsible for their study.D. More students are willing to be sent to the office.20. A. Its effect remains to be seen.B. Everyone can benefit from it.C. It helps to get rid of poverty to some extent.D. There is enough evidence to show its significance.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form. of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.On the morning of September 11, 2001, computer sales manager Michael Hingson , who is blind , went early to his office on the 78th floor of the North Tower of the World Trade Center to prepare for a meeting . As Michael worked , his guide dog , a Labrador retriever ___21____(name) Roselle, dozed by his feet.At 8:46 a.m, a tremendous boom rocked the building , eliciting screams throughout the floor . Michael grabbed Roselle , trusting that the dog ___22____(lead) out of the danger, and they navigated their way to a stairwell.“Forward,” Machael instructed , and they descended the first of 1,463 steps to the lobby.___23____ about ten floors , the stairwell grew crowded and hot ,and the fumes from jet fuel had made it hard to breathe. When a woman became crazy , yelling that they wouldn’t make it. Roselle accompanied the woman ___24_____she finally petted the dog , calmed herself , and kept walking down the stairs.Around the 30th floor, firefighters started passing Michael on their way up . Each one stopped to offer him assistance. He declined but let Roselle be petted, __25___ (provide) many of the firefighters with ____26___ would be their last experience of unconditional love.After about 45 minutes ,Michael and Roselle reached __27___ booby ,and 15 minutes later ,they emerged outside to a scene of chaos . Suddenly the police yelled for everyone to run as the South Tower began to collapse.Michael kept a tight grip on Ro selle’s harness , using voice and hand commands, as they ran to a street opposite the crumbling tower . The street bounced like a trampoline , and “a deafening roar” like a hellish freight train filled the air. Hours later , Michael andRoselle made it hom e safely . At that moment , they thought they were ___28____(lucky ) in the world.In 2004, Roselle developed a blood disorder , ___29___ prevented her from guidingand touring . She died in 2011.“ I ___30___ (have) many other dogs ,” Mechael wrote , “but there is only one Roselle.”Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.For thousands of commuting students, Chabot was our Columbia, Annapolis, even our Sorbonne, offering courses in physics, stenography, auto mechanics, ___31___ public accounting, foreign languages, journalism—name the art or science, the subject or trade, and it was probably in the ___32___. The college had a nursing program that churned out graduates, sports teams that funneled athletes to big-time programs, and parking for a few thousand cars—all ___33___, but for the effort and the cost of used textbooks.Classmates included veterans back from Vietnam, women of every marital and maternal status returning to school, middle-aged men wanting to improve their employment ___34___ and paybacks. We could get our general education requirement out of the way at Chabot—credits we could ___35___ to a university—which made those two years an invaluable head start. I was able to go on to the California State University in Sacramento (at $95 a semester, just ___36___ affordable) and study no other subject but my major, theater arts. (After a year there I moved on, enrolling in a little thing called the School of Hard Knocks, a.k.a. Life.) “By some fluke of the punch-card computer era, I made Chabot’s dean’s list taking classes I loved (oral interpretation), classes I hesitated (health, a requirement), classes I aced, and classes I ___37___ after the first hour (astronomy, because it was all math). I nearly failed zoology, killing my fruit flies by neglect, but got lucky in an English course, “The College Reading Experience.” The books of Carlos Castaneda were incomprehensible to me (and still are), but my___38___ presentation on the analytic process called structural dynamics was hailed as clear and concise, though I did nothing more than embellish the definition I had looked up in the dictionary.A public-speaking class was unforgettable for a couple of reasons. First, the assignments forced us to get over our ___39___. Second, another student was a stewardess, as flight attendants called themselves in the 70’s. She was studying communications and was gorgeous. She lived not far from me, and when my VW threw a rod and was in the shop for a week, she offered me a lift to class. I rode shotgun that Monday-Wednesday-Friday, ___40___ tongue-tied. Communicating with her one-on-one was the antithesis of public speaking.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.It’s a high-risky, multibillion-dollar industry with tight deadlines, demanding customers and lives in danger.The business is 41 . And it’s booming.The number of jobs for translators and interpreters doubled in the past 10 years while their wages steadily 42 before, during and after the recession. During a period of stagnating (停滞的) wages across the labor market, the language-service industry with its 50,000 jobs is a 43 spot in the jobs outlook.Lillian Clementi is a French translator working in corporate communications from her home in Arlington, Massachusetts and is routinely on tight deadlines to hand in translated material. “The risks can be huge,” said Clementi, “There’s tons of 44 pressure.”In some cases, a(n) 45 translation or interpretation is also vital. If a user’s guide for medical equipment is not translated well, it could lead to 46 during an emergency. Soldiers in conflict areas require excellent interpreters to speak with community members. Any change of tone or context could put lives 47 .Translators’ and interpreters’ immunity (免疫力) to the nation’s economic downturn also 48 the growing demand for people who can speak several languages in an increasingly globalized economy, experts said.“Good translators who 49 a particular subject and become really good at it can really make six-digit figures annually,” said Jiri Stejskal, spokesman for the American Translators Association.Multinational corporations, U.S. demographic (人口的) changes and the Internet economy raise the need for translated and localized information. Companies increasingly want their content 50 to the tongue of the town, even between dialects of the same language.“As more people 51 the worldwide economy, that’s go ing to drive more commerce, and that’s going to drive more language services,” said Bill Rivers, executive director of the National Council for Language and International Studies in the Washington region.52 , qualifications for translators and interpreters are not as simple as they may seem. Speaking two languages does not mean a person can work in the language-service industry, experts said. Learning how to translate or interpret is a 53 skill beyond knowing the language.Furthermore, the most successful translators and interpreters maintain a 54 , such as legal documents, quarterly earnings reports or a special knowledge of industry.Technological advances may cut jobs in some industries, but online translation services like Google Translate 55 raise demand for human translators and interpreters, experts said. Online sales companies also drive demand for translation.41．A. tourism B. language C. technology D. economy42．A. shrank B. changed C. grew D. remained43．A. bright B. scenic C. historic D. tough44．A. money B. peer C. blood D. time45．A. proper B. quick C. direct D. innovative46．A. disease B. depression C. violence D. confusion47．A. in order B. at risk C. under control D. out of state48．A. highlights B. understands C. increases D. resists49．A. set up B. depend on C. specialize in D. object to50．A. limited B. accustomed C. related D. tailored51．A. agree with B. have access to C. are confident of D. insist on52．A. Instead B. Therefore C. However D. Otherwise53．A. separate B. genetic C. learnable D. worthwhile54．A. certificate B. diploma C. strategy D. specialty55．A. automatically B. respectively C. actually D. immediatelySection BDirection：Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished sattments. For each of them there are four choices markedA, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)If you could be anybody in the world, who would it be? Your neighbour or a super star? A few people have experienced what it might be like to step into the skin of another person, thanks to an unusual virtual reality（虚拟现实）device. Rikke Wahl, an actress, model and artist, was one of the participants in a body swapping experiment at the Be Another lab, a project developed by a group of artists based in Barcelona. She swapped with her partner, an actor, using a machine called The Machine to Be Another and temporarily became a man. "As I looked down, I saw my whole body as a man, dressed in my partner's pants," she said. "That's the picture I remember best."The set-up is relatively simple. Both users wear a virtual reality headset with a camera on the top. The video from each camera is sent to the other person, so what you see is the exact view of your partner. If she moves her arm, you see it. If you move your arm, she sees it.To get used to seeing another person's body without actually having control of it, participants start by raising their arms and legs very slowly, so that the other can follow along. Eventually, this kind of slow synchronised（同步的）movement becomes comfortable, and participants really start to feel as though they are living in another person's body.Using such technology promises to alter people's behaviour afterwards-potentially for the better. Studies have shown that virtual reality can be effective in fighting racism-the bias（偏见）that humans have against those who don't look or sound like them. Researchers at the Universityof Barcelona gave people a questionnaire called the Implicit Association Test, which measures the strength of people's associations between, for instance, black people and adjectives such as good, bad, athletic or awkward. Then they asked them to control the body of a dark skinned digital character using virtual reality glasses, before taking the test again. This time, the participants' bias scores were lower. The idea is that once you've "put yourself in another's shoes" you're less likely to think ill of them, because your brain has internalised the feeling of being that person. The creators of The Machine to Be Another hope to achieve a similar result. "At the end of body swapping, people feel like holding each other in their arms," says Arthur Pointeau, a programmer with the project. "It's a really nice way to have this kind of experience. I would really, really recommend it to everyone."56．The word "swapping" (paragraph 1) is closest in meaning to______.A. buildingB. exchangingC. controllingD. transplanting57．We can infer from the experiment at the Be Another lab that______.A. our feelings are related to our bodily experienceB. we can learn to take control of other people's bodiesC. participants will live more passionately after the experimentD. The Machine to Be Another can help people change their sexes58．In the Implicit Association Test, before the participants used virtual reality glasses to control a dark skinned digital character, ______.A. they fought strongly against racismB. they scored lower on the test for racismC. they changed their behaviour dramaticallyD. they were more biased against those unlike them59．It can be concluded from the passage that______.A. technology helps people realize their dreamsB. our biases could be eliminated through experimentsC. virtual reality helps promote understanding among peopleD. our points of view about others need changing constantly（B）Welcome to the British Museum, the grandest and the most spectacular of human history. The admission is free and we open every day from 10:00 to 15:30. You can explore 10 departments including:The Department of Africa, Oceania and the AmericasThe collection of the Department of Africa, Oceania and the Americas includes around 350,000 objects. The scope of the collection is contemporary, and historical. It includes most of Africa, the Pacific and Australia, as well as the Americas. All of the collections were got during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries and date from this time.The Department of AsiaThe Department of Asia covers the material and visual cultures of Asia – a vast geographical area of Japan, Korea, China, Central Asia, Afghanistan, South Asia and South-East Asia. The collection dates from about 4000 BC, to the present day. It represents the cultures and ways of life of local people and other minority groups.The Department of Greek and Roman EmpiresThe Department of Greek and Roman Empires features antiquities (古董). It has one of the most comprehensive collections of antiquities from the Classical world, with over 100,000 objects. These mostly range in date from the beginning of the Greek Bronze Age (about 3200BC) to the time of the Roman emperor Constantine in the fourth century AD.60. The scope of the Department of Africa, Oceania and Americas doesn’t include______.A. AfricaB. AustraliaC. the South AmericaD. Britain61. The earliest collection is from ______.A. The Department of Africa, Oceania and the AmericasB. The Department of AsiaC. The Department of Greek and Roman EmpiresD. All of the above62. The Department of Asia represents ______.A. the geographic features of AsiaB. the relationships between Asian countriesC. the life styles and cultural traditions of some peoplesD. the cultural fights between some native groups(C)“Does my smile look big in this?” Future fitting-room mirrors in clothing stores could subtly adjust your reflection to make you look ─and hence feel ─happier, encouraging you to like what you see.That’s the idea behind the Emotion Evoking System developed by Shigeo Yoshida and colleagues at the University of Tokyo in Japan. The system can manipulate, or in other word, control your emotions and personal preferences by presenting you with an image of your own smiling or frowning face.The principle that physiological changes can drive emotional ones ─that laughter comes before happiness, rather than the other way around ─is a well-established idea.The researchers wanted to see if this idea could be used to build a computer system that manipulates how you feel. The system works by presenting the user with a web-camera image of his or her face ─as if they were looking in a mirror. The image is then subtly altered with software, turning the corners of the mouth up or down and changing the area around the eyes, so that the person appears to smile or frown (皱眉).Without telling them the aim of the study, the team recruited (招募) 21 volunteers and askedthem to sit in front of the screen while performing an unrelated task. When the task was complete the participants rated how they felt. When the faces on screen appeared to smile, people reported that they felt happier. On the other hand, when the image was given a sad expression, they reported feeling less happy.Yoshida and his colleagues tested whether manipulating the volunteers’ emotional state would influence their preferences. Each person was given a scarf to wear and again presented with the altered webcam image. The volunteers that saw themselves smiling while wearing the scarf were more likely to report that they liked it, and those that saw themselves not smiling were less likely. The system could be used to manipulate con sumers’ impressions of products, say the researchers. For example, mirrors in clothing-store fitting rooms could be replaced with screens showing altered reflections. They also suggest people may be more likely to find clothes attractive if they see themselves looking happy while trying them on.“It’s certainly an interesting area,” says Chris Creed at the University of Birmingham, UK. But he notes that using such technology in a shop would be harder than in the lab, because people will use a wide range of expressions. “Attempting to make slight differences to these and ensuring that the reflected image looks believable would be much more challenging,” he says.Of course, there are also important moral questions surrounding such subtly manipulative technolog y. “You could argue that if it makes people happy what harm is it doing?” says Creed. “But I can imagine that many people may feel manipulated, uncomfortable and cheated if they found out.”63．What’s the main purpose of the Emotion Evoking System?A. To se e whether one’s feeling can be unconsciously affected.B. To see whether one’s facial expressions can be altered.C. To see whether laughter comes before happiness.D. To replace the mirrors in future clothing-store fitting rooms.64．What can we learn about the web-camera image in the study?A. It recorded the volunteers’ performance in the task.B. It gave the volunteers a false image.C. It attempted to make the volunteers feel happier.D. It beautified the volunteers’ appearance in the mirror.65．What does Creed mention as a limitation of the technology?A. It only changes the areas around the mouth and the eyes.B. It only works in clothing stores.C. It only makes subtle changes to people’s expressions.D. It only deals with a limited number of facial expressions.66．What does Creed’s comment on the moral issues with this technology imply?A. Nothing is more important than happiness.B. Technology is unable to manipulate people.C. People should make their decisions independently.D. People should neglect the harm of the technology.Section CDirections : Complete the following passage by using the sentences listed below. Each sentence can only be used once. Note that there are two sentences more than you need.Suppose you become a leader in an organization . It’s very likely that you’ll want to have volunteers to help with the organization’s activities . To do so , it should help understand why people undertake volunteer word and what keeps their interest in the work.Let’s begin with the questi on of why people volunteer . ___________67_______________For example , people volunteer to express personal values related to unselfishness , to expand their range of experiences , and to strengthen social relationships. If volunteer positions do not meet these needs, people may not wish to participate . To select volunteers , you may need to understand the motivations of the people you wish to attract.People also volunteer because they are required to do so . To increase levels of community service, some schools have launched compulsory volunteer programs. Unfortunately , these programs can shift people’s wish of participating from an internal factor(e.g.,’I volunteer because it’s important to me”) to an external factor(e.g., ‘ I volunteer because I’m required to do so .”) . When that happens people become less likely to volunteer in the future._________68______________Once people begin to volunteer ,what leads them to remain in their positions over time? To answer this question , researchers have conducted follow-up studies in which they track volunteers over time. For instance , one study followed 238 volunteers in Florida over a year . One of the most important factors that influenced their satisfaction as volunteers was the amount of suffering they experienced in their volunteer positions.____69______ the researchers note that attention should be given to “training methods that would prepare volunteers for troublesome situations or provide them with strategies for coping with the problem they do experien ce.”Another study of 302 volunteers at hospitals in Chicago focused on individual differences in the degree to which people view “volunteer” as an important social role.______70________ . Participants indicated the degree to which the social role mattered by responding to statements such as “Volunteering in Hospital is an important part of who I am .” “ Consistent with the researchers “ expectations, they found a positive correlation between the strength of role identity and the length of time people continued to volunteer. These results , once again , lead to concrete advice:” Once an individual begins volunteering ,continued efforts might focus on developing a volunteer role identity -------- Item like T-shirts that allow volunteers to be recognized pub licly for their contribution can help strengthen role identity.”A. People volunteer mainly out of academic requirements and internal needs.B. People must be sensitive to this possibility when they make volunteer activities a mustC. It was assumed that those people for whom the role of volunteer was most part of their personal identity would also be likely to continue volunteer work.D. Individual differences in role identity is most likely to motivate volunteers to continue their work.E. Although this result may not surprise you ,it leads to important practical advice.F. Researchers have identified several factors that motivate people to get involved.Section DDirections : Read the following passage , Summarize the main idea and the main points of the passage in no more than 60 words . Use your own words as far as possible.In the United States alone , over 100 million cell-phones are thrown away each year. Cell-phone are part of a a growing mountain of electronic waste like computers and personal digital assistants. The electronic waste stream is increasing three times faster than traditional garbage as a whole.Electronic devices contain valuable metals such as gold and silver . A Swiss study reported that while the weight of electronic goods represented by precious metals was relatively small in comparison to total waste , the concentration (含氟) of gold and other precious metals was higher in So-called e-waste than in naturally occurring minerals.Electronic wastes also contain many poisonous metals . Even when the machines are recycled and the harmful metals removed , the recycling process often is carried out in poor countries , in practically uncontrolled ways which allow many poisonous substances to escape into the environment.Creating products out of raw materials creates much more materials, up to 100 times more, than the material contained in the finished products . Consider again the cell-phone , and imagine the mines that produced those metals , the factories needed to make the box and packaging(包装) it came in . Many wastes produced in the producing process are harmful as well.The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency notes that most waste is dangerous in that “ the production , distribution , and use of products ------as well as management of the resulting waste-----all result in greenhouse gas release.” Individuals can reduce their contribution by creating less waste at the start ---- for instance , buying reusable products and recycling In many countries the concept of the extended producer responsibility is being considered or has been put in place as an incentive（动机）for reducing waste. If producers are required to take back packaging they use to sell their products , would they reduce the packaging in the first place?Governments’ incentive to require producers to take responsibility for the packaging they。
2018上海高考试题及答案英语.doc
2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（上海卷）英语试卷考生注意：1.考试时间120分钟, 试卷满分150分。
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第I卷(共103分)I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. It is satisfactory. B. It is luxurious.C. It is old-fashioned.D. It is disappointing.2. A. On August 5th. B. On August 6th. C. On August 7th. D. On August 8th.3. A. A waiter. B. A butcher. C. A porter. D. A farmer.4. A. In a theatre. B. In a library. C. In a booking office. D. In a furniture store.5. A. She expected to a better show. B. She could hardly find her seat.C. She wasn’t interested in the show.D. She didn’t get a favourable seat.6. A. The woman often eats out for breakfast. B. The cafeteria serves good breakfast.C. The woman doesn’t have breakfast.D. The cafeteria doesn’t serve breakfast.7. A. Selling cucumbers. B. Planting vegetables. C. Cooking a meal. D. Picking tomatoes.8. A. The man should work hard. B. The man should turn down the job offer.C. The man may have another chance.D. The man can apply for the job again.9. A. It is a hot and smoggy day. B. There is a traffic jam on King Street.C. A vehicle is polluting the air.D. The man is reading a report online.10. A. Its ending is not good enough. B. Its special effects are not satisfying.C. It deserves an award.D. It is good except for the scary part. Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will beasked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. $1. B. $2 C. $3 D. $ 52.12. A. Pay the bills first.B. Spend 2% of the salary on living expenses.C. Deposit $1000 every month.D. Put part of the money in a savings account.13. A. Methods of saving money.B. Saving money for family emergencies.C. The importance of saving money.D. Secrets of spending money wisely.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. Free education.B. A sum of money.C. Donations from a local newspaper.D. Gifts from many people.15. A. Let students in before school.B. Offer ice cream and coffee.C. Introduce a bank into the campus.D. Reduce the traffic jams around.16. A. It lacks positive news.B. It should grow into a big city.C. It is a place worth living in.D. It remains peaceful and quiet.Section CDirections: In section C, you will hear two longer conversations. The conversations will be read twice. After you hear each conversation, you are required to fill in the numbered blanks with the information you have heard. Write your answers on your answer sheet.Blanks 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.Complete the form. Write ONE WORD for each answer.Blank 21 through 24 are based on the following conversation.Complete the form. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form. of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.(A)Bags of LoveLast year, I was assigned to work at an office near my mother’s house, so I stayed with her for a month. During that time, I helped out with the housework and contributed to the groceries.After less than a week, I started noticing that the groceries were running out pretty quickly —we were always suddenly out of something.(25)_______(wonder) how my mum could consume them so quickly, I began observing her daily routine for two weeks. To my surprise, I found that she would pack a paper bag full of canned goods and head out every morning at about nine. Eventually, I decided to follow her and (26)_______ happened truly amazed me. She was taking the food to the refugee camp, in (27)______ she distributed it to children.I asked around and found out that my mum was very well known in the area. The kids were very friendly with her and even looked up to her as if she were their own mother. Then it hit me —shy would she mot want to tell me about what she (28)_____(do)? Was she worried about how I would react or that I would stop (29)_____(buy) the groceries if I found out?When she got home, I told her about my discovery. (30)_____ she could react, I gave her a big hug and told her she didn’t need to keep it a secret (31)______me. She told me that some of the children lived with an older lady in a shelter while others slept on the streets. For years, my mum has been helping out by giving them whatever food she could spare. I was so impressed by (32)_____ selfless she was.(B)Stress: Good or Bad?Stress used to be an almost unknown word, but now that we are used to talking about it, I have found that people are beginning to get stressed about being stressed.In recent years, stress(33)______(regard) as a cause of a whole range of medical problems, from high blood pressure to mental illness. But like so many other things, it is only too much stress(34)______ does you harm. It is time you considered that if there were no stress in your life, you would achieve a little. If you are stuck at home with no stress, then your level of performance will be low. Up to a certain point, the more stress you are under, the (35)_____(good) your performance will be. Beyond a certain point, though , further stress will only lead to exhaustion, illness and finally a breakdown. You can tell when you are over the top and on the downward slope, by asking yourself (36)_______ number of questions. Do you, for instance, feel that too much is being expected of (37)______, and yet find it impossible to say no? Do you find yourself getting impatient of (38) _____(annoy) with people over unimportant things?... If the answer to all those questions is yes, you had better(39)______(control ) your stress, as you probably are under more stress than is good for you.To some extent you can control the amount of stress in your life. Doctors have worked out a chart showing how much stress is involved in various events. Getting married is 50, pregnancy 40, moving house 20, Christmas 12,etc. If the total stress in your life is over 150, you are twice as likely (40)_______ (get )ill. Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box.Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than youneed.What makes good design? Over the years, designers and artists have been trying to 41 the essentials of good design. They have found that some sayings can help people understand the ideas of good design. There are four as follows.Less is more. This saying is associated with the German-born architect Mies van der Rohe. In his Modernist view, beauty lies in simplicity and elegance, and the aim of the designer is to create solutions to problems through the most efficient means. Design should avoid unnecessary 42More is not a bore. The American-born architect Robert Venturi concluded that if simplicity is done badly, the result is 43 design. Post-Modernist designers began to 44 with decoration and color again. Product design was heavily influenced by this view and can be seen in kitchen 45 such as ovens and kettles.Fitness for purpose. Successful product design takes into consideration a product’s function, purpose, shape, form, color, and so on. The most important result for the user is that the product does what is 46 . For example, think of a(n) 47 desk lamp. It needs to be constructed from materials that will stand the heat of the lamp and regular adjustments by the user. It also needs to be stable. Most importantly, it needs to 48 light where it is needed.From follows emotion. This phrase is associated with the German designer Hartmut Esslinger. He believes design must take into 49 the sensory side of our nature—sight, smell, touch and taste. These are as important as rational(理性的). When choosing everyday products such as toothpaste, we appreciate a cool-looking device that allows us to easily 50 the toothpaste onto our brush.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.In the 1960s, Douglas McGregor, one of the key thinkers in the art of management, developed the mow famous Theory X and Theory Y. Theory X is the idea that people instinctively 51 work and will do anything to avoid it. Theory Y is the view that everyone has the potential to find satisfaction in work.In any case, despite so much evidence to the 52 , many managers still agree to Theory X. They believe, 53 , that their employees need constant supervision if they are to work effectively, or that decisions must be imposed from 54 without consultation. This, of course, makes for authoritarian (专制的) managers.Different cultures have different ways of 55 people. Unlike authoritarian management, some cultures, particularly in Asia, are well known for the consultative nature of decision-making—all members of the department or work group are asked to 56 to this process. This is management by the collective opinion. Many western companies have tried to imitate such Asian ways of doing things, which are based on general 57 . Some experts say that women will become more effective managers than men because they have the power to reach common goals in a way that traditional 58 managers cannot.A recent trend has been to encourage employees to use their own initiative, to make decisions on their own without 59 managers first. This empowerment(授权) has been part of the trend towards downsizing: 60 the number of management layers in companies. After de-layering in this way, a company may be 61 with just a top level of senior managers, front-line managers and employees with direct contact with the public. Empowerment takes the idea of delegation (委托) much further than has 62 been the case. Empowerment and delegation mean new forms of management control to 63 that the overall business plan is being followed, and that operations become more profitable under the new organization, rather than less.Another trend is off-site or 64 management, where teams of people linked by e-mail and the Internet work on projects from their own houses.Project managers evaluate the 65of the team members in terms of what they produce for projects, rather than the amount of time they spend on them.51. A. desire B. seek C. lose D. dislike52. A. contrary B. expectation C. degree D. extreme53. A. vice versa B. for example C. however D. otherwise54. A. outside B. inside C. below D. above55. A. replacing B. assessing C. managing D. encouraging56. A. refer B. contribute C. object D. apply57. A. agreement B. practice C. election D. impression58. A. bossy B. experienced C. western D. male59. A. asking B. training C. warning D. firing60. A. doubling B. maintaining C. reducing D. estimating61. A. honoured B. left C. crowded D. compared62. A. economically B. traditionally C. inadequately D. occasionally63. A. deny B. admit C. assume D. ensure64. A. virtual B. ineffective C. day-to-day D.on-the-scene65. A. opinion B. risk C. performance D. attractivenessSection BDirection：Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished sattments. For each of them there are four choices markedA, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)One early morning, I went into the living room to find my mother reading a thick book called Best Loved Poems to Read Again and Again. My interest was aroused only by the fact that the word “Poems” appeared in big, hot pink letters.“Is it good?” I asked her.“Yeah,” she answered. “There’s one I really like and you’ll like it, too.” I leaned forward.“‘Patty Poem,’” she read the title. Who is Patty? I wondered. The poem began:She never puts her toys away,Just leaves them scattered①where they lay,…①散乱的The poem was just three short sections. The final one came quickly:When she grows and gathers poise②, ②稳重I’ll miss her harum-scarum③noise, ③莽撞的And look in vain④for scattered toys. ④徒劳地And I’ll be sad.A terrible sorrow washed over me. Whoever Patty was, she was a mean girl. Then, the shock.“It’s you, honey,” My mother said sadly.To my mother, the poem revealed a parent’s affection when her child grows up and leaves. To me, the “she” in the poem was horror. It was my mama who would be sad. It was so terrible I burst out crying.“What’s wrong?” my mother asked.“Oh Mama,” I cried. “I don’t want to grow up ever!”She smiled. “Honey, it’s okay. You’re not growing up anytime soon. And when you do, I’ll still love you, okay?”“Okay,” I was still weeping. My panic has gone. But I could not help thinking about that silly poem. After what seemed like a safe amount of time, I read the poem again and was confused. It all fit so well together, like a puzzle. The language was simple, so simple I could plainly understand its meaning, yet it was still beautiful. I was now fascinated by the idea of poetry, words that had the power to make or break a person’s world.I have since fallen in love with other poems, but “Patty Poem” remains my poem. After all, “Patty Poem” gave me my love for poetry not because it was the poem that lifted my spirits, but because it was the one that hurt me the most. 66. Why was the writer attracted by the book Best Loved Poems to Read Again and Again?A. It was a thick enough book.B. Something on its cover caught her eye.C. Her mother was reading it with interest.D. It has a meaningful title.67. After her mother read the poem to her, the writer felt ______ at first.A. sadB. excitedC. horrifiedD. confused68. The writer’s mother liked to read “Patty Poem” probably because______.A. it reflected her own childhoodB. it was written in simple languageC. it was composed by a famous poetD. it gave her a hint of what would happen69. It can be concluded from the passage that“Patty Poem”leads the writer to _______.A. discover the power of poetryB. recognize her love for puzzlesC. find her eagerness to grow upD. experience great homesickness（B）Is there link between humans and climate change or not? This question was first studied in the early 1900s. Since then, many scientists have thought that our actions do make a difference. In 1997, the Kyoto Protocol explained our role in the Earth’s changing atmosphere and set international limits for gas emissions(排放) from 2018 to 2012. Some countries have decided to continue these reductions until 2020. More recently, the Paris Agreement, stuck by nearly 200 countries, also aims to limit global warming. But just now how much warmer it will get depends on how deeply countries cut carbon emissions. This is how much temperatures would rise by 2100 even if nations live up to the initial Paris promises to reduce carbon emissions; this rise could still put coastalcities under water and drive over half of all species to extinction.2℃To meet this minimum goal, the Agreement requires countries to tighten emissions targets every five years. Even this increase could sink some islands, worse drought(干旱) and drive a decline of up to a third in the number of species.1.5℃This is the most ambitious goal for temperature rise set by the Paris Agreement, after a push by low-lying island nations like Kiribati, which say limiting temperature rise to 1.5℃could save them from sinking.0.8℃This is how much temperatures have risen since the industrial age began, putting us 40% of the way to the 2℃point.0℃The baseline here is average global temperature before the start of the industrial age.70. It can be concluded from paragraph 1 that _______.A. the problem of global warming will have been quite solved by 2020B. gas emissions have been effectively reduced in developed countriesC. the Paris Agreements is more influential than the Kyoto ProtocolD. humans have made continuous efforts to slow down global warming71. If nations could only keep the initial promises of the Paris Agreement, what would happen by the year 2100?A. The human population would increase by one third.B. Little over 50% of all species would still exist.C. Nations would not need to tighten their emissions targets.D. The Agreement’s minimum goal would not be reached.72. If those island nations not far above sea level are to survive, the maximum temperature rise, since the start of the industrial age, should be_______.A. 0.8℃B. 1.5℃C. 2℃D. 3.5℃(C)Enough “meaningless drivel”. That’s the message from a group of members of the UK government who have been examining how social media firms like LinkedIn gather and use social media data.The H ouse of Commons Science and Technology Committee’s report,released last week, has blamed firms for making people sign up to long incomprehensible legal contracts and calls for an international standard or kitemark (认证标记) to identify sites that have clear terms and conditions.“The term and conditions statement that we all carelessly agree to is meaningless drivel to anyone,” says Andrew Miller, the chair of the committee. Instead, he says, firms should provide a plain-English version of their terms. The simplified version would be checked by a third party and awarded a kitemark if it is an accurate reflection of the original.It is not yet clear who would administer the scheme, but the UK government is looking at introducing it on a voluntary basis. “we need to think through how we make that work in practice,” says Miller.Would we pay any more attention to a kitemark? “I think if you went and did the survey, people would like to think they would,” says Nigel Shadbolt at the University of Southampto n, UK, who studies open data. “We do know people worry a lot about the inappropriate use of their information.” But what would happen in practice is another matter, he says.Other organisations such as banks ask customers to sign long contracts they may not read or understand, but Miller believes social media requires special attention because it is so new. “We still don’t know how significant the long-term impact is going to be of unwise things that kids put on social media that come back and bite them in 20 years’ time,” he says.Shadbolt, who gave evidence to the committee, says the problem is that w e don’t know how companies will use our data because their business models and uses of data are still evolving. Large collections of personal information h ave become valuable only recently, he says.The shock and anger when a social media firm does something with data that people don’t expect, even if users have apparently p ermission, show that the current situation isn’t working. If properly administered, a kitemark on terms and conditions could help people know what exactly they are signing up to. Although they would still have to actually read them.73. What does the phras e “ meaningless drivel” in paragraphs 1 and 3 refer to?A. Legal contracts that social media firms make people sign up to.B. Warnings from the UK government against unsafe websites.C. Guidelines on how to use social media websites properly.D. Insignificant data collected by social media firms.74. It can be inferred from the passage that Nigel Shadbolt doubts whether _______.A. social media firms would conduct a survey on the kitemark schemeB. people would pay as much attention to a kitemark as they thinkC. a kitemark scheme would be workable on a nationwide scaleD. the kitemark would help companies develop their business models75. Andrew Miller thinks social media needs more attention than banks mainly because _______.A. their users consist largely of kids under 20 years oldB. the language in their contracts is usually harder to understandC. the information they collected could become more valuable in futureD. it remains unknown how users’ data will be taken advantag e of76. The writer advises users of social media to _______.A. think carefully before posting anything onto such websitesB. read the terms and conditions even if there is a kitemarkC. take no further action if they can find a kitemarkD. avoid providing too much personal information77. Which of the following is the best title of the passage?A. Say no to social media?B. New security rules in operation?C. Accept without reading?D. Administration matters!Section CDirections: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.Walking will be banned on escalators as part of a trail designed ti reduce congestion(拥堵) at some of the country’s busiest stations.In the first move of its kind, all travelers will be forced to stand on both sides of escalators on the London Underground as part of a plan to increase capacity(容量) at the height of the rush hour.A xix-month trial will be introduced at Holborn station from mid-April, eliminating the rule of standing on the right and walking on the left. The move, imitating a similar structure in Far eastern cities such as Hong Kong, is designed to increase the number of people using long escalators at the busiest times . it could be expanded across the Tube network in coming years.According to London Underground, only 40 percent of travelers walk the full length of long escalators, leaving the majority at the bottom as they wait to get on to the “standing “side.A three-week trial at Holborn last year found that the number of people using escalators at any time of could be raised by almost a third. Peter McNaught, operations director at London Underground, said: “It may not seem right that you can go quicker by standing still, but our experiments at Holborn have proved that it can be true. This new six-month trial will help us find out if we can influence customers to stand on both sides in the long term.”Holborn has one of the longest sets of escalators on the Underground network at 23.4 high. Tube bosses claim that capacity was limited because so few people wanted to walk up—meaning only one side was used at all times. Research has shown that it is more effective use of escalators over 18.5 to ban walking.The previous trial found that escalators at the station normally carried 2,500people between 8:30am and 9:30am on a typical day, rising to 3,250 during the researching period.In the new trial, which will be launched from April 18, one of three “up”escalators will be standing only, with a second banning walking at peak times. A third will remain a mix of walking and standing.(Note: Answering the questions the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS.)78. What is the existing problem with standing on the right and walking on the left?79. What did last year’s three-week trial at Holborn station prove?80.The research suggests that walking should be forbidden on escalators that are at least _________ in height.81. In the new trail, in addition to one escalator banning walking in rush hours, the other “up” escalators will be used for_________________.第II卷(共47分)I.TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1.我真希望自己的文章有朝一日能见报。
最新-2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语试题上海卷含答案精品
2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（上海卷）英语第Ⅰ卷（共118分）I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the endof each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversation and the question will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, readthe four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. A basketball player. B. A laundry worker.C. A window washer.D. A rock climber2. A. She is not hungry. B. She wants to cook.C. She is not tired.D. She wants to dine out.3. A. Promising. B. Isolated C. Crowded. D. Modern4. A. To a stationery shop. B. To a gymnasium.C. To a paint store.D. To a news stand.5. A. The man can see a different view. B. The food is not tasty enough.C. The man cannot afford the food.D. The food is worth the price.6. A. She reads different kinds of books. B. She also finds the book difficult to read.C. She is impressed by the characters.D. She knows well how to remember names.7. A. The man will go to the post office. B. The post office is closed for the day.C. The woman is expecting the newspaper.D. The delivery boy has been dismissed.8. A. She is not sure if she can join them. B. She will skip the class to see the film.C. She will ask the professor for leave.D. She does not want to see a film.9. A. Fashion designing is a booming business. B. School learning is a must for fashion designers.C. He hopes to attend a good fashion school.D. The woman should become a fashion designer.10. A. Few people drive within the speed limit. B. Drivers usually obey traffic rules.C. The speed limit is really reasonable.D. The police stop most drivers for speedingSection BDirections: In section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questionson each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. A book publisher. B. A company manager.C. A magazine editor.D. A school principal.12. A. Some training experience. B. A happy family.C. Russian assistants' help.D. A good memory.13. A. Lynn’s devotion to the family. B. Lynn’s busy and successful life.。
最新-2018届上海市十三校高三2018月联考英语试题及答案 精品
高三学科测试英语试卷2018.12.13考试时间：120分钟满分：150分第一卷 (共103 分)I. Listening Comprehension （30分）Section ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. A student. B. A secretary. C. A teacher. D. A boss.2. A. In the department store. B. At the airport.C. At the railway station.D. At the furniture store.3. A. By car. B. By bike. C. By bus. D. On foot.4. A. The English test took place a week ago.B. The woman was confident about the English test.C. Tomorrow’s English test will be easy.D. There won’t be an English test tomorrow.5. A. She doesn’t like English poetry. B. Poetry class is very popular.C. Dr. Robinson is easy to get along with.D. The course will be difficult.6. A. Five feet tall. B. Only one foot tall. C. Six feet tall. D. Seven feet tall.7. A. Go to the library. B. Go to see a film.C. Get some exercise.D. Do homework in school.8. A. It is 4: 10 now. B. It is 4: 20 now. C. It is 4: 50 now. D. It is 5:00 now.9. A. He is not very enthusiastic about his English lessons.B. He has made great progress in his English.C. He is a student of the music department.D. He is not very interested in English songs.10. A. He has always been so productive. B. He got his job done within a minute.C. He finished the paper just in time.D. He hasn’t finished his paper yet.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard. Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. When directions are long. B. When directions are short.C. When homework is given.D. When your mother talks.12. A. Your pen and paper. B. A few words. C. Your mind and ears. D. Some pictures.13. A Topics or page numbers. B. Key words or a picture in mind.C. Some details.D. School assignments.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. It is based on individual needs, personal goals and different life styles.B. It is decided by the healthiest lifestyle.C. It is based on some tests and comparison with standards.D. It is based more on individual needs than personal goals.15. A. It is more accurate. B. It is more flexible.C. It is less enjoyable.D. It is less effective.16. A. An accountant who can be as physically fit as an athlete.B. The importance of three basic factors concerning fitness.C. New concept of fitness and its essential factors.D. Some sports with significant training effect.Section CDirections: In Section C, you will hear two longer conversations. The conversations will be read twice. After you hear each conversation, you are required to fill in the numbered blanks with the information you have heard. Write your answers on your answer sheet.Complete the form. Write for each answer.Complete the form. Write for each answer.II. Grammar and Vocabulary （26分）Section ADirections: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks,use one word that best fits each blank.(A)Many kinds of music can stir the imagination and produce strong feeling. For some people, romantic composers such as Chopin and Tchaikovsky enhance feelings of love and sympathy. Religious and spiritual music 25 help some people feel peace or lessen their pain. But one musician seems to have a unique ability of healing(治愈) the human body – Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart. Scientists have found Mozart’s music to be remarkable in its ability 26 (calm) its listeners. It can also increase their perceptions, and help them express themselves more clearly.Many amazing cases have been documented using Mozart 27 a healing aid. For example,a tiny premature baby 28 (name) Krissy, who weighed just 1.5 pounds at birth, was on total life support. Doctors thought she had little chance of survival. Her mother insistedon playing Mozart for Krissy, and thought 29 saved her daughter’s life. Krissy lived, 30 she was very small for her age and slower than the average child. At the age of four, she showed an interest in music and her parents gave her violin lessons.31 their astonishment, Krissy was able to play musical pieces from memory that were far beyond the ability of an average four-year-old. 32 (play) music helped her improve inall areas of her life.(B)Touch is the first tool we turn to when we face pain. We react similarly to 33 injured toe and a broken heart, tenderly 34 (grasp) the affected area. We areall born with the power to heal ourselves and to heal others because healing energy does not come from within but from outside ourselves. The energy is there for anyone to use, and no formal training 35 (require). When you have the intent to heal, and love is your only motive, you become a channel for healing energy. Through the simple touch of hands, you can use that universal healing energy to comfort those who 36 (experience) painor distress.In performing healing energy work, it is necessary that you let your intuition (直觉) guide you to the affected area. Just imagine a healing light being drawn in through the top of your head and flowing through your hands. The energy will begin to flow once you have made a physical connection, and your touch will help awaken the body’s capacityfor self-healing. The affected areas of the body, 37 were previously tense or tight, will relax with enough healing energy. 38 (try) not to feel like you aren’t helpingif you don’t feel the flow. The work you are doing is indeed helping.Understanding 39 energy works is less important than consciously making use of it. Performing a loving healing treatment on your loved ones can be a wonderful experience that brings you closer together. And as the healing energy passes through you, it can awakena feeling within you that helps you 40 (well) understand the interactions between the spiritual, physical and mental selves.Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Genes are found in every plant or animal cell. They are the basic units of life that are capable of passing specific 41 from one generation to another. For example, whether you are tall or short depends upon the genes that you 42 from your parents. Cloning plants or animals is a process that 43 the production of a new organism thatis genetically identical to the organism from which cells were taken. Although this 44 has aroused great interest around the world over the last ten years or so, cloning is not something new in nature. Most mothers give birth to just one child at a time; however, on rare 45 a mother may give birth to a set of twins. If these two children are identical twins, then they are in fact naturally 46 clones of each other, although not of the parents. The reason for them being clones is that the two children originated from one 47 egg and consequently they are genetically identical. Twins that develop from two 48 eggs are not clones of each other.Cloning also occurs naturally in plants. Strawberry plants reproduce themselves by sending out runners, or modified stems, and these runners take root a short distance from the 49 plant and start to grow, and to produce fruit. In time, this plant sends out runners ofits own that also take root. This is known as asexual reproduction; in other words, reproduction that does not involve the fusion (融合) of male and female cells. The newly50 plants are clones of the original. In addition to strawberry plants, certain typesof flowers and grasses reproduce themselves in the same way. Throughout history, people have also facilitated cloning by taking small cuttings from plants and then growing them into new plants. This form of cloning is called vegetative propagation.III. Reading Comprehension（47分）Section ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Robert Frank, an economist at Cornell, believes that his profession is restricting cooperation and generosity. In the U.S., economics professors give __51__ money to charity than professors in other fields. Economics students in Germany are more likely than those from other majors to recommend an overpriced plumber (水管工) when they are __52__ to do it. Economics majors tend to rate __53__ as “generally good,”“correct,” and “moral”more than their peers.Does studying economics change people? Maybe not. It could be self-selection: students who already believe in self-interest are __54__ to economics. But this doesn't exclude the possibility that studying economics pushes people further toward the selfish extreme. By spending time with like-minded people, economics students may become __55__ that selfishness is widespread and reasonable -- or at least that giving is rare and foolish.“As a business school professor, these effects worry me, as economics, __56__ every aspect of our lives, is taught widely in business schools, providing a __57__ for courses in management, finance, and accounting.” says Frank.If economics can __58__ pro-social behavior, which is central to the well-being of people or society, what should we do about it? A change in economics and business __59__ is suggested. Courses in behavioral economics, which considers the role of “social preferences” like __60__, fairness and cooperation, are required for students of economics major. In fact, economics courses not involving some behavioral economics are considered both an inadequate education and a poor preparation to be a practising economist. Also, __61__ width, economics majors are required to take courses in social sciences like sociology and psychology, which place considerable emphasis on how people are __62__ about others, not only themselves. __63__, within economics courses, we should do a better job __64__ the principle of self-interest, which involves anything a person values -- including helping others.Not until then may the prophecy (预言) by Nobel Prize-winning economist and philosopher Amartya Sen be __65__. Calling economists “rational fools,” he observed: “The purely economic man is indeed close to being a social fool.”51.A. fewer B. less C. smaller D. more52.A. encouraged B. requested C. assigned D. paid53.A. teamwork B. greed C. desire D. economics54.A. opposed B. entitled C. drawn D. attached55.A. convinced B. depressed C. relaxed D. doubtful56.A. depending on B. adapting to C. differing from D. relating to57.A. potential B. judgment C. foundation D. reason58.A. assess B. research C. discourage D. cause59.A. education B. standard C. approach D. application60.A. competition B. evaluation C. community D. generosity61.A. in case of B. in terms of C. in relation to D. in needof62.A. concerned B. anxious C. curious D. enthusiastic63.A. However B. Therefore C. Furthermore D. Otherwise64.A. claiming B. defining C. overlooking D. recalling65.A. broken B. predicted C. challenged D. fulfilledSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)I used to think of myself as a fairly cosmopolitan（全球的）sort of person, but my bookshelves told a different story as my literature collection mainly consisted of British and American titles. Worse still, I hardly ever read anything in translation. My reading was limited to stories by English-speaking authors.So, at the start of 2018, I set myself the challenge of trying to read a book from every country in a year to find out what I was missing.With no idea how to go about this, thinking that I was unlikely to find books from nearly 200 nations from my local bookshop, I decided to ask the planet’s readers for help. I created a blog called A Year of Reading the World, appealing for suggestions of titles that I could read in English.The response was amazing. Before I knew it, people all over the world were getting in touch with ideas and offers of help. Some posted me books from their home countries. Others did hours of research on my behalf. In addition, several writers sent me unpublished translations of their novels, giving me a rare opportunity to read works otherwise unavailable to the 62% of British people who only speak English. Even with such support, however, sourcing books was no easy task.Tracking down stories in some unfamiliar places even took as much time as the reading and blogging. It was hard to fit it all in around work and many were the nights when I sat bleary-eyed (睡眼惺忪的) into the small hours to make sure I stuck to my target of reading one book every 1.87 days.Still，one by one, the country names on the list made at the start of the year transformed into vital, exciting places filled with laughter, love, anger, hope and fear. Lands that had once seemed exotic became familiar to me – places I could identify with. At its best, I learned, fiction makes the world real.66.What help did the writer receive to achieve his goal?A.Some writers sent him their original works.B.The local bookstore provided books from 200 nations even if it was unlikely.C.Some writers did research work on what books are popular.D.Some people mailed books from their own countries.67.In order to accomplish his goal, the writer did the following except ______.A.asking for help from all over the worldB.making full use of his leisure time after workC.reading until early next morningD.appealing to writers to send him new books68.What does the word "exotic" in the last paragraph most probably mean?A.Unrealistic.B. Uncivilized.C. Strange.D. Unimaginable.69.Which of the following best describe the writer’s experience in the year?A. Original but tiringB. Hard but relaxingC. Busy but fruitfulD. Helpful but challenging(B)Villa d'Este, Tivoli (Italy) - Official Site Useful InformationCall Center 199766166Number to dial from all of Italy for pre-sales and reservations for: tickets, guided tours, school groups,instructional visits.Bookings from abroad:email: villadestetivoli@fax: 00390412771847telephone: 00390412719036Visiting Hours:Opening 8.30 – closed one hour before sunset.The ticket office closes one hour before the closing of the monument.The hydraulic organ of the Organ Fountain is active daily, from 10.30 am, every two hours.The Fontana della Civetta functions daily, from 10.00 am, every two hours.Ticket Prices:(from May 17 to October 20, 2018)Full ticket (exhibition + villa and gardens, not divisible): € 11.Reduced ticket: € 7.These prices will be valid during the daytime openings of the Villa until the closure of the exhibition, due on the 20th of October, 2018(From the 22nd of October, 2018)Full ticket: € 8Reduced ticket: € 4These fares may vary in conjunction with exhibitions set inside the Villa.The right to purchase reduced price tickets belongs to all citizens of the European Union between the ages of 18 and 24 as well as permanent teachers of state schools (upon presentation of identity documents).School Visits:Reservations are required.The management of Villa d'Este, in the aim of preserving the monument and better distributing the flow of students,has limited the number of students allowed into the Villa to 100 students per hour.Should any school group arrive at the Villa without having made a reservation, it will be admitted to the Villa according to space availability at a particular time and asked to wait until such space becomes available. Right of Reservation cost: € 1,00.Notices:Certain areas of the villa may be closed for restoration: for information inquire at the ticket office.Please pay particular attention to the areas marked with signs indicating danger (in Italian: pericolo).70. How can a visiting Chinese professor of architecture in Rome make a booking?A. By dialing 199766166.B. By writing an email to villadestetivoli@.C. By calling 00390412719036.D. By sending a fax to 00390412771847.71. The receptionist at the ticket office may recommend you to see ______ first, if you arrive at 10.25 am.A. the exhibition inside the villaB. the Organ FountainC. the gardensD. the Fontana della Civetta72. Why are reservations essential for school visits?A. Reservations are more economical.B. Reservations enable as many students as possible to visit the monument.C. Reservations ensure a pleasant visit for students and a manageable one for the Villa.D. Reservation fees can help preserve the site.73. Which of following statements is NOT TRUE?A. Villa d'Este is closed at night.B. Ticket prices are usually higher than usual when there happens to be an exhibition.C. Tourists are not allowed to enter areas marked with signs “pericolo ”.D. Visitors can buy reduced tickets as long as they make a reservation.(C)Have you ever seen harmful robots refuse to die,no matter how fiercely people fight back? As is known,it is always the case in some of the scariest sciencefiction.Now, science fiction has changed into science fact.For the first time, researchers have created a roboticmachine that can stand a beating and keep on walking.Developed by scientists from Cornell University and theUniversity of Vermont, the new robot looks like a spiderwith four legs.Until now, even the most advanced robot was almost certain to break down when damaged. That ’s because its inside computer simply doesn ’t know how to operate the machine after its shape has changed.To get around this problem, the spidery robot ’s developers equipped their invention with eight motors and two sensors that read how the machine is tilting(倾斜). The motors and sensors all provide electrical signals to the machine ’s software.Using this information, the system follows a new procedure to figure out the machine ’s shape at any given moment. The program chooses from among 100,000 possible arrangements of parts.From there, the computer considers a wide variety of possible next steps, and it calculates how best to move the robot forward the longest possible distance, before trying to move again.“The new strategy is a major advance in robotics ”, Professor Skehan, a scientist in Cornell University says, “and it ’s far from scary ”. The technology may someday help researchers create better artificial arms and legs that give new freedom to people who lack them. The new knowledge might also help scientists understand how people and animals figure out their own sense of place in space.“Designing robots that can adapt to changing environments and can compensate(补偿) for damage has been a difficult problem,” says neuroscientist Olaf Sporns of Indiana University in Bloomington. “This work provides a new way toward solving this important problem.”74. What ’s the most important characteristic of the new robot?A. Its shape is like a spider with four legs.B. It can repair itself and move again after damaged.C. It is operated by its inside computer.D. It is certain to change the direction when damaged.75. it can be learnt from the passage that ________.A. animals have no sense of place in spaceB. people have difficulty in figuring out how to get to his destinationC. scientists don’t understand people’s ability of locationD. scientists want to know where people and animals are going76. We can infer from the view of Professor Skehan that ________.A. the new technology will help people have a better sense of spaceB. the new technology will help people grow new arms and legsC. designing robots can help to be adaptable to the changing of the environmentD. the new technology will have some medical benefits77. The purpose of the author to write this article is to ________.A. introduce a new robot that will not dieB. discuss science fiction and new inventionC. recommend the latest inventionD. explain the relationship between robot and medicineSection CDirections: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS.With 26 British prime ministers, 58 Nobel prize winners, over 150 Olympic medals and a "notable alumni" list that reads like a historical hall of fame, the institutions of Oxford and Cambridge – collectively known as Oxbridge – are seen, by many, as the dream alma mater(母校).However, as admission season dawns, and the October 15 deadline for Oxbridge inches ever closer, many students may wonder what makes the UK's top two institutions so special. Why does Oxbridge symbolize the academic dream for so many? Do the universities deserve the reputation they hold in the minds of so many teenagers, parents and academics?There is no doubt that both Oxford and Cambridge have a long standing history of academia. Yet, what is often overlooked is the strong reputation of countless other universities in the UK.A simple click on Google can tell students that the London School of Economics and Political Sciences, for example, has over 18 Nobel Prize winners and 50 world leaders. University College London attracts students from 150 countries and has exchange and research links with nearly 300 overseas universities. Manchester University has the largest student union of all UK universities and boasts alumni such as Niels Bohr and James Chadwick.I suddenly realized the Oxbridge effect when I was out in London with friends. I met some new people and was surprised by their reaction when I told them I was going to study at Cambridge. One person even got down on one knee and kissed my hand.From then on, I told people I was going on a gap year. Although I knew that Oxbridge provides a good education, I had never expected to get such extreme reactions. It was this that made me start to feel uncomfortable about the way that Oxbridge is viewed.The Cambridge Tab, the university's student newspaper, has argued that what makes Cambridge special is the fact that the students are told that they are unique and a cut above the rest, so they believe it. Ron Weasley never took the Felix Felicis potion that Harry Potter pretended to give him – all he had to do to win the Quidditch match was to believe he was great.For students applying now, yes, you will receive a world class education at Oxbridge, but you will find the same at numerous other universities throughout the country. Every time you hear about the brilliance of Oxbridge, consider that just because many believe, it does not have to be so.78. The examples of the London School of Economics and Political Sciences, University College London and Manchester University serve to illustrate the point that __________________________________in the UK.79. According to the passage, we can find that people ___________________ the students at the Oxbridge.80. How did the writer avoid over-reaction from people to her admission into Cambridge? ______________________________________________________________________81. What is the writer’s suggestion to students applying to universities?_______________________________________________________________________第II卷（共47分）I．TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the word given in the brackets.1.这个失败给了我们一个教训:今日事，今日毕。
2018年高考真题——英语(上海卷)Word版(含解析)
绝密★启用前2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（上海卷）英语试卷（满分140分，考试时间120分钟）考生注意：答题前,务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名,并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置上,在答题纸反而清楚地填写姓名。
I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections:In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.（）1. A. In a grocery B. In a cafe.C. At a tailor’s.D. At a toy shop（）2. A. He is pleased with his job.B. He is not satisfied with his work.C. He finds the huge workload unbearable.D. He finds his office much too big for him.（）3.A. He is most probably checking whether everything is OK.B. He is most probably jumping from the desk.C. He is most probably repairing the desk.D. He is most probably changing the bulb.（）4. A. £200. B. £300. C. £600. D.£700.（）5. A. It's difficult for the woman to get the job if she takes the interview.B. The woman can get the job if she takes the interview.C. The woman has less chance to get the job than others.D. The woman should work harder from now on if she wants to get the job.（）6. A. The man drinks too much wine.B. The man drinks little wine.C. The bed is too soft.D. The bed is too hard.（）7. A. He may change the shirt because it's too large.B. He may change the shirt because it's too small.C. He doesn't like the color of the shirt.D. He likes the shirt.（）8. A. To put him to another flight.B. To arrange the next flight.C. To take him to somewhere.D. To arrange his accommodation.（）9. A. The news on TV.B. Many people came to the new hotel.C. It is difficult for people to find a job.D. The man still has got a job.（）10. A. The woman thinks it easy to learn physics.B. The woman is good at physics.C. The man thinks Professor Smith explained the physics problem very clearly.D. The man can't understand the physics problem.Section BDirections:In Section B you will hear two short passages, and one longer conversation ,after each passage. The passages or conversation you will be asked several questions, the passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.（）11. A. Spain. B. France C. America D. England.（）12. A. Visitors shouldn't overlook it because it suffered a lot in history.B. Saint Augustine is the oldest city in the nation.C. Florida was ruled by Spanish until the United States took over it.D. Many visitors support the Florida’s coast recovery for its beauty.（）13. A. Florida's Atlantic coast.B. St. Augustine's history.C. Spanish control over Florida.D. Spanish history.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following talk.（）14. A. A lost property office in Europe.B. A lost property office in London.C. A lost property office in Tokyo.D. Paul Cowan's office.（）15. A. Lost items become the property of transport for London.B. Lost items are taken good care of by Cowan's team.C. Almost all of the lost items were returned to their owners.D. Twenty per cent of the lost items are claimed in three months’ time.（）16. A. Because they think their lost shoes are useless.B. Because they have already bought new shoes.C. Because they would like to get a new pair.D. Because they can't find their lost shoes.Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.（）17. A. She is most probably bargaining for a house.B. She is most probably visiting one of her friends.C. She is most probably looking for a house.D. She is most probably contacting her bank for a house.（）18. A. The kitchen attached bathroom.B. A wine storage area.C. The floor covering.D. The relaxing colors of the wall.（）19. A. The price is reasonable. B. The price is too high.C. The price is low.D. The offer is unfair.（）20. A. The woman will buy the house because the price is reasonable.B. The house is really good because the bathroom is attached to the bedroom.C. The inside of the house is better than the outside.D. The woman likes the house so much that she will buy it.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.A comprehensive study of 4, 500 children conducted by the National Institutes of Health in 2018 shows that children who spent more than seven hours a day staring at screens showed evidence of premature thinning of their brain's cortex-the outer layer that processes sensory information. “We don't know if it ___21___ (cause) by the screen time. We don't know yet if it's bad thing. It won't beuntil we follow them over time ___22___ we will see if there are outcomes that are associated with the differences that we're seeing in this single snapshot,” Dr. Gaya Dowling. “What we can say is that this is ___23___ the brains look like of kids who spend a lot of time on screens. And it's not just one pattern.”The problem isn't just screens ___24___, but also the way screens tempt kids (and adults) away from something far more important: physical activity. More than 23 percent of adults and 80 percent of adolescents don't get enough physical activity, and according to a 2019 report from the World Health Organization. (WHO), these patterns of activity and rest arise ___25___ habits we develop early in life, “What we really need to do is ___26___ (bring) back play for children,” says Dr. Juana Williamson, a WHO specialist in childhood obesity and physical activity, in a statement about new WHO guidelines issued in April 2019. This is about making the shift from sedentary time to playtime, while ___27___ (pr otect) sleep. Of course, children aren’t completely to blame for their screen addiction.Sometimes, the parents ___28___ complain about the role of screens in family life are just as guilty of spending too much time in front of one. A 2016 study ___29___ (conduct) by Common Sense Media found that parents spend up to nine hours a day in front of screens, mostly not for work-related reasons. While 78 percent of parents said they believed they were good screen time role models, the study found a disconnect between their behavior and their perception of their behavior. Parents need to limit screen time for themselves and especially for their kids- ___30___ it means playing the bad guy. Our mental and physical health depends on it.21. _________ 22. ________ 23. _______ 24. _________ 25. _________26. _________ 27. _________ 28. _________ 29. _________ 30. _________Section BDirections:Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used onlySome Very “American” Words Come from ChineseOn a recent program, we told you the stories of English words borrowed from other languages. Today, we will tell you about words that English has taken from Chinese.Many of the Chinese words that are now part of English were borrowed long ago. They are most often from Cantonese or other Chinese languages rather than Mandarin.Let’s start with kowtow.kowtowThe English word kowtow is a verb that means to agree too easily to do what someone else wants you to do, or to obey someone with power in a way that seems ___31___. It comes from the Cantonese word kau tau, which means “knock your head.” It refers to the act of kneeling and lowering one's head as a sign of respect to ___32___—such as emperors, elders and leaders. In the case of emperors, the act required the person to touch their head to the ground. In 1793, Britain's King George III sent Lord George Macartney and other trade ambassadors to China to ___33___ a trade agreement. The Chinese asked them to kowtow to the Qianlong Emperor. As the story goes, Lord Macartney refused for his ___34___ to do more than bend their knees. He said that was all they were required to do for their own king.It is not surprising, then, that Macartney left China without negotiating the trade agreement. After that, critics used the word kowtow when anyone was too submissive to China. Today, the usage has no connection to China, nor any specific political connection.gung-hoAnother borrowed word that came about through ___35___ between two nations is gung-ho. In English, the word gung-ho is an adjective that means extremely excited about doing something. The Chinese characters “gōng” and “hé” together mean “work together, cooperate.” The original term—gõngyèhézuòshè—means Chinese Industrial Cooperatives. The organizations were established in the 1930s by Westerners in China to promote industrial and economic development.Lt. Colonel Evans Carlson of the United States Marine3 Corps4 observed these cooperatives while he was in China. He was impressed, saying “.... all the soldiers ___36___ themselves to one idea and worked together to put that idea over.” He then began using the term gung-ho in the Marine Corps to try to create the same spirit he had ___37___. In 1942, he used the word as a training slogan for the 2nd Marine Raider Battalion during World War II. The men were often called the “Gung Ho Battalion.” From then, the word gung-ho spread as a slogan the Marine Corps. Today, its meaning has no relation to the military.typhoonIn English, a typhoon is a very powerful and ___38___ storm that occurs around the China Sea and in the South Pacific. The word history of typhoon had a far less direct path to the English language than gung-ho. And not all historical accounts are the same. But, according to the Merriam-Webster New Book of Word Histories, the first typhoons reported in the English language were in India and were called “touffons” or “tufans,” The word tufan or al-tufan is Arabic and means violent storm or flood. The English came across this word in India and borrowed it as touffon.Later, when English ships encountered violent storms in the China Sea, Englishmen learned the Cantonese word tai fung, which means “great wind.” The word's ___39___ to touffon is only by chance. The modern form of the word —typhoon —was influenced by the Cantonese but ___40___ to make it appear more Greek.31. _________ 32. ________ 33. _______ 34. _________ 35. _________36. _________ 37. _________ 38. _________ 39. _________ 40. _________III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections:For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context .When 17-year-old Quattro Musser hangs out with friends, they don't drink beer or cruise around in cars with their dates. ___41___, they stick to G-rated activities such as rock-climbing or talking about books.They are in good company, according to a new study showing that teenagers are increasingly delaying activities that had long been seen as rites of passage into ___42___.The study, published Tuesday in the journal Child Development, found that the percentage of adolescents in the U. S. who have a driver's license, who have tried alcohol, who date, and who work for pay has plummeted since 1976, with the most precipitous ___43___ in the past decade. The declines appeared across race, geographic, and socioeconomic lines, and in rural, urban, and suburban areas.To be sure, more than half of teens still engage in these activities, but the ___44___ have slimmed considerably, Between 1976 and 1979, 86 percent of high school seniors had gone on a date; between 2010 and 2015 only 63 percent People say, Oh, it's because teenagers are more responsible, or more lazy, or more boring, “but they're ___45___ the larger trend,” said Jean Twenge, lead author of the study, which drew on seven large time-lag surveys of Americans. Rather, she said, kids may be less ___46___ in activities such as dating, driving or getting jobs because in today' s society.According to an evolutionary psychology theory that a person's “life strategy” slows down or speeds up depending on his or her ___47___, exposure to a “harsh and unpredictable” environment leads to faster development, while a more resource-rich and secure environment has the ___48___ effect, the study said. In the first ___49___, “You'd have a lot of kids and be in survival mode, start having kids young, expect your kids will have kids young, and expect that there will be more ___50___ and fewer resources,” said Twenge, a psychology professor at San Diego State University who is the author of “iGen; Why Today’s Super-Connected Kids Are Growing Up Less Rebellious, More Tolerant, Less Happy —and Completely Unprepared for Adulthood.A century ago, when life expectancy was lower and college education less prevalent, “the goal back then was survival, not violin lessons by 5,” Twenge said. In that model a teenage boy might be thinking more ___51___ about marriage, and driving a car and working for pay would be important for “establishing mate value based on procurement of resources,” the study said.But America is shifting more toward the ___52___ model, and the change is apparent across thesocioeconomic spectrum, Twenge said. “Even in families whose parents didn't have a college education... families are smaller, and the idea that children need to be carefully ___53___ has really sunk in.” The ___54___ of “adult activities” could not be attributed to more homework or extracurricular activities, the study said, noting that teens today spend fewer hours on homework and the same amount of time on extracurricular as they did in the 1990s ( with the exception of community service, which has risen slightly). Nor could the use of smartphones and the Internet be entirely the ___55___, the report said, since the decline began before they were widely available. If the delay is to make room for creative exploration and forming better social and emotional connections, it is a good thing, he said.（）41. A. Therefore B. Rather C. Moreover D. Besides（）42. A. childhood B. neighborhoodC. adolescentsD. adulthood（）43. A. escapes B. ends C. decreases D. changes（）44. A. minorities B. majorities C. masses D. amounts（）45. A. taking B. avoiding C. sending D. missing（）46. A. interested B. envied C. relieved D. realized（）47. A. emotions B. surroundings C. customs D. habits（）48. A. wrong B. same C. opposite D. similar（）49. A. event B. issue C. case D. occasion（）50. A. trouble B. questions C. benefits D. diseases（）51. A. respectively B. delicatelyC. seriouslyD. considerably（）52. A. slower B. better C. smaller D. faster（）53. A. emphasized B. related C. organized D. educated（）54. A. implement B. postponementC. achievementD. payment（）55. A. cause B. impact C. fact D. resultSection BDirections:Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Bitcoin and other so called crypt currencies have been all over the news lately. Apparently, the idea of money that's not tied to a specific bank —or a specific country —is appealing to many. But it's worth remembering that the banking system that we now all live with is just that: A modern invention. Not so long ago, money was almost always created and used locally, and bartering was common. (In fact, it still is common among many online local networks, like the Buy Nothing Project.).In the past, money's makeup varied from place to place, depending on what was considered valuable there. So while some of the world's first coins were made from a naturally occurring hybrid of gold and silver called electrum, objects other than coins have served as currency, including beads, ivory, livestock, and cowrie shells. In West Africa, bracelets of bronze or copper were used as cash, especially if the transaction was associated with the slave trade there. Throughout the colonial period, tobacco was used in lieu of coins or paper bills in Virginia, Maryland and North Carolina, even though it was used elsewhere in the colonies and extensively throughout Europe and the U.K.Today, on an island in the Pacific, a specific type of shell still serves as currency —and some people there are even hoarding it, just like Bitcoin moguls, convinced that one day, it will make them wealthy beyond imagination. On Malaita, the most- popu lated island that’s part of the Solomon Islands, shells are accepted at most places in “How much tuna you can get for your shells depends on their color and shape,” Mary Bruno, a shop owner from the small town of Auki, on Malaita, told Vice. “One strip of darker shells might get you about two cans of smaller tuna, but the red ones are worth more,For the red ones, one strip might get enough tuna to feed a big family for a long time.Just like a mint that creates coins, there' s only one place on the island where the shells, which are polished and strung together to form 3-foot-long ropes, are made. (You can see how that works in the video above.) The strips of red, white, and black shells all come from Langa Langa Lagoon, where artificial islands were long-ago built by locals to escape from the island-dwelling cannibals. Once marooned out on their islands, locals needed a currency to use among themselves, and so the shell currency was born.Using shells for money was common throughout the Pacific islands as late as the early 1900s, but Malaita is unique in that they are still used today. And just like crypto currencies, there are those who think the islanders are smart to invest in this type of money, which is reported to have risen in value over the last three decades. It might seem strange to hoard a bunch of processed, strung-together shells, but what is a pile of dollars? Just a specially printed piece of paper and hemp that we've assigned value to —and probably less durable over time than those shells.（）56. According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE?A. Money was created and was widely used in the world.B. Tobacco was used as coins or paper bills in American in the past.C. The ingredients of world's first coins may be the combination of gold and silver.D. Using shells for money has been out of date in the world.（）57. The word “mint” in paragraph 4 is closest in the meaning to“_______________”.A. a kind of money that can exchangeB. the leaves of a mint plant used fresh or candiedC. a place to produce and polish shellsD. a factory that produces currency（）58. What's opinion of the author towards shells for money?A. Reasonable.B. Imaginary.C. Convenient.D. Inventive.（）59. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?A. The History of BitcoinB. Shells Still MoneyC. The Currency Is of Great UseD. Some Shells(B)How Do You Move a Giant Sequoia?The logistics of excavating（挖掘）and relocati ng town’s century-old, living sequoia(红杉) tree. Inhabitants of Boise, Idaho, watched with trepidation earlier this year as the city's oldest, tallest resident moved two blocks. The 105-year-old sequoia tree serves as a local landmark, not only for its longevity but also because renowned naturalist and Sierra Club cofounder John Muir provided the original seedling. So, when Saint Luke's Health System found that the 10-story-tall-conifer( 针叶树) stood in the way of its planned hospital called tree-moving firm Environmental Design.The Texas-based company has developed and patented scooping and lifting technology to move massive trees. Weighing in at more than 800, 000 pounds, the Boise sequoia is its largest undertaking yet. “I [had] lost enough sleep over this,” says David Cox, the company's Western region vice president —and that was before the hospital mentioned the tree's distinguished origin. Before the heavy lifting began, the team assessed the root system and dug a five-foot-deep cylinder , measuring 40 feet in diameter, around the trunk to protect all essential roots. After encapsulating the root ball in wire mesh, the movers allowed the tree to acclimate to its new situation for seven months before relocating it. The illustration details what followed. —Leslie Nemo1. Mark A. Merit and his team at Environmental Design installed underneath the root ball a platform of seven-inch-diameter,44-foot-long steelbars and, just below the rods, a first set of uninflated airbags ( shown in gray).The team also dug a shallow ramp.2. In roughly 15 minutes, the movers inflated the airbags to about three feet in diameter to raise the root ball to the surface of the hole.3. By underinflating the front bags, the team allowed the platform carrying the tree to roll up theramp and out of the hole while staying level, A trailer hauled the tree along as team members removed the airbags from the back of the platform and replaced them in the front. They repeated the process until the tree arrived at the edge of its new home.4. There a second set of partially inflated bags (shown in white) waited inside the hole. Soil surrounding the sequoia in its original location was relocated as well, because trees are more likely to survive a transplant when they move with their original soil.5. Using the first set of airbags, the movers rolled the platform into the new hole.6. The bags waiting there were then inflated further to take the weight of the sequoia while the transportation bags were deflated and removed from under the tree.7. The white bags were then deflated in about half an hour to lower the sequoia's root ball to the bottom of its hole, The bags were removed, but the metal bars were left with the tree because they rust and degrade over a number of years.8. For the next five years the local park service will monitor and maintain the tree in its new home.（）60. Which of the following words can be used to replace the words underlined "stood in the way of"?A. ResistedB. BalancedC. Blocked.D. Promoted.（）61. What is the reason for the relocation of Sequoia trees?A. Because the Scooping and lifting technology should be put into use.B. Because it blocks local hospital expansion plans.C. Because it corresponds to government's plan of Environmental Design.D. Because sequoia trees are over a hundred years old.（）62. How will the migrated sequoia trees be dealt with?A. They will be given new soil in the new living environment.B. Metal rods used to move sequoia trees will not be left on the trees.C. They will be kept in transport bags all the time.D. They will be managed by specialists in the next five years.(C)Understand the Economic Concept of a Budget LineThe term “budget line” has several related meanings, including a couple th at are self- evident and a third that is not.The budget line as an Informal Consumer UnderstandingThe budget line is an elementary concept that most consumers understand intuitively without a need for graphs and equations —it's the household budget, for example.Taken informally, the budget line describes the boundary of affordability for a given budget and specific goods.Given a limited amount of money, a consumer can only spend that same amount buying goods. If the consumer has X amount of money and wants to buy two goods A and B, she can only purchase goods totaling X. If the consumer needs an amount of A costing 0.75, she can then spend only 0.25 X, the amount remaining, on her purchase of B.This seems almost too obvious to bother writing or reading about. As it turns out, however, this same concept-one that most consumers make many times each day with reflecting on it-is the basis of the more formal budget line concept in economics , which is explained below.Lines in a BudgetBefore turning to the economics definition of budget line, consider another concept: the line-item budget. This is effectively a map of future expenditures, with all the constituent expenditures individually noted and quantified. There' s nothing very complicated about this usage, a budget line is one of the lines in the budget, with the service or good to be purchased named and the cost quantified,The Budget Line as an Economics ConceptOne of the interesting ways the study of economics relates to human behavior generally is that a lot of economic theory is the formalization of the kind of simple concept outlined above —a consumer's informal understanding of the amount she has to spend and what that amount will buy.In the process of formalization, the concept can be expressed as a mathematical equation that can be applied generally.A Simple Budget Line GraphTo understand this, think of a graph where the vertical lines quantify how many movie tickets. you can buy and where the horizontal lines do the same for crime novels. You like going to the movies and reading crime novels and you have $ 150 to spend, In the example below, assume that each movie costs $10 and each crime novel costs $15. The more formal economics term for these two items is budget set.If movies cost $ 10 each, then the maximum number of movies you can see with the money available is 15. To note this you make a dot at the number 15 (for total movie tickets) at the extreme left-hand side of the chart. This same dot appears a t the extreme left above “0” on the horizontal axis because you have no money left for books —the number of books available in this example is 0. You can also graph the other extreme —all crime novels and no movies. Since crime novels in the example cost $15 and you have $150 available, if you spend all the available money crime novels, you can buy 10. So you put a dot on the horizontal axis at the number 10.You'll place the dot at the bottom of the vertical axis because in this instance you have $0 available for movie tickets.If you now draw a line from the highest, leftmost dot to the lowest, rightmost dot you'll have created a budget line. Any combination of movies and crime novels that falls below the budget line is affordable. Any combination above it is not.（）63. Which sentence about the budget line is NOT TRUE?A. It is limitation of affordability for a given budget and specific goods.B. Most costumers will be confused with this concept because of its complex.C. It is the effectively a map of future expenditures.D. It can be expressed as a mathematical. equation.（）64. What is the purpose of the passage?A. To tell us any concept can be expressed as a mathematical equation.B. To help us figure out the meaning Budget Line.C. To tell us we should budget before we buy goods.D. To give an instruction of drawing a budget Line.（）65. Assume that each movie costs 10 and each crime novel costs, $15, you have $150.Which is RIGHT according to this passage?A. The maximum number of movies you can see is 10.B. The maximum number of crime novels you can buy is 15.C. You can buy 7 crime novels and, see 5 movies.D. You can buy 7 crime novels and see 4 movies.（）66. What is the best title of this passage?A.Do we really know the economic concept of a budget line?B.The Budget Line as an Economics Concept.C.The Budget Line as an Informal Consumer UnderstandingD.The Complex Concept- Budget LineSection CDirections:Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box.Parents are often surprised when teachers suggest their children read magazines. Read on to learn about the benefits that reading magazines offers to young readers and how to introduce your children to the medium.Magazine BenefitsMagazine articles can provide reluctant readers with a lively, breezy writing style that can inspire them to read more.The articles in magazines are generally short, which allows a child to finish reading a feature article without losing interest due to short attention span. The writing in magazines also tends to be easy to read, especially if it is a children's publication.By allowing your child to read magazines at an early age, you are encouraging development of a useful skill. ___67___ Getting into the habit of reading periodicals as a child will foster the habit of reading news articles that may continue into adulthood.___68___ Magazine articles challenge students to think about issues they may have never considered or cause them to rethink their world view. Information is available in a wide variety of reading levels because magazines are written for every audience imaginable. Many publications cover the same material in different writing styles that might make it easier for your child to comprehend.Magazine ActivitiesReading magazines as a family can be used to introduce each other to the various interests that each family member possesses. When your children are finished with their magazines encourage them to pass their issue on to a sibling or other family member.Once each family member has finished reading each magazine, you can use them for art and writing projects. These projects are for family members of all ages:1. Cut out pictures to help your preschool and kindergarten children learn their alphabet, numbers, and colors.2. ___69___ Paste the picture at the top of a page and have them write a story about what is。
2018年高考全国III卷英语押题卷含解析
2018全国卷III高考押题卷英语第Ⅰ卷第一部分听力（共两节，满分30 分）做题时，先将答案标在试卷上，录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话，每段对话后有一个小题。
从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。
听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。
每段对话仅读一遍。
1. What is the man going to do first?A. Write his paper.B. Visit Professor Green.C. Go to the cinema with the woman.2. Where do most of the woman’s earnings come from now?A. Her recordings.B. Her advertising work.C. Her concert performance.3. What time is it now?A. 7:00 pm.B.7:30 pm.C. 8:00pm.4. Which postcard will the speakers send?A. Garden.B. Castle.C. Beach.5. Where are the speakers?A. At a hotel.B. At a restaurant.C. At a store.第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。
每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。
听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。
每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6. What is the probable relationship between the speakers?A. Husband and wife.B. Tourist and travel agent.C. Customer and house agent.7. What are the speakers discussing?A. Where to travel.B. Whether to buy a house.C. How to use their money.听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。
2018上海高考试题及答案-英语.doc
2018上海⾼考试题及答案-英语.doc2018年普通⾼等学校招⽣全国统⼀考试（上海卷）英语试卷考⽣注意：1.考试时间120分钟, 试卷满分150分。
2.本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。
试卷分为第I卷（第1－12页）和第II卷（第13页），全卷共13页。
所有答题必须涂（选择题）或写（⾮选择题）在答题纸上，做在试卷上⼀律不得分。
答题前,务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名,并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置上,在答题纸反⽽清楚地填写姓名。
第I卷(共103分)I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. It is satisfactory. B. It is luxurious.C. It is old-fashioned.D. It is disappointing.2. A. On August 5th. B. On August 6th. C. On August 7th. D. On August 8th.3. A. A waiter. B. A butcher. C. A porter. D. A farmer.4. A. In a theatre. B. In a library. C. In a booking office. D. In a furniture store.5. A. She expected to a better show. B. She could hardly find her seat.C. She wasn’t interested in the show.D. She didn’t get a favourable seat.6. A. The woman often eats out for breakfast. B. The cafeteria serves good breakfast.C. The wo man doesn’t have breakfast.D. The cafeteria doesn’t serve breakfast.7. A. Selling cucumbers. B. Planting vegetables. C. Cooking a meal. D. Picking tomatoes.8. A. The man should work hard. B. The man should turn down the job offer.C. The man may have another chance.D. The man can apply for the job again.9. A. It is a hot and smoggy day. B. There is a traffic jam on King Street.C. A vehicle is polluting the air.D. The man is reading a report online.10. A. Its ending is not good enough. B. Its special effects are not satisfying.C. It deserves an award.D. It is good except for the scary part.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.12. A. Pay the bills first.B. Spend 2% of the salary on living expenses.C. Deposit $1000 every month.D. Put part of the money in a savings account.13. A. Methods of saving money.B. Saving money for family emergencies.C. The importance of saving money.D. Secrets of spending money wisely.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. Free education.B. A sum of money.C. Donations from a local newspaper.D. Gifts from many people.15. A. Let students in before school.B. Offer ice cream and coffee.C. Introduce a bank into the campus.D. Reduce the traffic jams around.16. A. It lacks positive news.B. It should grow into a big city.C. It is a place worth living in.D. It remains peaceful and quiet.Section CDirections: In section C, you will hear two longer conversations. The conversations will be read twice. After you hear each conversation, you are required to fill in the numbered blanks with the information you have heard. Write your answers on your answer sheet.Blanks 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.Complete the form. Write ONE WORD for each answer.Blank 21 through 24 are based on the following conversation.Complete the form. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form. of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.(A)Bags of LoveLast year, I was assigned to work at an office near my mother’s house, so I stayed with her for a month. During that time, I helped out with the housework and contributed to the groceries.After less than a week, I started noticing that the groceries were running out pretty quickly —we were always suddenly out of something. (25)_______(wonder) how my mum could consume them so quickly, I began observing her daily routine for two weeks. To my surprise, I found that she would pack a paper bag full of canned goods and head out every morning at about nine. Eventually, I decided to follow her and (26)_______ happened truly amazed me. She was taking the food to the refugee camp, in (27)______ she distributed it to children.I asked around and found out that my mum was very well known in the area. The kids were very friendly with her and even looked up to her as if she were their own mother. Then it hit me —shy would she mot want to tell me about what she(28)_____(do)? Was she worried about how I would react or that I would stop (29)_____(buy) the groceries if I found out?When she got home, I told her about my discovery. (30)_____ she could react, I gave her a big hug and told her she didn’t need to keep it a secret (31)______ me. She told me that some of the children lived with an older lady in a shelter while others slept on the streets. For years, my mum has been helping out by giving them whatever food she could spare. I was so impressed by(32)_____ selfless she was.(B)Stress: Good or Bad?Stress used to be an almost unknown word, but now that we are used to talking about it, I have found that people are beginning to get stressed about being stressed.In recent years, stress(33)______(regard) as a cause of a whole range of medical problems, from high blood pressure to mental illness. But like so many other things, it is only too muchstress(34)______ does you harm. It is time you considered that if there were no stress in your life, you would achieve a little. If you are stuck at home with no stress, then your level of performance will be low. Up to a certain point, the more stress you are under, the (35)_____(good) your performance will be. Beyond a certain point, though , further stress will only lead to exhaustion, illness and finally a breakdown. You can tell when you are over the top and on the downward slope, by asking yourself (36)_______ number of questions. Do you, for instance, feel that too much is being expected of (37)______, and yet find it impossible to say no? Do you find yourself getting impatient of (38) _____(annoy) with people over unimportant things?... If the answer to all those questions is yes, you had better(39)______(control ) your stress, as you probably are under more stress than is good for you.To some extent you can control the amount of stress in your life. Doctors have worked out a chart showing how much stress is involved in various events. Getting married is 50, pregnancy 40, moving house 20, Christmas 12,etc. If the total stress in your life is over 150, you are twice as likely (40)_______ (get )ill.Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Golden Rules of Good DesignWhat makes good design? Over the years, designers and artists have been trying to 41 the essentials of good design. They have found that some sayings can help people understand the ideas of good design. There are four as follows.Less is more. This saying is associated with the German-born architect Mies van der Rohe. In his Modernist view, beauty lies in simplicity and elegance, and the aim of the designer is to create solutions to problems through the most efficient means. Design should avoid unnecessary 42 More is not a bore. The American-born architect Robert Venturi concluded that if simplicity is done badly, the result is 43 design. Post-Modernist designers began to 44 with decoration and color again. Product design was heavily influenced by this view and can be seen in kitchen 45 such as ovens and kettles.Fitness for purpose. Successful product design takes into consideration a product’s function, purpose, shape, form, color, and so on. The most important result for the user is that the product does what is 46 . For example, think of a(n) 47 desk lamp. It needs to be constructed from materials that will stand the heat of the lamp and regular adjustments by the user. It also needs to be stable. Most importantly, it needs to 48 light where it is needed.From follows emotion. This phrase is associated with the German designer Hartmut Esslinger. He believes design must take into 49 the sensory side of our nature—sight, smell, touch and taste. These are as important as rational(理性的). When choosing everyday products such as toothpaste, we appreciate a cool-looking device that allows us to easily 50 the toothpaste onto our brush.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.In the 1960s, Douglas McGregor, one of the key thinkers in the art of management, developed the mow famous Theory X and Theory Y. Theory X is the idea that people instinctively 51 work and will do anything to avoid it. Theory Y is the view that everyone has the potential to find satisfaction in work.In any case, despite so much evidence to the 52 , many managers still agree to Theory X. They believe, 53 , that their employees need constant supervision if they are to work effectively, or that decisions must be imposed from 54 without consultation. This, of course, makes for authoritarian (专制的) managers.Different cultures have different ways of 55 people. Unlike authoritarian management, some cultures, particularly in Asia, are well known for the consultative nature of decision-making—all members of the department or work group are asked to 56 to this process. This is management by the collective opinion. Many western companies have tried to imitate such Asian ways of doing things, which are based on general 57 . Some experts say that women will become more effective managers than men because they have the power to reach common goals in a way that traditional 58 managers cannot.A recent trend has been to encourage employees to use their own initiative, to make decisions on their own without 59 managers first. This empowerment (授权) has been part of the trend towards downsizing: 60 the number of management layers in companies. After de-layering in this way, a company may be 61 with just a top level of senior managers, front-line managers and employees with direct contact with the public. Empowerment takes the idea of delegation (委托) much further than has 62 been the case. Empowerment and delegation mean new forms of management control to 63 that the overall business plan is being followed, and that operations become more profitable under the new organization, rather than less. Another trend is off-site or 64 management, where teams of people linked by e-mail and the Internet work on projects from their own houses. Project managers evaluate the 65of the team members in terms of what they produce for projects, rather than the amount of time they spend on them.51. A. desire B. seek C. lose D. dislike52. A. contrary B. expectation C. degree D. extreme53. A. vice versa B. for example C. however D. otherwise54. A. outside B. inside C. below D. above55. A. replacing B. assessing C. managing D. encouraging56. A. refer B. contribute C. object D. apply57. A. agreement B. practice C. election D. impression58. A. bossy B. experienced C. western D. male59. A. asking B. training C. warning D. firing60. A. doubling B. maintaining C. reducing D. estimating61. A. honoured B. left C. crowded D. compared62. A. economically B. traditionally C. inadequately D. occasionally63. A. deny B. admit C. assume D. ensure64. A. virtual B. ineffective C. day-to-day D. on-the-scene65. A. opinion B. risk C. performance D. attractiveness Section BDirection：Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished sattments. For each of them there are four choices markedA, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)One early morning, I went into the living room to find my mother reading a thick book called Best Loved Poems to Read Again and Again. My interest was aroused only by the fact that the word “Poems” appeared in big, hot pink letters.“Is it good?” I asked her.“Yeah,” she answered. “There’s one I really like and you’ll like it, too.” I leaned forward.“‘Patty Poem,’” she read the title. Who is Patty? I wondered. The poem began:She never puts her toys away,Just leaves them scattered①where they lay,…①散乱的The poem was just three short sections. The final one came quickly:When she grows and gathers poise②, ②稳重I’ll miss her harum-scarum③noise, ③莽撞的And look in vain④for scattered toys. ④徒劳地And I’ll be sad.A terrible sorrow washed over me. Whoever Patty was, she was a mean girl. Then, the shock. “It’s you, honey,” My mother said sadly.To my mother, the poem revealed a parent’s affection when her child grows up and leaves. To me, the “she” in the poem was horror. It was my mama who would be sad. It was so terrible I burst out crying.“What’s wrong?” my mother asked.“Oh Mama,” I cried. “I don’t want to grow up ever!”She smiled. “Honey, it’s okay. You’re not growing up anytime soon. And when you do, I’ll still love you, okay?”“Okay,” I was still weeping. My panic has gone. But I could not help thinking about that silly poem. After what seemed like a safe amount of time, I read the poem again and was confused. It all fit so well together, like a puzzle. The language was simple, so simple I could plainly understand its meaning, yet it was still beautiful. I was now fascinated by the idea of poetry, words that had the power to make or break a person’s world.I have since fallen in love with other poems, but “Patty Poem”remains my poem. After all, “Patty Poem” gave me my love for poetry not because it was the poem that lifted my spirits, but because it was the one that hurt me the most.66. Why was the writer attracted by the book Best Loved Poems to Read Again and Again?A. It was a thick enough book.B. Something on its cover caught her eye.C. Her mother was reading it with interest.D. It has a meaningful title.67. After her mother read the poem to her, the writer felt ______ at first.A. sadB. excitedC. horrifiedD. confused68. The writer’s mother liked to read “Patty Poem” probably because______.A. it reflected her own childhoodB. it was written in simple languageC. it was composed by a famous poetD. it gave her a hint of what would happen69. It can be concluded from the passage that“Patty Poem”leads the writer to _______.A. discover the power of poetryB. recognize her love for puzzlesC. find her eagerness to grow upD. experience great homesickness（B）Is there link between humans and climate change or not? This question was first studied in the early 1900s. Since then, many scientists have thought that our actions do make a difference. In 1997, the Kyoto Protoco l explained our role in the Earth’s changing atmosphere and set international limits for gas emissions(排放) from 2018 to 2012. Some countries have decided to continue these reductions until 2020. More recently, the Paris Agreement, stuck by nearly 200 countries, also aims to limit global warming. But just now how much warmer it will get depends on how deeply countries cut carbon emissions.3.5℃This is how much temperatures would rise by 2100 even if nations live up tothe initial Paris promises to reduce carbon emissions; this rise could still putcoastal cities under water and drive over half of all species to extinction.2℃To meet this minimum goal, the Agreement requires countries to tightenemissions targets every five years. Even this increase could sink some islands,worse drought(⼲旱) and drive a decline of up to a third in the number ofspecies.1.5℃This is the most ambitious goal for temperature rise set by the ParisAgreement, after a push by low-lying island nations like Kiribati, which saylimiting temperature rise to 1.5℃could save them from sinking.0.8℃This is how much temperatures have risen since the industrial age began,putting us 40% of the way to the 2℃point.0℃The baseline here is average global temperature before the start of theindustrial age.70. It can be concluded from paragraph 1 that _______.A. the problem of global warming will have been quite solved by 2020B. gas emissions have been effectively reduced in developed countriesC. the Paris Agreements is more influential than the Kyoto ProtocolD. humans have made continuous efforts to slow down global warming71. If nations could only keep the initial promises of the Paris Agreement, what would happen by the year 2100?A. The human population would increase by one third.B. Little over 50% of all species would still exist.C. Nations would not need to tighten their emissions targets.D. The Agreement’s minimum goal would not be reached.72. If those island nations not far above sea level are to survive, the maximum temperature rise, since the start of the industrial age, should be_______.A. 0.8℃B. 1.5℃C. 2℃D. 3.5℃(C)Enough “meaningless drivel”. That’s the message from a group of members of the UK government who have been examining how social media firms like LinkedIn gather and use social media data.The House of Commons Science and Technology Committee’s report, released last week, has blamed firms for making people sign up to long incomprehensible legal contracts and calls for an international standard or kitemark(认证标记) to identify sites that have clear terms and conditions.“The term and conditions statement that we all carelessly agree to is meaningless drivel to anyone,” says Andrew Miller, the chair of the committee. Instead, he says, firms should provide a plain-English version of their terms. The simplified version would be checked by a third party and awarded a kitemark if it is an accurate reflection of the original.It is not yet clear who would administer the scheme, but the UK government is looking at introducing it on a voluntary basis.“we need to think through how we make that work in practice,” says Miller.Would we pay any more attention to a kitemark? “I think if you went and did the survey, people would like to think they would,” says Nigel Shadbolt at the University of Southampton, UK, who studies open data. “We do know people worry a lot about the ina ppropriate use of their information.” But what would happen in practice is another matter, he says.Other organisations such as banks ask customers to sign long contracts they may not read or understand, but Miller believes social media requires special attention because it is so new. “We still don’t know how significant the long-term impact is going to be of unwise things that kids put on social media that come back and bite them in 20 years’ time,” he says. Shadbolt, who gave evidence to the committee, says the problem is that we don’t know how co mpanies will use our data because their business models and uses of data are still evolving. Large collections of personal information have become valuable only recently, he says.The shock and anger when a social media firm does something with data that people don’t expect, even if users haveapparently permission, show that the current situation isn’t working. If properly administered, a kitemark on terms and conditions could help people know what exactly they are signing up to. Although they would still have to actually read them.73. What does the phrase “ meaningless drivel” in paragraphs 1 and 3 refer to?A. Legal contracts that social media firms make people sign up to.B. Warnings from the UK government against unsafe websites.C. Guidelines on how to use social media websites properly.D. Insignificant data collected by social media firms.74. It can be inferred from the passage that Nigel Shadbolt doubts whether _______.A. social media firms would conduct a survey on the kitemark schemeB. people would pay as much attention to a kitemark as they thinkC. a kitemark scheme would be workable on a nationwide scaleD. the kitemark would help companies develop their business models75. Andrew Miller thinks social media needs more attention than banks mainly because _______.A. their users consist largely of kids under 20 years oldB. the language in their contracts is usually harder to understandC. the information they collected could become more valuable in futureD. it remains unknown how users’ data will be taken advantage of76. The writer advises users of social media to _______.A. think carefully before posting anything onto such websitesB. read the terms and conditions even if there is a kitemarkC. take no further action if they can find a kitemarkD. avoid providing too much personal information77. Which of the following is the best title of the passage?A. Say no to social media?B. New security rules in operation?C. Accept without reading?D. Administration matters!Section CDirections: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words. Walking will be banned on escalators as part of a trail designed ti reduce congestion(拥堵) at some of the country’s busiest stations.In the first move of its kind, all travelers will be forced to stand on both sides of escalators on the London Underground as part of a plan to increase capacity(容量) at the height of the rush hour.A xix-month trial will be introduced at Holborn station from mid-April, eliminating the rule of standing on the right and walking on the left. The move, imitating a similar structure in Fareastern cities such as Hong Kong, is designed to increase the number of people using long escalators at the busiest times . it could be expanded across the Tube network in coming years.According to London Underground, only 40 percent of travelers walk the full length of long escalators, leaving the majority at the bottom as they wait to get on to the “standing “side.A three-week trial at Holborn last year found that the number of people using escalators at any time of could be raised by almost a third. Peter McNaught, operations director at London Underground, said: “It may not seem right that you can go quicker by standing still, but our experiments at Holborn have proved that it can be true. This new six-month trial will help us find out if we can influence customers to stand on both sides in the long term.”Holborn has one of the longest sets of escalators on the Underground network at 23.4 high. Tube bosses claim that capacity was limited because so few people wanted to walk up—meaning only one side was used at all times. Research has shown that it is more effective use of escalators over 18.5 to ban walking.The previous trial found that escalators at the station normally carried 2,500 people between 8:30am and 9:30am on a typical day, rising to 3,250 during the researching period.In the new trial, which will be launched from April 18, one of three “up”escalators will be standing only, with a second banning walking at peak times. A third will remain a mix of walking and standing.(Note: Answering the questions the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS.)78. What is the existing problem with standing on the right and walking on the left?79. What did last year’s three-week trial at Holborn station prove?80.The research suggests that walking should be forbidden on escalators that are at least _________ in height.81. In the new trail, in addition to one escalator banning walking in rush hours, the other “up” escalators will be usedfor_________________.第II卷(共47分)I.TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1.我真希望⾃⼰的⽂章有朝⼀⽇能见报。
2018全国卷Ⅱ高考压轴卷英语含解析
绝密★启封前S5U2018全国卷II高考压轴卷英语第Ⅰ卷第一部分听力（共两节，满分 30 分）做题时，先将答案标在试卷上，录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节（共5小题；每小题 1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话，每段对话后有一个小题。
从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。
听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。
每段对话仅读一遍。
例：How much is the shirt?A．￡ 19.15.B．￡9.18.C．￡9.15.答案是C。
1. What will the man do during the vacation?A. Wor in a clothes storeB. Travel around with SamC. Go to the countryside2. what's the probable relationship between the speaers?A. Husband and wifeB. Customer and waitressC. Wormates3. How does the woman sound?A. Ecited.B. Confused.C. Annoyed.4. What does the woman thin Tom needs?A. Punishment.B. Suggestions.C. Encouragement.5. Where does the woman find her mobile phone?A. On the tableB. On the chairC. In her bag.第二节听下面5段对话或独白。
每段对话或独白后有几个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项,并标在试卷的相应位置。
听每段对话或独白前,你将有时间阅读各个小题,每小题5秒钟;听完后,各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。
最新-2018年高考英语终极压轴(全国II卷) 精品
2018 年高考终极压轴全国 II 卷（英语）第一部分听力第一节听下面 5 段对话。
每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的 A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷相应位置。
听完每段对话后，你都有 10 秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。
每段对话仅读一遍。
1. What gift will the woman probably get for Mary？A. A school bag.B. A record.C. A theater ticket.2. What will the woman tell the man？A. Her company’s name.B. Her new address.C. Her phone number3. When can the woman get the computer？A. On Tuesday.B. On Wednesday.C. On Thursday.4. Where is Mary going？A. HomeB. To the parkC. To the bus stop5. Where are the man and the woman probablytalking？C. Outside a sports center.A. Inside a bookstore.B. Outside an artmuseum.第二节听下面 6 段对话或独白。
每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的 A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。
听每段对话前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出 5 秒钟的作答时间。
每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第 6 段材料，回答第 6、7题。
6. What sports does the man like to play after work？A. Table tennis, running and golf.B. Tennis, jogging and golf.C. Tennis, running and golf.7. How often does the man play golf？B. About once thirty days.C. About once a year.听第 7A. About once seven days.段材料，回答第 8、9题。
2018届高三高考压轴卷(全国卷Ⅲ)英语试卷
2018届高三高考压轴卷（全国卷Ⅲ）英语试卷一、阅读理解详细信息1.难度：困难Football is a popular sport. More than a million kids play on high school teams, but football can be a hazard. The National Football League(NFL) has acknowledged that almost 30 percent of its players will eventually suffer from brain-related diseases. That’s a lot.A recent study involving 40 former NFL players showed that those who started playing football before age 12 did worse on thinking tests than players who started after age 12. By the way, all the tested players scored below average for their age and education. Concerns about the effects of constant hits to the head have caused some medical experts on brain injuries, such as Robert Cantu of Boston University, to recommend that kids not play football before age 14.I don’t think football is all bad. It helps kids learn teamwork, discipline and how to get into better physical condition. But now that we know that the sport might be d angerous, it’s time to make some changes in the youth and high school football.First, seasons should be shorter. The high school regular season should not be more than nine games. Second, kids should not play tackle(擒抱) football too soon. As Cantu points out, “By age fourteen, our necks are strong and our overall body strength is sufficient to keep the head steady when we slam at the line of scrimmage(争球).” Personally speaking, I don’t think kids should sit on the couch until they are 14. But they can play flag football and other gentler sports. If you think age 14 is too late to become a good football player, remember that four-time Super Bowl winner Tom Brady started playing football at that age.1.What does the underline word “hazard” mean?A. difficulty.B. danger.C. punishment.D. pain.2.Why did the former NFL players perform badly in tests?A. Their heads were hit frequently.B. They had some mental disorders.C. They didn’t take the tests seriously.D. They received little school education.3.What does the author advise for kids under 14?A. They watch football games.B. They play safer games.C. Football be forbidden for them.D. They play 10 games a season.4.What is the purpose of the text?A. To entertain.B. To advertise.C. To instruct.D. To warn.详细信息2.难度：中等Many of us mistakenly believe that it’s wrong to think we have any good qualities. We may spend a lot of time blaming ourselves for our negative qualities, thinking that self criticism is the key to improving our performance. However, a constant focus on our supposed shortcomings can stop our efforts to make friends with other people. How can we believe that others could like us if we believe our inner being is flawed (有缺陷)?If someone seems to dislike you, the reason for that dislike might have little or nothing to do with you. The person who doesn’t like you might be fearful, or shallow, or busy or shy. Perhaps you and that person are simply a mismatch for each other at this particular time.Don’t take yourself out of the game by deciding that your flaws are bigger than your good qualities. In fact, some of the very qualities you consider to be flaws may be irresistible to someone else. For all the factors that might cause one person to reject you, there are at least as many factors that will work in your favor with someone else.You might be thirty pounds over your ideal weight, but you may have a wonderful laugh and a real enthusiasm for li fe. There are many people who don’t mind your extra pounds. You may drive a shabby car, but you might be a great dancer and a loyal friend. There are people out there looking for loyalty, or fun, or sweetness, or wisdom, and the package it comes in is not important. If you are worried that you are not beautiful enough to attract friends, keep in mind that not everyone is looking for physical beauty in their friends. You can decide to feel inferior (自卑) because you don’t have much money and you don’t drive a nice car. You can believe that this is the reason that you don’t have many friends in your life. On the other hand, if you are very wealthy you may be suspicious that everyone is after your money and that nobody really likes you as a person.The point is that you can focus on just about anything and believe it’s the reason you do not have friends and cannot make any.1.According to the author plays an important role in making friends.A. admitting your shortcomingsB. self criticismC. modestyD. confidence2.If you are not liked by a person, .A. you should find the reason in yourselfB. you’d better talk with the person face to faceC. you may not be the one to be blamedD. you and that person misunderstand each other3.We can learn from the third paragraph that .A. your good qualities may turn out to be your flawsB. your weakness may also be your strengths in some wayC. your negative qualities cause a person to reject youD. you’ll have few friends if your flaws are bigger than your good qualities4.Which of the following is true according to the author?A. It is important to lose weight.B. It is easier for a wealthy person to make friends.C. Inner qualities are more important than physical appearance.D. If you are not beautiful enough, try to improve your physical beauty.二、七选五详细信息3.难度：中等Sometimes we can get so caught up in the stress and it often appears hard for us to get rid of it.1..Think of a place that makes you peacefulThe place you choose should put you into a complete state of peace. 2.. Some ever sit on the beach watching the waves come in; some lie in bed late at night listening to good music; some lie on their back on a cool day w atching clouds float by…3..Set aside at least five minutes for quiet “cleaning” time. If necessary, set an alarm or ask a friend to tap you on the shoulder at a designated time.Cover your eyes and go to your “place”If you are at school preparing for a test before class, you may simply rest your elbows(肘)on the desk and put your hands over your eyes. However, for some people , it may not be a good idea.4. . For example, if you are thinking of a Christmas tree, imagine the smell of the tree and the look of the layered shadows on the walls.Refresh your brain and body.Remember, this is not nap time.5.After five or ten minutes of clearing time, take a brisk(快的)walk or take a drink of water to re-energize your mind and body. Stay relaxed and resist the urge to think about the things that are stressing you out.A. Set aside some time for relaxationB. The key point here is to refresh your brainC. If so, try the following relaxation techniquesD. This place will be different for different peopleE. Make your brain get ready for the upcoming changesF. Don’t let your brain be trapped in a stressful state again.G. You should use all senses to make the experience as real as possible三、完形填空详细信息4.难度：困难I could have easily gone through life without getting to know one of the most romantic feelings---love for a dog.For at least ten years my _______ had been suggesting that we get a dog. There were several reasons why the idea _______. We had noticed that, on our block, couples with no children as a rule _______ one large or two small dogs. So we got one puppy _______ we too had no children.He flew into the house with the _______ of a Formula 1 (一级方程式赛车). In several minutes he ran over all the house, _______ from my shoulder onto the bed, and ended up in the _______, where my wife washed him with motherly _______. From that day on, the invisible（看不见的）_______ for the love of the new member of our household began at my home.He seemed to ________ that at once. Most of the meals that my wife had ________ for him with greater care than those for me—he didn’t ________ look at.Every evening I went out walking with him. I could not know who was walking whom ________ one evening, when, tired from work, I ________ the walk. The dog was very angry and dragged me out.Last night our dog pulled me by the ear with his teeth, ________ me up in my dream, and dragged me into the kitchen to make me turn off the ________ which had disturbed（干扰） his sleep. I meekly（乖乖地）________ that I had forgotten to switch off the light, but that was not________. He looked at me like a teacher at a pupil who repeatedly makes ________.Now we finally know who’s the ________ at home, and for twenty years we had seriously argued whether it was my wife or I.1.A. wife B. son C. husband D. daughter2.A. came up with B. came out C. came up D. came on3.A. kept B. rose C. carried D. invited4.A. if B. unless C. since D. before5.A. speed B. shape C. cost D. race6.A. climbed B. jumped C. covered D. stopped7.A. yard B. street C. bathroom D. kitchen8.A. worry B. care C. identity D. power9.A. signal B. work C. war D. truth10.A. doubt B. understand C. wonder D. dislike11.A. reached B. searched C. looked D. prepared12.A. even B. still C. ever D. yet13.A. while B. because C. until D. as14.A. gave in B. gave up C. gave away D. gave out15.A. broke B. woke C. picked D. packed16.A. water B. heater C. cooker D. light17.A. hoped B. considered C. admitted D. decided18.A. enough B. good C. bad D. true19.A. plans B. mistakes C. decisions D. faces20.A. boss B. member C. adult D. child四、短文填空详细信息5.难度：中等I will never forget watching my son play soccer in this middle school. My son was not a star player. In fact, he didn’t hav e the opportunity to play for long in each game,1. the rules at that time made sure everyone was involved. In one game, with the score tied and time 2. (run) out, he was playing a defensive position. The other team’s star player got 3. ball but my son was in his way. Somehow, when they met, the result was that the star player 4. (fall) on the ground and my son got the ball. He ran with 5. and had a clear path to the goal. His coach jumped up and down 6.(yell) “go” and most of the parents yelled for victo ry. When my son kicked the ball several yards towards the goal, he 7. (sudden) stopped and went back to the star player, helping him get up. When we all got enthusiastic 8. the game and forgot about the basic values of fairness and fun, my son helped a player of the other team. I 9.(touch) deeply. After the game, I hugged my son proudly. I was so glad that my son knew there was something more important 10.winning.五、短文改错详细信息6.难度：中等假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文。