【精准解析】陕西省咸阳市百灵中学2019-2020学年高二下学期第二次月考语文试题
陕西省咸阳百灵中学2020学年高二英语下学期期中试题(无答案)(1)
咸阳百灵学校2020~2020学年度第二学期期中教学质量检测高二英语试题本试卷分第Ⅰ卷(选择题)和第Ⅱ卷(非选择题)第Ⅰ卷一、听力(共两节,满分30分)第一节(共5小题)听下面5段对话。
每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。
听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。
每段对话仅读一遍。
1. Where will the speakers go next?A. The office.B. Their home.C.A restaurant.2. What do we know about the man?A. He lives not far from the library.B. He always borrows books these days.C. He goes to the library twice a month.3. What does the man imply?A. Everything is ready for the party.B. Too many people are invited to the party.C. Only a few close friends will attend the party.4. What did the man think of the movie?A. Interesting.B. Serious.C. Impractical.5. What does the man suggest the woman do?A. Buy the skirt.B. Follow the fashion.C. Bargain over the price.第二节听下面5段对话或独白。
每段对话或独白后有几个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项,并标在试卷的相应位置。
听每段对话或独白前,你将有时间阅读各个小题,每小题5秒钟;听完后,各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。
陕西省咸阳市百灵中学2019-2020学年高二语文下学期第二次月考试题【含解析】
陕西省咸阳市百灵中学2019-2020学年高二语文下学期第二次月考试题(含解析)一、现代文阅读(22分)(一)论述类文本阅读(9分)阅读下面文字,完成下列小题。
“中庸”辨析张岱年①以前曾经有一种比较流行的见解,认为中国文化的基本精神是“中庸”。
对于这个问题,应略作辨析。
②“中庸”观念是孔子提出的,他说“中庸之为德也,其至矣乎!民鲜久矣。
”(《论语·雍也》)对于中庸的含义无所解释。
但是说“中庸之为德”,而不是说“中庸之为道”,足证中庸是指一种修养境界,而不仅是指一种抽象原则。
孔子又说:“不得中行而与之,必也狂狷乎!狂者进取,狷者有所不为也。
”(《子路》)中行是较高的品德,应与中庸同义。
孟子说:“孔子不得中道而与之,必也狂狷乎!狂者进取,狷者有所不为也。
”(《孟子·尽心下》)不说中行而说中道,中行、中道,当是同一意义。
总之,中庸、中行、中道,应具有同一含义,指高于狂狷的修养境界。
③《中庸》篇有云:“舜其大知也与!舜好问而好察迩言,隐恶扬善,执其两端,用其中于民,其斯以为舜乎!”所谓执两用中应即对于中庸的解释。
《说文》:“庸,用也。
”中庸即用中,指随时运用中的原则,处事恰如其分。
孔子尝说:“过犹不及。
”(《论语·先进》)后儒解释中庸为“无过无不及”,是正确的。
④“中庸”观念包含一种认识,即许多事情都有一定限度,超过了这个限度,就和没有达到这个限度一样。
这就是“过犹不及”。
有些事情,确实如此。
如饮食衣着以及睡眠之类,确实是“过犹不及”。
但是,许多事情的限度是随时代的演进而改变的。
例如所谓“君臣之义”,过去认为是必须遵守、不可逾越的。
但是近代西方资产阶级打倒了君权,使人类历史大大前进了一步。
又如中国封建时代排斥所谓奇技淫巧,阻碍了自然科学的进展;近代西方实证科学长足进步,技术远远超过了前代,促进了文化的高度发展。
在历史上,在一定的范围内,超越传统的限度,往往可以实现巨大的飞跃。
陕西省咸阳市百灵中学2019-2020学年高二下学期第二次月考语文试题含解析
A。《中庸》说:“执其两端,用其中于民。”所谓执两用中就是对于中庸的解释。
B.《说文》:“庸,用也。”中庸即用中,指随时运用中的原则,处事恰如其分。
C。中庸就是孔子在《论语·先进》中所说的“过犹不及”。
D.后儒提出“无过无不及”,这是对中庸的正确解释.
②但是我们仔细比较他们,却也发现很多不相同的地方。最明显的,《论语》中所叙述的孔子,有一种轻松愉快的感觉,不如孟子凡事紧张。所以大成至圣能够以“君子坦荡荡”的风格,避免“小人常戚戚”的态度去保持他的悠闲。孔子令门人言志,只有曾皙最得他的赞许。而曾皙所说的,大致等于我们今天的郊游和野餐,“暮春者,春服既成,冠者五六人,童子六七人,浴乎沂,风乎舞雩,咏而归”。与这种态度截然相对的是孟子“生于忧患,死于安乐”的主张。孔子还说饭菜不做好,这样不吃那样不吃,衣服也要色彩裁剪都合式。孟子却毫不忌讳地提出“庖有肥肉,厩有肥马,民有饥色,野有饿莩”。而且“老羸转乎沟壑,壮者散之四方"等辞句也经常出现在他的嘴中。
⑤近代西方国家都宣扬自己的民族精神。如法国人民鼓吹法兰西精神,德国人民提倡日耳曼精神等等。中华民族必有作为民族文化的指导原则的中华精神。古往今来,这个精神得到发扬,文化就进步;这个精神得不到发扬,文化就落后。正确认识这个民族精神之所在,是非常必要的。
1.本文认为中庸是指一种修养境界,以下不属于其依据的一项是( )
C项,首先缺少前提“在一定的范围内”,另外“只有……才”的表述太绝对化.
故选D。
(二)现代文阅读(13分)。
孔孟(有删节)
黄仁宇
①在儒家的传统中,孔孟总是形影相随,既有大成至圣,则有亚圣。既有《论语》,则有《孟子》。孔曰“成仁”,孟曰“取义”,他们的宗旨也始终相配合.《史记》说:“孟子序诗书,述仲尼之意。”今人冯友兰,也把孔子比做苏格拉底,把孟子比做柏拉图.
咸阳百灵中学2018-2019学年高二语文下学期第二次月考试题(无答案)
咸阳百灵学校2018~2019学年度第二学期第二次月考高二语文试题注意事项:1. 答卷前,考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。
2。
作答时,将答案写在答题卡上,写在本试卷及草稿纸上无效。
3。
考试结束后,将本试卷和答题卡一并交回.一、现代文阅读(36分)(一)论述类文本阅读(本题共3小题,9分)阅读下面的文字,完成1~3题。
诗歌应有对生活现实的深切抵达中国诗歌有着悠久而深厚的现实主义传统,要求诗歌产生一定的现实功用,介入、改变外部现实,一直是中国诗歌传统中的重要组成部分,它形成了光辉而灿烂的中国诗歌文化,使诗歌不断走入人民大众的内心之中和生活之中.近年来,诗歌中的现实书写也存在一些问题。
其中,打工诗歌、乡土诗歌、城市诗歌也是各有其问题。
“打工诗歌"写作现象将一个数量庞大的社会群体和写作群体呈现到了社会大众面前,有着重要的社会意义和文学意义。
打工诗歌的写作贴近生活、“接地气”、有真情,体现着现实主义精神,具有感动人心的力量.但是,如果深入地、大量地阅读作品,便会发现其中有不少问题。
“打工诗歌"作品数量很多,但却大同小异,“千部一腔,千人一面”,在艺术上存在粗糙、直白、重复等问题,文学性不强。
从深层次来讲,诗首先是诗,应该用诗的方式说话,评价其成就的最终尺度只能是艺术水准和品质。
在打工诗歌的写作中,有一部分是跟风的、人云亦云的写作,所书写的现实是想象的、观念的、概念化的,而与真实、丰富、复杂的社会现实并不搭界。
乡土诗歌的写作资源是广袤的乡村。
在这个大变革的时代,农村面临着全新的机遇,也遭遇着挑战,这对于写作而言是一个千载难逢的契机。
但就现实之中的乡土诗歌创作而言,情况同样不容乐观.乡土诗歌写作的群体很大,但写得好的、有特色的还不多.很多诗人的观念还停留在前现代社会,一味把乡土、乡村写成桃花源、乌托邦.个别这样的写作并无不可,但是如果风靡一时、大行其道,无疑是有问题的。
因为这样的写作,前人早已写过无数遍了,并无新意,而且现代人的生活方式、思维方式、审美方式早已发生变化,再用那种封闭、单向度的抒情方式来呈现乡村,无异于刻舟求剑甚至是掩耳盗铃。
【精准解析】陕西省咸阳市百灵中学2019-2020学年高二下学期第二次月考数学(理)试题
2
2
S exdx ex |02 e2 1 .
0
故选:C 【点睛】本题主要考查定积分的几何意义,数形结合为解题的关键,属于简单题. 7.下面类比推理正确的是( ).
A. “若 a 3 b 3 ,则 a b ”类推出“若 a 0 b 0 ,则 a b ”
B. “ a b c ac bc ”类推出“ (a b)c ac bc ”
【答案】C 【解析】
分析:根据分段函数将定积分分段求,再根据定积分原理求定积分.
C. “ (ab)n anbn ”类推出 (a b)n an bn
D. “ a b c ac bc ”类推出“ a b a b (c 0) ”
c cc
【答案】D 【解析】 【分析】 判断一个推理过程是否是类比推理关键是看是否符合类比推理的定义,即是否是由特殊到与 它类似的另一个特殊的推理过程,另外还要看这个推理过程是否符合实数的性质.
c cc
是正确的;
3
故选:D
【点睛】本题考查了类比推理以及实数的运算性质,属于基础题.
8.曲线 y x2 2x 与直线 x 1 , x 1 及 x 轴所围成的图形的面积为(
A. 2
【答案】A
B. 8 3
4
C.
3
)
2
D.
3
【解析】
【分析】
首先画出函数图象,再由定积分的几何意义即可得到答案.
【详解】由图象可知:曲线 y x2 2x 与直线 x 1 , x 1 及 x 轴所围成的图形的面积
【详解】对于 A,“若 a 3 b 3 ,则 a b ”类推出“若 a 0 b 0 ,则 a b ”是错误,
因为 0 乘任何数都等于 0 ;
对于 B,“ a b c ac bc ”类推出“ (a b)c ac bc ”,
咸阳市2019-2020学年高二下期末调研语文试题含解析
咸阳市2019-2020学年高二下期末调研语文试题一、现代文阅读1.阅读下面的文字,完成下面小题。
材料一在谈论昌耀的诗歌之前,我翻阅了网页上可以查找到的关于昌耀先生的评论,有各大博士论文、昌耀先生的追捧者的文章等等,大多给他一个悲情诗人的称号。
我觉得他们丝毫不懂昌耀先生。
恰恰相反,他是一个那么热爱生命的人,不然面对父亲、母亲以及其他人的离世,要不然面对误读的诬陷,要不然面对两手空空无一物的家庭,以及家庭的烦恼、无回应的爱情,渴望生活而一再受挫的昌耀先生,早不知道要被杀死多少回,但他依然在不停向上。
上帝是公平的,给了他梵高式的磨难,也给了他流芳百世的桂冠,大诗人的荆冠。
上天安排他来完成他应造就的诗歌使命。
诗歌的句子不是与生俱来的,句子和词语,是依托在诗人敏感的情怀和敏锐的洞悉之中的。
如果没有这些经历,在一次次打击中崛起,一次次忍受孤寂与他人的不解,那么谁能获得这些厚重的句子和词语呢?技法固然重要,但形式与内容是并重的,纵使有再高超的技巧,而内心是草包,也不过是炫技而已,那样的诗句,机器人就可以造就了,但那根本不是承载灵魂的艺术。
昌耀先生的诗,大多都是充满隐喻的,他吝啬词语,也吝啬着词语的修辞艺术,字里行间无不体现了他这样的想法。
他大部分的诗也在修改后面世,诗的裁剪的程度是一个正常人都不舍得的,但他又坚持着自己的观点继续着。
他的不分行的诗歌,其设想的走向又被如今大多被认为是“先锋”的诗人书写着。
要读明白昌耀先生的诗,不能单从字面上去解读,更需要读上一读大西北的文化背景,中国1930年代以来的历史进程。
昌耀先生不只是在写诗,他是在用生命记录着每一段经历。
(摘编自若小曼《浅谈诗人昌耀及其<斯人>》)材料二我们在读昌耀的诗集时,会发觉其选入的诗歌与网上的通行版本有些差异。
作为研究昌耀的专家,燎原当然更早注意到了这个现象:“但当涉及到如何看待昌耀早期的诗作——亦即他上世纪五六十年代的诗作时,我们可以通过相关资料发现,收入昌耀诗集中的很多早期诗作,都并非当年的原貌,而存在着1979年之后不同程度的改写。
陕西省咸阳百灵中学高二英语下学期第二次月考试题
陕西省咸阳百灵中学高二英语下学期第二次月考试题一.完形填空〔每题1分,总分值20分〕During the time of the Second World War, a woman from New York was one of the many who had a son in the army in 1 . The son 2 home once a week. His mother was always 3 to receive his letters, so when the letters 4 stopped coming, she became worried. She soon 5 from the Home Office that her son was 6 by the Japanese. And he was now in 7 . A few week later, the mother was 8 happyto get a letter from her son. He wrote that he was in a Japanese prisoner of war camp, 9 he was treated well and was in 10 health. At the end of the letter, he __11__, 〝PS. Steam off the stamp and give it to my little brother for his 12 .〞 As the boy was her only son, the mother was 13 , but she still followed his son’s14 and did what his son told her to. There, under the stamp on the envelope 15a message, 16 , 〝help, we’re 17 to death.〞The truth is that in the prison there was a Japanese officer who examined the prisoners’18 letters with the power to 19 anything offensive to the Japanese administration(管理). That’s 20 this boy used a smart way to send his mother a letter telling her what it was like inside the prison.1. A. America B. Asia C. Europe D. Africa2. A. visited B. stayed C. wrote D. called3. A. pleased B. confused C. upset D. terrified4. A. quickly B. suddenly C. finally D. quietly5. A. studied B. received C. learned D. accepted6. A. sent B. chosen C. heard D. caught7. A. prison B. army C. service D. war8. A. strangely B. extremely C. surprisingly D. increasingly9. A. or B. for C. so D. but10. A. poor B. bad C. fine D. terrible11. A. wrote B. added C. explained D. hoped12. A. fun B. pleasure C. interest D. collection13. A. careful B. concerned C. curious D. considerate14. A. instruction B. information C. attention D. request15. A. had B. fixed C. wrote D. was16. A. writing B. written C. reading D. read17. A. trying B. starving C. beating D. struggling18. A. secret B. regular C. private D. ordinary19. A. remove B. require C. rewrite D. re-organize20. A. how B. why C. where D. when二、阅读了解(每题2分,总分值50分)AIMAGINE that your parents have bought you the most advanced robot. He looks like a real person. He talks to you and plays with you. He can even think for himself and figure out what you need.It may feel as if you have a considerate new brother who keeps you company all the time. But come to think of it, can you really trust him?Ever since the first robot was created decades ago, scientists have kept thinking about the task of making robots more like humans. However, as they have gotten closer to that goal, doubts have grown. According to the BBC, Japanese robot designer Masahiro Mori argues that the more lifelike robots become, the more humans feel a connection to them. But once they become too similar to humans, people begin to feel uncomfortable.This theory is what led to the creation of a brand new robot in Switzerland earlier this month. Roboy, as the new machine is called, has various human-like abilities such as hand-shaking and bicycle-riding, but instead of a skin-like covering, Roboy is wrapped in shiny white armor (盔甲) that clearly shows its robot status.〝As long as people can clearly see that the robot is a machine, even if they project their feelings into it, then they feel comfortable,〞 Rolf Pfeifer, the creator of Roboy from the University of Zurich, Switzerland, told the BBC.But the problem that people have with robots is not just with the way they look. It also has to do with the roles that they play in our lives.A survey last year of European Union countries showed that 88 percent of those interviewed agreed that robots are 〝necessary as they can do jobs that are too hard or dangerous for people〞, such as space exploration and war fighting. But when it comes to taking care of children, 60 percent said that robots should not be allowed to participate, because as robots become more advanced and complicated, parents may tend to hand over too much responsibility to them.No matter what, robots will soon enter our homes, Pfeifer said. What is not yet clear is whether they will act more like servants who work for us or companions who live with us.21. What is the purpose of the text?A. To introduce the newly-invented robot, Roboy.B. To discuss problems related to designing robotsC. To explore the roles robots will play in our future lives.D. To argue what kinds of robots appeal to people more.22. Why did Pfeifer make Roboy look like a robot?A. To better protect it.B. To make it look cool and modern.C. To make it clearly different from a human.D. To keep its price down.23. According to the paragraph before the last one, most of the people interviewed __________.A. welcome robots into their homesB. believe robots are useful for certain dangerous tasksC. think families with children shouldn’t use robots for houseworkD. are afraid that children will become less responsible if robots take care of them24. Which best describes the author’s tone in the article?A. Objective(客观的).B. Critical(批判的).C. Admiring.D. Anxious.25. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?A. The brand new robot in Switzerland can do everything human beings can.B. Scientists have long been dreaming of creating human-like robots.C. Robots in the future will serve as human beings’ good friends.D. Pe ople won’t be comfortable with robots like a machine in the house.BGuide to Stockholm University LibraryOur library offers different types of studying places and provides a good studying environment.ZonesThe library is divided into different zones. The upper floor is a quiet zone with over a thousand places for silent reading, and places where you can sit and work with your own computer. The reading places consist mostly of tables and chairs. The ground floor is the zone where you can talk. Here you can find sofas and armchairs for group work.ComputersYou can use your own computer to connect to the wi-fi specially prepared for notebook computers; you can also use library computers, which contain the most commonly used applications, such as Microsoft Office. They are situated(位于) in the area known as the Experimental Field on the ground floor.Group-study placesIf you want to discuss freely without disturbing others, you can book a study room or sit at a table on the ground floor. Some study rooms are for 2-3 people and others can hold up to 6-8 people. All rooms are marked on the library maps.There are 40 group-study rooms that must be booked via the website. To book, you need an active University account and a valid University card. You can use a room three hours per day, nine hours at most per week.Storage of Study Materia lThe library has lockers for students to store course literature. When you have got at least 40 credits(学分), you may rent a locker and pay 400 SEK for a year’s rental period.Rules to be FollowedMobile phone conversations are not permitted anywhere in the library. Keep your phoneon silent as if you were in a lecture and exit the library if you need to receive calls.Please note that food and fruit are forbidden in the library, but you are allowedto have drinks and sweets with you.26. The library’s upper floor is mainly for students to __________.A. read in a quiet placeB. have group discussionsC. take comfortable seatsD. get their computers fixed27. Library computers on the ground floor __________.A. help students with their field experimentsB. contain software necessary for schoolworkC. are for those who want to access the wi-fiD. are mostly used for filling out application forms28. What condition should be met to book a group-study room?A. A group must consist of 8 peopleB. Three-hour use per day is the minimumC. One should first register (注册) at the universityD. Applicants must mark the room on the map29. A student can rent a locker in the library if he __________.A. can afford the rental feeB. attends certain coursesC. has nowhere to put his booksD. has earned the required credits30. What should NOT be brought into the library?A. Mobile phonesB. Orange juiceC. CandyD. SandwichesCEating too much fatty food,exercising too little and smoking can raise your futurerisk of heart disease. But there is another factor that can cause your heart problems more immediately:the air you breathe.Previous studies have linked high exposure〔暴露〕to environmental pollution toan increased risk of heart problems, but two analyses now show that poor air qualitycan cause heart attack or stroke〔中风〕 within as little as a few hours after exposure.In one report of the research, scientists found that people exposed to high levelsof pollutants〔污染物〕were up to 5% more likely to suffer a heart attack within daysof exposure than those with lower exposure. Anotherstudy of stroke patients showedthat even air that the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency〔EPA〕considers to beof 〝moderate〞(良好) quality and relatively safe for our health can raise the riskof stroke as much as 34% within 12 to 14 hours of exposure.The authors of both studies stress that these risks are relatively small forhealthy people and certainly modest compared with other risk factors such as smokingand high blood pressure. However, it is important to be aware of these dangers because everyone is exposed to air pollution regardless of lifestyle choices. So stricter regulation by the EPA of pollutants may not only improve environmental air qualitybut could also become necessary to protect public health.31.WHAT may cause heart disease?A.eating too muchB.drink too muchC. exercise too littleD.smoking32.The text mainly discusses the relationship between _________ .A. heart problems and air qualityB. heart problems and exercisingC. heart problems and sm okingD. heart problems and fatty food33.The underlined word 〝modest〞 in Paragraph 3 most probably means _________ .A. relatively highB. extremely lowC. relatively lowD. extremely high34 . We can learn from the text that __________?A. eating fatty food has immediate effects on your heart.B. the EPA conducted many studies on air quality.C. moderate air quality is more harmful than smoking.D. stricter regulations on pollutants should be made.35.T he author’s purpose of writing the text is most likely to _________ .A. inf ormB. persuadeC. describeD. EntertainDWhat do you see from a handful of seeds? Some see green plants, some see blooming flowers, or just seeds. But one group of Shanghai students saw an opportu¬nity to make money.Eight students from No 2 Secondary School Attache d to East China Normal Uni¬versity started a virtual company selling different seeds and seed products. They successfully sold 28 pictures pasted with different seeds at a campus auction a week a¬go. The company, which has recruited around 20 student staff members, has earned over 2021 yuan in the past three months."We donated part of the money to a poor school in the countryside o f Anhui Province. It's great to realize our ideal of ‘spreading love and culture with seeds’ after many tests and lots of hard work," said Senior 2 Shi Chen, CEO of the company.Just like any other company, Shi's didn't develop smoothly. Shi and her young colleagues used to sell fresh flowers and old books, and later found seeds might be something that their company could engage in. They bought seeds of various plants and flowers at low prices from a local farm and sold them in schools or on streets. The creative students also made accessories and pictures with different seeds.With little business knowledge, the students had to learn new skills as the lead¬ers of different departments, such as public relations (PR), sales and marketing. They persuaded a joint Sino-French company near their school to give them training in business management. They also asked some local businessmen to act as their consul¬tants." They helped us overcome our shyness. We also learned quite a lot of business theory. I found communication skills and teamwork are very important for my job," said Senior 1 Qian Yifei.The 16-year-old was elected as PR manager thanks to her talent for speaking. She is also in charge of after sales service, dealing with complaints and providing suggestions.As the head of the company, CEO Shi has a lot more to think about. First of all, she has to learn how to make her colleagues work efficiently as the company only opens at weekend s due to all their studies. So she established a system to evaluate everyone's performance, in terms of punctuality, efficiency, profits knowledge and so on. "It makes the company more formal," she said.36. At a campus auction a week ago, they ________ .A. sold 28 green plants with different flowersB. sold 28 seeds pasted with different picturesC. sold 28 pictures pasted with different seedsD. sold 28 flowers pasted with different pictures37.What is the purpose of opening the company?A. To earn money for their education fees.B. To spread love and culture with seeds.C. To see whether they can open a company.D. To collect money to open a Hope School.38.What does the word "it" (in the last paragraph) refer to?A. Selling seeds.B. To have a person as CEO.C. Every colleague' s performance.D. To make her colleagues work efficiently.39. According to Qian Yifei, what matters most in dealing with public relations?A. Communication skills and teamwork.B. Creative and critical thinking.C. Educational background.D. Business theories.40.What can we learn from the passage?A. The company is owned by 8 students.B. The company is over-night successful.C. The company gets a lot of help from others.D. The company sells old books and fresh flowers.依据短文内容,从下框的A~E选项中选出能概括每一段主题的最正确选项,并在答题卡上将该选项涂黑,其中有一项多余。
陕西省咸阳百灵中学2020学年高二英语下学期第二次月考试题(无答案)
咸阳百灵中学2020学年高二英语月考试题(2) 第Ⅰ卷(共80 分) 一、完形填空(每小题2分,共40分) I became a gardener when I was twelve. My early__1___of gardening may not have originated from my love for nature. It was to ___2___my parents. At that time, we had a big yard in which a beautiful maple tree stood. But my mother often looked with __3___at this work of natural art. Those golden leaves seemed like tons of rubbish to he r, “somethin g else to ___4___!”Seeing the neighbors busy with gardening, my father even thought it a waste of time. At that age, I always did something___5___to whatever my parents did! If gardening were something they found____6__, I would plant a garden! I planted some lily (百合花)seeds in the yard. But they failed to __7___.I continued to plant sunflower seeds and roses. Wild ____8__joy,I found the first rose bloom (开花).One by one, the flowers bloomed their heads off.__9___, I was touched by this land of wonder. ___10__, my parents showed no interest in my garden. My father even___11____at me because he found it was ___12____to move around my garden to the driveway. To my mother’s ___13,I put in her vase my real roses which, in her eyes, were simply weeds____14___flowers. Regardless of their ____15___, I kept on planting my garden and ____16___to enjoy the pleasure of gardening. Plants make such good companions: they breathe, they bloom, they____17____to care and love. It has been many years since I made my first garden out of my desire to____18___my parents .Today I become known as Mrs. Greenthumbs, teaching⊙装-----------------------------⊙---------------订--------------⊙----------------------------线⊙gardening and hosting a gardening show, which makes my parents feel very____19_.And now I could say it is my affection for____20___that makes me a real gardener.1..A. memory B. dream C.intention D. design2..A. please B. change C. help D. annoy3..A.doubt B.appreciation C. surprise D. excitement4..A.collect up B care about C. clean up D. come in5..A.equal B. similar C. superior D. opposite6..A.painful B. valuable C. upsetting D. interestinge up B. break out C. hold on D. get through8..A.to B. with C. in D. by9..A.Luckily B. Cheerfully C. Regularly D. Eventually10..A.Instead B. However C. Therefore D. Besides11..A.shouted B. laughed C. glanced D. jumped12.A.convenient B. troublesome C. enjoyable D.dangerous13..A.sadness B. displeasure C. delight D. relief14..A.other than B. more than C. rather than D. less than15..A.disklike B. encouragement C. threat D. suggestion16..A.decided B. stopped C. continued D. struggled17.A.devote B. turn C. respond D. lead18..A.defeat B. satisfy C. respect D. challenge19..A.proud B. comfortable C. strange D. disappointed20..A.freedom B. life C. growth D. nature二、阅读理解(每小题 2分,共40分)ACyril was a small town. The houses there were all made of wood; almost everything in the houses were made of wood, too. And all the houses faced south. The town was never peaceful. Fire broke out once a week on summer afternoons. People were puzzled who was the real firebug (纵火犯).One day a big fire broke out. It was said that a Negro(黑人) had jumped out of the house on fire, so the police arrested all the Negroes in the street. However, there were fires breaking out when the Negroes were in prison.Mauson, a physics teacher, didn’t believe that the Negroes were the firebugs, and decided to find out who the real firebug was. One day, he was invited to drink in a pub and happened to notice that many bottles and plastic plates were baked by the hot sunrays. Suddenly he realized what the actual fact was. He dashed out of the pub to his friend’s house nearby, which also faced south. He made an experiment there to prove his idea.The next Saturday afternoon, Mauson asked some policemen to come to the house. They were told that the real firebug would be shown there. At tha t time, the sun was shining full into the house and it became hotter and hotter inside the room. “Now,” said Mauson, “this house will soon catch fire.” People looked at each other in surprise. Mauson asked them to look at the bottles and focus on the table cloth. After a while the cloth gave off a burning smell and began to catch fire!The mystery of fire was discovered, but the police wouldn’t believe him and insisted that Negroes had been the firebugs. Instead they arrested Mauson and put him into prison. But Mauson said he would never turn against science.21. The town was never peaceful, for fire broke out ________.A. on SundaysB. on summer afternoonsC. at any timeD. on winter mornings22. Why did the police arrest all the Negroes?A. Because one of them had been seen to set on a fire.B. Because they were suspected to be the firebugs.C. Because the police hated the Negroes.D. Because the Negroes knew something about the fires.23. Drinking in a pub, Mauson realized ________.A. he needed to leave the pubB. he needed to back the bottlesC. it was too hot in the pubD. who was the real firebug24. By making an experiment, it was proved that the real firebug was ________.A. the NegroesB. bottlesC. sunraysD.plastic plates25. What happened at the end of the story?A. The Negroes were set free.B. The police arrested the realfirebugsC. Mauson was arrested too.D. Mauson made friends with the NegroesBI began to grow up when my parents and I were returning from my aunt’s housethat winter night, and my mother said that we would soon leave for America.We were on the bus then. I was crying, and some people on the bus were turningaround to look at me. I cried because I could not bear the thought of neverhearing the radio program for school children again. I also had to say goodbyeto my dear friends and relatives. I thought about the new country I was goingto see—the strange place I had known only from books and pictures.The four years that followed taught me the importance of optimism(乐观),but the idea did not come to me at once. For the first two years in New York,I was really lost—having to study in three schools because of family moves.I did not quite know what I was or what I should be. Mother remarried, andthings became even more complex for me. Some time passed before my stepfatherand I got used to each other. I was often sad, and saw no end to “the hardtimes.”My responsibilities in the family increased a lot since I knew Englishbetter than everyone else at home. I wrote letters, filled out forms,translated at interviews with Immigration officers(移民局官员), took my grandparents to the doctor and translated there, and even discussed telephone bills with company representatives.From my experiences I have learned one important rule: Almost all common troubles go away at last! Something good is certain to happen in the end when you do not give up, and just wait a little! I believe that my life will turn out all right, even though it will not be that easy.26. How did the author get to know America?A. From radio programs.B. From books and pictures.C. From her mother.D. From her relatives.27. When leaving for America, the author felt __________.A. sadB. confusedC. excitedD. surprised28. For the first two years in New York, the author __________.A. often lost her wayB. did not think about her futureC. studied in three different schoolsD. got on well with her stepfather29. What can we learn about the author from Paragraph 3?A. She worked as a translator.B. She attended a lot of job interviews.C. She paid telephone bills for her family.D. She helped her family with her English.30. The author believes that __________.A. her future will be free from troublesB. it is difficult to learn to become patientC. there are more good things than bad thingsD. good things will happen if one keeps tryingCTreetops, the hotel in the trees, is famous in the world. Peop1e know little about Kenya, but they know of Treetops. When King George VI died, Princess Elizabeth was staying on the Treetops, and when she came down from there, “She succeeded him as the queen of the country”.The hotel is in the middle of the forest, and it shows the pleasure of Africa. When you visit it, you will be sent into the heart of the forest by hotel buses, and then a guide, with a gun to protect you against big game, will go with you to the Treetops. Before and after dinner, for the whole night if you wish, you can sit on the corridor(走廊), watching animals come to the water pool. The earliest hotel Treetops was built round a large tree on the opposite side of the water, but that was destroyed by fire and the new hotel Treetops, which is built round several trees, is much bigger.The dining room at Treetops is small, and the waiters cannot walk round to serve guests, so a clever “railway service” has been invented. Guests take their food as it passes slowly in front of them, along a line in the center of the table.There are many animals around the Treetops. When you visit them, you can see:---Animals and their babies are waiting to greet the guests.---Animals, enjoying the Treetops pool in the daylight.---A long bodied, long ring tailed very active cat-like animal is a special one coming out at night. He hunts and eats anything he can catch and is very destructive. He lives in the trees at Treetops. He comes for his foodevery evening. Do not get too near to him, as his teeth and claws(爪)can do you harm. These animals can be trained and become lovely pets.31. The underlined word “succeeded” in Paragraph 1 probably means “_________”.A. did what she was trying to doB. gained her purposeC. replaced someone in an important positionD. completed an easy task32. According to the text, “railway service” actually refers to __________.A. the service provided at the railway stationB. the supply of food on the trainC. the service provided along the railwayD. the supply of food along a moving line33. Which of the following statements about “the cat-like animal” is wrong?A. It comes for food only at night.B. It lives in the trees at Treetops.C. Its teeth and claws can do people harm.D. It can catch any other animal in the forest.34. According to the text, Treetops is famous in the world because ________.A. it shows the pleasure of AmericaB. Princess Elizabeth got to the crown when coming down from thereC. it is built around several treesD. there are many animals that can be trained and become lovely pets35. We can learn from the text that the guests____.A. should not play games on the TreetopsB. could not sit on the corridor at nightC. could enjoy their dinner in the dining roomD. should keep off the cat-like animalsDIf you have ever been rock climbing, you will know that it is not a very easy sport. In fact, you probably felt quite defeated when you first tried to do any serious climbing. Indoor and outdoor rock climbing are both extremely demanding and require practice to get good at. It is one of the most physically and mentally demanding sports.There are three basic types of rock climbing. Top roping is the most common type and the climber need to climb with a partner. The second type, which is very similar to top roping, is called lead climbing. In both of the types, the climber can sit off the wall and rest on the rope. The third type is called bouldering. Bouldering is a type of free climbing without any ropes. This is the most demanding of all climbing types. The climber must be able to complete the climbing without taking a rest on the rope.Believe it or not, climbing is said to be about 75% legs and only 25% arms. To climb efficiently and successfully, a person needs to have a wonderful technique. One of the major rules of rock climbing is to alwa ys have three points touching the wall, whether it is both feet and one hand, or one foot and both hands, as it is much easier to have your weight rest on three pointsthan on two. Another important idea to grasp is that your arms in most cases will do the climbing; they only hold you into the wall so that your legs are actually pushing you upward. Also, the closer you are to the wall, the easier it is to climb.Rock climbing may sound a bit too extreme for the everyday person, but it is really an amazing workout. Once you get into the sport, and learn how to position your body and rest your weight, then you can begin to deal with some difficult problems. The great thing about rock climbing is that it is mentally challenging as well. You are constantly analyzing the way your body moves and how to do certain moves on the wall. For anyone who wants to get into shape, rock climbing is a fun and effective way to exercise muscles.36. What does the author think of rock climbing?A. It is an easy sport.B. It is challenging.C. It is quite dangerous.D. It is extremely difficult.37. From the text we know that _____________.A. indoor rock climbing is much easier than outdoor rock climbingB. while rock climbing, people depend mainly on their armsC. ordinary people can practise rock climbingD. during climbing, the climber can always stop for a rest38. While climbing, it is much easier for a rock climber if he __________.A. takes a ropeB. has a partnerC. has three points touching the wallD. uses feet more often39 __________ will make rock climb easier.A. Keeping the body closer to the wallB. Resting more often on the armsC. Resting more often on the feetD. Pushing forward without thinking of the problems40. By rock climbing, one can _______.A. get more weight and stronger musclesB. get both physical and mental exercisesC. have a terrible experience that will last longD. probably feel quite defeated第Ⅱ卷(共70 分)三.语法填空。
陕西省咸阳百灵中学高二数学下学期第二次月考试题 文
陕西省咸阳百灵中学高二数学下学期第二次月考试题文一、选择题〔本大题共10小题,每题5分,共50分.在每题给出的四个选项中,只要一项为哪一项契合要求的.〕1.以下关系:①人的年龄与他〔她〕拥有的财富之间的关系;②曲线上的点与该点的坐标之间的关系;③苹果的产量与气候之间的关系;④森林中的同一种树木,其横断面直径与高度之间的关系,其中是相关关系的有 〔 〕 A .1个B .2个C .3个D .4个2.假定双数3i z =-,那么z 在复平面内对应的点位于 〔 〕 A .第一象限B .第二象限C .第三象限D .第四象限3.按流程图的顺序计算,假定末尾输入的值为3x =,那么输入的x 的值是〔 〕A .6B .21C .156D .2314A .增函数的定义B .函数3y x =满足增函数的定义C .假定12x x <,那么12()()f x f x <D .假定12x x >,那么12()()f x f x >5.用火柴棒摆〝金鱼〞,如下图:依照下面的规律,第n 个〝金鱼〞图需求火柴棒的根数为 〔 〕A .62n -B .82n -C .62n +D .82n +6. 某人射击一次击中的概率为0.6,经过3次射击,此人至少有两次击中目的的概率为〔 〕 A .12581 B .12554 C .12536 D .12527 7.下面说法正确的选项是 ( )①归结推理是由局部到全体的推理;②归结推理是由普通到普通的推理; ③归结推理是由普通到特殊的推理;④类比推理是由特殊到普通的推理; ⑤类比推理是由特殊到特殊的推理。
A .①②③ B .②③④ C .②④⑤ D .①③⑤8.双数534+i的共轭双数是〔 〕输入x 计算(1)2x x x +=的值 100?x >输入结果x 是否…①② ③A .34-iB .3545+iC .34+iD .3545-i 9.求135101S =++++的流程图顺序如右图所示,其中①应为 〔 〕 A .101?A =B .101?A ≤C .101?A >D .101?A ≥10.在独立性检验中,统计量2K 有两个临界值:3. 3.841和6.635;当2K >3.841时,有95%的掌握说明两个事情有关,当2K >6.635时,有99%的掌握说明两个事情有关,当2K ≤3.841时,以为两个事情有关.在一项打鼾与患心脏病的调查中,共调查了2021人,经计算的2K =20.87,依据这一数据剖析,以为打鼾与患心脏病之间 ( )A .有95%的掌握以为两者有关B .约有95%的打鼾者患心脏病C .有99%的掌握以为两者有关D .约有99%的打鼾者患心脏病二、填空题〔本大题共4小题,每题5分,共20分.把答案填在题中横线上.〕 11.,x y ∈R ,假定i 2i x y +=-,那么x y -=12.x 与y 之间的一组数据如下,那么y 与x 的线性回归方程为y=bx+a ,必过点 13.观察以下式子:212311+=,313422+=,414533+=,515644+=,,归结得出普通规律为14.在平面直角坐标系中,以点00(,)x y 为圆心,r 为半径的圆的方程为22200()()x x y y r -+-=,类比圆的方程,请写出在空间直角坐标系中以点000(,,)P x y z 为球心,半径为r 的球的方程为三、解答题〔本大题共5小题,共50分.解容许写出文字说明,证明进程或演算步骤.〕 15.〔本小题10分〕 证明:67225+>+16.〔本小题10分〕设数列{}n a 的前n 项和为n S ,且满足2n n a S =-()n *∈N . 〔1〕求1a ,2a ,3a ,4a 的值写出其通项公式; 〔2〕用三段论证明数列{}n a 是等比数列.末尾 ①是 否 S =0A =1S =S +AA =A +2输入x 完毕17.〔本小题10分〕双数()()21312i i z i-++=-,假定21z az b i ++=-,〔1〕求z ; 〔2〕务实数,a b 的值. 18.〔本小题10分〕,x y R +∈,且2x y +>, 求证:1x y +与1yx+中至少有一个小于219.〔本小题10分〕某种产品的广告费用支出x 〔万元〕与销售额y 〔万元〕之间有如下的对应数据:(1)画出散点图; (2)求回归直线方程; 〔3〕据此估量广告费用为9万元时,销售支出y 的值.x 2 4 5 6 8 y3040605070。
陕西省咸阳百灵中学2020学年高二物理下学期第二次月考试题(无答案)(1)
咸阳百灵学校2020~2020学年度第二学期第二次月考高二物理试题一、选择题(本题包括13小题,每小题3分,共48分,每小题有三项符合题目要求,选对1个得1分,选对2个得2分,选对3个得3分,每选错1个扣1分,最低得分为0分)1.对一定质量的理想气体,下列说法不正确的是( )A.气体体积是指所有气体分子的体积之和B.气体分子的热运动越剧烈,气体的温度就越高C.当气体膨胀时,气体的分子势能减小,因而气体的内能一定减少D.气体的压强是大量气体分子频繁地碰撞器壁产生的E.气体的压强是由气体分子的重力产生的,在失重的情况下,密闭容器内的气体对器壁没有压强2.关于空气湿度,下列说法正确的是 ( )A.当人们感到潮湿时,空气的绝对湿度一定较大B.当人们感到干燥时,空气的相对湿度一定较小C.空气的绝对湿度用空气中所含水蒸汽的压强表示D.空气的相对湿度定义为水的饱和汽压与相同温度时空气中所含水蒸汽的压强之比E.空气的相对湿度定义为空气中所含水蒸汽的压强与相同温度时水的饱和汽压之比3.如图14所示,分别表示两个分子之间分子力和分子势能随分子间距离变化的图像.由图像判断以下说法中正确的是( )图14A.当分子间距离为r时,分子力和分子势能均最小,分子力为零,分子势能不为零时,分子力随分子间距离的增大而增大B.当分子间距离r>r时,分子势能随分子间距离的增大而增加C.当分子间距离r>rD.当分子间距离r<r时,分子间距离逐渐减小,分子力逐渐增大,分子势能逐渐增加时,分子间距离减小时,分子势能先减小后增加E.当分子间距离r<r4.由饱和汽与饱和汽压的概念判断下列说法哪些是正确的 ( )A.气体和液体之间的动态平衡是指汽化和液化同时进行的过程,且进行的速率相等B.一定温度下饱和汽的密度为一定值,温度升高饱和汽密度增大C.一定温度下的饱和汽压随饱和汽的体积增大而增大D.一定温度下的饱和汽压随饱和汽的体积增大而减小E.一定温度下的饱和汽压与饱和汽的体积无关5.如图1所示是一定质量的某种气体的等压线,比较等压线上的a、b两个状态,下列说法正确的是( )图1A.在相同时间内撞在单位面积上的分子数b状态较多B.在相同时间内撞在单位面积上的分子数a状态较多C.a状态对应的分子平均动能小D.单位体积的分子数a状态较多E.单位体积的分子数b状态较多6.当两个分子间的距离r=r0时,分子处于平衡状态,设r1<r<r2,则当两个分子间的距离由r1变到r2的过程中( )A.分子力先减小后增大B.分子力有可能先减小再增大最后再减小C.分子势能先减小后增大D.分子势能先增大后减小E.分子力为零时,分子势能最小7.如图2所示,内径均匀、两端开口的V形管,B支管竖直插入水银槽中,A 支管与B支管之间的夹角为θ,A支管中有一段长为h的水银柱保持静止,下列说法中不正确的是( )A.B管内水银面比管外水银面高hB.B管内水银面比管外水银面高h cos θC.B管内水银面比管外水银面低h cos θD.管内封闭气体的压强比大气压强小h cos θ高汞柱E.管内封闭气体的压强比大气压强大hcos θ高汞柱8.下列说法中不正确的是( )A.物体温度降低,其分子热运动的平均动能增大B.物体温度升高,其分子热运动的平均动能增大C.物体温度降低,其内能一定增大D.物体温度不变,其内能一定不变E.只根据物体温度的变化,无法确定内能的变化9.如图3所示,用活塞把一定质量的理想气体封闭在导热汽缸中,用水平外力F作用于活塞杆,使活塞缓慢向右移动,由状态①变化到状态②.如果环境保持恒温,分别用p、V、T表示该理想气体的压强、体积、温度.气体从状态①变化到状态②,此过程可用下图中哪几个图像表示( )【导学号:35500028】图310.如图4所示,在一个圆柱形的导热汽缸中,用活塞封闭了一部分空气,活塞与汽缸壁间是密封而光滑的,一弹簧秤挂在活塞上,将整个汽缸悬吊在天花板上,当外界气温升高(大气压不变)时( )图4A.弹簧秤示数变大B.弹簧秤示数变小C.弹簧秤示数不变D.汽缸的底部下降E.活塞位置不变11.两分子间的斥力和引力的合力F与分子间距离r的关系如图15中曲线所.相距很远的两分子在分子力作用下,由静止开始示,曲线与r轴交点的横坐标为r相互接近.若两分子相距无穷远时分子势能为零,下列说法正确的是( )图15阶段,F做正功,分子动能增加,势能减小A.在r>rB.在r<r阶段,F做负功,分子动能减小,势能也减小时,分子势能最小,动能最大C.在r=r时,分子势能为零D.在r=rE.分子动能和势能之和在整个过程中不变12.用如图5所示的实验装置来研究气体等容变化的规律.A、B管下端由软管相连,注入一定量的水银,烧瓶中封有一定量的某种气体,开始时A、B两管中水银面一样高,那么为了保持瓶中气体体积不变( )图5A .将烧瓶浸入热水中,应将A 管向上移B .将烧瓶浸入热水中,应将A 管向下移动C .将烧瓶浸入冰水中,应将A 管向上移动D .将烧瓶浸入冰水中,应将A 管向下移动E .将该装置移到高山上做实验,应将A 管向上移13.墨滴入水,扩而散之,徐徐混匀.关于该现象的分析正确的是( ) A .混合均匀主要是由于碳粒受重力作用B .混合均匀是水分子和碳粒做无规则运动的结果,与重力无关C .混合均匀的过程中,水分子和碳粒都做无规则运动D .使用碳粒更小的墨汁,混合均匀的过程进行得更迅速E .墨汁的扩散运动是由于碳粒和水分子发生化学反应引起的 二、非选择题14(6分)“用油膜法估测分子的大小”的实验的方法及步骤如下: ①向体积V 油=1 mL 的油酸中加酒精,直至总量达到V 总=500 mL ;②用注射器吸取①中配制好的油酸酒精溶液,把它一滴一滴地滴入小量筒中,当滴入n =100滴时,测得其体积恰好是V 0=1 mL ;③先往边长为30~40 cm 的浅盘里倒入2 cm 深的水,然后将 均匀地撒在水面上;图12④用注射器往水面上滴一滴油酸酒精溶液,待油酸薄膜形状稳定后,将事先准备好的玻璃板放在浅盘上,并在玻璃板上描下油酸膜的形状;⑤将画有油酸膜轮廓的玻璃板放在坐标纸上,如图12所示,数出轮廓范围内小方格的个数N,小方格的边长l=20 mm.根据以上信息,回答下列问题:(1)步骤③中应填写:;(2)1滴油酸酒精溶液中纯油酸的体积V′是 mL;(3)油酸分子直径是 m.15.(4分)为了测试某种安全阀在外界环境为一个大气压时所能承受的最大内部压强,某同学自行设计制作了一个简易的测试装置.该装置是一个装有电加热器和温度传感器的可密闭容器.测试过程可分为如下操作步骤:a.记录密闭容器内空气的初始温度t1;b.当安全阀开始漏气时,记录容器内空气的温度t2;c.用电加热器加热容器内的空气;d.将待测安全阀安装在容器盖上;e.盖紧装有安全阀的容器盖,将一定量空气密闭在容器内.(1)将每一步骤前的字母按正确的操作顺序排列:;(2)若测得的温度分别为t1=27 ℃,t2=87 ℃,已知大气压强为1.0×105 Pa,则测试结果是:这个安全阀能承受的最大内部压强是.16.(6分)如图6所示,内壁光滑的圆柱型金属容器内有一个质量为m、面积为S的活塞.容器固定放置在倾角为θ的斜面上.一定量的气体被密封在容器内,温度为T0,活塞底面与容器底面平行,距离为h.已知大气压强为p,重力加速度为g.图6(1)容器内气体压强为.(2)由于环境温度变化,活塞缓慢下移h/2时气体温度为.三.计算题(每题9分)17.如图所示,水平放置的一根玻璃管和几个竖直放置的U形管内有一段水银柱,封闭端里有一定质量的气体.图(a)中的水银柱长度和图(b)、(c)、(d)中的U形管两臂内水银柱高度差均为,外界大气压强相当于水银柱产生的压强,则4部分密封气体的压强分别为多少?18.用打气筒给自行车打气,设每打一次可打入压强为的空气.自行车内胎的容积为,假设胎内原来没有空气,那么打了20次后胎内空气压强为多少?(设打气过程中气体的温度不变)19.如图所示,在左端封闭的U形管中,用水银封住了A、B两段空气柱,外界大气压强为,则多少?多少?20.容积为的钢瓶里装有氢气,使用过程中,压强由 4.9×106Pa降低到9.8×105Pa,温度由27℃降低到7℃,则钢瓶里剩下的氢气是原来的多少?共用掉多少氢气?21.某一著名的登山运动员在一次攀登珠穆朗玛峰的过程中,他手表的表面玻璃突然爆裂,而这时手表没有受到任何撞击.通过调查发现该手表的出厂参数为27 ℃时表内气体压强为1atm.当内外压强差超过6atm时,手表表面玻璃可能爆裂,若已知当时气温是-13 ℃,那么手表表面玻璃爆裂时表内气体压强为多少?外界大气压为多少?。
陕西省咸阳百灵中学2020┄2021学年高二下学期第二次月考试题英语 无答案
第一部分听力(共两节,满分30分)第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分,满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。
每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项,并标在试卷的相应位置。
听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。
每段对话仅读一遍。
1. How much should the man pay?A. 320 dollars.B. 200 dollars.C. 120 dollars.2. What will the man do this weekend?A. Go out and relax.B. Go to work.C. Find a job.3. What did the man buy yesterday?A. A sweater and a pair of trousers.B. A sweater and a pair of shoes.C. A pair of trousers and a pair of shoes.4. How did the woman get the birthday cake?A. Her father made it for her.B. She made it by herself.C. She got it from her mother.5. What is the probable relationship between the two speakers?A. Husband and wife.B. Neighbors.C. Boss and secretary.第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分,满分22.5分)听第6段材料,回答第6至7题。
6. What does the boy want to eat?A. Peas and carrots.B. An apple and a banana.C. Chocolate cake.7. Where does the conversation probably take place?A. In a market.B. In a restaurantC. At home.听第7段材料,回答第8至9题。
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咸阳百灵学校2019~2020学年度第二学期月考(二)高二语文试题一、现代文阅读(22分)(一)论述类文本阅读(9分)阅读下面文字,完成下列小题。
“中庸”辨析张岱年①以前曾经有一种比较流行的见解,认为中国文化的基本精神是“中庸”。
对于这个问题,应略作辨析。
②“中庸”观念是孔子提出的,他说“中庸之为德也,其至矣乎!民鲜久矣。
”(《论语·雍也》)对于中庸的含义无所解释。
但是说“中庸之为德”,而不是说“中庸之为道”,足证中庸是指一种修养境界,而不仅是指一种抽象原则。
孔子又说:“不得中行而与之,必也狂狷乎!狂者进取,狷者有所不为也。
”(《子路》)中行是较高的品德,应与中庸同义。
孟子说:“孔子不得中道而与之,必也狂狷乎!狂者进取,狷者有所不为也。
”(《孟子·尽心下》)不说中行而说中道,中行、中道,当是同一意义。
总之,中庸、中行、中道,应具有同一含义,指高于狂狷的修养境界。
③《中庸》篇有云:“舜其大知也与!舜好问而好察迩言,隐恶扬善,执其两端,用其中于民,其斯以为舜乎!”所谓执两用中应即对于中庸的解释。
《说文》:“庸,用也。
”中庸即用中,指随时运用中的原则,处事恰如其分。
孔子尝说:“过犹不及。
”(《论语·先进》)后儒解释中庸为“无过无不及”,是正确的。
④“中庸”观念包含一种认识,即许多事情都有一定限度,超过了这个限度,就和没有达到这个限度一样。
这就是“过犹不及”。
有些事情,确实如此。
如饮食衣着以及睡眠之类,确实是“过犹不及”。
但是,许多事情的限度是随时代的演进而改变的。
例如所谓“君臣之义”,过去认为是必须遵守、不可逾越的。
但是近代西方资产阶级打倒了君权,使人类历史大大前进了一步。
又如中国封建时代排斥所谓奇技淫巧,阻碍了自然科学的进展;近代西方实证科学长足进步,技术远远超过了前代,促进了文化的高度发展。
在历史上,在一定的范围内,超越传统的限度,往往可以实现巨大的飞跃。
如果固守“过犹不及”的中道,就不可能大步前进了。
因此,“中庸”观念,虽然在过去曾经广泛流传,但是实际上不能起推动文化发展的作用。
所以,我认为,不能把“中庸”看做中国文化的基本精神。
⑤近代西方国家都宣扬自己的民族精神。
如法国人民鼓吹法兰西精神,德国人民提倡日耳曼精神等等。
中华民族必有作为民族文化的指导原则的中华精神。
古往今来,这个精神得到发扬,文化就进步;这个精神得不到发扬,文化就落后。
正确认识这个民族精神之所在,是非常必要的。
1.本文认为中庸是指一种修养境界,以下不属于其依据的一项是()A.孔子提出“中庸之为德”,而没有说“中庸之为道”,足证中庸是指一种修养境界。
B.孔子在《论语·雍也》中对于中庸的含义无所解释,可以推测中庸是指一种修养境界。
C.孔子在《子路》中说:“不得中行而与之,必也狂狷乎!”中行应与中庸同义,是较高的品德。
D.孟子说:“孔子不得中道而与之,必也狂狷乎!”中道与中行和中庸含义相同,指高于狂狷的修养境界。
2.下面对“中庸”的解说,不正确的一项是()A.《中庸》说:“执其两端,用其中于民。
”所谓执两用中就是对于中庸的解释。
B.《说文》:“庸,用也。
”中庸即用中,指随时运用中的原则,处事恰如其分。
C.中庸就是孔子在《论语·先进》中所说的“过犹不及”。
D.后儒提出“无过无不及”,这是对中庸的正确解释。
3.下列表述符合原文意思的一项是()A.中庸就是在两个极端之间寻求适中的方法,既不要“过”也不要“不及”,这个观念是孔子提出的。
B.所有事情都有限度,超过了这个限度,就和没有达到一样,这就是“过犹不及”。
C.在历史上,只有超越传统的限度,才可以实现巨大的飞跃。
固守中道,就不可能前进。
D.作者认为,“中庸”观念虽然在过去曾经广泛流传,但是实际上不能起推动文化发展的作用。
【答案】1.B 2.C 3.D【解析】【1题详解】本题考查学生对文本内容的筛选和分析概括能力。
解答此类题,首先应浏览选项的内容,然后到文中找到相关的句子,最后进行对比辨析,判断正误。
本题要求选出“本文认为中庸是指一种修养境界,以下不属于其依据的一项是”。
B项,由“对于中庸的含义无所解释”推测不出“中庸是指一种修养境界”,强加因果关系。
故选B。
【2题详解】本题考查理解文中重要概念的含义。
解题时,要注意将选项代入原文进行比照。
主要看选项与原文所阐述的概念的本质特征是否一致;如果改变了,则要看是语言形式改变了,还是概念的本质特征改变了。
然后,做出准确判断和选择。
C项,“过犹不及”能够体现出中庸的思想,但不能说“中庸就是孔子在《论语•先进》中所说的‘过犹不及’”,犯了以偏概全的毛病。
故选C。
【3题详解】本题考查把握文章内容要点和作者观点态度的能力。
先要对作品有整体的了解和准确的把握。
要善于抓住关键语句,理解作品内容,把握作者观点。
解答本题,可将各选项表述同文本相关内容加以比照,确定答案。
A项,曲解了原文,“中庸”观念是孔子提出的,但他对于中庸的含义无所解释。
B项,“所有事情都有限度”与原文不符,扩大了概念的范围,应为“许多事情都有一定限度”。
C项,首先缺少前提“在一定的范围内”,另外“只有……才”的表述太绝对化。
故选D。
(二)现代文阅读(13分)。
孔孟(有删节)黄仁宇①在儒家的传统中,孔孟总是形影相随,既有大成至圣,则有亚圣。
既有《论语》,则有《孟子》。
孔曰“成仁”,孟曰“取义”,他们的宗旨也始终相配合。
《史记》说:“孟子序诗书,述仲尼之意。
”今人冯友兰,也把孔子比做苏格拉底,把孟子比做柏拉图。
②但是我们仔细比较他们,却也发现很多不相同的地方。
最明显的,《论语》中所叙述的孔子,有一种轻松愉快的感觉,不如孟子凡事紧张。
所以大成至圣能够以“君子坦荡荡”的风格,避免“小人常戚戚”的态度去保持他的悠闲。
孔子令门人言志,只有曾皙最得他的赞许。
而曾皙所说的,大致等于我们今天的郊游和野餐,“暮春者,春服既成,冠者五六人,童子六七人,浴乎沂,风乎舞雩,咏而归”。
与这种态度截然相对的是孟子“生于忧患,死于安乐”的主张。
孔子还说饭菜不做好,这样不吃那样不吃,衣服也要色彩裁剪都合式。
孟子却毫不忌讳地提出“庖有肥肉,厩有肥马,民有饥色,野有饿莩”。
而且“老羸转乎沟壑,壮者散之四方”等辞句也经常出现在他的嘴中。
③孔子没有直接的提到人之性善或性恶。
《论语》之中,“仁”字出现了66次,没有两个地方解释完全相同。
但是他既说出虽为圣贤,仍要经常警惕才能防范不仁的话,可见他认为性恶来自先天。
他又说“观过,斯知仁矣”,好像这纠正错误,促使自己为善的能力,虽系主动的,但仍要由内外观察而产生。
孟子则没有这样犹疑。
他曾斩钉截铁的说出:“人性之善也,犹水之就下也;人无有不善,水无有不下。
”孔子自己承认,他一生学习,到70岁才能随心所欲不逾矩。
孟子的自信,则可以由他自己所说“我善养吾浩然之气”的一句话里看出。
这种道德力量,经他解释,纯系内在的由自我产生。
所以他说:“舜何人也,予何人也,有为者亦若是。
”也就是宣示人人都能做圣贤。
④孔子对“礼”非常尊重。
孔子虽然称赞管仲对国事有贡献,但仍毫不迟疑地攻击他器用排场超过人臣的限度。
颜渊是孔子的得意门徒,他死时孔子痛哭流涕,然而孔子却根据“礼”的原则反对颜渊厚葬;又因为“礼”的需要,孔子见南子,使子路感到很不高兴。
孔子虽不喜欢阳货的为人,但为了礼尚往来,他仍想趁着阳货不在家的时候去回拜他。
孟子就没有这样的耐性。
齐宣王称病,他也称病。
他见了梁襄王,出来就说:“望之不似人君。
”鲁平公没有来拜访他,他也不去见鲁平公。
他对各国国君的赠仪,或受或不受,全出己意。
他做了齐国的吊丧正使,出使滕国,却始终不对副使谈及出使一事。
⑤这中间的不同,不能说与孔孟二人的个性无关。
或许《论语》与《孟子》两部书的取材记载不同,也有影响。
但是至圣和亚圣,相去约两百年,中国的局势,已起了很大的变化。
孟子说“此一时也,彼一时也”,这八个字正好可以用来说明他们之间的距离。
4.下列对原文的赏析,正确的两项是()A.文章由儒家学派的两位著名代表孔子和孟子的传承落笔,用比较具体的论据证明了“孔孟总是形影相随”这一主旨。
B.文章第②段用“但是”转入比较孔孟的不同,主要用例证法,论据充足,有说服力。
C.文章第③段说孟子没有孔子“犹疑”,主张性善来自先天,“斩钉截铁”用得形象而准确。
D.文章第④段举四个例子来证明孔子的观点,采用例证法,给人以真实感。
E.造成孔子和孟子思想言行不同的最主要原因是二人所处时代的局势“起了很大的变化。
”5.课文第②段说“孟子凡事紧张”,“紧张”一词含义是什么?6.孔子和孟子有很多不相同的地方,根据文意,分三点对此概括说明。
【答案】4.CE 5.所谓“紧张”,是指为尖锐、凶险的社会矛盾而生出的忧虑、痛心的情绪。
6.(1)在态度方面,孔子“轻松愉快”“坦荡”“悠闲”,孟子则“凡事紧张”;(2)在人性善恶方面,孔子认为性恶来自先天,孟子则主张性善论;(3)在“礼”方面,孔子非常重视“礼”,孟子对“礼”则不大重视。
【解析】【4题详解】本题考查理解并分析文中重要内容和论点、论据和论证方法的能力。
首先浏览选项,然后到文中找到与选项相关的语句,进行比较、辨析。
解答理解和分析题要辨明检索区间,确定对应语句;联系上下文体会,要死抠字眼,寻找细微的差别。
答题论点、论据和论证方法,先要逐项审查每一个选项有几个分句,分句与分句之间是什么关系,一般的有因果、条件、假设、目的等关系。
然后比对每一分句的意义在原文是否有依据,分句与分句之间的逻辑关系在原文中是否有依据。
A项,“证明了‘孔孟总是形影相随’这一主旨”错,该项对选文的主旨分析有误。
根据原文主要内容分析,用比较具体的论据阐释了孔孟在思想行为等方面的不同。
B项,“例证法”错,对论证方法分析有误,主要运用正反对比法。
D项,选文第四节举四个例子证明的是作者的是作者的观点。
故选AB。
【5题详解】本题考查理解重要概念的含意的能力。
解答此类题,首先要通读文章,整体把握文章内容,在此基础上回归文本,根据题目要求确定答题区域,仔细阅读,从中筛选出符合题目要求的信息,进行整合概括,回答问题。
本题,这道题的答题区间主要在第②段,精读第②段。
该节主要内容是比较孔子和孟子的不同,回答作者说孟子“紧张”的意思,可以从阐述孟子的语句中提取概括,还要从对孔子的看法和事例的反面概括出“紧张”的内涵。
本节说“孟子却毫不忌讳地提出‘庖有肥肉,厩有肥马,民有饥色,野有饿莩’。
而且“老羸转乎沟壑,壮者散之四方”,句中“庖有肥肉,厩有肥马,民有饥色,野有饿莩”的意思是厨房里有肥嫩的肉,马棚里有健壮的马,(可是)老百姓却面带饥色,野外有饿死的尸体。
“老羸转乎沟壑,壮者散之四方”的意思是年老体弱的死了暴尸沟壑,年青力壮的背井离乡。