知识点归类(五类)

知识点归类（五类）
[现在进行时态(动名词ing形式)的变化规则]
1.直接+ ing (例：sleep—sleeping)
2.去掉不发音的e再加ing (例：write—writing; skate—skating)
3.重读闭音节，且末尾只有1个辅音字母，双写辅音字母再加ing (例：sit— sitting; run —running; swim—swimming )
在这学期我们学习讲一个人的爱好, 在动词like后面需要用动词ing 形式,同学们也需要注意。

【动词第三人称单数的变化规则及发音规律】
动词原形变第三人称单数的规则与发音规律同名词单数变复数大致相同，请认真观察。

1、大多数动词在词尾加“S”在清辅音后发音为[s]，在浊辅音及元音后发音为[z]。

如：
①stop－stops [s] ; make－makes [s]
②read－reads [z] ; play－plays [z] ；stay －stays [z]
2、以辅音字母加“y”结尾的，要先将“y”变为“i”，然后在加“es”读[iz] 如：fly－flies [iz] ；carry－carries [iz]
study－studies[iz] ; worry－worries [iz]
3、以“s, x, ch, sh”结尾的，在词尾加“es”，发音为[iz] 如：
teach－teaches [iz]; watch－watches [iz]
4、以“o”结尾的动词，加“es”，读[z] 如：
go－goes [z]；do－does [z]
下面几个动词变化时，请注意记忆。

如：
1、do [du:]－does [dz]
2、say [sei]－says [sez]
[名词：单数名词变成复数名词]
归类1)单数名词加s: students, apples, bags, trees, books
2)以s、x、sh、ch结尾的名词加es: glasses, boxes, brushes
3)以辅音字母加y结尾的名词，变y为i加es: cities, babies
4)以f或fe结尾的名词，多数变f为v再加es: leaf--- leaves, knife---knives
5)以o结尾的名词，有些加es: Negroes, heroes, tomatoes, potatoes. 其它直接加s: radios, pianos, photos.
6)不规则名词：foot→feet, goose→geese, tooth→teeth,
child→children, man→men, woman→women, sheep→sheep, deer→deer, mouse→mice.
[同音异形词]
to →too two son→sun sea→see bee→be
know→no meet→meat by→buy their→there
one→won pair→pear week→weak wear→where
right→write board→bored here→hear deer→dear
[缩写形式]
let us= let’s I would like =I’d like I will = I’ll
can’t = can not won’t = will not haven’t = have not
don’t =do not does n’t = does not
练习题：
1.动词ing
have---having make---making drive--- driving come---coming dive---diving skate---skating ride--- riding leave----leaving use---using take---taking write---writing run----running cut----cutting sit---sitting swim---swimming put---putting get ---getting dig ----digging stop---stopping
2.单数形式变成复数形式
goose---geese foot---feet woman---women tomato---tomatoes leaf---leaves bus----buses box---boxes glass---glasses
hero----heroes potato---potatoes baby----babies boy---boys knife---knives photo---photos tooth---teeth butterfly----butterflies child---children sheep--- sheep man---men deer--- deer
mouse---mice
3.第三人称单数形式
read---reads go---goes dive---dives teach---teaches catch---catches watch---watches buy---buys do---does
stay ---stays fly ---flies say---says。