2011年真题背诵资料打印

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2011年英语专业四级真题 word版可打印

TEST FOR ENGLISH MAJORS (2011)-GRADE FOUR-TIME LIMIT: 135 MINPART I DICTATION [15 MIN]Listen to the following passage. Altogether the passage will be read to you four times. During the first reading, which will be done at normal speed, listen and try to understand the meaning. For the second and third readings, the passage will be read sentence by sentence, or phrase by phrase, with intervals of 15 seconds. The last reading will be done at normal speed again and during this time you should check your work. You will then be given 2 minutes to check through your work once more.Please write the whole passage on ANSWER SHEET ONE.PART II LISTENING COMPREHENSION [20 MIN]In Sections A, B and C you will hear everything ONCE ONLY Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the best answer to each question on Answer Sheet Two.SECTION A CONVERSATIONSIn this section you will hear several conversations. Listen to the conversations carefully and then answer the questions that follow.Questions 1 to 3 are based on the following conversation. At the end of the conversation, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions.Now, listen to the conversation.1. Which of the statements about the auto show is INCORRECT?A. The show will have more stands this year.B. The show will have more visitors this year.C. The number of overseas visitors will be the same this year.D. The number of exhibition days will be the same this year.2. According to the conversation, the price for a stand would include _____.A. a catalogueB. a posterC. two desksD. four chairs3. During the conversation, the man seems to be more interested in _____.A. the size of the showB. the cost of the standC. the basic furnitureD. the visitor numberQuestions 4 to 7 are based on the following conversation. At the end of the conversation, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions.Now, listen to the conversation.4. What is Jim interested in?A. Investing in the company's product.B. Buying a new educational computer.C. Joining the computer company.D. Reading the campaign plan.5. The advertisements will be placed in all the following EXCEPT _____.A. family magazinesB. Sunday newspapersC. morning televisionD. teenage magazines6. The advertisements are intended to be seen by _____.A. parents onlyB. children onlyC. school teachersD. whole families7. Linda sounds _____ about the success of the campaign plan.A. confidentB. hesitantC. uncertainD. delightedQuestions 8 to 10 are based on the following conversation. At the end of the conversation, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions.Now, listen to the conversation.8. John has worked in all the following places EXCEPT _____.A. a book shopB. a paper factoryC. a schoolD. a fast-food restaurant9. From the conversation, we learn that John _____.A. has no interestB. has only one interestC. has two interestsD. has quite a few interests10. Sue Green seems to be more interested in John's experience of ____.A. working in a paper factoryB. working in a youth clubC. looking after his brother and sisterD. looking after his young friends SECTION B PASSAGESIn this section, you will hear several passages. Listen to the passages carefully and then answer the questions that follow.Questions 11 to 13 are based on the following passage. At the end of the passage, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions.Now, listen to the passage.11. According to the passage, the average age of the fleet of Delta/Northwest is _____.A. 10 yearsB. 14 yearsC. 16 yearsD. 20 years.12. It can be learned from the passage that _____.A. air journeys are quite often far from comfortableB. air travellers usually enjoy luxury during flightC. air travellers usually enjoy upgraded conditionsD. airlines always provide good in-flight entertainment13. Older planes can stay safe for more than 25 years because of the following EXCEPT _____.A. new enginesB. strong materialsC. proper maintenanceD. new interiorQuestions 14 to 17 are based on the following passage. At the end of the passage, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions.Now, listen to the passage.14. Which job will involve supervising workers using dangerous equipment?A. Assistant site manager.B. Carpenter supervisor.C. Assembly supervisor.D. Automobile service station manager.15. Who will also decide on the prices of products and services?A. Airlines' flight service manager.B. Automobile service station manager.C. Assistant site manager.D. Carpenter supervisor.16. Who may also do some of the work he supervises?A. Assistant site manager.B. Airlines' flight service manager.C. Assembly supervisor.D. Carpenter supervisor.17. Which job offers the highest salary?A. Assistant site manager.B. Automobile service station manager.C. Carpenter supervisor.D. Airlines' flight service manager.Questions 18 to 20 are based on the following passage. At the end of the passage, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions.Now, listen to the passage.18. Where were the two men filmed?A. In the jewelry shop.B. In the City Mall.C. Near the lorry.D. In the parking lot.19. Witnesses saw the two men _____.A. leave the lorry together.B. leave the lorry without hoods.C. run back to the lorry separately.D. run back to the lorry without hoods.20. Which of the following details is CORRECT?A. The lorry was originally painted white.B. The lorry had no registration plates.C. The shorter man was the passenger.D. The taller man was the driver.SECTION C NEWS BROADCASTIn this section, you will hear several news items. Listen to them carefully and then answer the questions that follow.Questions 21 and 22 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions.Now, listen to the news.21. What did NASA's Constellation Programme originally plan to do?A. To set up a moon colony by 2020.B. To send astronauts again to the moon by 2020.C. To continue the current shuttle missions till 2020.D. To create more jobs for NASA till 2020.22. NASA's Constellation Programme would be cancelled mainly because _____.A. there were more important space missions.B. the space agency lacked funding for the programme.C. the current shuttle missions would continue.D. Congress failed to pass President Obama's budget.Questions 23 and 24 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions.Now, listen to the news.23. The Russian cargo ship was sinking. What was the direct cause?A. No explanation of the problem.B. Long distance away from land.C. Slow rescue efforts.D. Severe weather.24. Which of the following was NOT mentioned as a possible means of rescue?A. Aircraft.B. Tugboat.C. Nearby cargo ship.D. Vessels at the oil rig.Questions 25 and 26 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions.Now, listen to the news.25. Why did the singers meet in Hollywood?A. To raise money for African humanitarian efforts.B. To raise money for Haitian earthquake victims.C. To sing in memory of Michael Jackson.D. To make a recording of the original version of the song.26. Which of the following details about the news is INCORRECT?A. The organizer is one of the co-writers of the first songB. Singers will use the same recording studio as in 1985.C. The recording session is expected to last long.D. Stars from the original version will take part.Questions 27 and 28 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions.Now, listen to the news.27. The additional 2 billion dollars will mainly be used to _____.A. upgrade its network capacityB. improve customer servicesC. develop new productsD. market more iPhones28. Where does AT&T face difficulties in particular?A. Nationwide.B. Overseas.C. In large cities.D. In remote towns.Questions 29 and 30 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions.Now, listen to the news.29. Where is the presence of security patrols most evident?A. Where matches take place.B. Where protests may take place.C. In downtown Vancouver.D. Around the athletes' village.30. What is this news item mainly about?A. Political protests during the Olympics.B. Security operations during the Olympics.C. Olympics' security forces.D. Security measures in buildings.PART III CLOZE [15 MIN]Decide which of the choices given below would best complete the passage if inserted in the corresponding blanks. Mark the best choice for each blank on Answer Sheet Two. "Congratulations, Mr. Cooper. It's a girl."Fatherhood is going to have a different meaning and (31) _____ a different response from every man who hears these words. Some feel (32) _____ when they receive the news, (33) _____ others worry, wondering whether they will be good fathers. (34) _____ there are some men who like children and may have had (35) experience with them, others do not particularly (36) _____ children and spend little time with them. Many fathers and mothers have been planning and looking forward to children for some time. (37) _____ other couples, pregnancy was an accident that both husband and wife have (38) _____ willingly or unwillingly.Whatever the (39) _____ to the birth of a child, it is obvious the shift from the role of husband to (40) _____ of a father is a difficult task. (41) _____, unfortunately, few attempts have been made to (42) _____ fathers in this resocialization (43) _____. Although numerous books have been written about mothers, (44) _____ recently has literature focused on the (45) _____ of a father.It is argued that the transition to the father's role, although difficult, is not (46) _____ as great as the transition the wife must (47) _____ to the mother's role. The mother's role seems to require a complete (48) _____ in daily routine. (49) _____, the father's role is less demanding and (50) _____.31. A. bring down B. bring forth C. bring off D. bring in32. A. emotional B. sentimental C. bewildered D. proud33. A. while B. when C. if D. as34. A. When B. If C. Although D. Yet35. A. considerate B. considerable C. considering D. considered36. A. care about B. care of C. care with D. care for37. A. For B. Of C. From D. Upon38. A. received B. taken C. accepted D. obtained39. A. reply B. reaction C. readiness D. reality40. A. what B. this C. one D. that41 .A. As a result B. For example C. Yet D. Also42. A. educate B. cultivate C. inform D. convert43. A. step B. process C. point D. time44. A./ B. just C. quite D. only45. A. role B. work C. career D. position46. A. a little B. just C. nearly D. almost47. A. take B. make C. carry D. accept48. A. transformation B. realization C. socialization D. reception49. A. In addition B. Above all C. Generally D. However50. A. current B. immediate C. present D. quickPART IV GRAMMAR & VOCABULARY [15 MIN]There are thirty sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence.Mark your answers on Answer Sheet Two.51. My uncle is quite worn out from years of hard work. He is no longer the man _____ he was fifteen years ago.A. whichB. whomC. whoD. that52. Which of the following sentences is a COMMAND?A. Beg your pardon.B. Have a good time.C. Never do that again!D. What noise you are making!53. Which of the following italicized phrases indicates purpose?A. She said it for fun, but others took her seriously.B. For all its effort, the team didn't win the match.C. Linda has worked for the firm for twenty years.D. He set out for Beijing yesterday.54. When you have finished with the book, don't forget to return it to Tim, _____?A. do youB. will youC. don't youD. won't you55. In phrases like freezing cold, burning hot, or soaking wet, the -ING participle is used _____.A. as a commandB. as a conditionC. for concessionD. for emphasis56. Which of the following italicized phrases is INCORRECT?A. The city is now ten times its original size.B. I wish I had two times his strength.C. The seller asked for double the usual price.D. They come here four times every year.57. It is not so much the language _____ the cultural background that makes the book difficult to understand.A. asB. norC. butD. like58. Which of the following italicized parts is used as an object?A. What do you think has happened to her?B. Who do you think the visiting professor is?C. How much do you think he earns every month?D. How quickly would you say he would come?59. The additional work will take _____ weeks.A. the otherB. another twoC. other twoD. the more60. Which of the following italicized parts is a subject clause (主语从句)?A. We are quite certain that we will get there in time.B. He has to face the fact that there will be no pay rise this year.C. She said that she had seen the man earlier that morning.D. It is sheer luck that the miners are still alive after ten days.61. It's getting late. I'd rather you _____ now.A. leftB. leaveC. are leavingD. will leave62. In the sentence "The manager interviewed Jim himself in the morning", the italicized word is used to modify _____.A. the objectB. the verbC. the subjectD. the prepositional phrase63. There is no doubt _____ the couple did the right thing in coming back home earlier than planned.A. whetherB. thatC. whyD. when64. The sentence that expresses OFFER is _____.A. I'll get some drinks. What'll you have?B. Does she need to book a ticket now?C. May I know your name?D. Can you return the book next week?65. Which of the following italicized phrases indicates a subject-predicate relation (主谓关系)?A. Mr. Smith's passport has been issued.B. The visitor's arrival was reported in the news.C. John's travel details have not been finalized.D. The new bookstore sells children's stories.66. Our office has recently _____ to a new computer system.A. alteredB. convertedC. transformedD. modified67. The crowd went _____ as soon as the singer stepped onto the stage.A. wildB. emotionalC. uncontrolledD. unrestricted68. Our school library is _____ closed for repairs.A. ShortlyB. quicklyC. temporarilyD. rapidly69. John is up to his eves in work at the moment. The underlined part means _____.A. very excitedB. very busyC. very tiredD. very efficient70. Victoria bumped into her brother quite by chance in the supermarket. The underlined word means _____.A. riskB. opportunityC. possibilityD. luck71. "Look at those pretty girls' skirts" is _____, because it is not clear whether the girls or the skirts are "pretty".A. ambiguousB. hiddenC. indirectD. indistinct72. House repairs, holidays, school fees and other _____ have reduced his bank balance to almost nothing.A. amountB. paymentC. expensesD. figures73. It was really _____ of you to remember my birthday.A. gratefulB. thoughtfulC. considerableD. generous74. You can go to a travel agency and ask for a holiday _____.A. introductionB. advertisementC. bookD. brochure75. The city government is building more roads to _____.A. accommodateB. receiveC. acceptD. hold76. They've lifted a two-year-long economic _____ on the country.A. enclosureB. restrictionC. blockadeD. prohibition77. Everyone is surprised that she has fallen out with her boy friend. The underlined part means _____.A. leftB. quarreledC. attackedD. defeated78. His plan is carefully prepared and full of details, so it is a very _____ one.A. elaborateB. refinedC. ambitiousD. complex79. The girl's voice was so low that we could ______ hear her.A. seldomB. almostC. onlyD. barely80. She must have been pretty _____ to fall for such an old trick.A. interestedB. gullibleC. enthusiasticD. shrewdPART V READING COMPREHENSION [25 MIN]In this section there are four passages followed by questions or unfinished statements, each with four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that you think is the best answer.Mark your answers on Answer Sheet Two.TEXT AWe have a crisis on our hands. You mean global warming? The world economy? No, the decline of reading. People are just not doing it anymore, especially the young. Who's responsible? Actually, it's more like, What is responsible? The Internet, of course, and everything that comes with it – Facebook, Twitter (微博). You can write your own list.There's been a warning about the imminent death of literate civilization for a long time. In the 20th century, first it was the movies, then radio, then television that seemed to spell doom for the written world. None did. Reading survived; in fact it not only survived, it has flourished. The world is more literate than ever before – there are more and more readers, and more and more books.The fact that we often get our reading material online today is not something we should worry over.The electronic and digital revolution of the last two decades has arguably shown the way forward for reading and for writing. Take the arrival of e-book readers as an example. Devices like Kindle make reading more convenient and are a lot more environmentally friendly than the traditional paper book. As technology makes new ways of writing possible, new ways of reading are possible. Interconnectivity allows for the possibility of a reading experience that was barely imaginable before. Where traditional books had to make do with photographs and illustrations, an e-book can provide readers with an unlimited number of links: to texts, pictures, and videos. In the future, the way people write novels, history, and philosophy will resemble nothing seen in the past.On the other hand, there is the danger of trivialization. One Twitter group is offering its followers single-sentence-long "digests" of the great novels. War and Peace in a sentence? You must be joking. We should fear the fragmentation of reading. There is the danger that the high-speed connectivity of the Internet will reduce our attention span - that we will be incapable of reading anything of length or which requires deep concentration.In such a fast-changing world, in which reality seems to be remade each day, we need the ability to focus and understand what is happening to us. This has always been the function of literature and we should be careful not to let it disappear. Our society needs to be able to imagine the possibility of someone utterly in tune with modern technology but able to make sense of a dynamic, confusing world.In the 15th century, Johannes Guttenberg's invention of the printing press in Europe had a huge impact on civilization. Once upon a time the physical book was a challenging thing. We should remember this before we assume that technology is out to destroy traditional culture.81. Which of the following paragraphs briefly reviews the historical challenges for reading?A. Paragraph One.B. Paragraph Two.C. Paragraph Three.D. Paragraph Four.82. The following are all cited as advantages of e-books EXCEPT _____.A. multimodal contentB. environmental friendlinessC. convenience for readersD. imaginative design83. Which of the following can best describe how the author feels toward single-sentence-long novels?A. IronicB. Worried.C. Sarcastic.D. Doubtful.84. According to the passage, people need knowledge of modern technology and _____ to survive in the fast-changing society.A. good judgmentB. high sensitivityC. good imaginationD. the ability to focus85. What is the main idea of the passage?A. Technology pushes the way forward for reading and writing.B. Interconnectivity is a feature of new reading experience.C. Technology is an opportunity and a challenge for traditional reading.D. Technology offers a greater variety of reading practice.TEXT BI know when the snow melts and the first robins (知更鸟) come to call, when the laughter of children returns to the parks and playgrounds, something wonderful is about to happen.Spring cleaning.I'll admit spring cleaning is a difficult notion for modern families to grasp. Today's busy families hardly have time to load the dishwasher, much less clean the doormat. Asking the family to spend the weekend collecting winter dog piles from the melting snow in the backyard is like announcing there will be no more Wi-Fi. It interrupts the natural order."Honey, what say we spend the weekend beating the rugs, sorting through the boxes in the basement and painting our bedroom a nice lemony yellow?" I say."Can we at least wait until the NBA matches are over?" my husband answers.But I tell my family, spring cleaning can't wait. The temperature has risen just enough to melt snow but not enough for Little League practice to start. Some flowers are peeking out of the thawing ground, but there is no lawn to seed, nor garden to tend. Newly wakened from our winter's hibernation (冬眠), yet still needing extra blankets at night, we open our windows to the first fresh air floating on thebreeze and all of the natural world demanding "Awake and be clean!"Biologists offer a theory about this primal impulse to clean out every drawer and closet in the house at spring's first light, which has to do with melatonin, the sleepytime hormone (激素) our bodies produce when it's dark. When spring's light comes, the melatonin diminishes, and suddenly we are awakened to the dusty, virus-filled house we've been hibernating in for four months.I tell my family about the science and psychology of a good healthy cleaning at spring's arrival. I speak to them about life's greatest rewards waiting in the removal of soap scum from the bathtub, which hasn't been properly cleaned since the first snowfall."I'll do it," says the eldest child, a 21-year-old college student who lives at home."You will? Wow!" I exclaim.Maybe after all these years, he's finally grasped the concept. Maybe he's expressing his rightful position as eldest child and role model. Or maybe he's going to Florida for a break in a couple of weeks and he's being nice to me who is the financial-aid officer.No matter. Seeing my adult son willingly cleaning that dirty bathtub gives me hope for the future of his 12-year-old brother who, instead of working, is found to be sleeping in the seat of the window he is supposed to be cleaning."Awake and be clean!" I say.86. According to the passage, "...spring cleaning is a difficult notion for modern families to grasp" means that spring cleaning _____.A. is no longer an easy practice to understand.B. is no longer part of modern family life.C. requires more family members to be involved.D. calls for more complicated skills and knowledge.87. Which of the following is LEAST likely to be included in family spring cleaning?A. Beating the rugs.B. Cleaning the window.C. Restoring Wi-Fi services.D. Cleaning the backyard.88. Why does the author say “spring cleaning can't wait”?A. Because there will be more activities when it gets warmer.B. Because the air is fresher and the breeze is lighter.C. Because the whole family is full of energy at spring time.D. Because the snow is melting and the ground is thawing.89. Which of the following interpretations of the biologists' theory about melatonin is INCORRECT?A. The production of melatonin in our bodies varies at different times.B. Melatonin is more likely to cause sleepiness in our bodies.C. The reduction of melatonin will cause wakefulness in our bodies.D. The amount of melatonin remains constant in our bodies.90. Which of the following can best sum up the author's overall reaction to her adult son's positive response to spring cleaning?A. Surprised and skeptical.B. Elated and hesitant.C. Relieved and optimistic.D. Optimistic and hesitant.TEXT CThese days lots of young Japanese do omiai, literally, "meet and look." Many of them do so willingly. In today's prosperous and increasingly conservative Japan, the traditional omiai kekkon, or arranged marriage, is thriving.But there is a difference. In the original omiai, the young Japanese couldn't reject the partner chosen by his parents and their middleman. After World War II, many Japanese abandoned the arranged marriage as part of their rush to adopt the more democratic ways of their American conquerors. The Western ren'ai kekkon, or love marriage, became popular; Japanese began picking their own mates by dating and falling in love.But the Western way was often found wanting in an important respect: it didn't necessarily produce a partner of the right economic, social, and educational qualifications. "Today's young people are quite calculating," says Chieko Akiyama, a social commentator.What seems to be happening now is a repetition of a familiar process in the country's history, the"Japanization" of an adopted foreign practice. The Western ideal of marrying for love is accommodated in a new omiai in which both parties are free to reject the match. "Omiai is evolving into a sort of stylized introduction," Mrs. Akiyama says.Many young Japanese now date in their early twenties, but with no thought of marriage. When they reach the age - in the middle twenties for women, the late twenties for men - they increasingly turn to omiai. Some studies suggest that as many as 40 % of marriages each year are omiai kekkon. It's hard to be sure, say those who study the matter, because many Japanese couples, when polled, describe their marriage as a love match even if it was arranged.These days, doing omiai often means going to a computer matching service rather than to a nakodo. The nakodo of tradition was an old woman who knew all the kids in the neighbourhood and went around trying to pair them off by speaking to their parents; a successful match would bring her a wedding invitation and a gift of money. But Japanese today find it's less awkward to reject a proposed partner if the nakodo is a computer.Japan has about five hundred computer matching services. Some big companies, including Mitsubishi, run one for their employees. At a typical commercial service, an applicant pays $80 to $125 to have his or her personal data stored in the computer for two years and $200 or so more if a marriage results. The stored information includes some obvious items, like education and hobbies, and some not-so-obvious ones, like whether a person is the oldest child. (First sons, and to some extent first daughters, face an obligation of caring for elderly parents.)91. According to the passage, today's young Japanese prefer _____.A. a traditional arranged marriage.B. a new type of arranged marriage.C. a Western love marriage.D. a more Westernized love marriage.92. Which of the following statements is CORRECT?A. A Western love marriage tends to miss some Japanese values.B. Less attention is paid to the partner's qualification in arranged marriages.C. Young Japanese would often calculate their partner's wealth.D. A new arranged marriage is a repetition of the older type.93. According to the passage, the figure 40% (Paragraph Five) is uncertain because _____.A. there has been a big increase in the number of arranged marriages.B. Western love marriage still remains popular among young Japanese.C. young Japanese start dating very early in their life in a Western tradition.D. the tendency for arranged marriages could be stronger than is indicated.94. One of the big differences between a traditional nakodo and its contemporary version lies in the way _____.A. wedding gifts are presented.B. a proposed partner is refused.C. formalities are arranged.D. the middleman/woman is chosen.95. What is the purpose of the last paragraph?A. To tell the differences between an old and modern nakodo.B. To provide some examples for the traditional nakodo.C. To offer more details of the computerized nakodo.D. To sum up the main ideas and provide a conclusion.TEXT DCordia Harrington was tired of standing up all day and smelling like French fries at night. She owned and operated three McDonald's shops in Illinois, but as a divorced mother of three boys, she yearned for a business that would provide for her children and let her spend more time with them.Her lucky moment came, strangely enough, after she was nominated in 1992 to be on the McDonald's bun committee. "The company picked me up in a corporate jet to see bakeries around the world," she recalls. "Every time I went to a meeting, I loved it. This was global!"The experience opened her eyes to business possibilities. When McDonald's decided it wanted a new bun supplier, Harrington became determined to win the contract, even though she had no experience running a bakery.Harrington studied the bakery business and made sure she was never off executives' radar. "If you have a dream, you can't wait for people to call you," she says. "So I'd visit a mill and send them photos。

2011年国考真题答案(全 )

(1)关键词：十七大报告、社会建设正确答案:D答案解析：【答案】D.强化政府服务职能，建设服务型政府(2)关键词：综合国力、正确答案:C答案解析：【答案】C.我国在哥本哈根气候峰会上提出了单位GDP碳减排的量化目标(3)关键词：西部大开发战略正确答案:C答案解析：【答案】C.西部大开发覆盖地域指陕、甘、宁、青、新等西北五省（区）及西藏自治区(4)关键词：能源条件正确答案:B答案解析：【答案】B.富煤、缺油、少气(5)关键词：第六次人口普查正确答案:B答案解析：【答案】B.所取得的数据不得作为对普查对象实施处罚的依据6)关键词：法律规定正确答案:D答案解析：【答案】D.丁村享有选举权的村民有500人，其中300人参与了村委会主任选举，候选人王某、张某和黄某分别获得选票120票、100票和80票，因而王某当选(7)关键词：人大代表选举正确答案:D答案解析：【答案】D.2010年修改的选举法规定，全国人民代表大会代表名额，按照每一代表所代表的城乡人口数2：1的原则，以及保证各地区、各民族、各方面都有适当数量代表的要求进行分配(8)关键词：国防动员法正确答案:D答案解析：【答案】D.全国人民代表大会常务委员会、国家主席(9)关键词：西柏坡时期、先后顺序正确答案： A答案解析：【答案】A.①③②(10)关键词：人类航天史正确答案:D答案解析：【答案】D.载人飞船首次在地球轨道上实现交会和对接是在20世纪60年代(11)关键词：近30年来、前沿技术领域、重大突破正确答案:D答案解析：【答案】D.超大规模集成电路、第三代移动通信、高性能计算机、超级杂交水稻(12)关键词：经济发展现状正确答案:C答案解析：【答案】C.对石油进口的依存度已接近30%(13)关键词：货币升值正确答案:D答案解析：【答案】D.有利于消除贸易逆差(14)关键词：军衔制度正确答案： A答案解析：【答案】A.士兵军衔肩章版面底色有棕绿色、天蓝色、黑色三种(15)关键词：交通建设正确答案： A答案解析：【答案】A.目前国道线采用数字编号，分别以1、2、3、4开头(16)关键词：第三个副省级新区正确答案:C答案解析：【答案】C.重庆两江(17关键词：民族关系正确答案:B答案解析：【答案】B.汉族离不开少数民族，少数民族离不开汉族，少数民族之间也相互离不开(18)关键词：地震正确答案： A答案解析：【答案】A.震源的深度越浅，地震破坏力越大，波及范围也越广(19)关键词：出土文物正确答案： A答案解析：【答案】A.湖南长沙马王堆汉墓出土了素纱禅衣(20)关键词：书法艺术正确答案:B答案解析：【答案】B.唐代书法家颜真卿是楷书四大家之一21)关键词：天文正确答案:B答案解析：【答案】B.四象青龙、白虎、朱雀、玄武分别代表东西南北(22)关键词：京剧正确答案:C答案解析：【答案】C.“梅派”唱腔创始人是京剧艺术大师梅兰芳先生(23)关键词：文学艺术和建筑遗产、同一大州正确答案： A答案解析：【答案】A.最后的晚餐雕塑“思想者”雕塑大卫(24)关键词：日常生活正确答案:D答案解析：【答案】D.家中遇煤气泄漏事件应立即使用房间的电话报警(25)关键词：生活常识正确答案:C答案解析：【答案】C.按照建筑采光要求，相同高度的住宅群，昆明的应比哈尔滨的大(26)劝学正确答案： A答案解析：【答案】A。

2011英语二真题及参考答案(打印版) 无水印版

2011年硕士研究生入学考试2011英语二真题及参考答案Section I Use of EnglishDirections：Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered black and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)The Internet affords anonymity to its users, a blessing to privacy and freedom of speech. But that very anonymity is also behind the explosion of cyber-crime that has 1 across the Web.Can privacy be preserved 2 bringing safety and security to a world that seems increasingly 3 ?Last month, Howard Schmidt, the nation’s cyber-czar, offered the federal government a 4 to make the Web a safer place-a “voluntary trusted identity” system that would be the high-tech 5 of a physical key, a fingerprint and a photo ID card, all rolled 6 one. The system might use a smart identity card, or a digital credential 7 to a specific computer .and would authenticate users at a range of online services.The idea is to 8 a federation of private online identity systems. User could 9 which system to join, and only registered users whose identities have been authenticated could navigate those systems. The approach contrasts with one that would require an Internet driver’s license 10 by the government.Google and Microsoft are among companies that already have these“single sign-on”systems that make it possible for users to11 just once but use many different services.12 .the approach would create a “walled garden” n cyberspace, with safe “neighborhoods” and bright “streetlights” to establish a sense of a 13 community.Mr. Schmidt described it as a “voluntary ecosystem” in which “individuals and organizations can complete online transactions with 14 ,trusting the identities of each other and the identities of the infrastructure 15 which the transaction runs”.Still, the administration’s plan has 16 privacy rights activists. Some applaud the approach; others are concerned. It seems clear that such a scheme is an initiative push toward what would 17 be a compulsory Internet “drive’s license” mentality.The plan has also been greeted with 18 by some computer security experts, who worry that the “voluntary ecosystem”envisioned by Mr. Schmidt would still leave much of the Internet 19 .They argue that all Internet users should be 20 to register and identify themselves, in the same way that drivers must be licensed to drive on public roads.1． A.swept B.skipped C.walked D.ridden2． A.for B.within C.while D.though3． A.careless wless C.pointless D.helpless4． A.reason B.reminder promise D.proposal5． rmation B.interference C.entertainment D.equivalent6． A.by B.into C.from D.over7． A.linked B.directed C.chained pared8． A.dismiss B.discover C.create D.improve9． A.recall B.suggest C.select D.realize10． A.relcased B.issued C.distributed D.delivered11． A.carry on B.linger on C.set in D.log in12． A.In vain B.In effect C.In return D.In contrast13． A.trusted B.modernized c.thriving peting14． A.caution B.delight C.confidence D.patience15． A.on B.after C.beyond D.across16． A.divided B.disappointed C.protected D.united17． A.frequestly B.incidentally C.occasionally D.eventually18． A.skepticism B.relerance C.indifference D.enthusiasm19． A.manageable B.defendable C.vulnerable D.invisible20． A.invited B.appointed C.allowed D.forcedSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions after each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40points)Text 1Ruth Simmons joined Goldman Sachs’s board as an outside director in January 2000: a year later she became president of Brown University. For the rest of the decade she apparently managed both roles without attracting much eroticism. But by the end of 2009 Ms. Simmons was under fire for having sat on Goldman’s compensation committee; how could she have let those enormous bonus payouts pass unremarked? By February the next year Ms. Simmons had left the board. The position was just taking up too much time, she said.Outside directors are supposed to serve as helpful, yet less biased, advisers on a firm’s board. Having made their wealth and their reputations elsewhere, they presumably have enough independence to disagree with the chief executive’s proposals. If the sky, and the share price is falling, outside directors should be able to give advice based on having weathered their own crises.The researchers from Ohio University used a database hat covered more than 10,000 firms and more than 64,000 different directors between 1989 and 2004. Then they simply checked which directors stayed from one proxy statement to the next. The most likely reason for departing a board was age, so the researchers concentrated on those “surprise” disappearances by directors under the age of 70. They fount that after a surprise departure, the probability that the company will subsequently have to restate earnings increased by nearly 20%. The likelihood of being named in a federal class-action lawsuit also increases, and the stock is likely to perform worse. The effect tended to be larger for larger firms. Although a correlation between them leaving and subsequent bad performance at the firm is suggestive, it does not mean that such directors are always jumping off a sinking ship. Often they “trade up.” Leaving riskier, smaller firms for larger and more stable firms.But the researchers believe that outside directors have an easier time of avoiding a blow to their reputations if they leave a firm before bad news breaks, even if a review of history shows they were on the board at the time any wrongdoing occurred. Firms who want to keep their outside directors through tough times may have to create incentives. Otherwise outside directors will follow the example of Ms. Simmons, once again very popular on campus.21. According to Paragraph 1, Ms. Simmons was criticizedfor .[A]gaining excessive profits[B]failing to fulfill her duty[C]refusing to make compromises[D]leaving the board in tough times22. We learn from Paragraph 2 that outside directors aresupposed to be .[A]generous investors[B]unbiased executives[C]share price forecasters[D]independent advisers23. According to the researchers from Ohio University after anoutside director’s surprise departure, the firm is likelyto .[A]become more stable[B]report increased earnings[C]do less well in the stock market[D]perform worse in lawsuits24. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that outsidedirectors .[A]may stay for the attractive offers from the firm[B]have often had records of wrongdoings in the firm[C]are accustomed to stress-free work in the firm[D]will decline incentives from the firm25. The author’s attitude toward the role of outside directorsis .[A]permissive[B]positive[C]scornful[D]criticalText 2Whatever happened to the death of newspaper? A year ago the end seemed near. The recession threatened to remove the advertising and readers that had not already fled to the internet. Newspapers like the San Francisco Chronicle were chronicling their own doom. America’s Federal Trade commission launched a round of talks about how to save newspapers. Should they become charitable corporations? Should the state subsidize them ? It will hold another meeting soon. But the discussions now seem out of date.In much of the world there is the sign of crisis. German and Brazilian papers have shrugged off the recession. Even American newspapers, which inhabit the most troubled come of the global industry, have not only survived but often returned to profit. Not the 20% profit margins that were routine a few years ago, but profit all the same.It has not been much fun. Many papers stayed afloat by pushing journalists overboard. The American Society of News Editors reckons that 13,500 newsroom jobs have gone since 2007. Readers are paying more for slimmer products. Some papers even had the nerve to refuse delivery to distant suburbs. Yet these desperate measures have proved the right ones and, sadly for many journalists, they can be pushed further.Newspapers are becoming more balanced businesses, with a healthier mix of revenues from readers and advertisers. American papers have long been highly unusual in their reliance on ads. Fully 87% of their revenues came from advertising in 2008, according to the Organization for Economic Cooperation & Development (OECD). In Japan the proportion is 35%. Not surprisingly, Japanese newspapers are much more stable.The whirlwind that swept through newsrooms harmed everybody, but much of the damage has been concentrated in areas where newspaper are least distinctive. Car and film reviewers have gone. So have science and general business reporters. Foreign bureaus have been savagely cut off. Newspapers are less complete as a result. But completeness is no longer a virtue in the newspaper business.26. By saying “Newspapers like … their own doom” (Lines3-4, Para. 1), the author indicates thatnewspaper .[A]neglected the sign of crisis[B]failed to get state subsidies[C]were not charitable corporations[D]were in a desperate situation27. Some newspapers refused delivery to distant suburbsprobably because .[A]readers threatened to pay less[B]newspapers wanted to reduce costs[C]journalists reported little about these areas[D]subscribers complained about slimmer products28. Compared with their American counterparts, Japanesenewspapers are much more stable because they .[A]have more sources of revenue[B]have more balanced newsrooms[C]are less dependent on advertising[D]are less affected by readership29. What can be inferred from the last paragraph about thecurrent newspaper business?[A]Distinctiveness is an essential feature of newspapers.[B]Completeness is to blame for the failure of newspaper.[C]Foreign bureaus play a crucial role in the newspaperbusiness.[D]Readers have lost their interest in car and film reviews.30. The most appropriate title for this text would be .[A]American Newspapers: Struggling for Survival[B]American Newspapers: Gone with the Wind[C]American Newspapers: A Thriving Business[D]American Newspapers: A Hopeless StoryText 3We tend to think of the decades immediately following World War II as a time of prosperity and growth, with soldiers returning home by the millions, going off to college on the G. I. Bill and lining up at the marriage bureaus.But when it came to their houses, it was a time of common sense and a belief that less could truly be more. During the Depression and the war, Americans had learned to live with less, and that restraint, in combination with the postwar confidence in the future, made small, efficient housing positively stylish.Economic condition was only a stimulus for the trend toward efficient living. The phrase “less is more” was actually first popularized by a German, the architect Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, who like other people associated with the Bauhaus, a school of design, emigrated to the United States before World War IIand took up posts at American architecture schools. These designers came to exert enormous influence on the course of American architecture, but none more so that Mies.Mies’s signature phrase means that less decoration, properly organized, has more impact that a lot. Elegance, he believed, did not derive from abundance. Like other modern architects, he employed metal, glass and laminated wood-materials that we take for granted today buy that in the 1940s symbolized the future. Mies’s sophisticated presentation masked the fact that the spaces he designed were small and efficient, rather than big and often empty.The apartments in the elegant towers Mies built on Chicago’s Lake Shore Drive, for example, were smaller-two-bedroom units under 1,000 square feet-than those in their older neighbors along the city’s Gold Coast. But they were popular because of theirairy glass walls, the views they afforded and the elegance of the buildings’ details and proportions, the architectural equivalent of the abstract art so popular at the time.The trend toward “less” was not entirely foreign. In the 1930s Frank Lloyd Wright started building more modest and efficient houses-usually around 1,200 square feet-than the spreading two-story ones he had designed in the 1890s and the early 20th century.The “Case Study Houses” commissioned from talented modern architects by California Arts & Architecture magazine between 1945 and 1962 were yet another homegrown influence on the “less is more” trend. Aesthetic effect came from the landscape, new materials and forthright detailing. In his Case Study House, Ralph everyday life – few American families acquired helicopters, though most eventually got clothes dryers – but his belief that self-sufficiency was both desirable and inevitable was widely shared.31. The postwar American housing style largely reflected theAmericans’.[A]prosperity and growth[B]efficiency and practicality[C]restraint and confidence[D]pride and faithfulness32. Which of the following can be inferred from Paragraph 3about Bauhaus?[A]It was founded by Ludwig Mies van der Rohe.[B]Its designing concept was affected by World War II.[C]Most American architects used to be associated with it.[D]It had a great influence upon American architecture.33. Mies held that elegance of architectural design .[A]was related to large space[B]was identified with emptiness[C]was not reliant on abundant decoration[D]was not associated with efficiency34. What is true about the apartments Mies building Chicago’sLake Shore Drive?[A]They ignored details and proportions.[B]They were built with materials popular at that time.[C]They were more spacious than neighboring buildings.[D]They shared some characteristics of abstract art.35. What can we learn about the design of the “Case StudyHouse”?[A]Mechanical devices were widely used.[B]Natural scenes were taken into consideration[C]Details were sacrificed for the overall effect.[D]Eco-friendly materials were employed.Text 4Will the European Union make it? The question would have sounded strange not long ago. Now even the project’s greatest cheerleaders talk of a continent facing a “Bermuda triangle” of debt, population decline and lower growth.As well as those chronic problems, the EU face an acute crisis in its economic core, the 16 countries that use the single currency. Markets have lost faith that the euro zone’s economies, weaker or stronger, will one day converge thanks to the discipline of sharing a single currency, which denies uncompetitive members the quick fix of devaluation.Yet the debate about how to save Europe’s single currency from disintegration is stuck. It is stuck because the euro zone’s dominant powers, France and Germany, agree on the need for greater harmonization within the euro zone, but disagree about what to harmonies.Germany thinks the euro must be saved by stricter rules on borrow spending and competitiveness, barked by quasi-automatic sanctions for governments that do not obey. These might include threats to freeze EU funds for poorer regions and EUmega-projects and even the suspension of a country’s voting rights in EU ministerial councils. It insists that economic co-ordination should involve all 27 members of the EU club, among whom there is a small majority for free-market liberalism and economic rigour; in the inner core alone, Germany fears, a small majority favour French interference.A “southern” camp headed by French wants something different: ”European economic government” within an inner core of euro-zone members. Translated, that means politicians intervening in monetary policy and a system of redistribution from richer to poorer members, via cheaper borrowing for governments through common Eurobonds or complete fiscal transfers. Finally, figures close to the France government have murmured, curo-zone members should agree to some fiscal and social harmonization: e.g., curbing competition in corporate-tax rates or labour costs.It is too soon to write off the EU. It remains the world’s largest trading block. At its best, the European project is remarkably liberal: built around a single market of 27 rich and poor countries, its internal borders are far more open to goods, capital and labour than any comparable trading area. It is an ambitious attempt to blunt the sharpest edges of globalization, and make capitalism benign.36. The EU is faced with so many problems that . [A] it has more or less lost faith in markets[B] even its supporters begin to feel concerned[C] some of its member countries plan to abandon euro[D] it intends to deny the possibility of devaluation37. The debate over the EU’s single currency is stuck becausethe dominant powers .[A] are competing for the leading position[B] are busy handling their own crises[C] fail to reach an agreement on harmonization[D] disagree on the steps towards disintegration38. To solve the euro problem ,Germany proposedthat .[A] EU funds for poor regions be increased[B] stricter regulations be imposed[C] only core members be involved in economicco-ordination[D] voting rights of the EU members be guaranteed39. The French proposal of handling the crisis implies that ____.［A］poor countries are more likely to get funds［B］strict monetary policy will be applied to poor countries ［C］loans will be readily available to rich countries［D］rich countries will basically control Eurobonds40. Regarding the future of the EU, the author seems to feel ____.［A］pessimistic［B］desperate［C］conceited［D］hopeful46．Direction：In this section there is a text in English. Translate it into Chinese, write your translation on ANSWER SHEET 2. (15points)Who would have thought that, globally, the IT industry produces about the same volumes of greenhouse gases as the world’s airlines do-rough 2 percent of all CO2 emissions?Many everyday tasks take a surprising toll on the environment. A Google search can leak between 0.2 and 7.0 grams of CO2 depending on how many attempts are needed to get the “right” answer. To deliver results to its users quickly, then, Google has to maintain vast data centres round the world, packed with powerful computers. While producing large quantities of CO2, these computers emit a great deal of heat, so the centres need to be well air-conditioned, which uses even more energy.However, Google and other big tech providers monitor their efficiency closely and make improvements. Monitoring is the first step on the road to reduction, but there is much to be done, and not just by big companies.Part BDirections:Read the following text and answer the questions by finding information from the right column that corresponds to each of the marked details given in the left column. There are two extra choices in the right column. Mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)小作文参考答案【曲静老师版】Dear Li Ming,We are very happy to know that you have successfully passed the college entrance examination this year and have been admitted into Peking University. Allow us to give our most sincere congratulations on this exciting occasion.You have all along been working hard at your professional studies, and you are excellent in most subjects. Your success shows that only hard work can yield good results，so I suggest that you should make a great progress in university life.We take this opportunity to express our best wishes to you. Wish you greater achievements in your college education.Yours sincerely,Zhang Wei【马鹏老师版】Dear Ming,Congratulations! I am glad to hear that you have been admitted by MIT. Your efforts and commitment have been paid off. You are the honor of our family.Here come some my own advices of being a pre college student. First and foremost, you need to improve your communication because you will meet different people with different personalities in campus. Moreover, reading some reference books will help you to accumulate more knowledge and terms, which boost your competitiveness in campus.Once again congratulate for your achievement!Yours sincerely,Zhang Wei大作文参考答案As is shown in the bar chart above, dramatic changes have taken place in the autos market shares within two years (from 2008 to 2009). The most obvious change was the market share of national br and, which had increased nearly by 10%, while Japan’s autos market share decreased roughly by 10%. The percentage of the US autos remained stable between 2008 and 2009.There are numerous reasons accounting for the phenomenon and I would like to explore a few of the most important ones here. Above all, as the development of technique and knowledge in native companies, a growing number of autos corporation developed many quality autos. Therefore, the national people changed the attitude to the native brands and acknowledge them. What’ more, an overwhelming majority of people have been affected by the country patriotism ideology, partly owing to some actions of Japan triggering the emotion of people. Finally, Toyota brake error accidents significantly affects Japanese autos’ reputations and images. Safety concerns drove customers away from Japanese products. Additionally, Fuel price drove consumers away from those American petrol digging and luxury autos. So it is not difficult to observe their steady performance.Based on what has been discussed above, we may reasonably conclude that the tendency described in graphic will continue for quite a long time. Hopefully, government could offer more friendly policies to China autos manufacturers to encourage quality improvement and technology innovation.完形填空参考答案1~5 ACBDD 6~10 BACCB 11~15 DBACA 16~20 ADACDTEXT 1 参考答案21．A。

2011年国考行测真题(完整版)+答案解析

1．【解析】D。

本题考查政治常识。

党的十七大报告提出“以改善民生为重点的社会建设”，并提出了社会建设六大方面的内容。

第一是教育。

第二是就业。

第三是收入分配。

第四是覆盖城乡居民的保障体系。

第五是医疗公共卫生体制。

第六是完善社会管理，维护社会稳定和团结。

从中可看出D项不属于社会建设范畴。

2．【解析】C。

本题考查时事常识。

A项：2009年，我国的出口总额居世界第一；B项：二十国集团中具有广泛代表性的发展中国家包括南非、阿根廷、巴西、印度、印度尼西亚、墨西哥、沙特阿拉伯，中国并不是唯一的亚洲发展中国家；D项：我国与不丹、锡金两个边境国家仍未建立正式的外交关系。

3．【解析】B。

本题考查国情。

我国煤炭储藏量世界第一，所以排除A、C两项；现在我国一半左右的石油都依靠进口，所以排除D项。

4．【解析】B。

本题考查时事常识。

根据《国务院关于开展第六次全国人口普查的通知》，我国第六次人口普查的标准时点是2010年11月1日零点，第六次全国人口普查采用按现住地登记的原则。

人口普查所需经费，由中央和地方各级人民政府共同负担，并列入相应年度的财政预算，按时拨付、确保到位。

通知还要求，各级政府、各有关部门要严格执行《中华人民共和国统计法》和人口普查的有关规定。

人口普查取得的数据，严格限定用于普查目的，不得作为任何部门和单位对各级行政管理工作实施考核、奖惩的依据，不得作为对普查对象实施处罚的依据，所以B项正确。

5．【解析】C。

本题考查时事常识。

西部大开发的范围包括陕西省、甘肃省、青海省、宁夏回族自治区、新疆维吾尔自治区、四川省、重庆市、云南省、贵州省、西藏自治区、内蒙古自治区、广西壮族自治区等12个省、自治区、直辖市，所以C项错误。

6．【解析】A。

本题考查历史常识。

1947年9月，中共中央在河北省平山县西柏坡村召开全国土地会议，制定了《中国土地法大纲》，并于10月10日经中共中央批准正式公布。

由此展开了解放区的土改运动。

三大战役是指1948年9月至1949年1月，中国人民解放军同国民党军进行的战略决战，包括辽沈、淮海、平津三个战略性战役。

2011年高考英语全国卷：真题及答案(打印版)

2011年高考英语—全国卷第一节单选填空（共15 小题，每小题1分，满分15分）从A、Ｂ、Ｃ、Ｄ、四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该选项涂黑。

例：It is generally considered unwise to give a child be or she wants.A .howeverB .whatever C.whichever D.whenever21.—We could invite John and Barbara to the Friday night party.—Yes, ?I’ll give them a call right now.A. why notB. What forC. whyD. what22. Try she might, Sue couldn’t get the door open.A. ifB. whenC. sinceD. as23. Planing so far ahead no sense-so many thing will have changed by next year.A.madeB.is makingC.makesD.has made24. I wasn’t sure if he was really interested or if he polite.A.was just beingB.will just beC.had just beenD.would just be25.—Someone wants you on the phone.— nobody knows I am here.A.AlthoughB.AndC.ButD.So26. I can the house being untidy,but I hate it if it’s not clean.e up with赶上B.put up with忍受，容忍C. turn toD.stick to忠于，信守27. The next thing he saw was smoke _______ from behind the house.A. roseB. risingC. to riseD. risen28. Only when he reached the tea-house __________ it was the same place he’d been in last year.A. he realizedB. he did realizeC. realized heD. did he realized29. When Alice came to, she did not know how long she ________ there.A. had been lyingB. has been lyingC. was lyingD. has lain30. The form cannot be signed by anyone _______ yourself.A. rather thanB. other thanC. more thanD. better than31. The prize will go to the writer ____________ story shows the most imagination.A. thatB. whichC. whoseD. what32. They____ have arrived at lunchtime but their fight was delayed.A. willB. canC. mustD. should33. It is generally accepted that____ boy must learn to stand up and fight like____.A. a; aB. a; theC. the; theD. a; 不填34. William found it increasingly difficult to read, for his eyesight was beginning to ____.A. disappear B .fall C. fail D. damage35. —Artistic people can be very difficult sometimes.—Well, you married one. ____.A. You name it.B. I’ve got it.C. I can’t agree more.D. You should know.1。

2011年公共基础知识.doc

《公共基础知识》5日强化冲刺试卷（一）参考答案一、单项选择题。

1. A2. C3. C4. A5. C6. C7.A 8. B9. C 10. D 11. C 12. B 13. D 14. D 15.B 16. A17. C 18. D 19. B 20. A 21. B 22. D 23.D 24. C25. C 26. B 27. D 28. B 29. C 30. B二、多项选择题。

1. AB2. ABE3. ABCD4. BC5. ABC6. ACDE7. ABCDE8. ABCDE 9. BCD 10. BC 11. BCD 12. BCD 13. ABC 14. ABC15. AC 16. ABC 17. ABDE 18. ABCD 19. ABD 20. ABC 21. ABCD22. ABDE 23. ABCD 24. ABCDE 25. AD三、判断题。

1.√2.√3.×4.√5.√6.×7.×8.√9.√10.√5日强化冲刺试卷（二）参考答案一、单项选择题。

1. B2. D3. D4. D5. B6. C7.C 8. C9. C 10. B 11. D 12. D 13. A 14. B 15.A 16. A17. B 18. C 19. A 20. B 21. C 22. B 23.A 24. A25. D 26. B 27. A 28. A 29. A 30. C二、多项选择题。

1. AB2. BD3. BCD4. BCDE5. ABC6. ACDE7. ACD8. ABC9. AB 10.BD11. ACD 12. ABDE 13. ABC 14. ABC 15. ABCD16. ABCD 17. ABCDE 18. ABDE 19. BCD 20. AD21.BCD 22. AD 23. ABCD 24. CDE 25. ABD三、判断题。

2011年考研英语(一)真题完整版

2011年考研英语(一)真题完整版Section I Use of EnglishDirections：Read the following text. Choose the best word（s） for each numbered blank and mark [A]， [B]， [C] or [D] on ANSWER SHEET 1. （10 points）Ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle viewed laughter as “a bo dily exercise precious to health.” But __1___some claims to the contrary， laughing probably has little influence on physical fitness Laughter does __2___short-term changes in the function of the heart and its blood vessels， ___3_ heart rate and oxygen consumption But because hard laughter is difficult to __4__， a good laugh is unlikely to have __5___ benefits the way， say， walking or jogging does.__6__， instead of straining muscles to build them， as exercise does， laughter apparently accomplishes the __7__，studies dating back to the 1930‘s indicate that laughter__8___ muscles， decreasing muscle tone for up to 45 minutes after the laugh dies down.Such bodily reaction might conceivably help _9__the effects of psychological stress. Anyway， the act of laughing probably does produce other types of ___10___ feedback，that improve an individual‘s emotional state. __11____one classical theory of emotion， our feelings are partially rooted ____12___ physical reactions. It was argued at the end of the 19th century that humans do not cry ___13___they are sad but they become sad when the tears begin to flow.Although sadness also ____14___ tears， evidence suggests that emotions can flow __15___ muscular responses. In an experiment published in 1988，social psychologist Fritz Strack of the University of würzburg in Germany asked volunteers to __16___ a pen either with their teeth-thereby creating an artificial smile –or with their lips， which would produce a（n） __17___ expression. Those forced to exercise their enthusiastically to funny catoons than did those whose months were contracted in a frown， ____19___ that expressions may influence emotions rather than just the other way around __20__ ， the physical act of laughter could improve mood.1.[A]among [B]except [C]despite [D]like2.[A]reflect [B]demand [C]indicate [D]produce3.[A]stabilizing [B]boosting [C]impairing [D]determining4.[A]transmit [B]sustain [C]evaluate [D]observe5.[A]measurable [B]manageable [C]affordable [D]renewable6.[A]In turn [B]In fact [C]In addition [D]In brief7.[A]opposite [B]impossible [C]average [D]expected8.[A]hardens [B]weakens [C]tightens [D]relaxes9.[A]aggravate [B]generate [C]moderate [D]enhance10.[A]physical [B]mental [C]subconscious [D]internal11.[A]Except for [B]According to [C]Due to [D]As for12.[A]with [B]on [C]in [D]at13.[A]unless [B]until [C]if [D]because14.[A]exhausts [B]follows [C]precedes [D]suppresses15.[A]into [B]from [C]towards [D]beyond16.[A]fetch [B]bite [C]pick [D]hold17.[A]disappointed [B]excited [C]joyful [D]indifferent18.[A]adapted [B]catered [C]turned [D]reacted19.[A]suggesting [B]requiring [C]mentioning [D]supposing20.[A]Eventually [B]Consequently [C]Similarly [D]ConverselySection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections：Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A]， [B]， [C] or [D]. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. （40 points）Text 1The decision of the New York Philharmonic to hire Alan Gilbert as its next music director has been the talk of the classical-music world ever since the sudden announcement of his appointment in 2009. For the most part， the response has been favorable，to say the least. “Hooray！ At last！” wrote Anthony Tommasini， a sober-sided classical-music critic.One of the reasons why the appointment came as such a surprise， however， is that Gilbert is comparatively little known. Even Tommasini， who had advocatedGilbert‘s appointment in the Times，calls him “an unpretentious musician with no air of the formidable conductor about him.” As a description of the next music director of an orchestra that has hitherto been led by musicians like Gustav Mahler and Pierre Boulez， that seems likely to have struck at least some Times readers as faint praise.For my part， I have no idea whether Gilbert is a great conductor or even a good one. To be sure， he performs an impressive variety of interesting compositions，but it is not necessary for me to visit Avery Fisher Hall， or anywhere else， to hear interesting orchestral music. All I have to do is to go to my CD shelf， or boot up my computer and download still more recorded music from iTunes.Devoted concertgoers who reply that recordings are no substitute for live performance are missing the point. For the time， attention， and money of the art-loving public， classical instrumentalists must compete not only with opera houses， dance troupes， theater companies， and museums， but also with the recorded performances of the great classical musicians of the 20th century. There recordings are cheap， available everywhere， and very often much higher in artistic quality than today‘s live performances； moreover，they can be “consumed” at a time and place of the listener’s choosing. The widespread availability of such recordings has thus brought about a crisis in the institution of the traditional classical concert.One possible response is for classical performers to program attractive new music that is not yet available on record. Gilbert‘s own interest in new musi c has been widely noted： Alex Ross， a classical-music critic， has described him as a man who is capable of turning the Philharmonic into “a markedly different， more vibrant organization.” But what will be the nature of that difference？ Merely expanding the orchestra’s repertoire will not be enough. If Gilbert and the Philharmonic are to succeed， they must first change the relationship between America‘s oldest orchestra and the new audience it hops to attract.21. We learn from Para.1 that Gilbert‘s appoin tment has[A]incurred criticism.[B]raised suspicion.[C]received acclaim.[D]aroused curiosity.22. Tommasini regards Gilbert as an artist who is[A]influential.[B]modest.[C]respectable.[D]talented.23. The author believes that the devoted concertgoers[A]ignore the expenses of live performances.[B]reject most kinds of recorded performances.[C]exaggerate the variety of live performances.[D]overestimate the value of live performances.24. According to the text， which of the following is true of recordings？[A]They are often inferior to live concerts in quality.[B]They are easily accessible to the general public.[C]They help improve the quality of music.[D]They have only covered masterpieces.25. Regarding Gilb ert‘s role in revitalizing the Philharmonic， the author feels[A]doubtful.[B]enthusiastic.[C]confident.[D]puzzled.Text 2When Liam McGee departed as president of Bank of America in August， his explanation was surprisingly straight up. Rather than cloaking his exit in the usual vague excuses，he came right out and said he was leaving “to pursue my goal of running a company.” Broadcasting his ambition was “very much my decision，” McGee says. Within two weeks， he was talking for the first time with the board of Hartford Financial Services Group， which named him CEO and chairman on September 29.McGee says leaving without a position lined up gave him time to reflect on what kind of company he wanted to run. It also sent a clear message to the outside world about his aspirations. And McGee isn‘t alone. In recent weeks the No.2 executives at Avon and American Express quit with the explanation that they were looking for a CEO post. As boards scrutinize succession plans in response to shareholderpressure，executives who don’t get the nod also may wish to move on. A turbulent business environment also has senior managers cautious of letting vague pronouncements cloud their reputations.As the first signs of recovery begin to take hold， deputy chiefs may be more willing to make the jump without a net. In the third quarter， CEO turnover was down 23% from a year ago as nervous boards stuck with the leaders they had， according to Liberum Research. As the economy picks up， opportunities will abound for aspiring leaders.The decision to quit a senior position to look for a better one is unconventional. For years executives and headhunters have adhered to the rule that the most attractive CEO candidates are the ones who must be poached. Says Korn/Ferry senior partner Dennis Carey：“I can‘t think of a single search I’ve done where a board has not instructed me to look at sitting CEOs first.”Those who jumped without a job haven‘t always landed in top positions quickly. Ellen Marram quit as chief of Tropicana a decade age， saying she wanted to be a CEO. It was a year before she became head of a tiny Internet-based commodities exchange. Robert Willumstad left Citigroup in 2005 with ambitions to be a CEO. He finally took that post at a major financial institution three years later.Many recruiters say the old disgrace is fading for top performers. The financial crisis has made it more acceptable to be between jobs or to leave a bad one. “The traditional rule was it‘s safer to stay where you are，but that’s be en fundamentally inverted，” says one headhunter. “The people who‘ve been hurt the worst are those who’ve stayed too long.”26. When McGee announced his departure， his manner can best be described as being[A]arrogant.[B]frank.[C]self-centered.[D]impulsive.27. According to Paragraph 2，senior executives‘ quitting may be spurred by[A]their expectation of better financial status.[B]their need to reflect on their private life.[C]their strained relations with the boards.[D]their pursuit of new career goals.28. The word “poached” （Line 3， Paragraph 4） most probably means[A]approved of.[B]attended to.[C]hunted for.[D]guarded against.29. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that[A]top performers used to cling to their posts.[B]loyalty of top performers is getting out-dated.[C]top performers care more about reputations.[D]it‘s safer to stick to the traditional rules.30. Which of the following is the best title for the text？[A]CEOs： Where to Go？[B]CEOs： All the Way Up？[C]Top Managers Jump without a Net[D]The Only Way Out for Top PerformersText 3The rough guide to marketing success used to be that you got what you paid for. No longer. While traditional “paid” media – such as television commercials and print advertisements –still play a major role， companies today can exploit many alternative forms of media. Consumers passionate about a product may create “owned” media by sending e-mail alerts about products and sales to customers registered with its Web site. The way consumers now approach the broad range of factors beyond conventional paid media.Paid and owned media are controlled by marketers promoting their own products. For earned media ， such marketers act as the initiator for use rs‘ responses. But in some cases，one marketer’s owned media become another marketer‘s paid media – for instance， when an e-commerce retailer sells ad space on its Web site. We define such sold media as owned media whose traffic is so strong that other organizations place their content or e-commerce engines within that environment. This trend ，which we believe is still in its infancy， effectively began with retailers and travel providers such as airlines and hotels and will no doubt go further. Johnson & Johnson， for example， has created BabyCenter， a stand-alone media property that promotes complementary and even competitive products. Besidesgenerating income， the presence of other marketers makes the site seem objective，gives companies opportunities to learn valuable information about the appeal of other companies’ marketing， and may help expand user traffic for all companies concerned.The same dramatic technological changes that have provided marketers with more （and more diverse） communications choices have also increased the risk that passionate consumers will voice their opinions in quicker， more visible， and much more damaging ways. Such hijacked media are the opposite of earned media： an asset or campaign becomes hostage to consumers， other stakeholders， or activists who make negative allegations about a brand or product. Members of social networks，for instance， are learning that they can hijack media to apply pressure on the businesses that originally created them.If that happens， passionate consumers would try to persuade others to boycott products， putting the reputation of the target company at risk. In such a case，the company‘s response may not be sufficiently quick or thoughtful， and the learning curve has been steep. Toyota Motor， for example， alleviated some of the damage from its recall crisis earlier this year with a relatively quick and well-orchestrated social-media response campaign， which included efforts to engage with consumers directly on sites such as Twitter and the social-news site Digg.31.Consumers may create “earned” media when they are[A] obscssed with online shopping at certain Web sites.[B] inspired by product-promoting e-mails sent to them.[C] eager to help their friends promote quality products.[D] enthusiastic about recommending their favorite products.32. According to Paragraph 2，sold media feature[A] a safe business environment.[B] random competition.[C] strong user traffic.[D] flexibility in organization.33. The author indicates in Paragraph 3 that earned media[A] invite constant conflicts with passionate consumers.[B] can be used to produce negative effects in marketing.[C] may be responsible for fiercer competition.[D] deserve all the negative comments about them.34. T oyota Motor‘s experience is cited as an example of[A] responding effectively to hijacked media.[B] persuading customers into boycotting products.[C] cooperating with supportive consumers.[D] taking advantage of hijacked media.35. Which of the following is the text mainly about ？[A] Alternatives to conventional paid media.[B] Conflict between hijacked and earned media.[C] Dominance of hijacked media.[D] Popularity of owned media.Text 4It‘s no surprise that Jennifer Senior’s i nsightful， provocative magazine cover story，“I love My Children， I Hate My Life，” is arousing much chatter – nothing gets people talking like the suggestion that child rearing is anything less than a completely fulfilling，life-enriching experience. Rather than concluding that children make parents either happy or miserable， Senior suggests we need to redefine happiness： instead of thinking of it as something that can be measured by moment-to-moment joy， we should consider being happy as a past-tense condition. Even though the day-to-day experience of raising kids can be soul-crushingly hard，Senior writes that “the very things that in the moment dampen our moods can later be sources of intense gratification and delight.”The magazine cover showing an attractive mother holding a cute baby is hardly the only Madonna-and-child image on newsstands this week. There are also stories about newly adoptive –and newly single –mom Sandra Bullock， as well as the usual “Jennifer Aniston is pregnant” news. Practicall y every week features at least one celebrity mom， or mom-to-be， smiling on the newsstands.In a society that so persistently celebrates procreation， is it any wonder that admitting you regret having children is equivalent to admitting you support kitten-killing ？It doesn‘t seem quite fair， then， to compare the regrets of parents to the regrets of the children. Unhappy parents rarely are provoked to wonder if they shouldn’t have had kids， but unhappy childless folks are bothered with the message that children are the single most important thing in the world： obviously their misery must be a direct result of the gaping baby-size holes in their lives.Of course， the image of parenthood that celebrity magazines like Us Weekly and People present is hugely unrealistic， especially when the parents are single mothers like Bullock. According to several studies concluding that parents are less happy than childless couples， single parents are the least happy of all. No shock there，considering how much work it is to raise a kid without a partner to lean on； yet to hear Sandra and Britney tell it，raising a kid on their “own” （read： with round-the-clock help） is a piece of cake.It‘s hard to imagine that many people are dumb enough to want children just because Reese and Angelina make it look so glamorous： most adults understand that a baby is not a haircut. But it’s interesting to wonder if the images we see every week of stress-free，happiness-enhancing parenthood aren‘t in some small，subconscious way contributing to our own dissatisfactions with the actual experience，in the same way that a small part of us hoped getting “ the Rachel” might make us look just a little bit like Jennifer Aniston.36.Jennifer Senior suggests in her article that raising a child can bring[A]temporary delight[B]enjoyment in progress[C]happiness in retrospect[D]lasting reward37.We learn from Paragraph 2 that[A]celebrity moms are a permanent source for gossip.[B]single mothers with babies deserve greater attention.[C]news about pregnant celebrities is entertaining.[D]having children is highly valued by the public.38.It is suggested in Paragraph 3 that childless folks[A]are constantly exposed to criticism.[B]are largely ignored by the media.[C]fail to fulfill their social responsibilities.[D]are less likely to be satisfied with their life.39.According to Paragraph 4， the message conveyed by celebrity magazines is[A]soothing.[B]ambiguous.[C]compensatory.[D]misleading.40.Which of the following can be inferred from the last paragraph？[A]Having children contributes little to the glamour of celebrity moms.[B]Celebrity moms have influenced our attitude towards child rearing.[C]Having children intensifies our dissatisfaction with life.[D]We sometimes neglect the happiness from child rearing.Part BDirections：The following paragraph are given in a wrong order. For Questions 41-45， you are required to reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent text by choosing from the list A-G to filling them into the numbered boxes. Paragraphs E and G have been correctly placed. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. （10 points）[A] No disciplines have seized on professionalism with as much enthusiasm as the humanities. You can， Mr Menand points out， became a lawyer in three years and a medical doctor in four. But the regular time it takes to get a doctoral degree in the humanities is nine years. Not surprisingly， up to half of all doctoral students in English drop out before getting their degrees.[B] His concern is mainly with the humanities： Literature， languages，philosophy and so on. These are disciplines that are going out of style： 22% of American college graduates now major in business compared with only 2% in history and 4% in English. However，many leading American universities want their undergraduates to have a grounding in the basic canon of ideas that every educated person should posses. But most find it difficult to agree on what a “general education” should look like. At H arvard， Mr Menand notes，“the great books are read because they have been read”-they form a sort of social glue.[C] Equally unsurprisingly， only about half end up with professorships for which they entered graduate school. There are simply too few posts. This is partly because universities continue to produce ever more PhDs. But fewer students want to study humanities subjects：English departments awarded more bachelor‘s degrees in 1970-71 than they did 20 years later. Fewer students requires fewer teachers. So，at the end of a decade of theses-writing， many humanities students leave the profession to do something for which they have not been trained.[D] One reason why it is hard to design and teach such courses is that they cancut across the insistence by top American universities that liberal-arts educations and professional education should be kept separate， taught in different schools. Many students experience both varieties. Although more than half of Harvard undergraduates end up in law， medicine or business， future doctors and lawyers must study a non-specialist liberal-arts degree before embarking on a professional qualification. [E] Besides professionalizing the professions by this separation，top American universities have professionalised the professor. The growth in public money for academic research has speeded the process： federal research grants rose fourfold between 1960and 1990， but faculty teaching hours fell by half as research took its toll. Professionalism has turned the acquisition of a doctoral degree into a prerequisite for a successful academic career： as late as 1969a third of American professors did not possess one. But the key idea behind professionalisation， argues Mr Menand，is that “the knowledge and skills needed for a part icular specialization are transmissible but not transferable.”So disciplines acquire a monopoly not just over the production of knowledge， but also over the production of the producers of knowledge.[F] The key to reforming higher education， concludes Mr Menand， is to alter the way in which “the producers of knowledge are produced.”Otherwise， academics will continue to think dangerously alike， increasingly detached from the societies which they study，investigate and criticize.“Academic inquiry， at least in some fields，may need to become less exclusionary and more holistic.”Yet quite how that happens， Mr Menand dose not say.[G] The subtle and intelligent little book The Marketplace of Ideas： Reform and Resistance in the American University should be read by every student thinking of applying to take a doctoral degree. They may then decide to go elsewhere. For something curious has been happening in American Universities， and Louis Menand，a professor of English at Harvard University， captured it skillfully.G → 41. →42. → E →43. →44. →45.Part CDirections：Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written carefully on ANSWER SHEET 2. （10 points）With its theme that “Mi nd is the master weaver，” creating our inner character and outer circumstances， the book As a Man Thinking by James Allen is an in-depth exploration of the central idea of self-help writing.（46）Allen‘s contribution was to take an assumption we all shar e-that because we are not robots we therefore control our thoughts-and reveal its erroneous nature. Because most of us believe that mind is separate from matter， we think that thoughts can be hidden and made powerless； this allows us to think one way and act another. However， Allen believed that the unconscious mind generates as much action as the conscious mind， and （47） while we may be able to sustain the illusion of control through the conscious mind alone， in reality we are continually faced with a question：“Why cannot I make myself do this or achieve that？”Since desire and will are damaged by the presence of thoughts that do not accord with desire， Allen concluded ：“ We do not attract what we want， but what we are.” Achievement happens because you as a person embody the external achievement；you don‘t “ get” success but become it. There is no gap between mind and matter.Part of the fame of Allen‘s book is its contention that “Circumstances do not make a person，they reveal him.” （48） This seems a justification for neglect of those in need， and a rationalization of exploitation， of the superiority of those at the top and the inferiority of those at the bottom. This ，however， would be a knee-jerk reaction to a subtle argument. Each set of circumstances， however bad， offers a unique opportunity for growth. If circumstances always determined the life and prospects of people， then humanity would never have progressed. In fat，（49）circumstances seem to be designed to bring out the best in us and if we f eel that we have been “wronged” then we are unlikely to begin a conscious effort to escape from our situation .Nevertheless， as any biographer knows， a person’s early life and its conditions are often the greatest gift to an individual.The sobering aspe ct of Allen‘s book is that we have no one else to blame for our present condition except ourselves. （50） The upside is the possibilities contained in knowing that everything is up to us； where before we were experts in the array of limitations， now we become authorities of what is possible.Section Ⅲ WritingPart A51. Directions：Write a letter to a friend of yours to1） recommend one of your favorite movies and2） give reasons for your recommendationYour should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2Do not sign your own name at the end of the leter. User “LI MING” instead.Do not writer the address.（10 points）Part B52. Directions：Write an essay of 160——200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay，you should1） describe the drawing briefly，2）explain it‘s intended meaning， and3） give your comments.Your should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. （20 points）。

2011年全国各地110份中考真题解析版汇编

2011年全国各地市110份中考真题解析版汇编词汇运用之首字母填词【2011湖北黄石】IV.单词拼写（每小题1分，共5分）根据句意和首字母提示，补全各小题单词。

76.—Try some more rice, please.—No, thanks. I’m f.77. Have you ever c buying a new MP4 player? It is good for you to listen to English as well asmusic.78. The football star loves his girlfriend very much and he decides to getm to her next month.79. A terrible disease has just broken out in Europe and it has caused a number ofd in some European countries.80. Many middle school students like reading Harry Potter, i me.76. full 【解析】句意：—请再吃点米饭。

—谢谢，我饱了。

full, 饱的，满的。

77. considered 【解析】你曾经想过买个MP4吗？consider doing sth。

78. married 【解析】get married 固定搭配，“结婚”。

79. death【解析】欧洲刚刚爆发了一场可怕的疾病，它在欧洲一些国家造成了大量死亡。

80. including【解析】including，包括，包含。

【2011天津】根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词，使短文意思完整。

每空限一次。

Bill and Simon were good friends. One summer they were on h___81____. They wanted to sail around the Caribbean Sea in their boat for two weeks.During their trip, they saw many whales. Bill and Simon were very e_82_____ because they had wanted to see them very much. Unluckily, w_83______ they were watching them, the whales began to hit the side of the boat. Suddenly, w___84___ started coming in, and they realized that they were in trouble. They q 85 jump into the lifeboat before the boat sank(沉没)，and watched it disappear under the sea.Luckily, they had enough food and water for about twenty d 86 . They also had a fishing line and a machine which could change sea water i 87 drinking water. These two things helped them to survive(存活) during their terrible experience.For the next fifty days they caught about ten fish a day and a 88 them. They saw about twenty ships, but although they waved and shouted when the ships were passing, n 89 saw them. They were becoming weaker and weaker. Then, just as they were beginning to l 90 hope, a fishing boat saved them.文章大意：本文是一片记叙文，讲了一对朋友冒险的故事。

2011年中央、国家公务员录用考试《公共基础知识》真题(四)

C.国家行政机关
D.行政主体及其公务员
25.奴隶制作为最惨无人道的压迫制度，其显著的特点是( )。
A.剥削奴隶
B.根本不把奴隶当人看
C.把战俘作为奴隶
D.给奴隶套上无形的精神枷锁
26.在我国，劳动和受教育既是公民的权利，又是公民的义务，这体现着( )。
A.公民的权利和义务是对立的
B.公民的权利和义务是一致的
以下各题的备选答案中至少有两项是符合题意的，请将它们选出，并在答题卡上将对应题号后的相应字母涂黑。(每小题 1.5
分)
1.我国社会主义精神文明建设的主要目标是( )。
A.在全民族牢固树立建设有中国特色社会主义的共同理想，牢固树立坚持党的基本路线不动摇的坚定信念
B.实现以思想道德修养、科学教育水平、民主法制观念为主要内容的公民素质的显著提高；实现以积极健康、丰富多彩、服
A.①③
B.①②④
C.②③④
D.①②③④
对全部高中资料试卷电气设备，在安装过程中以及安装结束后进行高中资料试卷调整试验；通电检查所有设备高中资料电试力卷保相护互装作置用调与试相技互术关，系电，力根通保据过护生管高产线中工敷资艺设料高技试中术卷0资配不料置仅试技可卷术以要是解求指决，机吊对组顶电在层气进配设行置备继不进电规行保范空护高载高中与中资带资料负料试荷试卷下卷问高总题中2体2资配，料置而试时且卷，可调需保控要障试在各验最类；大管对限路设度习备内题进来到行确位调保。整机在使组管其高路在中敷正资设常料过工试程况卷中下安，与全要过，加度并强工且看作尽护下可关都能于可地管以缩路正小高常故中工障资作高料；中试对资卷于料连继试接电卷管保破口护坏处进范理行围高整，中核或资对者料定对试值某卷，些弯审异扁核常度与高固校中定对资盒图料位纸试置，.卷编保工写护况复层进杂防行设腐自备跨动与接处装地理置线，高弯尤中曲其资半要料径避试标免卷高错调等误试，高方要中案求资，技料编术试5写交卷、重底保电要。护气设管装设备线置备4高敷动调、中设作试电资技，高气料术并中课3试中且资件、卷包拒料中管试含绝试调路验线动卷试敷方槽作技设案、，术技以管来术及架避系等免统多不启项必动方要方式高案，中；为资对解料整决试套高卷启中突动语然过文停程电机中气。高课因中件此资中，料管电试壁力卷薄高电、中气接资设口料备不试进严卷行等保调问护试题装工，置作合调并理试且利技进用术行管，过线要关敷求运设电行技力高术保中。护资线装料缆置试敷做卷设到技原准术则确指：灵导在活。分。对线对于盒于调处差试，动过当保程不护中同装高电置中压高资回中料路资试交料卷叉试技时卷术，调问应试题采技，用术作金是为属指调隔发试板电人进机员行一，隔变需开压要处器在理组事；在前同发掌一生握线内图槽部纸内故资，障料强时、电，设回需备路要制须进造同行厂时外家切部出断电具习源高题高中电中资源资料，料试线试卷缆卷试敷切验设除报完从告毕而与，采相要用关进高技行中术检资资查料料和试，检卷并测主且处要了理保解。护现装场置设。备高中资料试卷布置情况与有关高中资料试卷电气系统接线等情况，然后根据规范与规程规定，制定设备调试高中资料试卷方案。

2011山东省高考语文试题及详细答案知识大全_图文

1、下列句子中，没有语病的一项是A．今年五一节前夕，发改委发出紧急通知，禁止空调厂商和经销商不得以价格战的手段进行不正当竞争。

B．据报道，某市场被发现存在销售假冒伪劣产品，伪造质检报告书，管理部门将对此开展专项检查行动，进一步规范经营行为。

C．随着个人计算机的广泛应用，互联网以不可阻挡之势在全世界范围内掀起了影响社会不同领域、不同层次的变革浪潮。

D．打车软件为乘客和司机搭建起沟通平台，方便了市民打车，但出租车无论是否使用打车软件，均应遵守运营规则，这才能维护相关各方的合法权益和合理要求。

2、下列词语中加点字的读音，全都正确的一组是A．寂寥（liáo）雾霾（mái）瞋（chēng）目潜（qián）移默化B．氛（fēn）围吝啬（sâ）熹（xī）微束（shù）之高阁C．发酵（jiào）徘徊（huái）滂（pāng）沱叱咤（chà）风云D．模（mó）板怯（qiâ）懦签（qiān）署断壁颓垣（yuán）3、下列词语中加点的字，每对读音都不相同的一组是A．棱角/菱形窒息/对峙稽首/稽查B．侥幸/阻挠绚烂/驯服称职/职称C．塑料/朔风叫嚣/发酵本末倒置/倒行逆施D．延伸/筵席瓦砾/罹难挑三拣四/挑拨离间4、依次填入下列横线处的词语，最恰当的一组是研究伊始，该团队选取了华北、西北地区生产的几十种马铃薯进行分析，从营养成分、、硬度等方面多次试验，确定了适合加工马铃薯面条的两个品种。

随后，又从诸多面粉种类中试验选取了的小麦粉加以调试。

A．鉴别色泽终于适量B．鉴别色彩终于适当C．甄别色泽最终适当D．甄别色彩最终适量5、下列各句中，没有语病的一句是（3分）A．为纪念抗日战争暨世界反法西斯战争胜利70周年，从现在起到年底，国家大剧院宣布将承办31场精心策划的演出。

B．这部小说中的“边缘人”是一个玩世不恭、富有破坏性却真实坦白的群体，人们面对这类形象时会引起深深的思索。

2011年考研英语二真题(可复制搜索查词)

绝密★启用前2011年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语（二）（科目代码：204）☆考生注意事项☆1.答题前，考生须在试题册指定位置上填写考生编号和考生姓名；在答题卡指定位置上填写报考单位、考生姓名和考生编号,并涂写考生编号信息点。

2.考生须把试题册上的“试卷条形码”粘贴条取下，粘贴在答题卡的“试卷条形码粘贴位置”框中。

不按规定粘贴条形码而影响评卷结果的，责任由考生自负。

3.选择题的答案必须涂写在答题卡相应题号的选项上，非选择题的答案必须书写在答题卡指定位置的边框区域内。

超出答题区域书写的答案无效；在草稿纸、试题册上答题无效。

4.填（书）写部分必须使用黑色字迹签字笔书写，字迹工整、笔迹清楚；涂写部分必须使用2B铅笔填涂。

5.考试结束，将答题卡和试题册按规定交回。

（以下信息考生必须认真填写）考生编号考生姓名Sec t ion I Use of Engl i shDirect ions:Read the fo l lowing tex t . Choose the bes t word(s) for each nu mbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on A N S W E R S H EET 1. (10 poi nts )The In te rne t af fords anony mi ty to i t s users , a blessing to pr ivacy and freedom of speech . But tha t very anony mity is a lso behind the explos ion of cyber -c r ime tha t has Can pr ivacy be prese rved seems increas ing ly 3 ?Las t month , Ho ward Sch midt , the na t ion ’s cyber -cza r , of fe red the federa l govern ment a to make the W eb a safer place – a “vo luntary t rus ted ident i ty ” sys tem tha t would be the high-tech of a phys ica l key , a 1 across the Web .2 br ing ing safe ty and secur i ty to a wor ld tha t 4 5 f ingerpr in t and a photo ID card , a l l ro l led smar t ident i ty card , or a dig i ta l credent ia l 6 one . The sys tem might use a to a speci f ic co mputer , and 7 w ould authen t ica te users at a range of onl ine serv ices .The idea is to a federa t ion of pr iva te onl ine iden t i ty sys tems . Use rs could which sys tem to jo in , and only regis te red users whose ident i t ies have been authent ica ted could naviga te those sys tems. The approach cont ras t s with one tha t would require an In te rne t dr iver ’s l icense 10 by the govern ment .Google and Microsof t ar e among co mpanies tha t a l ready have these “s ingle 8 9 s ign-on ” sys tems tha t make i t poss ib le for users to many di f fe ren t serv ices .11 jus t once but use 12 , the approach would crea te a “wa l led garden ” in cyberspace , wi t h safe “ne ighborhoods ” and br ight “s t ree t l ights ” t o es tabl i sh a sense of a co m muni ty .13 Mr. Sch midt descr ibed i t as a “vo luntary ecosys t e m ” in which “ind iv idual s and organiza t ions can co mple te onl ine t ransact ions wi th 14 , t rus t ing the ident i t i es of each other and the ident i t ies of the inf ras t ruc ture 15 which the t ransac t ion runs .”St i l l , the ad minis t ra t ion ’s plan has 16 pr ivacy r igh ts ac t iv is t s . So me applaud the approach; others are concerned . I t see ms clear tha t such a sche me is an in i t ia t ive push toward what would 17 be a co mpulsory Interne t “dr iver ’s l i cense ” menta l i ty .The plan has a lso been gree ted wi th 18 by so me co mputer secur i ty exper t s , who worry tha t the “vo luntary ecosys tem ” envis ioned by Mr. Sch midt w ould s t i l l leave much of the Interne t 19 . They argue tha t a l l In terne t users should be 20 to regis ter and ident i fy them selves , in the sa me way that drivers must be l icensed to dr ive on publ ic roads .1．[A]swept 2．[A]for [B]sk ipped[B]wi th in[C]walked[D]r idden[C]whi le[D]though3．[A]care less 4．[A]reason 5．[A]informat ion 6．[A]by [B]lawless[C]poin t l ess[C]compromise[C]en te r ta inment[C]f rom[D]he lp less[D]proposa l[D]equ iva len t[D]over [B]reminder[B]in te r fe rence[B]in to7．[A]l inked[B]di rec ted[B]discover[B]sugges t[B]i ssued [C]cha ined[C]crea te[D]compared[D]improve[D]rea l i ze8．[A]d ismiss9．[A]reca l l[C]se lec t10．[A]re leased 11．[A]car ry on 12．[A]In va in 13．[A]t rus ted 14．[A]cau t ion 15．[A]on[C]dis t r ibu ted[C]se t in[D]de l ive red[D]log in [B]l inger on[B]In ef fec t[B]modern ized[B]de l igh t[C]In re tu rn[C]thr iv ing[C]conf idence[C]beyond[D]In cont ras t[D]compet ing[D]pa t ience[D]across [B]af te r16．[A]div ided 17．[A]f requen t ly 18．[A]skep t ic i sm 19．[A]manageab le 20．[A]inv i ted[B]disappoin ted[B]inc iden ta l ly[B]to le rance[B]defendable[B]appoin ted[C]pro tec ted[C]occas iona l ly[C]ind i f fe rence[C]vulnerab le[C]a l lowed[D]uni ted[D]even tua l ly[D]en thus iasm[D]inv is ib le[D]forced Sec t ion I I Read ing Co mprehens ionPart ADirect ions:Read the fol lowing four t exts.Answer the ques t ions af te r each tex t by choos ing A, B,C or D.Mark your answers on A N S W E R S H E E T1.(40poin ts)Text1Ruth Sim mons jo ined G old man Sachs’s board as an outs ide di rec tor in January2000;a year la ter she beca me pres ident of Brown Univers i ty.For the res t of the decade she apparent ly managed both roles without a t t rac t ing much cr i t ic i sm. But by the end of2009M s.Sim mons was under f i re for having sa t on Goldman’s co mpensa t ion co m mit tee;how could she have le t those enormous bonus payouts pass unremarked?By February the next year Ms.Sim mons had lef t the board.The pos i t ion was jus t tak ing up too much t ime,she sa id.O uts ide di rec tors are supposed to serve as helpful,ye t less biased,advisers on a f i rm’s board.Having made the i r weal th and the i r reputa t ions elsewhere,they presu mably have enough independence to disagree wi th the chief execut ive’s proposals.I f the sky,and the share pr ice is fa l l i ng,outs ide di rec tors should be able to give advice based on having weathered thei r own cr i ses.The researchers from O hio Univers i ty used a database that covered more than10,000f i rms and m ore than64,000dif fer ent di rec tors between1989and 2004.Then they s imply checked which di rec tors st ayed from one proxy s tat ement to the next.The most l ike ly reason for depar t ing a board was age,so the researchers concent ra ted on those“surpr i se”d isappearances by di rec tors under the age of70.They found tha t af te r a surpr i se depar ture,the probabi l i ty t hat the co mpany wi l l subsequently have to res ta te earnings increases by near ly20%.The l ike l ihood of being na med in a federa l c lass-ac t ion lawsui t a lso increases,and the s tock is l ike ly to per form worse.The ef fec t tended to be larger for la rger f i rms. Although a corre la t ion be tween them leaving and subsequent bad per formance a t the f i rm is sugges t ive,i t does not mean tha t such di rec tors are a lways jumping of f a s inking ship.Of ten they“t r ade up,”leav ing r is kier,smal le r f i rms for larger and m ore s tab le f i rms.But the researchers bel i eve tha t outs ide di rec tors have an eas ie r t ime of avoid ing a blow to the i r reputa t ions i f they leave a f i rm before bad news breaks, even i f a review of his tory shows they were on the board at the t ime any wrongdoing occurred.Fi rms who want to keep the i r outs ide di rec tors th rough tough t imes may have to crea te incent ives.Otherwi se outs ide di rec tors wi l l fo l low the exa mple of Ms.Simm ons,once again very popular on ca mpus.21.Accord ing to Paragraph1,Ms.Sim mons was cr i t i c ized for_____.[A]ga in ing excess ive profi t s[B]fa i l ing to fu l f i l l her duty[C]re fus ing to make co m promises[D]leav ing the board in tough t imes22.We learn f rom Paragraph2tha t outs ide di rec to rs are supposed to be_____.[A]generous inves to rs[B]unbiased execu t ives[C]share pr ice forecas te r s[D]independent adv ise r s23.Accord ing to the researchers f rom Ohio Univers i ty,a f te r an outs ide d i rec to r’ssurpr i se depar tu re,t he f i r m is l ike ly to_____.[A]beco me more s tab le[B]repor t i ncreased earn i ngs[C]do less wel l i n the s tock marke t[D]per fo rm worse in lawsui t s24.I t can be infe r red f rom the las t paragraph tha t ou t s ide di rec to rs_____.[A]may s tay for the a t t ract ive of fe r s f rom the f i rm[B]have of ten had records of wrongdoings in the f i r m[C]are accus tomed to s t ress-f ree work in the f i rm[D]wi l l dec l ine incen t ives f rom the f i rm25.The au thor’s a t t i tude t oward the ro le of ou ts ide di rec to rs i s_____.[A]permiss ive[B]pos i t ive[C]scornfu l[D]cr i t i ca lText2W hatever happened to the dea th of newspapers?A year ago the end seem ed near.The recess ion threatened to remove the adver t i s ing and readers tha t had not a l ready f led to the in te r net.Ne wspapers l ike the San Francisco Chronic l e were chronic l ing the i r own doo m.A mer ica’s Federa l Trade Co m miss ion launched a round of ta lks about how to save newspapers.Should they beco me char i tab le corpora t ions?Should the s ta te subs id ize them?I t wil l hold another meet ing soon. But the discuss ions now seem out of date.In much of the wor ld t here is l i t t l e s ign of cr i s i s.German and Braz i l i an papers have shrugged off the recess ion.Even A merican newspapers,which inhabi t the most t roubled corner of the global indus t ry,have not only survived but of ten re turned to prof i t.Not the20%prof i t margins tha t were rout ine a few years ago,but prof i t a l l the sam e.I t has not been much fun.Many papers s tayed af loa t by push ing journa l i s t s overboard.The A mer ican Soc ie ty of News Edi to r s reckons tha t13,500newsroo m jobs have gone s ince2007.Readers are pay ing m ore for s l im mer product s.So me papers even had the nerve to refuse del ivery to dis tant suburbs.Yet these despera te measures have proved the r ight ones and,sadly for many journal i s t s, they can be pushed fur ther.Ne wspapers are beco ming more ba lanced bus inesses,wi th a hea l th ie r mix of revenues f rom readers and adver t i se r s.A mer ican papers have long been high ly unusual in the i r re l iance on ads.Ful ly87%of the i r revenues cam e from adver t i s ing in2008,accord ing to the Organiza t i on for Econo mic Cooperat ion& Develop ment(OE C D).I n Japan the propor t ion is35%.Not surpr i s ing ly,Japanese newspapers are much more s tab le.The whir lwind tha t swept through newsroo ms harm ed everybody,but much of the da mage has been concent ra ted in areas where newspapers are leas t dis t inc t ive.Car and f i l m reviewers have gone.So have sc ience and genera l bus iness repor te rs.Fore i gn bureaus have been savagely cut of f.Ne wspapers are l ess co mple te as a resu l t.But co mple teness is no longer a vi r tue in the newspaper bus iness.26.By saying“Newspapers l ike...the i r own doo m”(Lines3-4,Para.1),theauthor indica tes tha t newspapers_____.[A]neg lec ted the s ign of cr i s i s[B]fa i l ed to ge t s ta te subsid ies[C]were not char i t ab le corpora t ions[D]were in a despera te s i t ua t ion27.So me newspapers re fused de l ive ry to dis tan t suburbs probab ly because_____.[A]readers threa tened to pay less[B]newspapers wanted to reduce cos t s[C]journa l i s t s repor ted l i t t l e about these areas[D]subscr ibe rs compla ined about s l im mer produc t s28.Co mpared wi th the i r A mer ican counterpar t s,Japanese newspapers are muchm ore s tab le because they_____.[A]have more sources of revenue[B]have more ba lanced newsrooms[C]are less dependen t on adver t i s ing[D]are less af fec ted by readersh ip29.What can be infe r red f rom the las t paragraph about the cur ren t newspaperbus iness?[A]Dis t inc t iveness is an essen t ia l fea tu re of newspapers.[B]Co mple teness i s to b lame for the fa i lu re of newspaper.[C]Fore ign bureaus play a cruc ia l ro le i n the newspaper bus iness.[D]Readers have los t t he i r in te res t i n car and f i lm reviews.30.The mos t appropr ia te t i t l e for th i s t ex t would be_____.[A]A mer ican Ne wspapers:S t rugg l ing for Surv iva l[B]A mer ican Ne wspapers:Gone wi th the Wind[C]A mer ican Ne wspapers:A Thr iv ing Bus iness[D]A mer ican Ne wspapers:A Hopeless StoryText3W e tend to th ink of the decades im media te ly fol lowing Wor ld War I I as a t ime of prosper i ty and gro wth,wi th sold iers re turning ho me by the mi l l ions,going of f to col lege on the G.I.Bi l l and l in ing up at the m arr iage bureaus.But when i t came to the i r houses,i t was a t ime of co m mon sense and a be l i e f tha t less could t ru ly be m ore.Dur ing the Depress ion and the war,A mer i cans had l ea rned to l ive wi th less,and tha t res t ra in t,in co mbina t ion wi th the pos twar conf idence in the fu ture,made smal l,e f f i c ien t housing pos i t ive ly s ty l i sh.Econo mic condi t ion was only a s t imulus for the t r end toward ef f i c ien t l iv ing. The phrase“l ess is m ore”was actua l ly f i rs t popular ized by a Germ an,the archi tec t Lud wig Mies van der Rohe,who l ike other people assoc ia ted wi th the Bauhaus,a school of design,emigra ted to the Uni t ed Sta tes before Wor ld W ar I I and took up pos ts a t A mer ican archi tec ture schools.These des igners came to exer t enormous inf luence on the course of A merican archi tec ture,but none m ore so than Mies.Mies’s s ignature phrase m eans that less decora t i on,proper ly organized,has m ore impact than a lot.Elegance,he bel ieved,did not derive fro m abundance. Like other modern arch i t ec t s,he employed metal,g lass and lamina ted wood–m ater ia ls that we take for granted today but that in the1940s sy mbolized the future.Mies’s sophis t i cated presentat ion masked the fact that the spaces he designed were s mall and eff ic ient,rather than big and often e mpty.The apar tments in the elegant towers Mies bui l t on Chicago’s Lake Shore Drive,for exa mple,were smal le r–two-bedroo m uni t s under1,000square fee t–than those in the i r older neighbors a long the c i t y’s Gold Coas t.But they were popular because of the i r a i ry glass wal l s,the views they af forded and the elegance of the bui ld ings’de ta i l s and propor t ions,the archi tec tura l equiva lent of the abs t rac t ar t so popular a t the t ime.The t rend toward“l ess”was not ent i re ly fore ign.In the1930s Frank Lloyd W right s ta r t ed bui ld ing m ore modes t and ef f i c ient houses–usua l ly around1,200 square fee t–t han the spreading two-s tory ones he had des igned in the1890s and the ear ly20th cen tu ry.The“Case Study Houses”com miss ioned f rom ta l en ted modern arch i tec t s by Cal i fo rn ia Ar t s&Archi tec ture magaz ine be tween1945and1962were ye t another ho megrown inf luence on the“l e ss i s more”t rend.Aes the t ic ef fec t came from the l andscape,new mater ia l s and for th r igh t de ta i l ing.In his Case Study House,Ralph Rapson may have mispred ic ted jus t how the mechanica l revo lu t ion would impac t everyday l i fe–few A merican fami l ies acquired hel icopters,though most eventua l ly got c lo thes dryers–but his bel ie f tha t se l f-suf f ic iency was both des i rab le and inev i tab le was wide ly shared.31.The pos twar A mer ican hous ing s ty le la rge ly re f lec ted the A mer icans’_____.[A]prosper i ty and growth[B]ef f ic iency and prac t ical i ty[C]res t ra in t and conf idence[D]pr ide and fa i th fu lness32.Which of the fo l lowing can be infe r red f rom Paragraph3about the Bauhaus?[A]I t was founded by Ludwig Mies van der Rohe.[B]I t s des ign ing concep t was af fec ted by Wor ld War I I.[C]Most A mer ican arch i t ec t s used to be assoc ia ted with i t.[D]I t had a grea t i n f luence upon A mer ican arch i tec t ure.33.Mies he ld tha t e legance of arch i tec tu ra l des ign_____.[A]was re la ted to la rge space[B]was iden t i f i ed wi th em pt iness[C]was not re l i an t on abundant decora t ion[D]was not assoc ia ted wi t h ef f ic iency34.What i s t rue about the apar tments Mies bui l t on Chicago’s Lake Shore Dr i ve?[A]They ignored de ta i l s and propor t ions.[B]They were bui l t wi th mater ia l s popula r a t tha t t i me.[C]They were more spac i ous than ne ighbor ing bui l dings.[D]They shared some charac te r i s t i c s of abs t rac t ar t.35.What can we learn about t he des ign of the“Case Study Houses”?[A]Mechanica l dev ices were wide ly used.[B]Natura l scenes were taken in to cons idera t ion.[C]Deta i l s were sacr i f i ced for the overa l l e f fec t.[D]Eco-f r i end ly mate r ia l s were employed.Text4Wil l the European Union make i t?The ques t ion w ould have sounded s t range not long ago.No w even the pro jec t’s grea tes t cheer leaders ta lk of a cont inent fac ing a“Bermuda t r iangle”of debt,popula t ion dec l ine and lower growth.As wel l as those chronic problems,the E U faces an acute cr is i s in i t s econo mic core,the16count r ies tha t use the s ingle cur rency.Marke ts have los t fa i th tha t the euro zone’s econo mies,weaker or s t ronger,wi l l one day converge thanks to the disc ip l ine of shar ing a s ingle cur rency,which denies uncom pet i t ive m e mbers the quick f ix of devalua t ion.Yet the debate about ho w to save Europe’s s ingle cur rency f r o m dis in tegra t ion is s tuck.I t i s s tuck because the euro zone’s do minant po wers, France and Germany,agree on the need for grea ter harmonisa t ion wi th in t he euro zone,but disagree about w hat to harmonise.Ger many th inks the euro must be saved by s t r ic te r ru les on borrowing, spending and co mpet i t iveness,backed by quas i-au tomat ic sanc t ions for govern ments tha t do not obey.These might inc lude threa ts to f reeze E U funds for poorer reg ions and E U m ega-pro jec ts,and even the suspens ion of a count ry’s vot ing r ights in E U minis te r ia l counci l s.I t ins i s t s tha t econo mic co-ordina t ion should involve al l27m e mbers of the E U club,a mong who m there is a smal l m ajor i ty for f ree-marke t l ibera l i sm and econo mic r igour;in the inner core alone, Ger many fears,a smal l m ajor i ty favour French inter ference.A“sou thern”camp headed by France wants some th ing di f fe ren t:“European econo mic govern ment”with in an inner core of euro-zone me mbers.Trans la ted, tha t means pol i t ic ians in tervening in monetary pol icy and a syst em of redis t r ibu t ion f rom r icher to poorer me mbers,v ia cheaper borrowing for govern ments through com m on Eurobonds or com ple te f i sca l t ransfers.Fina l ly, f igures c lose to the Franch govern ment have m ur mured,euro-zone m e mbers should agree to so me f isca l and soc ia l harmonisat ion:e.g.,curb ing co mpet i t ion in corpora te-tax ra tes or labour cos ts.I t i s too soon to wri te of f the E U.I t remains the wor ld’s la rges t t rad ing block. At i t s bes t,the European pro jec t is remarkably l ibera l:bui l t around a s ingle m arket of27r ich and poor count r ies,i t s in te rnal borders are far more open to goods,capi ta l and labour than any co mparable t rad ing area.I t i s an a m bi t ious a t tempt to blunt the sharpes t edges of global i sa t ion,and make capi ta l i sm benign.36.The E U is faced wi th so many problems tha t_____.[A]i t has more or less los t fa i th in marke t s[B]even i t s suppor te r s begin to fee l concerned[C]some of i t s me mber count r ies p lan to abandon euro[D]i t i n tends to deny the poss ib i l i ty of deva lua t ion37.The debate over the E U’s s ingle cur rency is s tuck because the do minantpo wers_____.[A]are co mpet ing for the l ead ing pos i t ion[B]are busy handl ing the i r own cr i ses[C]fa i l t o reach an agreement on harmonisa t ion[D]disagree on the s teps t owards d is in tegra t ion38.To so lve the euro probl em,Germany proposed tha t_____.[A]E U funds for poor regions be increased[B]s t r i c te r regu la t ions be imposed[C]only core me mbers be involved in econo mic co-ord ina t ion[D]vot ing r igh t s of the EU me mbers be guaran teed39.The French proposa l of handl ing the cr i s i s impl i es tha t_____.[A]poor count r ies are more l ike ly to ge t funds[B]s t r i c t moneta ry pol icy wil l be appl ied to poor count r ies[C]loans wi l l be read i ly ava i lab le to r ich count r ies[D]r ich count r ies wi l l basi ca l ly con t ro l Eurobonds40.Regard ing the fu ture of the E U,the au thor seems to fee l_____.[A]pess imis t i c[B]despera te[C]conce i t ed[D]hopefu lPart BDirect ions:Read the fo l lowing tex t and answer the ques t ions by f ind ing informat ion from the r igh t column tha t corresponds to each of the m arked deta i l s given in the lef t column.There are two ext ra choices in the r igh t column.Mark your answers on A N S W E R S H E ET1.(10poin t s)Leading doc tors today we igh in on the deba te over the government’s ro le in pro mot ing publ ic hea l th by de manding tha t min i s te rs impose“f a t taxes”on unheal thy food and int roduce cigare t te-s ty le warnings to chi ldren about the dangers of a poor die t.The de mands fo l low com ments made las t week by the hea l th secre tary, A ndrew Lans ley,who ins is ted the govern ment could not force people t o make heal thy choices and pro m i sed to f ree bus inesses f r o m publ ic hea l th regula t i ons.But senior medica l f igures want to s top fas t-food out le t s opening near schools,res t r ic t adver t i s ing of products high in fa t,sa l t or sugar,and l imi t sponsorsh ip of spor ts events by fas t-food producers such as Mc Donald’s.They argue tha t governmen t ac t ion is necessa ry to curb Br i t a in’s add ic t ion to unhea l thy food and he lp ha l t sp i ra l ing ra tes of obes i ty,d iabe tes and hear t disease. Professor Terence Stephenson,pres iden t of the Roya l Col lege of Paed ia t r i c s and Chi ld Heal th,sa id tha t t he consu mpt ion of unheal thy food should be seen to be jus t as da maging as so mking or excess ive dr inking.“Th i r ty years ago,i t would have been inconceivable to have imagined a ban on s moking in the workpl ace or in pubs,and yet t hat is what we have now.Are we wil l ing to be jus t as courageous in respec t of obes i ty?I would sugges t tha t we should be,”sa id the leader of the U K’s chi ldren’s doctors.Lans ley has a larmed hea l th ca mpaigners by sugges t ing he wants indust ry ra ther than govern ment t o take the lead.He sa id tha t manufac turers of cr i sps and candies could play a centra l ro le in the Change4Li fe campaign,the cent repiece of government ef for t s to boos t hea l thy ea t ing and f i tness.He has a lso cr i t ic i sed the ce lebr i ty chef Jamie Ol i ver’s h igh-prof i le a t tempt to improve school lunches in England as an exa mple of how“l ec tur ing”people was not the bes t way to change the i r behaviour.Stephenson sugges ted potent ia l res t r ic t ions could inc lude banning T V adver t i sements for foods high in fa t,sa l t or sugar before9p m and l imi t i ng them on bi l lboards or in c inemas.“I f we were rea l ly bold,we might even begin to th ink of high-ca lor ie fas t food in the same way as c igare t tes–by se t t ing s t r ic t l i mits on adver t i s ing,product place ment and sponsorsh ip of spor t s events,”he sa id.Such a move could af fec t f i rms such as Mc Donald’s,which sponsors t he youth coaching sche me run by the Footba l l Assoc ia t ion.Fas t-food chains should a lso s top offer ing“induce ments”such as toys,cute animals and mobi l e phone credi t to lure young cus tom ers,Stephenson sa id.Professor Dinesh Bhugra,pres ident of the Roya l Col lege of Psychia t r i s t s, sa id:“I f chi ldren are taught about the impact that food has on the i r growth,and tha t so me th ings can harm,at leas t informat ion is avai lab le up front.”He also urged counc i l s t o impose“f a s t-food-f ree zones”a round schools and hosp i ta l s–a reas wi th in which takeaways cannot open.A Depar tment of Heal th spokesperson sa id:“We need to crea te a new vis i on fo r publ ic hea l th where al l of soc ie ty works toge ther to ge t hea l thy and l ive longer. This inc ludes crea t ing a new‘r espons ib i l i ty deal’wi th bus iness,bui l t on soc ia l respons ib i l i ty,not s ta te regula t ter th is year,we wi l l publ i sh a whi t e paper se t t ing out exac t ly how we wi l l achieve th is.”The food indus t ry wi l l be a la rmed tha t such sen i or doc to rs back such radi ca l m oves,especia l ly the cal l to use so me of the tough tac t ics tha t have been deployed aga ins t smoking over the las t decade.[A]“f a t taxes”shou ld be imposed on fas t-foodproducers such as Mc Dona ld’s.41.Andrew Lans ley he ld tha t[B]the government should ban fas t-food out le t sin the ne ighborhood of schools.42.Terence Stephenson agreed[C]“l ec tu r ing”was an ef fec t ive way to improvetha t school lunches in England.43.Jamie Ol iver seemed to[D]cigarette-style warnings should bebe l ieve tha t introduced to ch i ld ren about the dangers ofa poor d ie t.44.Dinesh Bhugra sugges ted[E]the producers of cr i sps and candi es cou ldtha t cont r ibu te s ign i f i can t ly t o the Change4Li fecampaign.45.A Depar tment of Heal th[F]paren t s should se t good examples fo r the i rspokesperson proposed tha t ch i ld ren by keep ing a hea l thy die t a t ho me.[G]the govern ment should s t rengthen the senseof respons ib i l i ty among bus inesses.Sec t ion I I I Trans la t ion46.Direct ions:In th i s sec t ion there is a tex t in Engl i sh.Transl a t e i t in to Chinese.Wri t e your t r ans la t ion on A NS W E R S H EET2.(15poin t s)W ho would have thought tha t,g loba l ly,the IT indus t ry produces about t he same volume of greenhouse gases as the wor ld’s a i r l ines do–roughly2percen t of a l l C O2e miss ions?M any everyday tasks take a surpr i s ing to l l on the envi ron ment.A Google search can leak between0.2and7.0grams of C O2,depending on how many at tempts are needed to get the“r ight”answer.To del iver resul t s to i t s users quickly,then,Google has to mainta in vas t da ta cent res around the wor ld,packed with powerfu l co mputers.Whi le producing large quant i t ies of C O2,these co mputers emi t a grea t dea l of hea t,so the cent res need to be wel l a i r-condi t ioned, w hich uses even more energy.H o wever,Google and other big tech providers moni tor the i r ef f ic iency c lose ly and make improve ments.Moni tor ing is the f i r s t s tep on the road to reduct ion,but there is much more to be done,and not jus t by big co mpanies.Sec t ion IV Wri t ingPart A47.Direc t ions:Suppose your cous in Li Ming has jus t been ad m i t t ed to a univers i ty.Writ e him/her a le t te r to1)congra tu la te h im/he r,and2)g ive h im/her sugges t ions on how to ge t prepared for un ive rs i ty l i fe.You shou ld wr i t e abou t100words on A NS W E R S H EET2.Do not s ign your own nam e a t t he end of the le t t e e“Zhang Wei”i ns tead.Do not wr i t e t he address.(10po in t s)Part B48.Direct ions:W ri te an essay based on the fo l lowing char t.In your wri t ing,you should1)in te rpre t the char t and2)g ive your com ments.You should wr i te a t l eas t150words.W ri te your essay on A NSW E R S H E ET2.(15poin t s)。

经典20套送2011年3月真题汇总

第一套理论题1、计算机网络分局域网、城域网和广域网，______属于局域网。

A、ChinaDDN网B、Novell网C、Chinanet网D、Internet2、下列叙述中，错误的是______。

A、把数据从内存传输到硬盘的操作称为写盘B、WPS Office 2003属于系统软件C、把高级语言源程序转换为等价的机器语言目标程序的过程叫编译D、计算机内部对数据的传输、存储和处理都使用二进制3、能直接与CPU交换信息的存储器是______。

A、硬盘存储器B、CD-ROMC、内存储器D、软盘存储器4、域名中主机名是______。

A、MHB、EDUC、CND、BIT5、以下关于电子邮件的说法，不正确的是______。

A、电子邮件的英文简称是E-mailB、加入因特网的每个用户通过申请都可以得到一个"电子信箱"C、在一台计算机上申请的"电子信箱"，以后只有通过这台计算机上网才能收信D、一个人可以申请多个电子信箱6、下列关于计算机病毒的叙述中，错误的一条是______。

A、计算机病毒具有潜伏性B、计算机病毒具有传染性C、感染过计算机病毒的计算机具有对该病毒的免疫性D、计算机病毒是一个特殊的寄生程序7、下列各组软件中，全部属于应用软件的是______。

A、程序语言处理程序、操作系统、数据库管理系统B、文字处理程序、编辑程序、Unix操作系统C、财务处理软件、金融软件、WPS Office 2003D、Word 2003、Photoshop、Windows XP8、把用高级语言编写的源程序转换为可执行程序（.exe），要经过的过程叫做______。

A、汇编和解释B、编辑和连接C、编译和连接D、解释和编译9、世界上公认的第一台电子计算机诞生的年代是______。

A、1943B、1946C、1950D、195110、在微机的配置中常看到"P4 2.4G"字样，其中数字"2.4G"表示______。

2011年国考真题(完整版)附答案(word)

2011年中央机关及其直属机构公务员录用考试真题1、社会建设与人民幸福安康息息相关。

党的十七大报告提出，要加快推进以改善民生为重点的社会建设，下列各项不属于社会建设范畴的是：A.在学校建立贫困生资助体系B.为低收入家庭提供住房保障C.扩大各项社会保险的覆盖范围D.强化政府服务职能,建设服务型政府2、随着综合国力的提升,我国在国际社会中的作用与影响越来越突出,下列说法正确的是:A.我国的出口贸易额在“金砖四国”中位居第二B.我国目前是二十国集团中唯一的亚洲发展中国家C.我国在哥本哈根气候峰会上提出了单位GDP碳减排的量化目标D.我国已与周边所有的邻国建立正式的外交关系4、我国的能源条件可以概括为：A、缺煤、富油、少气B、富煤、缺油、少气C、缺煤、缺油、多气D、富煤、富油、多气5、关于我国第六次人口普查，下列表述正确的是（）。

A.其标准时点是2010年1月1日至2010年12月31日B.所取得的数据不得作为对普查对象实施处罚的依据C.所需经费由中央政府完全负担，列入相应年度的财政预算D.采用按户口所在地登记的原则7、下列关于我国人大代表选举的表述，不正确的是：A.1953年通过的选举法规定，全国人大代表的选举，各省按每80万人选代表1人，直辖市和人口在50万以上的省辖市按每10万人选代表1人。

B.1979年修订的选举法规定，自治州、县、自治县人大代表中，农村每一代表所代表的人口数4倍于镇每一代表所代表的人口数，省、自治区人大为5:1，全国人大为8:1。

C.1995年修改的选举法规定，省、自治区和全国人大代表中，农村每一代表与城市每一代表所代表的人口数为4:1，自治州、县、自治县仍是4:1。

D.2010年修改的选举法规定，全国人民代表大会代表名额，按照每一代表所代表的城乡人口数2:1的原则，以及保证各地区、各民族、各方面都有适当数量代表的要求进行分配。

8、根据我国国防动员法的有关规定，在国家的主权、统一、领土完整和安全遭受威胁时，决定全国总动员或局部动员和发布动员令的分别是：A、全国人民代表大会、国务院总理B、国家主席、国务院总理C、全国人民代表大会常务委员会、国家主席D、全国人民代表大会常务委员会委员长、国家主席14、关于我国的军衔制度，下列说法正确的是：A.士兵军衔肩章版面底色有棕绿色、天蓝色、黑色三种；B.一般分为帅、将、校、尉、士五个等级C.刘伯承、陈毅、粟裕等人曾被授予元帅军衔D.中国人民解放军第一次实行军衔制度是在1949年16、2010年新成立的我国第三个副省级新区是：A 上海浦东B 新疆喀什C 重庆两江D 天津滨海17、我国民族关系中的“三个离不开”指：A.少数民族的发展离不开自身的努力，离不开发达地区的帮助，离不开国家政策的支持B.汉族离不开少数民族，少数民族离不开汉族，少数民族之间也相互离不开C.民族关系的和谐离不开经济发展，离不开民族政策教育，离不开法制建设D.各民族的团结离不开共同繁荣，离不开共同发展，离不开共同进步18、下列对地震的表述，不正确的：A.震源的深度越浅，地震破坏力越大，波及范围也越广B.我国地震带主要分布在台湾西南、西北、华北、东南沿海C.我国位于世界两大地震带—环太平洋地震带与欧亚地震带之间D.2008汶州地震是我国自1949以来破坏最强，波及范围最广的一次25、下列有关生活常识的说法，不正确的是：A、夏天不易穿深色衣服，深色衣服比浅色衣服更易吸收辐射热B、驱肠虫药若饭后服用，不易达到最好的驱虫效果C、按照建筑采光要求，相同高度的住宅群，昆明的楼房间距应该比哈尔滨的楼房间距大D、在汽车玻璃清洗液中加入适当比例的酒精，可使其抗冻效果更好26、荀子认为，人的知识、智慧、品德等，都是由后天学习、积累而来的。

2011年考研法律硕士(专业课)真题及答案(完整打印版)范文

2011年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试法律硕士(非法学)专业学位联考专业基础课(科目代码：398)考生注意事项1．答题前，考生须在答题卡和答题纸指定位置上填写考生姓名、报考单位和考生编号，同时在答题卡上涂写考生编号的信息点。

2．选择题的答案必须涂写在答题卡相应题号的选项上，非选择题的答案必须书写在答题纸指定位置的边框区域内。

写在其他地方无效。

3．填(书)写部分必须使用蓝(黑)色字迹钢笔、圆珠笔或签字笔，涂写部分必须使用2B铅笔。

4．考试结束，将答题卡、答题纸和试题一并装入试题袋中交回。

一、单项选择题：第l～40小题，每小题1分，共40分。

下列每题给出的四个选项中，有一个选项是符合题目要求的。

请在答题上将所选项的字母涂黑。

1． A国驻华金融机构工作人员甲策划、参与了由中国向A国走私文物的犯罪活动。

对甲应当A．直接驱逐出境B．通过外交途径解决其刑事责任C．适用我国法律追究其刑事责任D．适用A国法律追究其刑事责任2．甲是某运输公司的经理，为了抢运煤炭，甲亲自跟车督促驾驶。

在驾驶员乙已连续驾驶10多个小时的情况下，甲仍强令乙继续驾驶。

乙因过度疲劳，操作失当，在驾驶中撞死路边一摆摊商贩。

关于本案，下列说法中正确的是A．甲构成重大责任事故罪B．甲、乙成立交通肇事罪共犯C．甲构成交通肇事罪D．甲构成强令违章冒险作业罪3．甲喜新厌旧，欲杀害妻子乙后与情妇结婚，虽然明知其儿子丙有与乙在同一饭碗里吃饭的习惯，由于杀乙心切而不顾丙的死活，仍在乙的饭碗里投放毒药。

结果乙、丙均中毒身亡。

本案中甲对丙死亡的心理态度是A．直接故意B．间接故意C．过于自信的过失D．疏忽大意的过失4．我国1997年刑法关于溯及力的规定采取的是A．从旧原则B．从新原则C．从新兼从轻原则D．从旧兼从轻原则5．甲酒后到一洗浴中心进行足浴，发现为其洗脚的女服务员乙很漂亮，于是提出要与乙发生性行为，遭乙拒绝。

甲便采取暴力欲强奸乙。

乙在反抗中用修脚刀刺死了甲。

2011年高考卷及答案

2011年高考卷及答案（考试时间：90分钟，满分：100分）一、选择题（共7题，每题4分，满分28分）1. （4分）下列选项中，不属于我国古代四大发明的是：A. 指南针B. 火药C. 印刷术D. 望远镜A. 秦朝B. 汉朝C. 唐朝D. 宋朝A. 牛顿B. 爱因斯坦C. 伽利略D. 焦耳4. （4分）下列哪个元素在周期表中属于碱金属？A. 氢B. 氧C. 钠D. 硫A. 巴黎B. 罗马C. 威尼斯D. 雅典6. （4分）下列哪个作家是《红楼梦》的作者？A. 曹雪芹B. 罗贯中C. 施耐庵D. 吴承恩A. 《史记》B. 《资治通鉴》C. 《汉书》D. 《后汉书》二、填空题（共5题，每题4分，满分20分）1. （4分）我国古代著名的军事家孙武所著的兵书是《__________》。

2. （4分）2008年北京奥运会的主体育场被称为“__________”。

3. （4分）地球上的生命起源于大约__________亿年前。

4. （4分）我国唐代诗人杜甫被后人尊称为“__________”。

5. （4分）力的国际单位是__________。

三、简答题（共3题，每题10分，满分30分）1. （10分）简述我国古代的“文景之治”。

2. （10分）解释牛顿第三定律，并给出一个实例。

3. （10分）请列举我国四大名著及其作者。

四、计算题（共2题，每题10分，满分20分）1. （10分）已知物体在水平面上做匀速直线运动，速度为5m/s，运动时间为10秒。

求物体在这段时间内通过的路程。

2. （10分）在直角坐标系中，点A(2,3)和点B(3,1)分别表示两个物体所在的位置。

求这两个物体之间的距离。

五、论述题（共1题，满分12分）（12分）结合所学知识，谈谈你对我国科技发展的认识，以及如何为我国科技发展做出贡献。

六、名词解释（共5题，每题4分，满分20分）1. （4分）DNA2. （4分）文艺复兴3. （4分）相对论4. （4分）宏观经济5. （4分）三国演义七、判断题（共5题，每题3分，满分15分）1. （3分）孔子是我国古代著名的哲学家、教育家，他的思想核心是“仁爱”。

2011年山东事业编考试真题-回忆版

回忆版：试卷结构：单选、多选、作文，其中单选、多选共80题，作文题目：一辈子做好一件事。

注：本次考试作文部门分为两部分，先简答（5分），后写作（25分）1 我国有哪些民族党派？——中国国民党革命委员会、中国民主同盟、中国民主建国会、中国民主促进会、中国农工民主党、中国致公党、九三学社、台湾民主自治同盟(中国多党合作制度中包括中国共产党和八个民主党派。

)2改革、稳定、发展三者关系(改革、发展和稳定是一个辩证统一的，改革是发展的动力，是实现长期稳定的基础；发展是改革的目的，是稳定最可靠的保证；稳定则是改革、发展的前提条件，也是发展的重要要求，在政治和社会稳定中推进改革和发展，在改革和发展的推进中实现政治和社会的长期稳定。

处理改革发展稳定的关系，要根据客观情况的不断变化而有所侧重。

)3物权的担保权——质权抵押权留置权抵押权抵押权是债务人或第三人向债权人提供不动产作为清偿债务的担保而不转移占有所产生的担保物权。

当债务人到期不履行债务时，抵押权人有权就抵押财产的价金优先受偿。

他可以申请法院变卖抵押财产抵偿其债权；如有剩余应退还抵押人，如有不足仍可向债务人继续追索。

但对不能强制执行的财产不能设定抵押权。

质权质权是债权人因担保债权，占有债务人或第三人移交的财产，并可就其卖得的价金优先接受清偿的权利。

留置权留置权是债权人对已占有的债务人的动产，在未清偿前加以留置作为担保的权利。

4发达国家调节经济的手段——财政政策货币政策收入政策产业政策5两道数学计算题不难其中有:求成本价和售价之比7山东省情海岸线(山东海岸线全长2531公里，仅次于福建省、广东省、浙江省，居全国第四。

气候什么（我国有热带季风气候，亚热带季风气候，温带季风气候，温带大陆性气候，高山高原气候）热带季风气候分布在广东广西南部，海南岛亚热带季风气候北至秦岭淮河，包括四川盆地，云贵高原，江南丘陵，两广丘陵，长江中下游平原地区温带季风气候包括华北平原，东北平原，黄土高原温带大陆性气候分布在内蒙古高原，西北地区高山高原气候分布在青藏高原影响我国气候的主要因素是海陆位置和纬度位置）卫生部等五部委2010年2月23日联合发布《关于公立医院改革试点的指导意见》。

2011高考英语真题附答案打印版

2011年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（江西卷）英语试题第一部分：听力（满分30分）1．What does the man like about the play?A．The story. B．The ending. C．The actor.2．Which place are the speakers trying to find?A．A hotel. B．A bank. C．A restaurant.3．At what time will the two speakers meet?A．5:20. B．5:10. C．4:40.4．What will the man do?A．Change the plan. B．Wait for a phone call. C．Sort things out.5．What does the woman want to do?A．See a film with the man. B．Offer the man some help. C．Listen to some great music. 第二节（共15小题；每题1.5分，满分22.5分）听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。

6．Where is Ben?A．In the kitchen. B．At school. C．In the park.7．What will the children do in the afternoon?A．Help set the table. B．Have a party. C．Do their homework.听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。

8．What are the two speakers talking about?A．A family holiday. B．A business trip. C．A travel plan.9．Where did Rachel go?A．Spain. B．Italy. C．China.听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。

2011年成人高考试题

2011年成人高考试题注：以下文档为2011年成人高考试题，用于参考和学习目的。

第一部分：选择题（共40题，每题2分，共80分）1.以下选项中，符合韩国文化特点的是：• A. 尊重传统礼仪• B. 提倡个人主义• C. 崇尚多元文化• D. 偏爱西方文化2.在日本，下列哪个行为被认为是失礼的：• A. 鞠躬• B. 握手• C. 目不斜视• D. 对话时微笑3.以下国家中，拥有最多自然资源的是：• A. 美国• B. 中国• C. 印度• D. 巴西4.在信息化时代，下列哪种职业未来发展潜力较大：• A. 服务行业• B. 制造业• C. 农业• D. 金融业…第二部分：简答题（共5题，每题10分，共50分）1.请简要介绍互联网的发展历程。

•互联网的发展可以追溯到1969年，当时美国建立了第一个计算机网络ARPANET。

随后，互联网逐渐发展成为全球性的信息网络，促进了信息的交流和共享。

2.解释什么是全球化？•全球化是指国际社会各个领域之间相互依存程度加深的现象。

它涉及经济、政治、文化等多个方面，使世界各地的国家、民族和人民都产生了密切的关联和相互影响。

3.请列举三个十分重要的环境问题，并提出解决方案。

1)气候变化问题：减少温室气体排放，推广可再生能源，提倡低碳生活方式。

2)水资源短缺问题：加强水资源管理，提高水资源利用效率，发展水资源保护技术。

3)生物多样性丧失问题：加大保护自然生态系统力度，推动合理使用自然资源，倡导生物多样性保护教育。

4.解释什么是人口老龄化？•人口老龄化是指社会中老年人口占比逐渐增加，劳动力人口减少的现象。

这种现象通常是由于人口出生率下降和寿命延长所导致的。

5.请简要介绍中国改革开放的历史背景和主要措施。

•中国改革开放始于1978年，是在中国经济改革的背景下推出的一系列改革政策。

改革开放的主要背景是中国经济发展遇到了一系列问题，需要通过改革来解决。

改革开放的主要措施包括农村经济改革、外贸改革、企业改革等，使中国经济发生了巨大的变革和发展。

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