动词不定式
动词不定式
动词不定式一. 定义:动词不定式是非谓语动词的一种,它没有人称和数的变化,在句子中不能独立作谓语,但它仍保持动词的特点,既可以有自己的宾语和状语。
同时动词不定式又具有名词、形容词、副词的特征,在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语。
二. 动词不定式的构成:to+动词原形三. 动词不定式作宾语后面能接不定式作宾语的动词有:agree, ask, choose, decide, forget, hope, learn, want, wish, would like等。
We hope to get there before dark. 我们希望天黑以前到那儿。
The girl decided to do it herself. 那个姑娘决定自己做那件事。
动词不定式作宾语的注意事项(2点)1. 有些动词既可跟不定式作宾语,也可跟动名词作宾语,但含义不同:remember to do记住要做某事remember doing记得曾经做过某事forget to do忘记要做某事forget doing忘记曾经做过某事stop to do停下来去做某事stop doing停止做某事go on to do继续做另一件事go on doing继续做原来在做的事I remember seeing you somewhere before.我记得以前在哪儿见过你。
Please remember to turn off the light when you leave.离开时请记得关好灯。
2. 不定式作宾语时,如带有宾语补足语,则要把不定式放到后面,用it作形式宾语,构成“主语+动词+it+宾补(形容词、名词)+不定式”结构。
如:He found it very difficult to get to sleep.他发现很难入睡。
四. 动词不定式作宾语补足语1. 后面能接to不定式作宾语补足语的动词有:ask, order, teach, tell, want, wish, help等。
动词不定式
To do the homework takes us an hour ork.
2.爬陡峭的山是危险的。
To climb steep mountain is very dangerous . =It is very dangerous to climb steep mountains.
It is easy for me to solve the problem.
It is very kind of you to help me .
做主语的动词不定式结构 (一).To do something is +形容词。= It is +形容词to do something .(做某事是怎样的)
B
1.He’d better ___B______ in the street .
A. not to play B. not play C. not playing
2. Do you enjoy ___C____________ a kite in the open air ?
A. to fly B. fly
My sister likes _e_a__ti_n_g__ meat for lunch .
This lunch she likes ______vegetables for lunch .
to eat
请别忘记动词后的介词
Who are you looking __f_o_r____? I need a pen to write __w_i_t_h___. She need a piece of paper to write _o__n____. He is the boy the teacher often talk _t_o__/_w_i.th Whom are you waiting __f_o_r_______ . Who is the next that the doctor will look _o_v_e_r___.
动词不定式
动词不定式一、动词不定式的概念非谓语动词包括动词不定式、动名词、现在分词和过去分词。
动词不定式(The Infinitive)一般由“to + 动词原形”构成。
它在句中起名词、形容词或副词的作用,同时也保留着动词的一些特征,它可以有自己的宾语或状语。
二、不定式的功能与用法(1)作主语:To see is to believe.眼见为实。
(百闻不如一见)To know everything is to know nothing. 事事皆懂,无一精通。
注意:不定式作主语时,常用it 作形式主语,而将作主语的不定式放在句子后部。
例如:It is exciting to surf the Internet. 上网是件令人兴奋的事。
It’s necessary for you to lock the car when you do not use it.不用车的时候,锁车是有必要的。
It’s very kind of him to help us.他帮助我们,他真好。
★It's …for sb. ... 和It's…. of sb. …这样的句子中,由于表语形容词性质的不同,导致了不定式逻辑主语标志用for 或of的区别。
1)for sb.句型中的形容词一般为表示事物的特征、特点,表示客观形式的形容词,如easy, hard, difficult, interesting, impossible等:例如:It’s very hard for him to study two languages. 对他来说学两门外语是很难的。
2)of sb.句型中的形容词一般为表示性格,品德,心智能力,表示主观感情或态度的形容词,如good, kind, nice, clever, foolish, right。
例如:It seemed selfish of him not to give them anything.他不给他们任何东西,这显得太自私了。
(完整版)英语动词不定式大全
英语动词不定式大全动词不定式是一种活跃的非谓语动词.它在句中起的是名词。
形容词或副词的作用,可在句子中作主语。
宾语。
定语。
状语和宾语补足语。
动词不定式的形式是"to +动词原形",但to有时要省去。
动词不定式在具体运用时,用不用to,取决于谓语动词的用法:一。
带to的不定式结构1.我们学过的能直接跟带to的不定式结构的动词主要有:want, ask, tell, hope, learn, try, decide, forget, remember, like ,love, stop, go, come等。
2.动词不定式的否定形式是在不定式前直接加not,即not to do sth。
例如:Jim told me not to wake up Kate.吉姆告诉我别叫醒凯特.二。
不带to的不定式结构以下几种情况使用不带to的动词不定式:1。
在固定词组had better之后。
注意:had better的否定形式是had better not do sth.。
例如:You had better go home now。
你最好现在回家.It’s cold outside. You'd better not go out。
外面很冷,你最好不要出去。
2.在let,make,see, feel, watch,hear等感官或使役动词后,要跟不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语.例如:I made them give me the money back.我迫使他们把钱还给我。
I didn't see you come in.我没看见你进来.3.在引导疑问句的why not之后。
"Why not+不带to的不定式"是Why don't you do…的省略,可以用来提出建议或劝告。
例如:Why not go with us。
为什么不和我们一起去呢。
Why not take a holiday。
动词不定式
Infinitive不定式用法知识要点要点四语法动词不定式动词不定式由“to+动词原形”构成,其否定形式是“not to do”。
(1)不定式的用法①作主语:不定式短语作主语时,句子的谓语动词常用单数,其位置有两种。
a.把不定式置于句首。
例句:To get there by bike will take us half an hour.骑自行车去那里要花半个小时。
b.用it作形式主语,把真正的主语(不定式)置于句后,常用于下列句式中:It+be+名词+to do sth.知识要点例句:It’s our duty to obey the law.遵守法律是我们的责任。
It takes sb.+some time+to do sth.例句:How long did it take you to finish the work?完成这项工作花了你多长时间?It+be+形容词+for sb.+to do sth.注意:在表示事物性质的形容词后常用介词for,这类形容词有hard,easy,heavy,necessary,possible,important,difficult等。
例句:It’s hard for him to get rid of his bad habits.对他来说改掉坏习惯很难。
It+be+形容词+of sb.+to do sth.注意:在表示性格特征、行为表现的形容词后用介词of,这类形容词常用的有good,kind, nice,clever,honest,wise,careful,brave,careles s,cruel,foolish,rude,stupid,silly等。
例句:It is stupid of you to write down everything the teacher says.把老师说的每件事都记下来,你真是愚蠢。
It seems (appears)+形容词+to do sth.例句:It seemed impossible to save money.存钱似乎不太可能。
动词的不定式
动词不定式动词不定式在中学英语中应用非常广泛,一方面在句中可以起名词,形容词,或副词的作用,同时也可在句中做主语,宾语,表语等。
动词不定式的形式一般是“to+动词原形”,但是to 有时候可以省去。
(一)不定式做主语动词不定式做主语时,句子中谓语动词常用单数,其位置有以下两种。
1.把动词不定式置于句首。
To see is to believe .百闻不如一见2.用it 做形式主语,把真正的主语不定式放在后面,常有以下句型(1).It+be +名词+to do sth.It’s our duty to take good care of the old. 好好照顾老人是我们的责任。
(2)It takes sb +some time +to do sthHow long did it take you to finish the work? 完成这项工作你花了多少时间(3)It +be+形容词+for sb+to do sth.It’s necessary for you to lock the car.锁车是很有必要的。
(4)It +be +形容词+ of sb+to do sth.It was silly of us to believe him.我们真愚蠢,竟然相信了他的话。
(5)It seems\appears +形容词+to do sth.It seemed impossible to save money.省钱看起来是不可能的(二)动词不定式做宾语能以不定式做宾语的动词很多,常见的有:want,like,wish,hate,prefer,hope,continue,manage,try,ask,offer,start,forge t,promise,mean,pretend,intend,begin,attempt,decide,learn,desire,agree, care,choose,determine,undertake,expect等。
动词不定式
C-不定式的概念、作用语法梳理不定式一、概念:在语法中,动词不定式是指动词的一种不带词形变化从而不指示人称、数量、时态的形式。
形式为:to+动词原形+其他。
之所以被叫做不定式,是因为动词不被限定,或者说不被词形变化所局限。
不定式属于非谓语动词。
不定式的时态有:一般式、进行式、完成式和完成进行式。
二、不定式的作用1、作主语。
不定式作主语时,谓语用单数。
往往用it作形式主语,把不定式放在谓语后面。
如:It took us two hours to finish the job.It is impossible for us to get there on time.It is very kind of you to help us.注意:(1)其他系动词如look, appear等也可用于此句型。
(2)当不定式作主语的句子中又有一个不定式作表语时,不能用It is …to…的句型。
试比较:It is to negate(取消,否定)my own idea to believe him.(错)To believe him is to negate my own idea .(对)(3)It is+ adj. of / for sb. to do sth. 结构中,当不定式的逻辑主语和前面的形容词可以构成系表结构时,用of, 否则用for.2、作宾语(1)动词+不定式。
如:He managed to escape from the fire.I find it hard to get along with him.(it 作形式宾语)(2)动词+疑问词+to , “特殊疑问句+不定式”相当于名词,作宾语。
如:I don’t know what to do next/ how to do it next.I can’t decide when to go there.注意:不定式短语作宾语时,如果还带有宾语补足语,往往把不定式短语放在宾语补足语之后,用it 作形式宾语。
动词不定式
• 二、功能如同名形副 不定式在句子中相当于名词、形容词、副词。 1、不定式可以作主语、宾语和表语,相当于一个名 词,如: To see is to believe. 眼见为实。 注意:在系表结构中,当主语是表示目的的名词(如 purpose、aim、objective、goal、intention等)时,表语要 用不定式,如: Our goal is to satisfy customers' needs. 我们的目标 是满足顾客的需要。 2、不定式可以作定语和补语,相当于一个形容词, 如: John is the first disabled person to sail around the world. 约翰是第一个环球航行的残疾人。 3、不定式可以作状语,相当于一个副词。不定式常 作目的状语,此时它也常用于一些固定搭配(如in order to、 so as to等),如: Many people open blogs so as to exchange their own views and thoughts with others. 许多人创建博客, 以便和他人交流自己的观点和看法。
• 动词不定式 • 动词不定式在中学英语中应用非常广泛,一方 面在句中可起名词、形容词或副词的作用,同 时也可在句中作主语、宾语、定语、状语和宾 语补足语。动词不定式的形式一般是to +动词 原形,但to有时要省去。而动词不定式在具体 运用时用不用to,取决于谓语动词的用法。现 就以下几方面介绍如下。
•
地点状语从句 (adverbial clause of place) 地点状语 从句一般由连接副词where, wherever等引导,已经形成 了固定的句型.
• Where+地点从句,( +地点从句,(there)+主句。 )+主句 【注意】此 ,( )+主句。 句型通常译成“哪里……哪里就……”;主句在从句后面 时,there可用可不用;如果主句在从句的前面时,一般 都不用there。例如: Where there is no rain, farming is difficult or impossible.在没有雨水的地方,耕作 是困难的,或根本不可能的。 They were good persons. Where they went, there they were warmly welcomed. 他们都是好人。因此他们走到哪里都受到热烈 欢迎。 You should have put the book where you found it. 你本来应该把书放回原来的地方。 Where the Communist Party of China goes, there the people are liberated.哪里有了中国共产党,哪里人民得解放。
动词不定式
动词不定式&双宾语一、动词不定式1.动词不定式作宾语:动词+to do(带to不定式)动词不定式置于谓语动词之后,作动词的宾语,表明意图、希望或决定的内容。
常见的动词有:plan, decide, hope, want, agree, offer, try, like, love, ask, start, remember,learn, happen等。
如:I hope to see the film this weekend.They decided to visit the Great Wall next year.2.动词不定式作宾语补足语:(1).宾语补足语是用来补充说明宾语的。
表示宾语的状态、特征、身份等。
可接动词不定式作宾补的有:ask, tell, allow, help, would like, expect, warn等。
如:The WWF chose the panda to be its symbol.I ask my mother to help me.(2).使役动词:let, make等后面接不带to的动词不定式作宾补。
如:He makes everyone laugh.(3).感官动词:see, hear, notice, watch, listen to等后面接不带to的动词不定式作宾补。
如:I hear her sing this song.3.动词不定式的否定式:not to do sth./ not do sth.如:She tells me not to touch anything.4.动词不定式作目的状语:表示“做某事是为了什么”。
此时,不定式既可以放在句首,也可以放在句尾。
如:I revised my lessons carefully to get good marks in the test.= To get good marks, I revised my lessons carefully.为了在考试中取得好成绩,我认真地复习功课。
英语不定式
概念:动词不定式一.动词不定式由to+动词原形构成。
这里的to是不定式标志,没有词义。
不定式具有名词、形容词或副词的某些语法功能,又有动词的时态和语态的特点及作用。
可以做主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、定语、状语。
二.动词不定式的形式和时态动词不定式是非谓语动词的一种,由不定式符号(to)加动词原形构成。
不定式的形式有五种:1.一般式to do例如:I like to read English.2.进行式to be doing例如:He seemed to be reading something at that time.3.完成式to have done例如:He seemed to have cleaned the room.4.被动式to be done例如:The work is to be done soon.5.完成被动式to have been done例如:The boy is said to have been sent to hospital yesterday.6.。
否定形式not to do例如:He asked me not to make such a mistake.三..动词不定式与疑问词连用疑问代词who, what, which和疑问副词when, where, how, why等后面可以接动词不定式,构成动词不定式短语,可以在句子中作主语、宾语、表语等成分。
例如:(1) He doesn’t know how to use the machine.(不定式作宾语)(2) How to use the machine is a question. (不定式作主语)注意:疑问词带不定式在句中作主语时,谓语动词用单数。
(3) The question is when to go there. (不定式作表语)一、作主语动词不定式作主语时,句子的谓语动词常用单数,其位置有以下两种:(1)把不定式置于句首。
动词不定式
动词不定式动词不定式是由“不定式符号to+动词原形”构成的一种非谓语动词结构。
有些动词不定式不带to,动词不定式可以作句子的主语、表语、宾语、定语、补语、状语或单独使用。
不定式保留动词的某些特性,可以有自己的宾语、状语等。
动词不定式和它后面的宾语、状语等一起构成短语,叫作不定式短语。
一、用作主语:直接把动词不定式置于句首的情况不多,多数情况用it作形式主语,把真正的主语——动词不定式置于句末,特别是不定式短语较长时。
动词不定式作主语,谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。
带疑问词的不定式短语作主语常置于句首,复合不定式结构作主语常置于句末。
如:1.As young adults, it is our duty to try our best to deal with each challenge..二、用作表语动词不定式作表语,常说明主语的内容、性质、特征。
如:1.The best way to improve your English is to join an English club. (p.7)如果主语部分含实义动词do,且作表语的动词又是“do”的内容,这时表语不定式的“to”可以省略。
如:All I did was wait here. 我能做的就是在这里等。
三、用作宾语1.可以接带to的动词不定式作宾语的动词主要有:要求选择同意(ask, choose, agree),期望决定学习(expect, hope, decide, learn),宁可假装知道(prefer, pretend, know),希望想要愿意(wish, want, would like / love)。
如:1)We decided to talk to some students about why they go there. (p.88)2.动词decide, know, learn, show, teach, tell...,介词结构on...可用疑问词带to的不定式短语作宾语,但why后面的不定式不带to。
动词不定式
动词过去式1.am,is -was2. are--were3. 击败;敲打beat--beat4. 成为/变成become--became5. 开始begin--began6. 吹;刮blow--blew7. 折断;打破break--broke8. 带来bring--brought9. 建设;建造build--built10. 买buy--bought11. 能,能够can--could12. 抓/捉住;乘车catch-cought13. 选择;选choose--chose14. 来come--came15. 值cost--cost16. 切;割;砍cut-cut-17. 做do--did18. 绘画;画draw--drew19. 喝drink--drank20. 驾驶drive--drove21. 吃eat--eat22. 掉下;降落fall--fell23. 感到;感觉feel--felt24. 发现;找到find--found25. 飞fly--flew26. 忘记forget-forgot27. 取;获得get--got28. 给give--gave29. 去;走go--went30. 种植;成长grow--grew31. 有/吃have/has--had32. 听见hear--heard33. 保持keep--kept34. 知道;认识know--knew35. 学习;学会learn-learnt/learned36. 离开;落下leave--left37. 借出/给lend— lent38. 让let--let39. 位于lie--lay40. 丢失lose--lost41. 可以may--might42. 意味;意思mean---meant43. 遇见/到meet--met44. 放put--put45. 读read --read注意读法不同/e/46. 骑ride--rode47. 铃响ring--rang48. 跑run--ran49. 说say--said50. 看见;看望see--saw51. 卖sell--selt52. 送send--sent53. 将;应该shall--should54. 照耀shine--shone55. 唱sing--sang56. 坐sit--sat57. 睡觉sleep--slept58. 闻;嗅smell--smelt59. 说;讲speak--spoke60. 花费;度过spend--spent61. 站stand--stood62. 扫;拖地sweep--swept63. 游泳swim--swam64. 拿走;带走take --took65. 教teach--taught66. 告诉;讲tell--told67. 想;认为think--thought68. 扔;掷throw--threw69. 理解/明白understand--understood70. 醒wake--woke71. 穿;戴wear--wore72. 将;愿will--would73. 赢得;战胜win--won74. 写write—wrote不规则动词巧记表英语动词按其过去式和过去分词的构成方式可分为规则动词和不规则动词。
动词不定式
1.I want to know how _t_o_a_p_p_l_y (apply) the position.
2.But some students didn't want t_o_w__ea_r__(wear) the uniform.
3.I'm writing to invite you _t_o_j_o_i_n (join) me for a trip to Mount Li. 4. As a result, I don't have enough time to take (take) exercise. 5.It's an honor to know (know) you are enthusiastic about Chinese
otherwise I would have been drunk.
6.He attempted to escape (escape) from prison, but failed. 7.Jack was in low spirits those days and his friends did all
history.
[演练提能]
Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1.Group activities will be organized after class t_o_h_e_l_p_
(help) children develop team spirit. 2.Martin showed no anxiety about the competition. He
6.作状语 (1)作目的状语 I got up early (in order) to catch the 6:30 train. (2)作结果状语,only to do sth表示出乎意料的结果。 We hurried to the station,only to be told that the train had left. (3) 作原因状语,用在某些表示情感的形容词或过去分词后。常见 词有:happy,lucky,glad,sorry,anxious,proud,disappointed, angry,surprised等。 I am glad to see you.
动词不定式
wrong, honesy…
It’s kind __o_f___you to help me
You are kind t精o品PPhT elp me.
做宾语
宾语表示主语所做动作的承受者.一般跟在及物 动词后面.
接动词不定式作宾语常见的几个动词是want , plan , hope , decide , begin , start. need , wait ,would like .hate.refuse.wish . prefer , learn.try.like .agree ,fail. be able to do,do one’s
7.I went to see you. 〔作目的状语〕
8.He went so early as to see you
〔作结果状语〕
精品PPT
作主语 不定式做主语时,可以直接放在谓语动词之 前。 To see is to believe.
Not to get there in time is your fault. 注:常用it做形式主语,将to do放在谓语之后,使句 子保持平衡。
to do doing
go on
精品PPT
1. Boys, don't forget _____ the windows before you leave the classroom. A. closing B. closed C. to closing D. to close
2.She reached the top of the hill and stopped _______ on a big rock. A. to have rested B. resting C. to rest D. rest
动词不定式
动词不定式动词的非谓语形式有三种:不定式、动名词和分词一、动词不定式:动词不定式是动词的非谓语形式的一种,其形式是to + 动词原形,在句中可作除谓语以外的任何语法成分,即可作主语、宾语、定语、状语、表语和宾语补足语。
▲作主语:1. To obey law is everyone’s duty.遵守法律,人人有责。
2. To know oneself is difficult. 了解自己很难。
3. To do such things is foolish. 做这样的事是愚蠢的。
【注】在现代英语中,常用it作形式主语,把真正作主语的不定式短语放在后面。
4. It’s not easy to learn a foreign language well.要学好一门外语是不容易的。
5. It will not cost you anything to be polite. 礼貌待人并不会损失你什么。
6. It was impossible for him to explain what I meant. 要他把我的意思解释清楚是不可能的。
【注】在感叹句和疑问句中只能用it作形式主语。
例如:7. What harm can it do to give advice? 给人出主意有什么不好的?8. What fun it is to jump into a pool or lake in summer! 在夏天跳进游泳池或湖水里游泳是多么有趣啊!9. How long did it take you to finish the work? 你完成这项工作花了多少时间?▲在这种结构中,如果要表示不定式动作的执行者,要在不定式短语前加上一个for sb. 的短语,语法上称为不定式的复合结构。
例如:10. It is useful for you to learn some spoken English. 学一些英语口语对你来说是有用的。
动词不定式
want, like ,wish, hope, prefer ,ask, offer, promise , pretend(假装), intend(打算), decide , plan, refuse, tend(趋向, 照料)等.
Grammatical Structure
Grammatical Structure
还可以用于双宾语:
I asked him how to learn English. 我问他如何学习英语.
Grammatical Structure
“口诀” 谓语之外均担任,用作谓语需合成。 动词特征似保留,宾语、状语照样跟。 时态、语态酌情用,动作先后注区分。
Grammatical Structure
⑥作宾语补足语
The teacher advised us to have a rest first.
She encouraged me to try again.
Grammatical Structure
B). see, hear, feel, listen to, look at, make做不 带to的不定式作宾语补足语.
动词不定式
Grammatical Structure
Grammatical Structure
1.动词不定式的特点及构成 2.动词不定式的时态及语态 3.动词不定式的语法功能
动词不定式 动词不定式特点:
1.不能单独作谓语. 2.可做主语、表语、定语、宾语、 宾语补足语和状语 动词不定式的构成:
to + 动词原形 to study. to work, to know
Did you notice a man come in?
动词不定式
动词不定式动词不定式的基本形式是to+动词原形,有时可以不带to。
动词不定式没有人称和数的变化,在句子中不能作谓语。
(但可以担任除谓语外的任何成分——主语、表语、宾语、状语和宾语补足语。
)动词不定式仍保留动词的特点,即它可以有自己的宾语和状语。
动词不定式和它的宾语或状语构成不定式短语。
1不定式作宾语1.1动词+不定式afford,aim,appear,agree,arrange,ask,be,decide,bother,care,choose,come,dare,demand,desire,determine,expect,elect,endeavor,hope,fail,happen,help,hesitate,learn,long,mean,manage,offer,ought,plan,prepare,pretend,promise,refuse,seem,tend,wait,wish,undertakeThe driver failed to see the other car in time.司机没能及时看见另一辆车。
I happen to know the answer to your question.我碰巧知道你那道问题的答案。
1.2动词+不定式;动词+宾语+不定式ask,beg, choose, expect , hate, help intend like, love, need prefer, prepare, promise, want, wish…I like to keep everything tidy.我喜欢每件东西都保持整洁。
I like you to keep everything tidy.我喜欢你年使每件东西都保持整洁。
I want to speak to Tom.我想和汤姆谈话。
I want you to speak to Tom.我想让你和汤姆谈话。
1.3动词+疑问词+todecide, know, consider forget, learn, remember, show, understand, see, wonder, hear, find out, explain, tellPlease show us how to do that.请演示给我们如何去做。
动词不定式用法
动词不定式用法不定式是动词的一种非限定式,它是不受主语的单复数、人称、时态、语态等的限定与影响的一种动词形式。
一、动词不定式的基本结构动词不定式的基本形式为:to+动词原形,有时可不带to。
不定式的否定形式是:not to+动词原形。
在句中除不能作谓语外,其他成分都可作。
如:主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语等。
注意:不定式之前的to(又称为小品词)与介词to的功能不同。
介词to之后要接名词或代词的宾格,或相当于名词的短语作它的宾语;而不定式符号to的后面需要跟动词原形。
speak to him (to 是介词) 对他讲话to speak English (to 是不定式的小品词) 讲英语二、动词不定式的用法不定式在句中有各种作用,一般可归类为三种基本用法:作名词,作形容词,作副词。
(一) 不定式作名词的用法不定式起名词作用,在句子中担当主语、表语、宾语和宾语补足语。
⒈作主语名词用法的不定式和名词一样,可担任句子的主语。
To grow more trees here is very important.(=It is very important to grow more trees here.) 在这里多种些树是非常重要的。
To hear your voice is so nice.(=It is so nice to hear your voice.) 听到你的声音真高兴。
To speak English well is not easy for me.(=It is not easy for me to speak English.) 把英语说好对我来说并不容易。
To walk to school takes me twenty minutes.(=It takes me twenty minutes to walk to school.) 步行到学校我要花20分钟。
注意:在It is… to…”的句型中,it是形式主语,真正的主语是不定式;使用这种结构,可以避免句子的头重脚轻。
动词不定式
动词不定式动词不定式没有人称和数的变化,在句中不能独立作谓语,其基本形式为“to + 动词原形”,有时可以不带to。
动词不定式在句中可作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、状语、表语等成份。
一、动词不定式作主语作主语的动词不定式如果很短,通常位于句首,谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式。
动词不定式如果较长,常用it作形式主语,而把真正作主语的动词不定式放在后面以避免头重脚轻。
如:To do is easy, but to understand is difficult.做起来容易,但理解起来却难。
It is relaxing to enjoy music after an exam.考试后欣赏音乐真是令人放松。
二、动词不定式作宾语1. 许多动词(如want,learn,decide,hope,agree,afford,plan等)后都可直接跟动词不定式作宾语。
如:He wants to be a pilot when he grows up.他想长大后当飞行员。
2. “疑问词+ 动词不定式”结构用作宾语。
如:I really don’t know how to tell him about what has happened.我的确不知道该如何告诉他发生了什么事。
3. 有时用it作形式宾语,而把真正作宾语的动词不定式放在句末。
如:She found it frustrating to watch English movies.她发现看英语电影很令人沮丧。
三、动词不定式作宾语补足语1. 许多动词(如ask,allow,invite,wish,expect,teach,tell等)后都可跟动词不定式作宾语补足语。
如:The teacher always asks them to take notes in class.老师总是要求他们上课记笔记。
2. 某些感官动词(如see,hear,watch,notice等)后要跟不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语,表示该动作发生的全过程(如果表示该动作正在进行,要用v.?鄄ing形式)。
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九年级英语专题复习教案动词不定式新平二中普建云复习目标1. 了解动词不定式的基本形式及特点。
2. 掌握动词不定式的用法。
3. 记住后跟动词不定式做宾语的词汇和短语。
重点难点重点:掌握动词不定式的用法,牢记后跟动词不定式的词语和短语。
难点:动词不定式在句中做句子的各种成分。
基本步骤:1.基本形式:to +动词原形。
否定形式为:not to do2. 特点:(1)没有人称和数的变化。
(2)可以有自己的宾语和状语。
(3)不可以做句子的谓语。
3. 用法(1).做主语。
动词不定式做主语时,常用it 做形式主语,构成以下句型:It is +adj. + for(of) sb. to do sth. 做某事对某人来说是怎么样的。
(在kind, good, nice, clever 等表示人的品质的形容词后用of。
)如:It’s very kind of you to help me. 你帮助我真是太好了。
It’s our duty to clean the room. 打扫教室是我们的责任。
It will take us one month to finish the work. 完成那项工作要花费我们一个月的时间。
1. It’s very kind ____ you _____ the heavy box for me.A. for, carryB. for, to carryC. of, carryingD. of, to carry2. It took him two hours ________ the book.A. readB. to readC. readingD. reader(2). 做表语。
动词不定式可放在be 动词,系动词后面做表语。
如:It seems to be an interesting book. 这看起来像是一本有趣的书。
My dream is to be an artist. 我的梦想是成为一名艺术家。
1. His job is _______ the walls.A. to pointB. paintC. to paintingD. of painting2. My duty is ______ out the trash.A. takeB. to takeC. to takingD. of take(3). 做定语。
如:I always have very difficult work to do. 我总是有很困难是事情要做。
We have a lot of homework to do every day. 我们每天都有很多作业要做He was the first ________ (come) to school.There is nothing _______ ( worry) about.(4). 做宾语。
一些谓语动词后只能跟动词不定式做宾语,这样的词有:plan to do/ want to do / try to do / attempt to do / pretend to do / learn to do / need to do / would like to do / afford to do / hope to do / choose to do / refuse to do /wish to do / agree to do / expect to do / decide to do / learn to do / 注:在find, think 后跟动词不定式做宾语时,常用it 做形式宾语。
如:I find it easy to read English every day. 我发现每天读英语很容易。
Do you think it necessary for us to learn to wait ? 你认为我们有必要学会等待吗?1.The children decided _____ (go) skating this afternoon.2. He pretend _______ (read) English when the teacher came in.3. I can’t afford _______ (buy) the dress I like, so I was very sad.4. My father agreed _______ (give) me a pair of skates.5. We hope _______ (visit ) Paris some day.6. They found _______ convenient to take the subway in Paris.A. thatB. it’sC. itD. which(5). 做宾语补足语:动词+ 宾语+ to do这样的词有:teach sb. to do / allow sb. to to do wish sb. to do / invite sb. to doexpect sb. to do / encourage sb. to do help sb.(to) do / ask sb. to dowant sb. to do / tell sb. to doHe asked me __ to his birthday party.A. to goB. goC. goesD. went(6). 做状语。
A. 表示目的。
如:She arrived early to get a good seat.B. 表示结果:too+ 形容词+ to +动词原形。
如:I was too tired to move.( ) 1. He is ____ young ___ join the army.A. so, thatB. as, asC. from, toD. too, to( ) 2. Gina does her best ___ English well.A. LearnB. learningC. to learnD. not learn(7)疑问词+动词不定式动词不定式可以和who, what, which, when, how, where等疑问词连用,构成不定式短语。
如:He doesn’t know where to go. 他不知道去哪里。
I haven’t decided when to leave for Tokyo. 我还没有决定什么时候去东京。
( ) 1.The two dress both look good on me. I can’t decide _________.A. what to buy B .how to buy C. where to buy D. which to buy( ) 2. Students should learn how ______ problems.A. solveB. to solveC. solvingD. can solve( ) 3. I had a fight with my best friend. I don’t know ______.A. what to doB. what doingC. how to doD. do what8. 含有动词不定式的短语(须记牢)it’s time to do 该做…了 a good place to do 一个做…的好地方too +形容词+to do 太… 而不能 a good way to do 做… 的好方式be supposed to do 被期望have time to do有时间做…it is +形容词+ for sb. to do 做…对sb.来说是…的be afraid(terrified) to do 害怕做it takes sb. 多少时间to do sth.做…花了sb. 多少时间can’t wait to do 迫不及待做…have a chance(an opportunity) to do有机会做…我会做( )1. Don’t make him ___ it if he doesn’t want to.A. doB. to doC. doingD. that he do( ) 2. I have no pen _________ .A. writingB. write withC. wroteD. to write with( ) 3. Don’t forget __ the letter for me on your way home.A. postB. to postC. postingD. posted( ) 4.You’d better _____ when you come in.A. not to wake up meB. not wake me upC. not to wake up meD. not to wake me up ( ) 5. The teacher told them ___ make so much noise.A. don’tB. notC. will notD. not to( ) 6. Tell him ____ the window.A. to shut notB. not to shutC. to not shutD. not shut( ) 7. The workers want us ________ together with them.A. workB. workingC. to workD. worked( ) 8. He was too excited _________.A. speakB. to speakC. not to speakD. speaking( ) 9. She pretended _______ me when I passed by.A. not to seeB. not seeingC. to not seeD. having not seen ( ) 10. She couldn’t decide which restaurant _______.A. to have lunchB. to eatC. to eat atD. eating at( ) 11. I prefer ____ rather than ____.A. read;watchB. to read;watchC. reading;to watchD. to read;to watch ( )12. I’m hungry,give me something ___.A. eatB. to eatC. eatingD. for eating( ) 13. The man will do everything he can a camera for his wife.A. to getB. gotC. buyD. bought用所给词的适当形式填空。