被动语态

被动语态

英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态.

☞主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者.巧记为：主动、主动、主去动.

例如：Many people speak English.谓语：speak的动作是由主语many people来执行的. ☞被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者,即行为动作的对象.巧记为：被动、被动、主被动. 例如：English is spoken by many people.主语English是动词speak的承受者.

一、被动语态的用法

(1)不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁.

例如：Some new computers were stolen last night.

This book was published in 1981.

(2)强调动作的承受者,而不强调动作的执行者.

例如：the window was broken by Mike.

This book was written by him.

Eight hours per day for sleep must be guaranteed.每天8小时睡眠必须得到保证.

歌诀：谁做的动作不知道,说出谁做的没有必要；

动作承受者需强调,被动语态运用到.

（3）汉语中含有“被”、“由”等词时。

例如：Tina is asked to come by Paul．

（4）某些句子习惯上用被动语态。

例如：He was born in October，1989．

二、被动语态的几种类型

（1）带双宾语句子的被动语态.（指物的宾语叫直接宾语，指人的宾语叫间接宾语）常见的接双宾语的动词有:

to: pass, give, teach, show, bring, hand

for: make, buy, draw, sing, get,

以“人”当主语时，变法和一般的变法一样；

以“物”当主语时，在保留的间接宾语前必须加to或for

如：1.He gave me a book.

－I was given a book by him. （以I做主语）

－A book was given to me by Tom. （以物book作主语）

2.He teaches us English.

－We are taught English by him. （以人当主语）

－English is taught to us by him. （以物作主语）

（2）含有情态动词的被动语态

由“情态动词＋be＋过去分词”构成,原来带to的情态动词变成被动语态后“to”仍要保留. 例如：

We can repair this watch in two days.

→This watch can be repaired in two days.

You ought to take it away.

→It ought to be taken away.

They should do it at once.

→It should be done at once.

歌诀是：情态动词变动,情态加be加“过分”,原来带to要保留.

（3）含有短语的主动语态变被动语态

在变成被动语态时，不能去掉构成短语动词的介词或副词.

They take good care of my child.

→My child is taken good care of .

I turned off the radio.

→The radio was turned off (by me)

（4）感官动词和使役动词的被动语态

即feel , hear , listen , have , make , let , look , watch , see , notice ，这些词在主动句中，其后的动词不定式不加to，但变被动句时必须加to.

1.I saw him play basketball last Sunday.

→He was seen to play basketball last Sunday.

2.We heard them sing in the classroom.

→He was heard to sing in the classroom.

（5）It is said that+从句及其他类似句型

一些表示“据说”或“相信”的动词如believe, consider, expect, report, say, suppose, think 等可以用于句型“It＋be＋过去分词＋that从句”或“主语＋be＋过去分词＋to do sth.”。

有：It is said that…据说,It is reported that…据报道，It is believed that…大家相信，It is hoped that…大家希望，It is well known that…众所周知，It is thought that…大家认为，It is suggested that…据建议。

例It is said that the boy has passed the national exam. （＝The boy is said to have passed the national exam. ）

三、主动语态变被动语态的方法

(1)把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语.

(2)把谓语变成被动结构(be＋过去分词)

(根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数,以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定be的形式).

(3)把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语,将主格改为宾格.例如：

All the people laughed at him.

He was laughed at by all people.

They make the bikes in the factory.

The bikes are made by them in the factory.

歌诀是：宾变主,主变宾,by短语后面跟.

谓语动词变被动,be后“过分”来使用.