社科院财经系财政学专业考博真题考博英语-育明考研考博
中国社会科学院经济系考博真题导师分数线内部资料
第 2010-293-001 号）。
裴小革，经济系博士生导师。1956 年 10 月出生于北京市。现为中国社会科学院经
济研究所研究员、《资本论》研究中心主任、当代西方经济理论研究室主任，同时为中
国《资本论》研究会秘书长、中国社会科学院研究生院教授、全国经济学名词审定委员
会委员、全国经济贸易名词审定委员会委员、福建师范大学兼职教授。
资料来源育明教育官网：（考博分校） 考博考试信息、辅导课程可咨询育明教育考博分校
育明 考博分校 资料来源： 考博资料、辅导课程 咨询育明考博刘老师
项目《中国近代经济史》1937-1949 卷副主编。主持院级课题《抗战前中国产业经济发 展状况研究》、《中国经济史学数据库》等项目，现担任院创新工程《我国初期工业化》 首席研究员。已发表《民国时期经济政策的沿袭与变异》（2006 年）、《民族工业发展史 话》（2000 年、2011 年）等个人专著，发表了《官产官业处置、收归国有取向与民初经 济政策》（1998 年）等数十篇学术论文。《民国时期经济政策的沿袭与变异》获 2009 年 经济所优秀科研成果奖一等奖，2010 年中国社会科学院优秀成果奖（专著）三等奖。
育明 考博分校 资料来源： 考博资料、辅导课程 咨询育明考博刘老师
中国社会科学院经济系考博真题导师分数线内部资料 一、专业的设置、招生人数及考试科目
院系ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ
专业
(招生人数) (招生人数)
研究方向
导师
考试科目
401 经济系 (14)
①1001 英语
01 经济增长与资本形成
资料来源育明教育官网：（考博分校） 考博考试信息、辅导课程可咨询育明教育考博分校
育明 考博分校 资料来源： 考博资料、辅导课程 咨询育明考博刘老师
财科院财政学考博—真题（财政学理论与政策方向）
财科院财政学考博—真题（财政学理论与政策方向）财政理论与政策方向【2014】一、简答题（每小题15分，共30分）1、简论财政是国家治理的基础和重要支柱2、简论运用“公私合作伙伴关系”（PPP）模式提供某些准公共产品或服务的理论依据和现实意义。
二、论述题（任选两题。
每题35分，共70分）1、试论在我国建立现代财政制度的基本思路和要领。
2、如何认识我国地方政府债务的现状、问题及其风险防范制度建设？3、试论以财税手段促进环境保护建设生态文明。
一、简述题：（每题15分，共30分）1. 简述公共产品理论与马克思“社会扣除”理论的内在关联。
2. 简述政府购买公共服务的内涵、机理及其在我国现实生活中的机制创新意义。
二、论述题（第一题必答，后两题任选一题，每题35分，共70分）1. 试论现阶段我国地方财政体制存在的主要问题是什么？并请提出你的基本对策思路。
2. 试论财政在稳步推进我国新型城镇化发展中的只能作用及政策重点。
3. 试论财政支持我国生态文明建设的必要性及可供选择的政策手段。
一、简述题（每题10分，共30分）1. 简述公共财政的基本特征及公共财政导向下预算管理改革的主要内容。
2. 简述衡量国债规模的主要指标，简要评价我国国债规模现状，并简述国债、地方债的预算管理。
3. 如何进一步完善我国政府间转移支付制度？二、论述题（任选两题，每题35分，共70分）1. 试论财政对于改善国民收入分配的功能及其作用机制。
2. 试论财政在推动资源性产品价格改革中的作用与基本手段。
3. 试论目前欧元区国家主权债务危机的原因、影响及对我们的启示。
一、简述题（每题15分，共30分）1. 简述财政分权理论的要点及我国财政分权改革历程与前瞻。
2. 简述我国建立完整的预算体系的基本内容及意义。
二、论述题（任选两题，每题35分，共70分）1. 试论我国运用财税政策引导和提振居民消费、扩大内需的背景、意义和主要措施。
2. 试论我国的公共债务制度建设与风险管理（包括地方隐形债的风险防范）。
北京大学财政学专业考博真题解析考试内容参考书复习资料招生人数-育明考博
育明考博辅导中心张老师解析：
育明 北京校区
北大考博资料、辅导课程 咨询育明考博张老师
1、北京大学经济学院财政学专业考博的报录比平均在 10:1 左右（竞争较激烈） 2、同等学力考生须加试报考专业两门硕士专业学位课程和哲学。 3、2016 年北京大学实行“申请—考核制”，没有提供雅思、托福等英语成绩等级证明的同学，需要参 加“北京大学博士研究生英语水平考试”。 4、复试总成绩计算方法：总成绩="笔试成绩×50％+面试成绩×50％。 5、初审包括对申请材料的审查和科研创新能力的评价。 6、笔试内容不指定参考书目。
考生应掌握下列英语语言知识和技能： 一、 词汇与语法运用 考生应能掌握 8000-10000 左右的词汇。考生应能掌握基本的英语语法知识并熟练运用，鼓励考生 用听、说、读、写、译的实践代替单纯的语法知识学习，以求考生在英语交际中能更准确、自如地运 用语法知识。 二、听力与阅读理解 听力部分测试考生听力理解的技能及对英语口语信息的短期记忆能力。阅读部分要求考生应能读 懂选自各类书籍和报刊的不同类型的文字材料，理解主旨要义和文中的相关信息，根据上下文推测生 词的词义，领会作者的意图、观点或态度。 三、书面表达能力 考生应能使用英语书写不同类型的应用文，包括私人和公务信函、备忘录、报告等，以及一般描 述性、叙述性、说明性或议论性的文章。 北大考博英语的考试形式： 考试形式为闭卷笔试，考试时间为 180 分钟，满分为 100 分。 试卷包括试题册、标准化答题卡和主观题答题纸。考生应将客观题的答案按要求涂写在答题卡相 应题号的选项上，将主观题的答案书写在答题纸指定位置的区域内。考生应自备 2B 铅笔和橡皮等文具 用于标准答题卡的填涂。 北大考博英语的考试内容： 考试分三部分，包括听力、阅读理解和写作。 第一部分 听力 考查考生英语的听力理解能力。 第二部分 阅读理解 该部分考查考生阅读并理解书面英语的能力。 第三部分 写作 该部分由 A、B、C 三节组成，主要考查考生的书面表达能力。 A 节：议论文写作。考生根据一段阅读材料和一段音视频材料的提示信息，写出一篇 250-300 词 的短文（标点符号不计算在内）。
社科院财经系金融学专业考博真题考试分数线-育明考研考博
中国社会科学研究院财经系金融学专业考博分数线报考分析一、中国社会科学研究院财经系历年考博复试分数线（育明考博课程中心）育明考博辅导中心张老师解析：1、中国社会科学研究院财经系共有5个博士招生专业：020203财政学、020204金融学、020205产业经济学、020206国际贸易学、120203旅游管理，各个专业竞争压力还是比较大的。
2、复试成绩200分，120分为合格。
复试不合格者不予录取。
3、2016年中国社会科学研究院财经系计划招生人数为13人。
4、中国社会科学研究院财经系考博历年缺考率平均在20%左右。
（中国社会科学研究院财经系考博资料获取、课程咨询育明张老师叩叩：772678537）二、中国社会科学研究院金融学专业考博考试内容分析（育明考博辅导中心)专业招生人数初试内容复试内容020204金融学2016年2人①1001英语②2001经济学原理③3290金融学（财经系）①外国语综合能力测试50分（含口语及听力）②专业综合150分（笔试、面试）育明考博辅导中心张老师解析：1、中国社会科学研究院金融学专业考博的报录比平均在6:1左右（竞争较激烈）2、本专业有4个研究方向：01国际金融与投资（裴长洪）02金融理论与政策（何德旭、汪红驹）03城市与房地产金融（倪鹏飞）04金融经济学（钟春平）3、初试英语拉开的分差较小，两门专业课拉开的分差非常大，要进入复试就必须在两门专业课中取得较高的分数，专业课的复习备考中“信息”和“方向”比单纯的时间投入和努力程度更重要。
4、以同等学力资格报考的考生初试时需加试高等数学和“政治理论”(考试范围：马克思主义经典选读、中国特色社会主义理论)，复试时需加试两门本专业硕士学位主干课程（笔试）。
5、入学考试总成绩=初试成绩*60%+复试成绩*40%。
育明教育考博分校针对中国社会科学研究院金融学专业考博开设的辅导课程有：考博英语课程班·专业课课程班·视频班·复试保过班·高端协议班。
社科院财政学专业考博真题解析考试内容复习资料分数经验分享-育明考博
社科院财政学专业考博考试内容复习资料-育明考博一、社科院财政学专业考博考试内容分析（育明考博辅导中心)专业招生人数初试内容复试内容财政学2人①英语（100分）②经济学原理（100分）③财政学（100分）①外国语综合能力测试50分（含口语及听力）②专业综合150分（笔试、面试））育明考博辅导中心张老师解析：1、社科院财政学专业考博的报录比平均在5:1左右（竞争较激烈）2、本专业有三位导师：高培勇、杨志勇、马珺3、加试科目：对同等学历考生，初试加试高等数学，复试阶段须加试（笔试）两门本专业硕士阶段主干课程。
加试科目成绩采取百分制（不计入总成绩），60分为合格，不合格者不予录取。
4、初试英语拉开的分差较小，两门专业课拉开的分差非常大。
要进入复试就必须在两门专业课中取得较高的分数。
专业课的复习备考中“信息”和“方向”比单纯的时间投入和努力程度更重要。
5、社科院考博初试外语中不含听力。
6、学院并不指定外语和专业课复习的参考书。
育明教育考博分校针对社科院民法学专业考博开设的辅导课程有：考博英语课程班·专业课课程班·视频班·复试保过班·高端协议班。
每年专业课课程班的平均通过率都在80%以上。
根植育明学校从2006年开始积累的深厚高校资源，整合利用历届育明优秀学员的成功经验与高分资料，为每一位学员构建考博成功的基础保障。
（社科院考博资料获取、课程咨询育明教育张老师叩叩：柒柒贰陆，柒捌，伍叁柒）二、社科院财经系历年考博复试分数线（育明考博课程中心）年份录取成绩要求复试人数/招生人数2013年外语A 类46分B 类51分（其他语种及外文系二外60分）专业课60分50人/13人2014年外语A 类46分B 类51分（其他语种及外文系二外60分）专业课60分50人/13人育明考博辅导中心张老师解析：1、财经系共有5个专业，各个专业之间报录比差别还是比较大的。
2、根据最新的信息，学院将会逐步增加硕博连读的名额，减少在职定向读博的名额。
社科院博士生初试考试英语试题及答案
社科院博士生初试考试英语试题及答案细节决定成败，学习重在积累，面对日益严峻的竞争环境，越来越多的在职人员纷纷加入到考博的进修行列中，社会科学院的博士生考试英语试题历来以超难著称，下面我领略一下吧!自2015年起社科院博士生英语考试开始启用如下考题类型，下面我们一起来看看社科院的博士生初试考试英语个性考题吧~试卷第三部分(包括阅读7 选5、概要)，请考生直接写在英语试题答题纸上的指定位置，不再提供额外的答题纸。
PART III: Reading and Writing 10 Section A (10 points) Directions: Some sentences have been removed in the following text. Choose the most suitable one from the list A—G to fit into each of the blanks. There are two extra choices which do not fit in any of the blanks.(1) __________________ Player 1 may not know these particular words of wisdom, but chances are she’s thinking much the same as she tries to decide whether to send Player 2 some of her $10 stake. If she does, the money will be tripled, and her anonymous partner can choose to return none, some, or all of the cash. But why should Player 2 send anything back? And why should Player 1 give anything in the first place? Despite the iron logic of this argument, she types in her command to send some money. A few moments later she smiles, seeing from her screen that Player 2 has returned a tidy sum that leaves them both showing a net profit.(2) ___________________ Based on exactly the same cold logic that Player 1 dismissed, the so-called Nash equilibrium predicts that in economic transactions between strangers, where one has to make decisions based on a forecast of another’s response, the optimal level of trust is zero. Yet despite the economicorthodoxy, the behavior of Players 1 and 2 is not exceptional. In fact, over the course of hundreds of such trials, it turns out that about half of Player 1s send some money, and three- quarters of Player 2s who receive it send some back.Zak is a leading protagonist in the relatively new field of neuroeconomics, which aims to understand human social interactions through every level from synapse to society. It is a hugely ambitious undertaking. By laying bare the mysteries of such nebulous human attributes as trust, neuroeconomists hope to transform our self- understanding. (3) _________________ “ As we learn more about the remarkable internal order of the mind, we will also understand far more deeply the social mind and therefore the external order of personal exchange, and the extend ed order of exchange through markets.”(4) __________________ As Zak’s collaborator Steve Knack of the World Bank points out: “Trust is one of the most powerful factors affecting a country’s economic health. Where trust is low, individuals and organizations are more wary about engaging in financial transactions, which tends to depress the national economy.”And trust levels differ greatly between nations. The World Values Survey, based at the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, has asked people in countries around the world, “Do you think strangers can generally be trusted?” the positive response rate varies from about 65% in Norway to about 5% in Brazil. (5) __________________ “Policy-makers in these latter countries might be urgently interested in mechanisms that enable them to raise national trust levels,” observes Knack.A. Even more intriguingly, it seems that this urge to respond positively when someone shows trust in us is largely outside ourcontrol.B. Crucially for international economic development, what is true for individuals turns out also to be true for nations.C. Disturbingly, countries where trust is lower than a critical level of about 30%—as is the case in much of South America and Africa – risk falling into a permanent suspicion- locked poverty trap.D. “It’s good to trust; it’s better not to,” goes an Italian proverb.E. They believe their findings even have the potential to help make societies more productive 11 and successful.F. He points out that our brains have been tailored by evolution to cope with group living.G. This outcome doesn’t just flout proverbial wisdom, it thumbs its nose at economic theory.Section B (10 points) Directions: Write a 100—120-word summary of the article in this part.。
2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国财政科学研究院考试预测题精选专练VII(附带答案)卷14
2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国财政科学研究院考试预测题精选专练VII（附带答案）第1套一.综合题(共25题)1.单选题He displayed a complete lack of courtesy and tact in dealing with his employer.问题1选项A.tenacityB.curiosityC.civilityD.hostility【答案】C【解析】考查名词辨析。
A选项tenacity“固执”；B选项curiosity“好奇”；C选项civility“礼貌”；D选项hostility“敌意”。
句意：他与老板打交道时，他的言行完全缺乏礼貌，一点都不机智圆滑。
C选项civility“礼貌”符合与老板交流的场景，和courtesy“礼貌”同义，符合题意。
因此C选项正确。
2.单选题Bankers have been blaming themselves for their trouble in public. Behind the scenes, they have been taking aim at someone else: the accounting standard-setters. Their rules, moan the banks, have forced them to report enormous losses, and it’s just not fair. These rules say they must value some assets at the price a third party would pay, not the price managers and regulators would like them to fetch.Unfortunately, banks’ lobbying now seems to be working. The details may be unknowable, but the independence of standard-setters, essential to the proper functioning of capital markets, is being compromised. And, unless banks carry toxic assets at prices that attract buyers, reviving the banking system will be difficult.After a bruising encounter with Congress, America’s Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) rushed through rule changes. These gave banks more freedom to use models to value illiquid assets and more flexibility in recognizing losses on long-term assets in their income statements. Bob Herz, the FASB’s chairman, cried out against those who “question our motives”. Yet ban k shares rose and the changes enhance what one lobbying group politely calls “the use of judgment by managers.”European ministers instantly demanded that the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) do likewise. The IASB says it does not want to act without overall planning, but the pressure to fold when it completes its reconstruction of rules later this year is strong. Charlie McGreevy, a European commissioner, warmed the IASB that it did “not live in a political vacuum” but “in the real world” an d that Europe could yet develop different rules.It was banks that were on the wrong planet, with accounts that vastly overvalued assets. Today they argue that market prices overstate losses, because they largely reflect the temporary illiquidity of markets, not the likely extent of bad debts. The truth will not be known for years. But banks’ shares trade below their book value, suggesting that investors are skeptical. And dead markets partly reflect the paralysis of banks which will not sell assets for fear of booking losses, yet are reluctant to buy all those supposed bargains. To get the system working again, losses must be recognized and dealt with. America’s new plan to buy up toxic assets will not work unless banks mark assets to levels which buyers find attractive. Successful markets require independent and even combative standard-setters. The FASB and IASB have been exactly that, cleaning up rules on stock options and pensions, for example, against hostility from special interests. But by giving in to critics now they are inviting pressure to make more concessions.31. Bankers complained that they were forced to ________.32. According to the author, the rule changes of the FASB may result in ________.33. According to Paragraph 4, McGreevy objects to the IASB’s attempt to ________.34. The author thinks the banks were “on the wrong planet” in that they ________.35. The author’s attitude towards standard-setters is the one of ________.A.follow unfavorable asset evaluation rulesB.collect payments from third partiesC.cooperate with the price managersD.reevaluate some of their assets问题2选项A.the diminishing role of managementB.the revival of the banking systemC.the banks’ long-term asset lossesD.the weakening of its independence问题3选项A.keep away from political influencesB.evade the pressure from their peersC.act on their own in rule-settingD.take gradual measures in reform问题4选项A.misinterpreted marked price indicatorsB.exaggerated the real value of their assetsC.neglected the likely existence of bad debtsD.denied booking losses in their sale of assets问题5选项A.satisfactionB.skepticismC.objectivenessD.sympathy【答案】第1题:A第2题:D第3题:C第4题:B第5题:D【解析】31.事实细节题。
2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国财政科学研究院考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析B卷(带答案)第83期
2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国财政科学研究院考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析B卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.翻译题41.我们必须全面深化改革，以释放市场活力对冲经济下行压力。
42.尽管财政收入增速放缓，支出压力加大，但我们要坚持以人为本，持续增加民生投入。
43.在基础设施、公共事业等领域，应积极推广政府和社会资本合作模式。
44.我们要全面推进依法治国，加快建设法治政府、创新政府、廉洁政府和服务型政府。
45.中国节能环保市场潜力巨大，它可以成为新兴的支柱产业。
【答案】41. In order to invigorate the market to offset downward economic pressure, we must comprehensively deepen reform.42. Despite the slowdown in the growth of government revenue and increased pressure on expenditures, we must continue to put people first, sustaining increases to spending in areas that are important to improving standards of living.43. Efforts should be made to promote Public-Private-Partnership in infrastructure, public utilities and other areas.44. We will fully promote the law-based governance of the country; move more swiftly to build an innovative, clean, service-oriented rule of law government.45. There is enormous potential in China’s market for energy conservation and environmental protection; energy conservation and environmental protection industry can develop into a new pillar of the economy.2.单选题We held a meeting to sum up our experience ______ we finish the work.问题1选项A.incidentallyB.whileC.immediatelyD.before【答案】C【解析】考查词义辨析。
财政部财政科学研究所财政学专业考博参考书-考博分数线-专业课真题
资料来源：
考博就找育明教育考博分校
生还需要阅读大量的 paper，读哪一些、怎么去读、读完之后应该怎么做，这些
也会直接影响到考生的分数。
第二，专题信息汇总整理。每一位考生在复习专业课的最后阶段都应当进行
资料来源：
考博就找育明教育考博分校
12 财政理论与税 收
解学智 孙钢
1
1.英语、日语、俄语、法语、德语任选一。
2.专业基础知识：经济学综合（包括政治经济学和
2
西方经济学）。
3.专业知识：财政理论与税收（包括财政学、国家
税收）。
13 宏观调控与财 政
何盛明 贾康 白景明
毕业，研究生学历，经济学博士。现任财政部副部长、党组成员，央行货币政策
委员会委员。
李金早，1958 年 1 月生，湖北仙桃人，1976 年 2 月入党，1978 年 12 月参加
工作，中国社会科学院世界经济专业博士研究生。现任国家旅游局局长、党组书
记
叶振鹏，男，1933 年 11 月出生，福建省安溪县人，财政部财政科学研究所
吕旺实，男，1954 年 10 月出生。博士学位。博导、研究员职称。现任财政
部财政科学研究所外国财政研究室主任。学 术 兼 职：财政学会外国财政研究
委员会秘书长。主要研究领域：外国财政。
育明教育考博分校解析：考博如果能够提前联系导师的话，不论是在备考信
息的获取，还是在复试的过程中，都会有极大的帮助，甚至是决定性的帮助。育
赵全厚，男，1965 年 2 月生，汉族，籍贯：山西偏关。现任财政部科研所金
融研究室主任，研究员， 博士研究生导师。
赵云旗，男，汉族，1953 年 4 月生，籍贯山西太原，现任财政部科研所科研
财政部财科所考博英语历年试题题型分析
财政部财科所考博英语历年试题分析导言：考博英语真题的重要性全国各大院校在制定本校英语专业考试大纲时，对英语的考核基本上不指定参考书，考生在备考时往往感到漫无目的，无所适从，所以对各大院校的考博英语历年真题分析则显得尤为重要。
华慧考博英语教研中心在历时8年的教学研究的过程中，总结国内50多所重点院校的考博英语试题的出题特点与规律，认为考生精研各院校的历年试题对考出良好的成绩有非常大的帮助。
1.考博英语试题的独特性众所周知，英语类的考试，如高考、大学英语四六级、专业四八级考试、研究生入学考试等均由统一的命题组人员统一命制试题，命题组阵容强大，且耗费的人力、物力也不在少数，其题目基本是原创题目。
而考博英语却并非这样，因此，考博英语有其自身的独特性，考博英语的独特性主要表现在其命题方式与题目来源两方面。
首先，从命题方式来看，博士考试中，要求考生达到英语的最低分数线，这一要求就注定了各大考博院校的英语试题的命题方式，各大考博院校不会花费大量的人力、物力及时间原创一套考博英语试题。
并且各大院校为了保证其试题的准确性，一般会选择已经考过的各类相关难度的试题，这样就可以避免出现大量的因个人学术水平方面而引起的错误和争议。
其次，从题目来源看，各大院校的考博英语试题基本来自专四、专八、六级或其它考博院校的原题，极少出现原创题目。
因其题目来源的独特性，我们研究各大院校的考博英语试题就显得非常有必要且益处极大。
如果考生在考前了解了这一情况，且充分重视这个规律，那么获得考博英语高分不是什么难事。
所以考生考前精研考博英语真题是非常有必要的。
2.考博英语试题的作用考博英语试题的作用主要有三个，即指导、规划与调控作用。
指导作用。
通过研读历年的考博英语试题，考生可以了解该院校的题目类型、题目来源、题目难度等，指导考生在较短的时间内找到正确的复习方法，获得自己满意的成绩。
规划作用。
考生在宏观把握所报考院校的英语试题的出题规律后，结合自身的英语情况，对自己的英语备考做出一个正确且切合实际的复习规划。
2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国财政科学研究院考试预测题精选专练VII(附带答案)卷3
2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国财政科学研究院考试预测题精选专练VII（附带答案）第1套一.综合题(共25题)1.单选题It is amazing that two researches working independently made the same discovery ______. 问题1选项A.spontaneouslyB.simultaneouslyC.collaborativelyD.conscientiously【答案】A【解析】考查副词辨析。
A选项spontaneously“自发地”；B选项simultaneously“同时地”；C 选项collaboratively“协作地”；D选项conscientiously“良心上”。
句意：令人惊讶的是，两个独立工作的研究人员______获得同样的发现。
根据语境，这里指两个研究人员在研究时互不联系，没有任何外部的干涉，却有相同的发现，A选项spontaneously“自发地”符合题意。
因此A选项正确。
2.单选题So much data indicate the world’s progress towards meeting the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), a set of targets adopted by world leaders at the UN more than ten years ago. But the goal-setting exercise has further pitfalls. Too often, the goals are reduced to working out how much money is needed to meet a particular target. Yet the countries that have made most progress in cutting poverty have largely done so not by spending public money, but by encouraging faster economic growth. As Shanta Devarajan, the World Bank’s chief eco nomist for Africa, points out, growth does not just make more money available for social spending. It also increases the demand for such things as schooling, and thus helps meet other development goals. Yet the goals, as drawn up, made no mention of economic growth.Of course growth by itself does not solve all the problems of the poor. It is also clear that while money helps, how it is spent and what it is spent on are enormously important. For instances, campaigners often ask for more to be spent on primary education. But throughout the developing world teachers on the public payroll are often absent from school. Teacher-absenteeism rates are around 20% in rural Kenya, 27% in Uganda and 14% in Ecuador. In any case, money that is allocated for such services rarely reaches its intended recipients.A study found that 70% of the money allocated for drugs and supplies by the Uganda government in 2000 was lost; in Ghana, 80% was siphoned off. Money needs to be spent, therefore, not merely on building more schools or hiring more teachers, but on getting them to do what they are paid for, and preventing resources from disappearing somewhere between the central government and their supposed destination.The good news is that policy experiments carried out by governments, NGOs, academics and international institutions are slowly building up a body of evidence about methods that work.A large-scale evaluation in Andhra Pradesh in southern India was shown, for example, that performance pay for teachers is three times as effective at raising pupil’s test scores as the equivalent amount spent on school supplies.And in Uganda the government, appalled that money meant for schools was not reaching them, took to publicizing how much was being allotted, using radio and newspaper. Money wastage was dramatically reduced. The World Bank hopes to bring such innovations to the notice of other governments during the summit, if it can. For if the drive against poverty succeed, it will owe more to such ideas and wider use than to targets set at UN-sponsored summits.26. According to the text, which of the following merits can’t we derive from economic growth?27. Teacher-absenteeism is cited as example ________.28. According to the author, we should ________ when dealing with allocated money.29. On which of the following would the author most probably agree?30. We may infer from the last paragraph that ________.问题1选项A.It increases other demands such as education.B.It may help the government to fulfill Millennium Development Goals.C.Faster growth will lift the poor out of poverty.D.Economic growth may solve some problems of the poor.问题2选项A.to call for governments apply performance pay to teachersB.to underline the importance of money should be spent on where it is neededC.to state that the allocated money should get staffs to do what they are paid forD.to show that African countries have a long way to go before reaching the UN’s goalposts问题3选项A.avoid the leakage of moneyB.give the anti-poverty plans the priorityC.promote education to a higher levelD.improve public infrastructure first问题4选项A.Economic growth does not make more money available for social spending.B.Money leakage is a big problem that Africa encounters.lennium Development Goal s may involve each country’s GDP growth.lennium Development Goals have come to be seen as applying to each developing country. 问题5选项A.the World Bank plays an important role in helping Uganda fix money leakageB.money leakage is rampantly flourishing in Ugandalennium Development Goals may have failed in lifting the poor out of povertyD.innovative ideas should come before targets set by UN【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:A第4题:B第5题:D【解析】26.事实细节题。
央财财政学院财政学专业考博历年分数线考试难点重点-育明教育
中央财经大学财政学院财政学考博备考指导-育明考博一、中央财经大学财政学院考博参考书（育明考博课程中心）1.《财政学》哈维·S·罗森著中国人民大学出版社(第九版)2.《经济研究》杂志近三年《经济研究》杂志社3.《经济学动态》杂志近三年《经济学动态》杂志社4.《财贸经济》杂志近三年《财贸经济》杂志社5.《税务研究》杂志近三年《税务研究》杂志社6.《财政研究》杂志近三年《财政研究》杂志社7.《财政理论与政策》郭庆旺、赵志耘著经济科学出版社(2003.3第二版)8.《中国财政理论前沿》（共五卷）刘溶沧、高培勇等主编中国社会科学文献出版社9.《资产评估教程》刘玉平主编中国财政经济出版社(2010.6第三版)10.《资产评估准则2010》中国资产评估协会编经济科学出版社(2010.4)11.《中国资产评估》近三年《中国资产评估》杂志社12.《中国财政史》孙翊刚、王文素中国社会科学出版社(2007.6)13.《中国历代食货志汇编简注》王子英、孙翊刚、门志中国财政经济出版社(1985.1)14.《财政史研究》王文素主编(近三年)中国财政经济出版社15.《中国财政思想史》孙文学等东北财经大学出版社(2008.1)16.《中国税收风险研究报告》马海涛主编经济科学出版社(2011.3)17.《财政预算透明度提升的环境基础研究报告》李燕主编中国社会科学出版社(2011.11)18.《外国财政理论与实践》李俊生、李贞主编经济科学出版社(2012.5)1、参考书是理论知识建立所需的载体，如何从参考书抓取核心书目，从核心书目中遴选出重点章节常考的考点，如何高效的研读参考书、建立参考书框架，如何初步将参考书中的知识内容对应到答题中，是考生复习的第一阶段最需完成的任务。
建议大家可以在专业课老师的指导下来高效率、高质量完成这项工作，为整个备考的成功构建基础。
2、专业知识的来源也不能局限于对参考书的研读，整个的备考当中考生还需要使用相关的参考书笔记、导师课件讲义、各专题总结。
2024年中国社会科学院大学801经济学考博真题回忆版及答案解析
2024年中国社会科学院大学801经济学考博真题回忆版及答案解析（一）厂商成本函数为C（Q）=F+0.5a Q21．求厂商的规模报酬区间2．厂商的供给函数3．若市场需求函数为P=A-b Q（A,b均为正数），市场由该厂商唯一供给，且厂商是价格接受者，在什么条件下存在唯一的市场均衡？【育明教育解析】1.AC=C Q=F Q+12aQ当F Q=12Aq，即Q=2F a时，AC取最小值2aF故Q在0，2F a2F a，+∞上规模不经济1.MC=dC dQ=aQ=p∴供给函数为Q=P a，（p≥2aF）0，（p<2aF）2.p=A−bQQ=P a=>p=aA a+b，Q=A a+b唯一均衡存在的条件是：p=aA a+b≥2aF（二）有a，b两人，消费物品1,2。
效用函数分别为，，a，b 的禀赋分别为（9,3）和（12,6）1．求1和2的超额需求函数，并验证瓦尔拉斯法则2．求均衡价格3．若经济禀赋为（21,9），写出契约线方程。
【育明教育解析】1.对a来说，maxx1a,x2a ln x1a+2ln x2a s.t.p1x1a+p2x2a≤9p1+3p2用lagrangean 乘子法，得：1x 1a =λP 12x 2a =λP 2=>2x 1a P 1=2x 2ap 2代入约束式并取等号解得：x 1a =3+P 2p 1，x 2a =2+6P 1p 2同理，对b 来说，解得：x 1b =4+2P 2p 1，x 2b =4+8P 1p 2∴z 1（P 1）=x 1a +x 1b−21=3P 2p 1−14；z 2（P 2）=x 2a +x 2b−9=14P 1p 2−3∴z 1（P 1）∙P 1+z 2（P 2）∙P 2=0，满足walras 法则2.令z 1（P 1）=0，得：P 2p 1=1433.在契约线上，应有两人的边际替代率相等，即∂U a∂x 1a ∂U a∂x 2a =∂U b∂x 1b ∂U b ∂x 2b ∴1x 1a 2x 2a =121−x 1a 19−x 2a =>9x 1a =21x 2a ，或写成x 2a =37x 1a（以a 的坐标轴）（三）三个小国1，2，3，其中1，2为生产国，3为消费国。
2004~2006年中国财政科学研究院考博英语真题及详解【圣才出品】
2004年中国财政科学研究院考博英语真题及详解Part I: Vocabulary (15 points):Directions:In each item, choose one word that best keeps the meaning of the sentence if it is substituted for the underlined word. Mark out yourchoice.1. The new government has just set up a monopoly in salt.A. controlB. shareC. grantD. segment【答案】A【解析】monopoly垄断，独占，专利。
control控制，支配。
share分享。
grant同意给予或允许，正式或依法给予某物。
segment切片，部分，片段。
2. It is impossible for parents to shield their children from every danger.A. protectB. relieveC. conserveD. free【答案】A【解析】shield保护，防护。
protect保护。
relieve减轻，解除，救济。
conserve使（某物）不变质，保存。
free使自由。
3. During his lifetime he was lucky to accumulate quite a fortune.A. overtakeB. confrontC. gatherD. demonstrate【答案】C【解析】accumulate积累。
gather聚集。
overtake追上，赶上，压倒。
confront使面对，使对证。
demonstrate说明，论证，表述。
4. More and more people nowadays are exercising, quitting tobacco, losing weight and becoming more health-conscious.A. given inB. giving outC. giving awayD. giving up【答案】D【解析】quit停止做某事。
财科院财政学考博—真题(经济学基础)
2014年经济学综合（财政学专业）试题
一、简答题（每题10分，共30分）
1、简述马克思劳动二重性学说。
2、简述“凯恩斯革命”的意义及局限性。
3、经济学所研究的是什么？为什么要做这种研究？
二、论述题（第1题必答，后两题任选一题，每题35分，共70分）
1、试论改革的核心问题是正确处理政府与市场的关系。
2、试论西方供给学派的理论演变及其贡献。
3、试论魁奈“经济表”，马克思“社会再生产图示”和列昂惕夫“投入产出表”内在逻辑的契合与思路传
2014年经济学综合（会计学专业）试题
一、简答题（每题8分，共40分）
1、简述一般均衡与局部均衡的联系与区别。
2、什么是垄断？其成因和不良效应是什么？
3、简述不变资本，可变资本与剩余价值。
4、何为现代企业制度？
5、什么是市场失灵？什么是政府失灵？
二、论述题（第1题必答，后两题任选一题，每题30分，共60分）
1、试论改革的核心问题是正确处理政府与市场的关系。
2、试论政府促进房地产业健康发展的基本思路和政策要领。
3、试论我国基本经济制度的重要实现形式是混合所有制。
2013年经济学综合（财政学专业）试题
一、简答题（每题10分，共30分）
1.简述马克思的剩余价值理论
2.简述马克思的投资乘数理论
3.简述“恩格尔系数”。
2014年社会科学院财政学专业试题,真题解析,复试真题,真题笔记
考博详解与指导社会科学院财政学专业试题1.共分5道“简述题”和3道（3选2答）“论述题”两个部分，前者每题10分，后者每题25分。
2.简述第一题：公共产品由政府提供的因素有哪些？（只记得主要意思，与原题无法精确一致）3.简述第五题：我国预算制度改革的目标和障碍？（同上）4.论述第一题：比较98和08的积极财政政策的异同。
现在的财政政策是否有效？你认为还需要采取哪些财政政策？（同上）5.论述第二题：与我国个人所得税有关，记不清楚了，大概是有什么缺陷，如何改革之类的……6.论述第三题：我国分税制改革15年，是否到了需要进一步改革的时候？省级以下财政体制应如何改革？第一部分、传统面试问题（Sample Traditional Interview Questions）1、What can you tell me about yourself?（关于你自己，你能告诉我些什么？）这一问题如果面试没有安排自我介绍的时间的话。
这是一个必问的问题。
考官并不希望你大谈你的个人历史，他是在寻找有关你性格、资历、志向和生活动力的线索，来判断你是否适合读研或者MBA。
下面是一个积极正面回答的好例子：“在高中我参加各种竞争性体育活动，并一直努力提高各项运动的成绩。
大学期间，我曾在一家服装店打工，我发现我能轻而易举地将东西推销出去。
销售固然重要，但对我来说，更重要的是要确信顾客能够满意。
不久便有顾客返回那家服装店点名让我为他们服务。
我很有竞争意识，力求完美对我很重要。
”In high school I was involved in competitive sports and I always tried to improve in each sport I participated in.As a college student,I worked in a clothing store part-time and found that I could sell things easily.The sale was important,but for me,it was even more important to make sure that the customer was satisfied.It was not long before customers came back to the store and specifically asked for me to help them.I’m very competitive and it means a lot to me to be the best.2、What would you like to be doing five years after graduation?（在毕业以后5年内你想做些什么？）你要清楚你实际上能胜任什么。
2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国财政科学研究院考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷(带答案)试题号：4
2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国财政科学研究院考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题Our modern civilization must not be thought of as ______ in a short period of time.问题1选项A.being createB.having createdC.having been createdD.creating【答案】C【解析】考查定语从句。
句意：我们的现代文明不应该被认为是在短时间内创造出来的。
根据civilization 被create确定用被动语态，根据create的动作从过去开始发生，持续到现在，并且将持续下去确定用现在完成时，C选项having been created符合题意。
因此C选项正确。
2.单选题Not only ______ much bigger than any planet, but unlike the planets, it consists completely of gaseous material.问题1选项A.the sun isB.the sun, which isC.is the sunD.that the sun【答案】C【解析】考查定语从句。
句意：太阳不仅比任何行星都要大得多，而且不同的是，它完全由气体物质组成。
根据题目和选项确定考查固定搭配not only…but的部分倒装，not only放在句首的倒装结构为not only+助动词/情态动词/be动词+主语+其他，C选项is the sun选项符合题意。
因此C选项正确。
3.单选题______ any previous experience, John doesn’t stand a chance of getting that job.问题1选项A.Not havingB.Not having hadC.Having notD.Having not had【答案】A【解析】考查非谓语动词。
财科院财政学考博—真题（经济学基础）
财科院财政学考博—真题（经济学基础）2014年经济学综合（财政学专业）试题一、简答题（每题10分，共30分）1、简述马克思劳动二重性学说。
2、简述“凯恩斯革命”的意义及局限性。
3、经济学所研究的是什么？为什么要做这种研究？二、论述题（第1题必答，后两题任选一题，每题35分，共70分）1、试论改革的核心问题是正确处理政府与市场的关系。
2、试论西方供给学派的理论演变及其贡献。
3、试论魁奈“经济表”，马克思“社会再生产图示”和列昂惕夫“投入产出表”内在逻辑的契合与思路传2014年经济学综合（会计学专业）试题一、简答题（每题8分，共40分）1、简述一般均衡与局部均衡的联系与区别。
2、什么是垄断？其成因和不良效应是什么？3、简述不变资本，可变资本与剩余价值。
4、何为现代企业制度？5、什么是市场失灵？什么是政府失灵？二、论述题（第1题必答，后两题任选一题，每题30分，共60分）1、试论改革的核心问题是正确处理政府与市场的关系。
2、试论政府促进房地产业健康发展的基本思路和政策要领。
3、试论我国基本经济制度的重要实现形式是混合所有制。
2013年经济学综合（财政学专业）试题一、简答题（每题10分，共30分）1.简述马克思的剩余价值理论2.简述马克思的投资乘数理论3.简述“恩格尔系数”二、论述题（第一题必答，后两题任选一题，每题35分，共70分）1.试论马克思社会再生产理论所揭示的“按比例”规律，并分析其与所谓“有计划按比例规律”的异同2.试论城镇化发展的一般规律，我国城镇化发展需解决的关键问题与对策思路3.请结合新制度学派的理论创新点分析我国深化经济改革的必要性与其所关联的效应2013年经济学综合（会计学专业）试题一、简答题（每题10分，共40分）1.什么是资本有机构成？其长期演变趋势如何？2.简述纳什均衡3.简述价值与交换价值的异同4.简述美国供给学派的产生背景、基本政策主张与主要贡献二、论述题（第一题必答，后两题任选一题，每题30分，共60分）1. 试论马克思社会再生产理论所揭示的“按比例”规律2. 你认为政府在解决外部性问题上可以发挥哪些积极作用？3. 试论工业化与城镇化的关系以及我国新型城镇化中的“市民化”2012年经济学综合（财政学专业）试题一、简述题（每题10分，共30分）1.简述马克思的社会扣除理论及其意义2.简述垄断的概念与成因3.简述经济外部性理论，并分别说明企业污染和国家森林公园的外部性二、论述题（第一题必答，后两题任选一题，每题35分，共70分）1.马克思社会再生产理论的主要内容及其规律概括2.运用发展经济学与制度经济学理论，分析我国城乡关系合理化的历史进程，并提出对策思路3.试论国际金融危机对西方流行经济理论的挑战2012年经济学综合（会计学专业）试题一、简述题（以下五题任选四题，每题10分，共40分）1.解释信贷资本、虚拟资本2.简述剩余价值理论3.简述经济外部性理论4.简述“凯恩斯”革命5.人民币升值对我国经济有什么影响？二、论述题（以下三题任选两题，每题30分，共60分）1.如何看待通货膨胀、失业、经济增长的关系2.试论我国中小微企业的困境与解决之道3.试论正确处理虚拟经济与实体经济的关系一、简述题（每题10分，共30分）1.简述马克思的级差地租理论2.简述新古典经济学的边际理论3.有人说中国已到了刘易斯拐点，请谈谈你的认识二、论述题（第一题必答，后两题任选一道，每题35分）1.马克思社会再生产理论所揭示的基本规律是什么？2.试论我国收入分配存在的主要问题与对策。
社科院博士生入学考试英语试题
中国社会科学院研究生院2017年攻读博士学位研究生入学考试试卷英语（B卷）2017年3月11日8:30–11:30答题说明1.请考生按照答题卡的要求填写相关内容。
在“姓名”一栏中，请用中文填写本人姓名；“试卷类型”一栏，本人无需填写。
2．在答题卡的“考生编号”一栏中填入本人的准考证号。
例如：考号为012345678900001，请考生在第一行中填写阿拉伯数字012345678900001，然后再将各栏中相应的数字涂黑，如下图所示。
如不涂满，计算机将识别为无效试卷。
3.在答题卡上填写答案时，请务必按照图示将选项格涂满;在A,B,C,D四个选项中，只有一个正确答案。
填写两个或两个以上答案，本题无效。
如需涂改，请务必用橡皮擦净后再重新填写。
4.试卷第三部分（包括阅读7选5、概要）、第四部分(包括英译汉、汉译英)，请考生直接写在英语试题答题纸上的指定位置，不再提供额外的答题纸。
请将以下题目的答案填写在答题卡上。
PART I:Cloze(20points)Directions:Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank.During the mid–1980s,my family and I spent a__(1)__year in the historic town of St. Andrews,paring life there with life in America,we were impressed by a__(2)__ disconnection between national wealth and well-being.To most Americans,Scottish life would have seemed__(3)__.Incomes were about half that in the U.S.Among families in the Kingdom of Fife surrounding St.Andrews,44percent did not own a car,and we never met a family that owned two.Central heating in this place__(4)__south of Iceland was,at that time,still a luxury.In hundreds of conversations during our year there and during three half summer stays since,we ___(5)___notice that,___(6)___their simpler living,the Scots appeared___(7)___joyful than Americans.We heard complaints about Margaret Thatcher,but never about being underpaid or unable to afford wants.Within any country,such as our own,are rich people happier?In poor countries,being relatively well off does make__(8)__somewhat better well off.But in affluent countries,where nearly everyone can afford life’s necessities,increasing affluence matters__(9)__little.In the U.S.,Canada,and Europe,the correlation between income and happiness is,as University of Michigan researcher noted in a1980s16–nation study,“virtually__(10)__”.Happiness is lower __(11)__the very poor.But once comfortable,more money provides diminishing returns.Even very rich people are only slightly happier than average.With net worth all___(12)___ $100million,providing___(13)___money to buy things they don’t need and hardly care about,4 in5of the49people responding to survey agreed that“Money can increase or decrease happiness, depending on how it is used”.And some were indeed unhappy.One fabulously__(14)__man said he could never remember being happy.One woman reported that money__(15)__misery caused by her children’s’problems.At the other end of life’s circumstances are most victims of disabling tragedies.Yet,remarkably, most eventually recover a near-normal level of day-to-day happiness.Thus,university students who must cope with disabilities are__(16)__able-bodied students to report themselves happy,and their friends agree with their self-perceptions.We have__(17)__the American dream of achieved wealth and well-being by comparing rich and unrich countries,and rich and unrich people.That leaves the final question:Over time,does happiness rise with affluence?Typically not.Lottery winners appear to gain but a temporary jolt of joy from their winnings. On a small scale,a jump in our income can boost our morale,for a while.But in the long run, neither an ice cream cone nor a new car nor becoming rich and famous produces the same feelings of delight that it initially___(18)___.Happiness is not the result of being rich,but a__(19)__ consequence of having recently become richer.Wealth,it therefore seems,is like health:Although its utter absence can breed misery,having it does not guarantee happiness.Happiness is__(20)__a matter of getting what we want than of wanting what we have.1. a.underpaid b.prosperous c.affluent d.sabbatical2. a.assumed b.seeming c.seemed d.seemly3. a.precarious b.imprudent c.spartan d.gallant4. a.not far b.as far as c.far from d.far to5. a.virtually b.remarkably c.ideally d.repeatedly6. a.forasmuch b.despite c.considering d.inasmuch7. a.no less b.less c.more d.no more8. a.for b.up c.out d.over9. a.scarely b.intentionally c.surprisingly d.provisionally10.a.diminishing b.negligible c.tripled d.perceivable11.a.in b.on c.upon d.among12.a.exceeded b.exceeding c.excess d.excessive13.a.utter b.messy c.greedy d.ample14.a.prosperous b.triumphant c.jubilant d.victorious15.a.could undo b.could intensifyc.could not undod.could not intensify16.a.as plausible as b.not as plausible asc.as likely asd.not as likely as17.a.ventilated b.deliberated c.speculated d.scrutinized18.a.does b.did c.has done d.is19.a.new b.favorite c.temporary d.normal20.a.more b.less c.better d.worsePART II:Reading Comprehension(30points)Directions:Choose the best answers based on the information in the passages below. Passage1In the1960s and’70s of the last unlamented century,there was a New York television producer named David Susskind.He was commercially successful;he was also,surprisingly,a man of strong political views which he knew how to present so tactfully that networks were often unaware of just what he was getting away with on their—our—air.Politically,he liked to get strong-minded guests to sit with him at a round table in a ratty building at the corner of Broadway and42nd Street.Sooner or later,just about everyone of interest appeared on his program.Needless to say,he also had time for Vivien Leigh to discuss her recent divorce from Laurence Olivier,which summoned forth the mysterious cry from the former Scarlett O’Hara,“I am deeply sorry for any woman who was not married to Larry Olivier.”Since this took in several billion ladies(not to mention those gentlemen who might have offered to fill,as it were,the breach),Leigh caused a proper stir,as did the ballerina Alicia Markova,who gently assured us that“a Markova comes only once every hundred years or so.”I suspect it was the dim lighting on the set that invited such naked truths.David watched his pennies.I don’t recall how,or when,we began our“States of the Union”programs.But we did them year after year.I would follow whoever happened to be president,and I’d correct his“real”State of the Union with one of my own,improvising from questions that David would prepare.I was a political pundit because in a1960race for the House of Representatives(upstate New York), I got more votes than the head of the ticket,JFK;in1962,I turned down the Democratic nomination for U.S.Senate on the sensible ground that it was not winnable;I also had a pretty good memory in those days,now a-jangle with warning bells as I try to recall the national debt or,more poignantly,where I last saw my glasses.I’ve just come across my“State of the Union”as of1972.In1972,I begin:“According to the polls,our second principal concern today is the breakdown of law and order.”(What,I wonder,was the first?Let’s hope it was the pointless,seven-year—at that point—war in Southeast Asia.)I noted that to those die-hard conservatives,“law and order”is usually a code phrase meaning“get the blacks.”While,to what anorexic,vacant-eyed blonde women on TV now describe as the“liberal elite,”we were pushing the careful—that is,slow—elimination of poverty.But then,I say very mildly,we have only one political party in the United States,the Property Party,with two right wings,Republican and Democrat.Since I tended to speak to conservative audiences in such civilized places as Medford,Oregon;Parkersburg,West Virginia;and Longview,Washington,there are,predictably,a few gasps at this rejection of so much received opinion.There are also quite a few nods from interested citizens who find it difficult at election time to tell the parties apart.Was it in pristine Medford that I actually saw the nodding Ralph Nader whom I was,to his horror,to run for president that year in Esquire?Inspired by the nods,I start to geld the lily,as the late Sam Goldwyn used to say.The Republicans are often more doctrinaire than the Democrats,who are willing to make small—very small—adjustments where the poor and black are concerned while giving aid and comfort to the anti-imperialists.Comprehension Questions:21.We may understand Alicia Markova to be______________.a.A current popular figure in the United Statesb.A much sought-after interview subjectc.A popular,rather than intellectual,interview subjectd.A Russian defector to the United States22.In the passage,the author reminds the reader that the broadcast bands are______________.e.invariably used for the public good b.private,rather than public,propertyc.public,rather than private,propertyd.fair and balanced23.The author now finds it difficult to______________.a.run for Senateb.differentiate between a Republican and a Democratc.remember details or informationd.identify code-words in the media24.The author observes that anti-crime initiatives by America’s political right often either result inor are based upon______________.a.the desire to eliminate povertyb.protection of propertyc.the State of the Uniond.profiling.25.The author was invited to participate in Suskind’s television programs because______________.a.of his varied political experiencef.he turned down the Democratic nomination for U.S.Senateg.his knowledge of Larry Olivierh.his status as an anti-imperialistPassage2Chicag’s segregation of minorities is as old as the city itself.The African-American neighborhoods of today’s South and West sides are located in exactly the same parts of the city as the African-American neighborhoods of1910.And from1930to today,these African America neighborhoods have been represented in Congress and in the state house by African-American politicians,who have done very little(other than pass Federal benefit programs)to lift African-Americans out of poverty.In the2000Census,for example,of the ten poorest census tracts in the entire United States,nine were located in the South and West Side African-American areas ruled by African-American congressmen Bobby Rush and Jesse Jackson Jr.The concept of Western Imperial Colonialism is very popular in the literature of racial exploitation.The continent of Africa was divided up into“colonies”by the major European Imperial powers in a very short period of time:just seven years,from1885to1892.Previously,Britain had seized vast territories belonging to other cultures for hundreds of years.But in20th century America a new type of colony was invented:American urban colonies in the large metropolitan areas from the Midwest and Northeast to Los Angeles.These were made possible by the Great Migration of African-Americans from the South to the North,which began during WWI.As they moved north,African-Americans were immediately confined to ghettoes defined by racial boundaries.No one doubts that this segregation was done intentionally.But it’s important to realize that this segregation was not created by the racist attitudes of the residents of Chicago(Chicago never had slaves)but by the ruling political elite.As soon as the African-American population of Chicago began to expand,the Great Depression hit and put many persons out of work.FDR’s response to this was to create the New Deal programs of welfare,food assistance,and subsidized housing.While this greatly helped unemployed persons of all races,for African-Americans it began the ghettoization of their people into what can only be called urban colonies in the large cities of the north.The pattern seen in the 20largest cities of the United States from1920to2010is remarkably consistent.In192019of the twenty largest cities were all located in the North.All of these nineteen cities were from92.5%to 99%white.The one exception was Baltimore,MD and that was85%white.It had a slightly larger black population only because it was a port of entry for the slave trade.Similarly,all of these cities saw great increases in their black populations starting in1920.By1990these cities were from26to 76%black.These cities did not lose whites because African-Americans moved in.Rather,it is more accurate to say that Americans are a highly migratory group,and the big cities were ports of entry for European immigrants.So as whites left,politicians wanted to maintain their population numbers. By the2010Census the cities with the highest black populations were Detroit,MI,which was83% black,and Newark,NJ which was52%.(Sources:Census paper No.76and Census2010Quick facts).And since in all the major industrial cities of the North,the destinations of job-seeking African-American migrants were controlled by Democrats,it is overwhelmingly clear that these great pockets of urban poverty were created and maintained by that one political party.Tragically all of these cities have very high rates of segregation,poor education for African-Americans;high unemployment,single motherhood,and crime.In Chicago,“negro wards”as they were then called, were quickly drawn up:their boundaries reflected(and promoted)the racial segregation of the time. Their political representatives were African-American,and they were expected to deliver votes tothe Democratic Party.Most Americans don’t know that Chicago is the center for black politics. Furthermore,since Lincoln freed the slaves,African-Americans in Chicago voted for Republicans, until a Democratic Mayor,Anton Cermak,took over;fired all the thousands of African-Americans who Republicans had given city government jobs,and took over the black vote.Since that time Chicago's African-Americans have been represented exclusively by black politicians,and always lived in poverty.What made the black submachine of Chicago possible was that Chicago already had in place a Democratic Machine.Exploitation is promulgated by urban Democrats as a way to manipulate residents and keep themselves in power.What makes the American Urban Colonialism plan so revolutionary and ingenious is that it does not rely on agreements with foreign governments; the market price of iron ore,or cotton for profits;but on Federal benefit programs.These program dollars are infinitely more reliable and politically stable.Comprehension Questions:26.According to the essay,American cities lost white residents due to______________.a.white voter’s minority rule in the Republican partyb.the influx of European immigrantsc.the migratory nature of Americansd.ghettoization by African-Americans27.The essays convincingly demonstrates that_______________.a.power is more important than peopleb.white Americans are essentially racistc.the Civil War was fought for nothingd.slave trade determined the fate of ethnic minorities in American cities28.The Democratic Machine in Chicago provides incentives in the form of_______________.a.segregation of minoritiesb.high unemployment,single motherhood,and crimec.federal benefit programsd.negro wards29.Obama moved to Chicago because________________.a.the black submachine already had in place a Democratic Machineb.Chicago is the center for black politicsc.the Great Migration of directed African-Americans from the South to the Northd.Chicago is the most segregated city in America30.According to the author,American urban colonialism is the result of_______________.a.the ghettoization of African-American people in American citiesb.the segregation of minoritiesc.the political clientelism of the black submachined.western imperial colonialism in AfricaPassage3It is a well-known hypothesis that newborns can immediately identify the smell of their mother’s amniotic fluid;other than this one potential exception,taste in fragrance can be thought of as nurtured in totality by experience and influence.There is,of course,an argument that nature intervenes to temper a subject’s agency by inducing unfavorable reactions to harmful and poisonous materials that causes a negative olfactory association,for example,the smell of rotten food becoming linked to the experience of food poisoning.However,in most cases the process of deciding bad from good smells is controlled by societal(parental)censorship and its converse—public appreciation.This logic is akin to the French philosopher Louis Althusser’s theory of interpellation in relation to subjectivity and identity-making.For Althusser,human subjectivity (arguably comparable to consciousness itself)is a type of ideology.In Althusser’s view it is impossible to avoid the ideology of subjectivity and for this reason subjects are‘always already interpellated’,even before they are born.Althusser’s philosophy essentially argues that one cannot see oneself outside of ideology and one’s identity is formed by mirroring oneself in the ideology already present.In relation to(olfactory)taste-making,this is significant as taste can be thought of as a subset of subjectivity and therefore choosing a fragrance is an interpellating activity that paradoxically both affirms and displaces a subject’s sense of free agency.The hail comes from marketing and emotive retail experiences;the ideology that of personal enhancement;the moment of interpellation taking place at the point of sale.There are,in my opinion,pertinent links to be made between interpellation and the psychoanalyst Jacques Lacan’s work on the mirror stage in infants.This is described by Lacan as the moment when a child sees themselves for the first time in a(conceptual)mirror,recognizes themselves as the image in the mirror,and dissociates the belief in a fragmented body with a visual wholeness threatened by literal and metaphorical fragmentation(of their own body/of the replication of their body in the mirror),resulting in a tension between the physical body and the imaged body.It is also the moment when the child is able to apperceive—the concept of seeing oneself outside of oneself as an object.In an attempt to alleviate this tension, Lacan argues that the child then fully identifies itself with the image,and as a result the Ego is formed through visual means,resulting in a temporary cognitive jubilation in the baby’s apparent mastery over its own image.As Althusser,Lacan sees the ideology of subjectivity as a prerequisite of a developed consciousness.Once this has happened,further understanding of self-presentation and self-fashioning can begin that govern one’s own identity-formation for the rest of life.Although babies are aware of the fragrance stimuli around them at a young age,including the peculiarities of smells produced by them,I would argue that the moment of what I term mature olfactory apperception happens much later than other forms of practical self-awareness and tends to occur around puberty when issues of olfactory urgency arise around bodily changes.I am arguing that the recognition of one’s own scent in a conceptual olfactory mirror at that moment in life gives rise to a strong sense of olfactory hierarchy and cements involuntary links between ideology and perfume.It is no coincidence then that so many fragrance-lovers comment that their interest developed around their teens.To explicate the term further,it can be reasoned that recognition of the difference between personal and external smells in babies in relation to subjectivity is fairly limited,just as is the understanding of the imaged self before the mirror stage.However,given that Lacan argues that the Ego is initially formed through cognitive contradictions in image,the sense of sight is given immediate priority over the other senses,as the baby comprehends the significance of its own bodily image through its presence in social situations.However,the significance of its own smellsis not a subject treated with as much codified authority and therefore little olfactory context is given to the subject.As one approaches puberty and begins to apperceive the idea of a personal whole scent as opposed to a fragmented olfactory reality scent is suddenly put into an important,codified, and relevant context—a context of‘them,me,dirty,clean,sexual’.This is the moment of mature olfactory apperception.Comprehension Questions:31.With the possible exception of an infant’s ability to identify the smell of the amniotic fluid,tastein fragrance is_________________.a.naturalb.artificialc.objectived.subjective32.Mature olfactory apperception is achieved at the moment of_________________.a.pubertyb.fully developed consciousness of one’s own scentc.full comprehension of the significance of one’s own bodily imaged.a visual wholeness threatened by literal and metaphorical fragmentation33.Personal style and choice of a fragrance can be seen as__________________.a.codified authorityb.a conceptual olfactory mirrorc.a subset of subjectivityd.a fragmented olfactory reality34.Apperception can be defined as the induction of the self as__________________.a.an objectb.a subjectc.an imaged.an ego35.According to the author,a teenager’s choice of perfume__________________.a.depends on him/herselfb.is conditioned by ideologyc.is decided by a codified authority.d.is decided by commercePassage4A Cyborg Manifesto is an essay written by Donna Haraway,in which the concept of the cyborg is a rejection of rigid boundaries,notably those separating“human”from“animal”and “human”from“machine”.She writes:“The cyborg does not dream of community on the model of the organic family,this time without the oedipal project.The cyborg would not recognize the Garden of Eden;it is not made of mud and cannot dream of returning to dust.”The Manifesto criticizes traditional notions of feminism,particularly feminist focuses on identity politics,and encouraging instead coalition through affinity.She uses the metaphor of a cyborg to urge feminists to move beyond the limitations of traditional gender,feminism,and politics.Marisa Olson summarized Haraway’s thoughts as a belief that there is no distinction between natural life and artificial man-made machines.Haraway begins the Manifesto by explaining three boundary breakdowns since the20th Century that have allowed for her hybrid,cyborg myth:the breakdown of boundaries between human and animal,animal-human and machine,and physical and non-physical.Evolution has blurred the lines between human and animal;20th Century machines have made ambiguous the lines between natural and artificial;and microelectronics and the politicalinvisibility of cyborgs have confused the lines of physicality.Haraway highlights the problematic use and justification of Western traditions like patriarchy,colonialism,essentialism,and naturalism (among others).These traditions in turn allow for the problematic formations of taxonomies and what Haraway explains as antagonistic dualisms that order Western discourse.These dualisms, Haraway states,have all been systematic to the logics and practices of domination of women, people of color,nature,workers,animals...all those constituted as others.However,high-tech culture provides a challenge to these antagonistic dualisms.Haraway’s cyborg theory rejects the notions of essentialism,proposing instead a chimeric,monstrous world of fusions between animal and machine.Cyborg theory relies on writing as“the technology of cyborgs”,as“cyborg politics is the struggle for language and the struggle against perfect communication,against the one code that translates all meaning perfectly,the central dogma of phallogocentrism”.Instead,Haraway’s cyborg calls for a non-essentialized,material-semiotic metaphor capable of uniting diffuse political coalitions along the lines of affinity rather than identity.Following Lacanian feminists such as Luce Irigaray,Haraway’s work addresses the chasm between feminist discourses and the dominant language of Western patriarchy.As Haraway explains,“grammar is politics by other means,”and effective politics require speaking in the language of domination.As she details in a chart of the paradigmatic shifts from modern to postmodern epistemology within the Manifesto,the unified human subject of identity has shifted to the hybridized posthuman of technoscience,from “representation”to“simulation,”“bourgeois novel”to“science fiction,”“reproduction”to “replication,”and“white capitalist patriarchy”to“informatics of domination.”While Haraway’s “ironic dream of a common language”is inspired by Irigaray’s argument for a discourse other than patriarchy,she rejects Irigaray’s essentializing construction of woman-as-not-male to argue for a linguistic community of situated,partial knowledges in which no one is innocent.Although Haraway's metaphor of the cyborg has been labelled as a post-gender statement,Haraway has clarified her stance on post-genderism in recent interviews.She acknowledges that her argument in the Manifesto seeks to challenge the necessity for categorization of gender,but does not correlate this argument to post-genderism.She clarifies this distinction because post-genderism is often associated with the discourse of the utopian concept of being beyond masculinity and femininity. Haraway notes that gender constructs are still prevalent and meaningful,but are troublesome and should therefore be eliminated as categories for identity.Comprehension Questions:36.According to the text,a cybernetic organism or cyborg must be understood as________________.a.a gender-neutral constructb.a robotc.a posthuman speculative beingd.neither organic nor inorganic37.Haraway poses that gender constructs should be eliminated as categories for identity because________________.a.the paradigmatic shifts from modern to postmodern epistemologyb.post-genderism is often associated with the discourse of the utopian conceptc.they pose an antagonistic dualismd.they pose a non-essential,material-semiotic metaphor38.According to Haraway manicheisms are in competition with one another,creating paradoxicalrelations of domination,particularly________________.a.God/manb.right/wrongc.self/otherd.one/other39.The cyborg is a________________.a.metaphorb.mechanical productc.animistic conceptanic hybrid40.A sonographic fetus would in many ways be the ultimate cyborg because_______________.a.it is“created”in a space of virtualityb.it is neither male nor femalec.it is simultaneously human and animald.it is politically invisible请将以下题目的答案填写在答题纸上。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
中国社会科学研究院财经系财政学专业考博英语真题报考分析一、中国社会科学研究院财政学专业考博考试内容分析（育明考博辅导中心)专业招生人数初试内容复试内容020203财政学2016年2人①1001英语或1004德语②2001经济学原理③3186财政学①外国语综合能力测试50分（含口语及听力）②专业综合150分（笔试、面试）育明考博辅导中心张老师解析：1、中国社会科学研究院财政学专业考博的报录比平均在6:1左右（竞争较激烈）2、本专业有3个研究方向：01财税理论与政策（高培勇）02财税理论与比较税制（杨志勇）03财政学与财税思想史（马珺）3、初试英语拉开的分差较小，两门专业课拉开的分差非常大，要进入复试就必须在两门专业课中取得较高的分数，专业课的复习备考中“信息”和“方向”比单纯的时间投入和努力程度更重要。
4、以同等学力资格报考的考生初试时需加试高等数学和“政治理论”(考试范围：马克思主义经典选读、中国特色社会主义理论)，复试时需加试两门本专业硕士学位主干课程（笔试）。
5、入学考试总成绩=初试成绩*60%+复试成绩*40%。
育明教育考博分校针对中国社会科学研究院财政学专业考博开设的辅导课程有：考博英语课程班·专业课课程班·视频班·复试保过班·高端协议班。
每年专业课课程班的平均通过率都在80%以上。
根植育明学校从2006年开始积累的深厚高校资源，整合利用历届育明优秀学员的成功经验与高分资料，为每一位学员构建考博成功的基础保障。
（中国社会科学研究院财经系考博资料获取、课程咨询育明张老师叩叩：772678537）二、中国社会科学研究院财经系历年考博复试分数线（育明考博课程中心）育明考博辅导中心张老师解析：1、中国社会科学研究院财经系共有5个博士招生专业：020203财政学、020204金融学、020205产业经济学、020206国际贸易学、120203旅游管理，各个专业竞争压力还是比较大的。
2、复试成绩200分，120分为合格。
复试不合格者不予录取。
3、2016年中国社会科学研究院财经系计划招生人数为13人。
年份复试分数线进入复试人数/录取人数（不含硕博连读）2013年英语A 类46分B 类51小语种60分专业课60分20人/13人2014年英语A 类46分B 类51小语种60分专业课60分18人/13人2015年英语A 类46分B 类51小语种60分专业课60分21人/13人4、中国社会科学研究院财经系考博历年缺考率平均在20%左右。
（中国社会科学研究院财经系考博资料获取、课程咨询育明张老师叩叩：772678537）三、联系导师联系导师是一个技术活，顺利的话会给你的备考提供很大的帮助，甚至是决定性的帮助，不顺利的话，可能就未考先败。
联系导师的具体方式有很多种，比如第三方介绍、直接蹲守、公开信息查找等，各种方式都有自己的优劣，关键是看你的资源和沟通技巧。
初次联系一般采用邮件的形式，怎么写非常重要，一定要注意措辞、内容和语气。
第一、联系导师的邮件怎么写呢？初次联系导师一般都是采用邮件的形式。
写邮件之前要做大量的准备工作，首要的就是弄明白导师的情况，比如求学的经历、任职的经历、出版的专著、发表的论文、代表性的学术成果等。
在邮件中要表达这么基层意思，第一，做一个自我介绍，突出自己的学术潜质；第二，说一下老师的研究成果，表现出兴趣和仰慕；第三，表达想进一步跟随老师做学问的想法和渴望；第四，希望老师的回应或者预约下次见面的时间和地点。
具体的操作技术性很强，稍有差池就可能功亏一篑。
你可以写一份初稿，我给你找我们经验丰富的专业课老师看看，给你提提修改意见。
第二、联系导师的短信怎么写？你能获得老师的手机号码，说明你对老师也有一定的了解了。
短信不同于邮件和打电话，短信的字数不宜太多，太多了老师看起来不方便。
短信的内容要简明扼要，写短信之前要做大量的准备工作，首要的就是弄明白导师的情况，比如求学的经历、任职的经历、出版的专著、发表的论文、代表性的学术成果等。
在邮件中要表达这么基层意思，第一，做一个自我介绍，突出自己的学术潜质；第二，说一下老师的研究成果，表现出兴趣和仰慕；第三，表达想进一步跟随老师做学问的想法和渴望；第四，希望老师的回应。
具体的操作技术性很强，稍有差池就可能功亏一篑。
我给你一个模板：“尊敬的A老师您好！我是XX,之前拜读过您的XX，我对您研究的XX非常感兴趣，自己也有一些心得和困惑，想当面和您请教，不知老师最近能够在百忙之中赐见？”你可以写一份初稿，我给你找我们经验丰富的专业课老师看看，给你提提修改意见。
第三、第一次给导师打电话说什么呢？第一次给导师打电话，一定要保持一个自信、平和的心态，不要慌乱。
你能获得老师的手机号码，说明你通过各种途径对老师也有一定的了解了。
打电话之前要做大量的准备工作，首要的就是弄明白导师的情况，比如求学的经历、任职的经历、出版的专著、发表的论文、代表性的学术成果等。
在邮件中要表达这么基层意思，第一，做一个自我介绍，突出自己的学术潜质；第二，说一下老师的研究成果，表现出兴趣和仰慕；第三，表达想进一步跟随老师做学问的想法和渴望；第四，希望老师的回应。
具体的操作技术性很强，稍有差池就可能功亏一篑。
你可以写一份初稿，我给你找我们经验丰富的专业课老师看看，给你提提修改意见。
打电话还得注意你的语气和语调，通过你的语言传递出你的想法，给老师留下良好的印象。
五、2016年考博英语复习资料推荐（育明教育考博分校课程辅导中心）关于考博英语资料《2016年考博英语复习资料》由育明考博的英语辅导专家组共同编写。
该套资料针对考博英语的题型、考察重点、出题形式、出题范围，并结合了具有代表性的各大院校考博英语试题命题组老师的著作、上课课件以及英语等级考试试题，从而可以在短期内有效地提升广大考生的英语应试能力。
（资料可以邮寄）全套资料目录：（一）、2016版《考博英语真题解析》，育明考博编著河北大学出版社出版，北外教授夏岩主编，育明考博资料中心共同编著。
包含全国20多所具有代表性的院校考博英语真题集最为详尽的答案解析、作文模板，是广大考博人必备的考博英语复习资料。
（二）、考博英语各专项复习资料1.词汇备考资料：（1）考博英语词汇讲义及真题举例（2）博士研究生英语考试大纲重点词汇（3）考博英语高频词汇、短语汇总（4）全国重点院校博士英语词汇真题精选（5）英语教授讲座稿件（考博英语词汇）2.完形填空备考资料：（1）考博英语完形填空讲义及指导练习（2）考博英语完形填空基础夯实练习3.阅读理解备考资料：（1）考博英语阅读理解讲义及指导练习（2）考博英语阅读理解精选精练精讲（中级）（3）考博英语阅读理解精选精练精讲（高级）4.翻译备考资料：（1）考博英语翻译讲义及指导练习（2）考博英语翻译重要方法分析（3）考博英语翻译常见单词和词组的正确处理方式（4）考博英语翻译精讲与强化（5）考博英语翻译致胜押题20篇5.写作备考资料：（1）考博英语写作讲义及指导练习（2）育明老师考博英语作文评分等级点评参考（3）考博英语写作各部分优秀参考公式（4）考博英语优秀范文精选（5）育明优秀学员作文笔记精选及写作模板（6）2015考博英语作文押题35篇（三）、精选考博英语命题可参照院校的考博真题及解析1.北京大学考博英语真题解析（一套）2.社科院考博英语真题解析（一套）3.复旦大学考博英语真题解析（一套）4.中科院考博英语真题解析（一套）5.厦门大学考博英语真题解析（一套）6.同济大学考博英语真题解析（一套）7.武汉大学考博英语真题解析（一套）（四）、2016年考博英语名师押题及解析（共3套）五、中国社会科学院研究生院2016年招收攻读博士学位研究生简章一、培养目标培养德智体全面发展，在本门学科上掌握坚实宽广的基础理论和系统深入的专门知识，具有独立从事科学研究工作的能力，在科学和专门技术上做出创造性成果的高级科学专门人才。
2016年我院拟招收全日制博士研究生400余名。
二、报考条件(一)报考普通招考的考生，须符合下列条件：1.拥护中国共产党的领导，具有正确的政治方向，热爱祖国，愿意为社会主义现代化建设服务，遵纪守法，品行端正；2.已获硕士学位的人员（在境外获得的学位应通过教育部留学服务中心认证，报名时提交认证证书）；3.应届硕士毕业生（最迟须在入学前取得硕士学位）；4.同等学力人员（获得学士学位6年及以上，从获得学士学位之日到博士生入学之日算起，并在核心期刊上发表与报考专业相关的学术论文2篇）；5.身体和心理健康状况符合我院的规定；6.年龄一般不超过45周岁；7.有两名所报考学科专业领域内的教授（或相当专业技术职称的专家）的书面推荐意见；8.现役军人报考博士生的要求及办法，按解放军总政治部有关规定办理；9.非学历教育（单证，只有硕士学位证书而无硕士毕业证书）的专业学位考生或同等学力申请硕士学位人员报考，必须在报名前获得硕士学位证书。
（二）报考我院2016年“马克思主义理论骨干人才计划”及政府政策与公共管理系“领航班”的考生，请登陆我院网站—招生信息—博士招生栏目及报考系网页查看2016年招生简章和专业目录等信息。
（三）2016年我院招收硕博连读研究生，申请人为我院在读二年级学术型硕士生，申请专业及研究方向见2016年博士生招生专业目录，申请时间为2016年4月，报名及申请程序见届时通知。
目录中标注研究方向优先录取硕博连读研究生，普通招考考生不得选择该方向，如届时该方向未录取到硕博连读生，则调剂录取普通招考考生。
三、网上报名及确认（一）凡符合报考条件的考生均须按我院相关规定和要求办理报名手续（“马克思主义理论骨干人才计划”考生报名方式见我院网站通知）。
我院博士报名采取网上报名方式，报名时间为2015年11月23日—12月28日，报名网站为“中国研究生招生信息网”，网上报名期间全天24小时开通报名系统。
具体报名流程为：首先考生须登录学信网，注册用户。
然后考生须在网上提交报名信息及本人近期正面免冠未经修饰的电子照片，自行填报报考信息。
有关我院各系、专业、研究方向、导师、考试科目及其相关说明，请见我院2016年博士生招生专业目录。
（二）考生通过网上报名系统的网上支付平台交纳报名费，支付成功后，获得报名号。
报名费200元。
（1）请在安全场所进行网上报名、网上支付报名费等环节，因考生自己操作失误或网上支付账号和密码泄漏造成的损失，责任由考生自负。
（2）我院报名费只采取网上支付的方式，不接收汇款单。
（3）网上支付报名费后，无论考生是否参加考试，一律不退返报名费。
（三）网上确认考生本人自行在学信网报名系统内进行网上确认报名信息。
网上确认时间：2016年2月22日-2月28日。