2024年中考英语一轮复习-动词不定式的用法及语法功能

动词不定式的用法及语法功能
不定式中所谓“不定”，是指不受主语的人称和数的变化的影响。

动词不定式的基本形式有两种，一种是带to的不定式，另一种是不带to的不定式。

动词不定式没有人称和数的变化，在句子中不能作谓语，但可以担任除谓语外的任何成分——主语，表语，定语，状语和宾语补足语。

动词不定式仍然保留动词的特点，即有自己的宾语和状语，也就是说，动词不定式和它的宾语或状语构成它自己的不定式短语。

不定式的语法功能
不定式在句子中有各种作用，不定式具有名词，形容词和副词的特征。

不定式作名词的用法
不定式在句子中的作用，有时和名词相同，在句子中担当主语，表语，宾语和宾语补足语。

不定式作主语：
常用句型 It is … to …
不定式作主语的句子通常用 It is … to+不定式的句型来代替，在句子中it 作形式主语，真正的主语式后面的动词不定式。

在这里，不定式被视为第三人称单数，所以动词要用 is (现在时) 或was (过去时)。

如以下例句所示：
It is important to learn English well.
It is dangerous to play in the street.
It is hard to say goodbye with you.
不定式作表语：
To do 不定式作表语
e.g. The best plan is to leave here. 最好的计划是离开这里。

不定式作宾语：
不定式在及物动词后作宾语，常见的及物动词有：
Ask, decide, begin, fail, continue, forget, hate, help, like, long, want, wait, manage, need, start, pretend, refuse, try, dare, agree, know, wish, afford 等
不定式作副词的用法：不定式有时起副词作用，修饰动词或形容词，在句子中相当于状语，表示目的和原因
表目的：
-不定式在不及物动词后担当状语
e.g. My mom came to see me yesterday evening.
-针对why的疑问句回答时，如果表示目的，可用不定式来代替。

e.g. Why did you go to Beijing?
To visit the Great Wall and the Summer Palace.
表原因：
不定式可以在happy, glad 等表达感情的形容词后，表示“因为……而……”
e.g. I’m happy to see you.
还有下列短语：
be happy to do… be glad to do… be sorry to do…
be foolish to do… be sad to do… be surprised to do…
be supposed to do…
不定式作形容词的用法：
-不定式有时起形容词的作用，修饰名词，代词，在句中作定语，作定语时，不定式位于所修饰的名词或代词之后。

e.g. You are the first to answer my question. 你是第一个回答我
问题的人。

-不定式修饰something, anything, nothing时，置于其后，如果something, anything, nothing 有形容词来修饰，顺序则为something（anything…）+不定式
e.g. Have you got anything to eat?
We have got something sweet to eat.
综合练习题
1.We have a lot of work ______.
A.to do
B. did
C. do
D. doing
2.As a student, the most important thing is ____ hard.
A.study
B. to study
C. studied
D. studies
3.The teacher tells us ______.
A.how to spell and write
B. to spell and write
C. to how spell
and to write D. how spell and write
4.Would you like ____ with me?
A.dance to
B. to dance
C. dance
D. dancing
5.We don’t know ______ fix the problems.
A.to how
B. how to
C. to
D. to do
6.Please tell her _____ too hard.
A.not to work
B. don’t work
C. not work
D. to not work
7.You have enough time _____ .
A.to think it over
B. to over think it
C. thinking it over
D.
thinking over it
8.It is very important for all of us ____ .
A.to finish the tasks
B. not to finish the tasks
C. finishing the
tasks D. finish the tasks
9.It’s very kind of you ____.
A.say so
B. saying so
C. to say so
D. saying not so
10.I’m hungry, please give me something _____.
A.to eat
B. eating
C. for eating
D. eat。