2022年考研考博-考博英语-南京大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷(带答案)试题号：34

2022年考研考博-考博英语-南京大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析
AB卷（带答案）
一.综合题(共15题)
1.
翻译题
据心理学家称，乐观和自信是健康的心理状态所应具备的要素。

焦虑是一种心理问题，他源自对生活中的不确定因素的内在恐惧，或者说是一种不安全感。

繁荣的市场经济中躁动的消费需求是某些人焦虑情绪产生的原因。

名车、豪宅和优越的生活被人们视为高档的标志。

但是，由于多数人难以达到这样的生活标准，有些人就会产生失落感。

然而，这种出于对金钱崇拜而产生的焦虑感并不具有代表性。

对于多数人来说，引起焦虑的重要原因是高昂的房价、教育支出和医疗费用。

人们生活在巨大的压力之下，但是低廉并且增长缓慢的工资使他们看不到脱离困境的希望。

有时似乎是机会多多，人们也会因此而产生焦虑。

【答案】Psychologists said that confidence and optimism are the important elements of a healthy state of mind. Nervousness is a mental problem and is resourced from an inner emotional insecurity over uncertain factors in life. In the prosperous market economy, restless consumption demands are the reason for the nervous emotions. Brand-name car, houses and superior life are the marks of high-end life. However, most people tend to be disappointed because they cannot reach this living standard.
Furthermore, such nervousness over money worship is not representative. For most people, the nervousness is resulted from expensive house, high education expenditure and high medical cost. People live under this tremendous pressure, and they cannot find any hopes of being lifted out of the hardship because of the low and slow-growing incomes. Sometimes there seems to be many opportunities, but people also feel anxious about this.
2.
单选题
As a （）actor, he can perform, sing, dance and play several kinds of musical instruments. 问题1选项
A.flexible
B.versatile
C.sophisticated
D.productive
【答案】B
【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。

flexible “灵活的，柔韧的”；versatile “多才多艺的”；sophisticated “世故的”；productive “高产的”。

句意：作为一个多才多艺的演员，他会表演、唱歌、跳舞，而且会演奏很多种乐器。

选项B符合题意。

3.
单选题
Hardy’s weakness（）his apparent inability to control the comings and goings of these impulses and from his unwillingness to cultivate and sustain the energetic and risky ones.
问题1选项
y in
B.gave rise to
C.shed light on
D.derived from
【答案】D
【解析】动词词组辨析。

lie in “躺在”；give rise to “引起”；shed light on “使......清楚地显出；derive from“源自”。

句意：哈代的缺点一方面源于没有能力控制好各种不同的创作冲动，另一方面源于他不愿意去培养和保持那些充满活力和冒险的想法。

选项D符合题意。

4.
单选题
Shoes of this kind are（） to slip on wet ground.
问题1选项
A.feasible
B.appropriate
C.apt
D.fitting
【答案】C
【解析】考查形容词辨析。

feasible “可行的”；appropriate “适当的，恰当的”；apt “恰当的，有……倾向的”；fitting “适合的，适宜的”。

句意：这样的鞋子在湿地上容易打滑。

选项C符合题意。

5.
单选题
Teenage children began to assert their independence and this can lead to good deal of （）in the family.
问题1选项
A.controversy
B.friction
C.restriction
D.contradiction
【答案】B
【解析】名词词义解析。

controversy “辩论”；friction “摩擦”；restriction “，约束”；contradiction “矛盾，不一致”。

句意：青少年开始宣称他们的独立，这样会在家庭中带来大量的摩擦。

选项B符合题意。

6.
单选题
What percentage of the population in a modem technological society is, like myself, in the fortunate position of being workers? At a guess I would say sixteen per cent, and I do not think that figure is likely to get bigger in the future.
Technology and the division of labor have done two things： by eliminating in many fields the need for special strength or skill, they have made a very large number of paid occupations which formerly were enjoyable work into boring labor, and by increasing productivity they have reduced the number of necessary laboring hours. It is already possible to imagine a society in which the majority of the population, that is to say, its laborers, will have almost as much leisure as in earlier times was enjoyed by the aristocracy. When one recalls how aristocracies in the past actually behaved, the prospect is not cheerful. Indeed, the problem of dealing with boredom may be even more difficult for such a future mass society than it was for aristocracies. The latter, for example, ritualized their time; there was a season to shoot grouse, a season to spend in town, etc. The masses are more likely to replace an unchanging ritual by fashion which changes as often as possible in the economic interest of certain people. Again, the masses cannot go in for hunting, for very soon there would be no animals left to hunt. For other aristocratic amusements like gambling, dueling, and warfare, it may be only too easy to find equivalents in dangerous driving, drug-taking, and senseless acts of violence. Workers seldom commit acts of violence, because they can put their aggression into their work, be it physical like the work of a smith, or mental like the work of a scientist or an artist. The role of aggression in mental work is aptly expressed by the phrase “getting one’s teeth into a problem”.
1.According to the passage, the writer believes the majority of the population（）
2.According to the passage, technology and division of labour have done all of the following EXCEPT（）
3.What can be inferred from the passage about special strength and skill?
4.According to the passage aristocracy dealt with boredom by（）
5.Which of the following is one of the amusements of the masses?
问题1选项
A.are unhappy with what they do.
B.will get bigger in their number in the future.
C.agree with him on his classification.
D.are in the fortunate position of being workers.
问题2选项
A.increasing the joy of the paid occupations.
B.making skill and special strength unnecessary in work.
C.causing jobs to be dull labour.
D.decreasing working hours
问题3选项
A.Special strength and skill must be abandoned if people want to enjoy their work.
B.Special strength and skill are necessary for people to find their work enjoyable.
C.Special strength or skill causes work to be boring
D.Special strength or skill reduces the number of necessary labouring hours.
问题4选项
A.enjoying more leisure.
B.working with labourers.
C.demanding difficult work for the masses.
D.ritualizing their time.
问题5选项
A.Hunting
B.Gambling
C.Foolish acts of violence
D.Doing scientific research 【答案】第1题:A
第2题:A
第3题:B
第4题:D
第5题:C
【解析】1.信息推断题。

根据文章内容，作者在首段提出讨论点：有多少人会和自己一样对于成为一名工人而感到幸运。

然而，在第二段就给出了答案，大多数人并不是快乐的。

“which formerly were enjoyable work into boring labor,”，这句表明从前愉快的工作变成了一种无聊的劳动，对于工人来说，解决无聊的问题也是很困难的。

选项A符合题意。

2.细节理解题。

根据文章第二段，劳动技术的分工所做的工作包括消除特殊技能在工作中的使用、把过去愉快的工作变成无聊的劳动、缩短工作时间。

所以选项A并未提及，选项A符合题意。

3.信息推断题。

根据文章第二段第一句，“by eliminating in many fields the need for special strength or skill…formerly were enjoyable work into boring labor…”，通过消除特殊技能和力量使工作变得厌倦无聊，反过来说，需要特殊技能的工作可以使工人变得愉快。

选项B符合题意。

4.细节理解题。

根据文章第二段，“The latter, for example, ritualized their time; there was a season to shoot grouse, a season to spend in town, etc. 前者提到了社会大众，后者提到贵族来形成对比，选项D符合题意。

5.细节理解题。

“the masses cannot go in for hunting, for very soon there would be no animals left to hunt…driving, drug-taking, and senseless acts of violence.”根据第三段这句话可知，可以在危险驾驶、吸毒和暴力行为中找到和贵族类似的娱乐方式。

选项C符合题意。

7.
单选题
If you （） the principle of democratic government to your family you will run into some obvious difficulties.
问题1选项
A.carry
B.track
C.manipulate
D.adapt
【答案】D
【解析】动词词义辨析。

Carry“拿，搬运”；track“跟踪，追踪”；manipulate“操纵，控制”；adapt“使适应”。

句意：如果你使民主政府的原则适用于家庭中，那你会遇到各种明显的困难。

选项D符合题意。

8.
单选题
Without exposure to the cultural, intellectual, and moral traditions that are our heritage, we are excluded from a common world that （1 ） generations. On the one hand, such exclusion tends to（2 ）us to recreate everything, a needless and largely impossible task; On the other hand, it tends to make us（3）, to suggest that we are indeed the creators of the world and of all good ideas （4） in fact we are only a fragment of the history of man. （5）entirely to ourselves, we could make only the slimmest contributions to wisdom.
While the humanities overlap the fine and liberal arts, they are also related of necessity to the sciences and to technology. Some of the （6）of the humanities raise questions about what ends are worthy to be（7）, what ideals deserve （8）But since it is futile to know what is worth doing without having any idea of how to get things done, effective study in the humanities requires respect for and attainment of factual knowledge and technological skill. （9）, it is pointless to know how to get things done without having any idea what is worth doing, so that informed study in applied science demands （10） in the humanities.
问题1选项
A.crossed
B.passes down
C.survives
D.exists
问题2选项
A.warn
B.facilitate
pel
D.encourage
问题3选项
A.arrogant
B.exhausted
C.productive
D.reliable
问题4选项
A.since
B.when
C.whereas
D.which
问题5选项
A.Provided
B.Left
C.Reserved
D.Kept
问题6选项
A.arenas
munities
C.subjects
D.disciplines
问题7选项
A.followed
B.investigated
C.served
D.abandoned
问题8选项
A.identification
B.maintenance
C.reverence
D.endeavor
问题9选项
A.Similarly
B.Contrarily
C.Virtually
D.Literally
问题10选项A.concentration
B.presupposition
C.revelation
D.reflection
【答案】第1题:B
第2题:C
第3题:A
第4题:C
第5题:D
第6题:B
第7题:A
第8题:C
第9题:B
第10题:A
【解析】（1）词义辨析。

cross “穿过，交叉”；pass down “使流传”；survive “生存，幸存”；exist “存在”。

根据文意，如果我们不接触到流传的文化和传统，我们将会排除在流传给下一代的大同世界之外。

选项B符合题意。

（2）动词词义辨析。

warm “警告”；facilitate “促进，帮助”；compel “强迫，迫使”；encourage “鼓励”。

根据文意，这种排斥倾向于促使我们重塑所有，这是一项不必要并且不可能完成的任务。

选项C符合题意。

（3）形容词词义辨析。

根据文意，另一方面会使我们感到自大，认为我们是世界的创造者，选项A符合题意。

（4）逻辑推理。

前一句说道我们是世界和优秀思想的创造者，后一句提到我们实际上只是历史中的一个小碎片。

前后形成了对比和转折。

选项C符合题意。

（5）动词词义辨析。

provide “提供，装备”；leave “留下”；reserve “保存”；keep “保留”。

句意：如果完全只有我们自己的话，那我们对智慧的贡献是相当微薄的。

所以用keep sth. to oneself 的结构，选项D符合题意。

（6）名词词义辨析。

arena “舞台，竞技场”；community“社区，共同体”；subject“主题，学科”；discipline“纪律”。

句意：人文科学的一些社区团体提出了一些问题。

选项B符合题意。

（7）动词词义辨析。

Followed“追逐，追求”；investigate“调查”；ser ve“招待”；abandon“丢弃，抛弃”。

根据文意，这些社团提出的问题是，哪些目标是值得追随的。

选项A符合题意。

（8）名词词义辨析。

identification“鉴定，识别”；maintenance“维持，维护”；reverence“崇敬，尊严”；endeavor“努力”。

根据文意，问题是什么样的理想值得人们去尊重。

选项C符合题意。

（9）逻辑推理。

考查对上下文相关语句关系的把握，区分表示联系的副词。

similarly“相似地”；contrarily“反之”；virtually“实际上”；litera lly “照字面地，不夸张地”。

根据文意，确实地。

前一句提到只知道什么事情是值得做的，但是不知道具体方法是无用的，空格后一句提到只知道如何把事情做好，而不知道什么事情是值得做的也是没意义的。

所以前后两句是相反的。

选项B符合题意。

（10）名词词义辨析。

concentration“专心，专注”；presupposition“假定，预设”；revelation“揭露”；reflection“反映，沉思”。

句意：在对应用科学进行研究时，也需要对人文科学投以关注。

选项A符合题意。

9.
翻译题
1.科学家是一小群努力洞悉自然,在表面的杂乱无序中寻求规律的人,他们具有特殊的能力进行思考与分析,具有无限的耐心进行观察与收集数据。

2.当时我们所面临的最关键的问题是熟练劳动力的缺乏,用以培训这种劳动力的大学师资不足,以及我们的大学中由于用于教育和科研的师资和现代化设备短缺造成的研究能力衰退。

3.科学是讲求实际的。

科学是老老实实的学问,来不得半点虚假,需要付出艰巨的劳动。

同时,科学也需要创造,需要幻想,有幻想才能打破传统的束缚,才能发展科学。

4.如果你着手干一番事业而失败了,不要丧失信心。

“我失败了三次”与“我是一个失败者”之间有着天壤之别。

只要你对自己不持否定的想法,不把自己与失败等同起来,而是试图从失败中吸取教训,你很可能在未来取得成功。

【答案】1. Scientists are a group of people who possess special abilities to think and analyze things and have endless patience in observing and data collecting. They all try to discern the nature and find out regulations through the disorderly appearance.
2. The most vital problems we faced with at that time were the shortage of laborers, the lack of university teachers in the training of those laborers, and the decline in the researching capability caused by the lack of university teachers and modern equipment used for education and technology research.
3. Science always focuses on realities. It needs the conscientious requirement for knowledge and permits of no false. Meanwhile, it invol ves people’s creation and imagination. And imagination can break the limitation of traditions and develop the science constantly.
4. Don’t be disappointed if you fail in the career you have done. The word “I have experienced failure for three times” is absolutely different from the word “I am a loser”. As long as you don’t deny yourself, do not identify yourself with the failure, and try to learn something from your failure, you will be likely to succeed in the future.
10.
单选题
Grain production in the world is （）, but still millions go hungry.
问题1选项A.staggering
B.shrinking
C.soaring
D.suspending
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。

stagger “蹒跚，使交错”；shrink “收缩”；suspend“延缓，推迟”，soar “高涨”。

句意：世界的粮食产量正在上涨，但是成百万人仍在挨饿。

选项C符合题意。

11.
单选题
Although this theory was never rigidly disproved, the doctrine was generally abandoned（）the opposing view.
问题1选项
A.in favor of
B.in place of
C.instead of
D.in terms of
【答案】A
【解析】介词词组辨析。

in favor of “赞同，支持”；in place of “代替”；instead of “代替，而不是……”；in te rms of “在……方面”。

句意：尽管这一理论没有被严格地被反驳过，但是教条会被抛弃，而转向它的对立面。

选项A符合题意。

12.
单选题
Always since the creation of celluloid, plastics have been found to have a multitude of industrial and com mercial uses.
问题1选项
A.Always
B.plastics
C.to have
D.a multitude of
【答案】A
【解析】根据题意，A选项句首应该为ever since“自从”，句意：自从发明了电影胶片，人们发现塑料有很多商业和工业的用途。

选项A符合题意。

13.
单选题
Fossils of plant that have been extinct for fifty million years have been found in large deposits of amber near the Baltic Sea.
问题1选项
A.plant
B.been extinct
C.fifty million year
D.near
【答案】A
【解析】根据题中的“have been” 可知，plant应该用复数，句意：已经灭绝了五千万年的化石植物在靠近波罗的海的大型湖泊沉积物中发现了。

选项A符合题意。

14.
翻译题
在中国人的心目中，似乎没有一部书可以与《红楼梦》比肩，它既可以拥有亿万的读者,也带有众多的谜团。

它是中国古典小说的巅峰之作，有一般文化的人都可以读懂它，但是即便很有学问的人也不敢说尽解某奥妙……也正因为如此，近一百多年来，它被翻译成多种文字，在国外赢得越来越多的读者，为传播中国文化起到了积极的作用。

【答案】As for Chinese people, “A Dream of Red Mansions” is the greatest book that no book can compare with and hundreds of millions of people like to read. And there are also many mysteries in this book. It represents the pinnacle of Chinese classical novels and people who are half educated can read and understand it. But some learned people don’t dare to explain subtleties contained in it…Thus, it has been translated into various languages for about 100 years and accepted more and more foreign readers, which plays an active role in spreading Chinese culture.
15.
单选题
His（）directions confused us； we did not know which of the two roads to take.
问题1选项
A.ambiguous
plicated
C.arbitrary
D.intricate
【答案】A
【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。

ambiguous “模糊不清的”；complicated “复杂的”；arbitrary “任意的，武断的，专制的” ；intricate “复杂的，错综的”。

他模糊不清的指导使我们困惑，我们不知
道该走哪条路。

选项A符合题意。