高中英语外研版必修第二册Unit6EarthFirstStartingout课后练习、课时练习

一、根据首字母填写单词(单词拼写)
1. As the impact of human activities continues to grow, the list of species in danger
of e________ becomes longer. (根据首字母单词拼写)
2. F__________, the rain stopped before we started. (根据首字母单词拼写)
3. F________, his family escaped to a nearby city shortly before the local bridge closed. (根据首字母单词拼写)
二、根据汉语意思填写单词(单词拼写)
4. Her hands were folded in an __________ (态度，看法) of prayer. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
5. The plant is now in danger of ______(灭绝，绝种), so we must take measures to protect it. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
6. Sometimes loud noises like these will ________(惊吓) bears off. （根据汉语提示单
词拼写）
三、根据中英文提示填写单词(单词拼写)
7. F____________, we were rescued. (幸运地) (根据中英文提示单词拼写)
8. If you want to pass your exams, you'd better change your a______! (n. the way that you think and feel about somebody /something) (根据首字母单词拼写)
四、完成句子
9. 如果你人生态度不积极，你就体验不到人生的美好。

(passive)
If you _________, it’s impossible for you to experience the beauty of it.
10. 半夜发生了火灾，幸运的是很快就被扑灭了。

A fire ___________________ at midnight, but ________________, it was soon put out.
五、根据所给汉语提示填空
11. D________(由于) the heavy rain, some streets were flooded. (根据中英文单词拼写)
12. I figure that______________________（消极的态度）is one aspect that affects learning. (根据汉语提示完成句子)
13. ________ ________ (多亏了) doctors, we can still live a peaceful life in the spread of the COVID-19. （根据汉语提示完成句子）
六、句型转换
14. An increasing number of species have died out on our planet because of global warming. (同义句转换)
An increasing number of species have died out on our planet ________ ________ global warming.
七、汉译英（单词/短语）(翻译)
15. 汉译英
1. 有影响______________
2. 老话；俗话______________
3. 拯救猎豹免受灭绝的威胁______________
4. 购买定位颈圈______________
5. 一个野生动物保护组织______________
6. 建立数据库______________
7. 搜寻志愿者机会______________
8. 动物收容所______________
9. 了解……问题______________
10. 组织游行______________
八、汉译英（整句）(翻译)
16. 由于通信网络的快速发展，智能手机用户数量近年来以惊人速度增长，这极大地改变了人们的阅读方式。

（increase）（汉译英）
17. 他总是竭尽所能去实现自己预期的学习目标。

(push) (汉译英)
18. 追求稳定并不是什么坏事，很多时候这样的态度在促使我们提升自我、挑战难度、攀登高峰。

(when) （汉译英）
九、完形填空
19. It was a mid April－a time when the planet Earth turns under the hot rays of the Sun. There was a large desert in Africa with no trace of _______ except a little rose. There was not a bird or a tree in _______ . The sand dunes(沙丘) became piles of burning coal as the days _______ . But the little rose _______ the cruelty of the Sun. The Sun was very _______ to have seen the rose’s ability to _________ such unfavorable conditions.
One afternoon, the Sun said to the little _______ , “Dear Rose! I am the supreme power in this universe. I have the _______ to give and take life. Thousands of living things
_______ every day, as they are not able to bear with my heat. But, you have been weathering even my hottest rays ________ any complaint. May I know the source that gave you this great ________ ?”
“Oh, mighty Sun,” the little rose said ________ , “I don’t know much about this desert. But it appears ________ and there seems to be no one else in the whole world my eye could stretch. I began to feel ________ for the loneliness of this desert and ________ to help it as possible as I could. And in this process, I never ________ anything that causes pain to me. My whole ________ has been to be a good friend to this desert and ________ its loneliness.”
________ by the little rose’s care for the large desert, the Sun offered a(n)________－millions of other roses filled the desert with their sweet smells and thus turned the entire stretch into a great oasis of life.
1.
A．history B．human C．life D．death
2.
A．silence B．sight C．turn D．trouble
3.
A．passed by B．set down C．came up D．got through
4.
A．stood B．avoided C．conquered D．disliked
5.
A．pleased B．surprised C．disappointed D．frightened
6.
A．change B．follow C．improve D．survive
7.
A．child B．friend C．flower D．animal
8.
A．power B．chance C．duty D．right
9.
A．grow B．die C．stop D．live
10.
A．with B．over C．through D．without
11.
A．failure B．force C．strength D．success
12.
A．gently B．proudly C．fluently D．rudely
13.
A．small B．far C．thick D．large
14.
A．sorry B．lucky C．happy D．angry
15.
A．refused B．decided C．agreed D．accepted
16.
A．experienced B．collected C．solved D．forgot
17.
A．courage B．bravery C．kindness D．concern
18.
A．play jokes on B．think highly of C．get rid of D．pay attention to
19.
A．Attracted B．Touched C．Injured D．Educated
20.
A．expense B．salary C．praise D．reward
十、阅读选择(阅读理解)
20. When going on holiday, you normally expect nothing but to relax, enjoy yourselves and above all stay safe. Sometimes, you may sadly have to face certain unexpected problems that would end your sweet holidays without any warning, such as a typhoon or an earthquake. But holidaymakers at the Red Sea resort in Egypt are facing a different problem, which you may have never thought of before.
The resort is famous for its golden beaches, warm sea and nice weather, and it is an excellent place for scuba diving(带水肺潜水). But at the moment, no tourists are willing to take the risk of diving into the water due to the recent shark attacks. These attacks have caused one death and several injuries over the last few weeks.
According to some biologists, these sharks live in the open ocean, and are frequently seen in the ocean of this region. But as they have pointed out, it was not common for swimmers to run into them in shallow waters.
Experts are still not sure what has lured the sharks into these waters and to attack people. However, they all believe that shark attacks are extremely rare and they are definitely not man-eaters as shown in films like Jaws. One thought is that animal carcasses(尸体) were recently thrown into the sea from a ship close to the shore. Some experts believe that it could just be a case of people being in the wrong place at the wrong time.
A shark attack might make you think twice before stepping into the sea, but things may not be as severe as you've thought. According to recent research, there are about 70 to 100 attacks on humans per year, and only a small number of them are fatal.
Mark Williams runs a scuba diving company at the resort, and he is concerned about how the local authorities will deal with these sharks. ''Tens of millions of sharks have been hunted and killed by humans every year!'' Mark points out. ''They are an essential part of the marine(海洋的) ecosystem.''
1. We can learn from the passage that_______.
A．over the last few weeks only one person has been injured in the shark attacks. B．sharks frequently visit this region and swimmers often meet them in shallow waters.
C．experts think that sharks rarely attack people as shown in the film Jaws. D．experts know for sure why sharks attack people.
2. Which of the following CANNOT replace the underlined word"lured"in paragraph 4?
A．Drawn B．Attracted C．Forced D．Tempted
3. Mark Williams believes_______.
A．the animals' dead bodies thrown into the sea have lured sharks
B．humans do more harm to sharks than sharks do to humans
C．sharks attack people completely by accident
D．shark attacks are not as dangerous as people have imagined
文章大意：这是一篇说明文。

主要介绍了阿尔伯塔大学的一项新研究发现，强大的社会网络对树木也是有好处的，森林土壤中的真菌网络给树木的生长提供了有利的条件。

21. Being highly connected to a strong social network has its benefits. Now a new study is showing the same goes for trees, thanks to their underground neighbors. The study is the first to show that the growth of adult trees is linked to their participation in fungal networks living in the forest soil. Though past research has focused on young trees, these findings give new insight into the significance of fungal networks to older trees — which are more environmentally beneficial for functions like capturing carbon.
“Large trees make up the main part of the forest, so they dri ve what the forest is doing,” said researcher Joseph Birch, who led the study. When they live in the forest soil, fungal networks act as a sort of highway, allowing water, nutrients and compounds to flow back and forth among the trees. The network also helps nutrients flow to resource - limited trees like family units that support one another in times of stress.
Cores taken from 350 Douglas firs (花旗松) showed that annual tree ring growth was related to the extent of fungal connections a tree had with other trees. They had much higher growth than those that had only a few connections. The research also showed that trees with more connections to many unique fungi had much greater growth than those with only one or two connections. “If you have this network that is helping trees grow faster, that helps capture more carbon year after year. These networks may help trees grow more steadily even as conditions become more stressful, and could even help protect them against death.” said Birch.
Birch hopes his findings lead to further studies in different kinds of forests in other geographical areas, because it's likely that the connections among trees change from year to year. He said, “Knowing whether fungal networks are operating the same way in other tree species could factor into how we reforest areas after harvesting them, and it could inform how we want to plant trees to preserve these networks.”
1. In what way do the new findings differ from the previous ones?
A．They confirm the benefits of fungal networks. B．They demonstrate a new way to capture carbon.
C．They clarify misunderstanding of fungal networks. D．They reveal the value of fungal networks to adult trees.
2. How do fungal networks help trees?
A．By fighting against diseases. B．By bettering forest soil conditions.
C．By acting as the center of family units. D．By maintaining the balance of resources.
3. What does the underlined “They” refer to in Paragraph 3?
A．Tree rings. B．Fungal
networks.
C．Douglas
firs.
D．Cores from Douglas
firs.
4. Which field will most benefit from the study according to the text? A．Geography. B．Agriculture. C．Reforestation. D．Microbiology.
文章大意：这是一篇说明文。

主要介绍了海洋噪音给海洋生物带来的危害。

22. Noise pollution is one of the serious yet least recognized health threats of our time. Noise increases risks of heart disease, cognitive damage and developmental delays. Now, scientists are revealing that non-humans, too, suffer from noise pollution and that they are far more sensitive than humans. Also, marine animals see and sense the world through sound, which travels farther underwater than light. But scientists are now revealing that a vast range of marine creatures are extremely sensitive to sound. The range of negative effects cause by marine noise pollution is astonishing: delayed development, slow growth, etc.
Aquatic (水生的) plants are highly sensitive to sound. Take marine seagrass for example, just like forests on land, seagrass is a carbon sink (碳汇), contributing to stabilizing our global climate. In the past few decades, seagrass meadows the size of the Amazon have vanished. Climate change, pollution, boat anchors and the building of seawalls and harbors are all likely factors. As researchers at the Technical University of Catalonia have recently discovered, we can now add noise pollution to this list of threats. When the scientists exposed a sample of Mediterranean seagrass to powerful blast-level sound, the seagrass was severely damaged. Their sensitive hearing is an advantage in the dark depths of the ocean, but it makes aquatic organisms very vulnerable. Loud underwater sounds can damage or destroy their hearing ability. These effects occur at much lower intensities (强度) of sound than are known to be damaging to animals on land.
These findings stress the vast threat that marine noise pollution poses to our oceans. As offshore operations — from seabed mining to oil and gas and renewable energy construction — are increasing, little thought has been given to noise pollution. While exposure limitation levels haven’t yet been determined, it is clear that this emerging science will lead to new restrictions on the permitting and operations of marine industrial and shipping activities.
1. What’s the m ain idea of paragraph 1?
A．Noise pollution is the most serious pollution.
B．Noise pollution hardly influences marine creatures.
C．Noise pollution is regarded as the cause of diseases.
D．Noise pollution harms humans and marine creatures.
2. What is the function of marine seagrass?
A．It has high sensitivity to light. B．It can keep global climate stable.
C．It can adjust aquatic organisms. D．It has weak hearing ability.
3. Aquatic plants’ hearing ability is easily damaged because________.
A．aquatic plants grow rather
slowly
B．humans have developed oceans quickly
C．there is lacking in light in the deep ocean D．it’s sensitive to the intensities of underwater sounds
4. What can be inferred from the text?
A．Marine noise pollution will probably be improved.
B．The restrictions on marine noise has been operated.
C．Ocean transportation and fishery will be forbidden.
D．The ocean will be sharply threatened by noise pollution.
十一、七选五(阅读理解)
文章大意：本文是一篇说明文。

文章介绍了园艺中令人烦恼的杂草问题，提出可以用自然的方法替代除草剂来除草。

23. Gardens are some of the most beautiful places on earth. The sad reality of gardening is that weeds compete with the plants you want and take away from their beauty. 1 Most people try to find a quick and easy solution to the problem of weeds by using chemical weed killers, known as herbicides. Sometimes, though, a solution can cause even bigger problems.
Actually using chemical herbicides can have quite a few unintended consequences. 2 They effectively kill weeds, but they can also kill other desirable plants and species. Not only that, but herbicides pose significant health risks to humans. And did you know that repeated use of herbicides can make weeds resistant to their effects? 3
After weeds have already invaded your flower bed or garden, you obviously have to find a way to handle them. There are two basic methods of removing weeds: physical removal and mechanical removal. Physical removal — when using this method you are literally destroying the weeds by putting them out of the ground. 4 This method is generally very effective, but it takes effort. Mechanical removal — this method, which uses a weed eater or a lawnmower, mows weeds down to the ground. It doesn’t take ou t the roots, though, so the weeds will grow back. 5 With this method, it not only beatifies the garden but also saves you much effort.
By using some of these natural methods, you can keep your garden looking superb without using dangerous herbicides that could damage your health and the environment.
A．But herbicides use isn’t the only way to get rid of weeds.
B．Then, place garden plants close together to crowd out the weeds.
C．You can pull out the weeds by hand or take them out with a shovel.
D．As you might imagine, these chemicals poison the environment.
E．Here are some solutions to keeping weeds from invading your garden in the first place.
F．As for preventing weeds, covering the ground with landscapes fabrics may be a good way.
G．As a result, weed control seems to be a never-ending part of sustaining the beauty of a garden.
十二、用单词的适当形式完成短文(语法填空)
文章大意：这是一篇记叙文。

文章主要讲的是在科学课上我们研究了植物的感官。

不同于人类的五大感官，动物只有一两种，有些植物能感知到叶子上的昆虫，捕食或释放一种气味杀死昆虫。

24. 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

In today’s Science class, we learnt that human beings have five senses. Our teacher, Mr. Smith, asked us to find out 1 plants have senses, too. After some research, I found that, 2 (like) human, plants have only one or two senses.
Some plants can see the light from the sun, and grow towards 3 . What
is 4 (amaze) is that plants 5 like eating small insects can sense the soft touches of the insects on their leaves. After they sense the insects, they move their 6 (leaf) all of a sudden to catch them. It has also been discovered that some plants can feel whether the animals around them want to hurt them or not. No one really knows how the plants can do this. The results of a recent experiment 7 (carry) out by some Italian and German scientists are amazing.
It 8 (observe) that when some plants sense dangerous insects, they give 9 a kind of smell for protection—the smell can attract other insects in the distance which can kill the dangerous ones.
I never 10 (know) plants were so clever.。