2020中考重点核心词汇详解(真题版)-J和K字部

2020 中考重点核心词汇详解（真题版）-J和K字部
1.jacket
n. 短上衣；茄克（衫）
用法小结
life jacket 救生衣
(中考例句)（2019，徐州词语运用）The other day, I was in a cafe and I left the jacket on the back of my chair.
2.January
n.一月；元月
复数Januaries
In January
(中考例句)（2019，河北阅读）The “Exercise Month”will take place from 15 December to 15 January.
3.jeans
n.牛仔裤；斜纹布裤
短语：1.a pair of jeans 一条牛仔裤
4.job
n.工作；任务[ 过去式jobbed 过去分词jobbed 现在分词jobbing ]用法小结
adj. jobless 失业的，无业的；（关于）失业者的
重点词组
good job 好运；幸运的事情；干的不错
on the job 在工作；在忙著
do a good job 干得好；好好干
job description 工作说明
job market 就业市场；工作市场；求职广场
get a job 工作，就业
part-time job 兼职
词组辨析work, task, job
work 最普通用词，含义广，指人们日常生活和工作中所从事的有目的的体力或脑力劳动。

task 通常指分派给的任务，也指自愿的工作，但往往是艰巨或令人厌烦的工作。

job 多用于口语，侧重指受雇用的，以谋生为目的工作，不论有无技术，也不管是零工或散工。

(中考例句)（2019，常州阅读）Premier Li Kegiang said the government should speed up the development of modern vocational education to meet the need for skilled workers and technicians (技术人员) in the job market.
5.join
v. 结合；加入；
用法小结
短语：1.join A to B 连结。

2.join sb. 在一起，会面或相见。

e.g.Ask him to join us for lunch. 请他和我们一起吃午饭。

3.join sth. 参加（某组织）
e.g. He joined the Party last year. 他去年入的党。

近义词辨析：attend, join, take part in
attend 是指出席或参加会议、聚会、讲座等；
join是加入到某一组织、团体或人群中去，并成为其中的一员；take part in 是参加到某项活动中。

(中考例句)（2019，苏州阅读）If you really want to do more sport, you can join a club.
6.joke n. 笑话；笑料；v. 开玩笑.
用法小结
make a joke 开玩笑，讲笑话
play a joke on 开某人玩笑
e.g.It’s impolite to play a joke on others. 开别人玩笑是不礼貌的。

(中考例句)（2019，南京）In addition, it is highly possible that other students may make jokes about those who sleep in class
7.joy n. 欢欣；高兴
用法小结
adj. joyful 欢喜的；令人高兴的
joyless 不高兴的，不快乐的
重点词组
with joy 高兴地
tears of joy 高兴的泪水，喜极而泣
(中考例句)（2019，常州阅读）You cannot experience the joy and excitement of reading the original (原来的) text of yourself.
8.jump v.跳跃；跳动
用法小结
jump in v. 投入
jump out 跳出
jump over v. 跳过
jump on 跳上；扑向；责备
jump into 跳入；跳进……
long jump 跳远
jump out of 跳出；跳出来
词组辨析
skip, hop, spring, bound, leap, jump
这组词都有“跳，跳跃”的意思，其区别是：
skip 指两脚交替轻地跳或跨的动作。

hop 指单脚短跳或双足猛力的动作。

也指小鸟、青蛙等的跳。

spring 更强调有力和弹跳的运动。

bound 多指向前向上或向下跳跃、奔跳。

leap 常可与jump换用，但侧重身体猛力向上升起并朝前急冲的动作，有时含突然的意味。

jump 是普通用词，指用双脚向上跳，向下跳，或在同一平面上跳到有一定距离的某一点上，或跳过。

(中考例句)（2019，徐州阅读）I jump from spaceships and as I fall, I turn, dive, circle and dance until I softly land as close as I can to the finishing line.
9.just adj. & adv正义的；公平的.
adj. justified 有正当理由的；合乎情理的；事出有因的
n. justness 公正；正确，精确
用法小结
just like 就像，正如
just as 正象
just so 正是如此
just now 现在，刚才
(中考例句)（2019，苏州阅读）But I don't like drinking fish milkshakes - they are just terrible!
10.Journey n.旅行
用法小结
on the journey 在旅程中
return journey 回程；往返旅行
go on a journey 去旅行
词语辨析voyage, journey, trip, travel
voyage 指海上航行
journey 指稍长的旅途,
trip 指短期的旅途, a three-day trip
travel 是最常用的,
(中考例句)（2019，常州阅读）The journey and the destination are equally
important in our reading.
K字部
1.keep (kept, kept) v. 保存；留有；
用法小结
短语：（1）. keep on doing something一直做某事。

（2). keep out 不许进入，抵挡在外。

（3）.keep away from 不靠近
（4）.keep a secret 保守秘密
（5）.keep a diary 记日记
（6）.keep+adj. 保持某种状态
（7）. keep+n. 保存，保管.
(8). keep off 勿踏; 勿踩
词语辨析：1.keep doing sth. / keep on doing sth.
keep doing sth. 是“继续不停地做某事”
e.g. They keep working on the problem till 2 o’clock this morning. 他们就这个问题一直工作到今天凌晨两点钟。

keep on doing sth. 意思是“继续反复做某事”，on 用来强调动作的反复、持久，有时可以和keep doing sth.互换。

e.g. In the following years, Marx kept on studying English and using it. 此后的几年里，马克思继续学习和应用英语。

2.borrow / keep
borrow属暂短性动词，其动作不能延续，不能和表示时间段的状语连用；而keep可以跟时间段连用。

e.g.You can keep the book for three days.
这本书你可以借三天。

He borrowed the book three days ago.
他是三天前借的这本书。

(中考例句)（2019，常州阅读）we are given just so much food as will keep the breath in our bodies
2.key n. 钥匙adj. 关键的，主要的
用法小结
the key to ....的关键是
keyboard n.键盘
(中考例句)（2019，济南）Mark, Jason's roommate, gave us the key to their apartment.
3.kill
用法小结
vt. 杀死；扼杀；使终止；抵消
n. 杀戮；屠杀
adj. 致命的；致死的
[ 过去式killed 过去分词killed 现在分词killing 第三人称单数kills ]
kill oneself 自杀；竭尽全力；尽最大努力
kill off 消灭
(中考例句)（2019，无锡阅读）The disease spread very quickly and killed thousands of people in Ireland.
4.kind
n. 种类；性质
adj. 和蔼的；宽容的；令人感激的
用法小结
adj. kindly 亲切的；和蔼的；体贴的；爽快的
many kinds of 各种各样的
It’s kind of you.你太善良了。

(中考例句)(2019，徐州阅读)“So many kinds of green,”he said to her after watering all the plants.
5.knock
v. & n.敲；打
短语：1. knock into 碰撞
2. knock down 撞倒
3. knock at (on) the door 敲门
4. a knock at (on) the door 敲门
6.know(knew, known)
v学会，懂得.知道，了解；
重点短语：1. be known for 因……而出名。

2. be known as 作为……而出名。

3.know about 了解或知道某事物
4.let sb. know 让某人知道某事物
5.make oneself known to 对……作自我介绍
词义辨析：know / know of
know 的意思是“知道、认识、熟悉”
e.g. I know his father very well. 我跟他的父亲非常熟悉。

know of 的意思是“知道情况、听说过”
e.g. I know of him, but I don’t know him.
我听说过他，但是我不认识他。

(中考例句)（2019，徐州知识运用）If you don’t know the name of the plant, please write “____”( know) in your notebook.（unknown）
7.knowledge
n. 知识，学问；知道，认识；学科
adj. knowledgeable 知识渊博的，有知识的；有见识的；聪明的
重点短语
knowledge of 知识
basic knowledge基础知识
professional knowledge 专业知识；专门知识
general knowledge 常识；各方面的知识
(中考例句)（2019，北京阅读）The main aim of this activity is to improve our school members’knowledge about the importance of exercise.。