高中英语Unit1Greatscientists课时作业(八)新人教版必修5

Great scientists 课时作业
我夯基我达标
I.根据句意和单词首字母或括号内汉语，写出单词的正确形式
1.What are the__________ (特征，特性)of the medicine？
2.The scientists are doing s research on the rats.
3.Examine the results carefully，and you will make a c .
4.He was (被战胜)at chess last night.
5.The babies are well a to in the nursery.
6.It’s very dangerous to be e to SARS patients without any protection.
7.The teacher gave me v advice on how to learn English well.
8.Who is to b for the accident？
9.I recognized her i I saw her.
10.Everyone should c what he or she can afford to helping the poor.
答案：1.characteristics 2.scientific 3.conclusion 4.defeated 5.attended 6.exposed 7.valuable8.blame 9.immediately 10.contribute
Ⅱ.单项选择
1.Don’t use words，expressions，or phrases________only to people with specific knowledge.
A. being known
B. having been known
C. to be known
D. known
1.答案:D
提示:句意为:“不要用那些只有专业人士才认识的单词、词组或短语。

” words，expressions，or phrases应是被知道，因此，应用过去分词known作后置定语表被动。

2. It is believed that if a book is，________it will surely________the reader.
A. interested；interest
B. interesting；be interested
C. interested；be interesting
D. interesting；interest
2.答案:D
提示:第一空表“有趣的”，作表语，说明主语的性质特点，应填形容词interesting；第二空缺谓语，应填动词interest。

3.—When did he leave the classroom？
—He left_______you turned back to write on the blackboard.
A. for the moment
B. on the moment
C. the moment
D. before
3.答案:C
提示:the moment此处用作从属连词，相当于as soon as:“一……就”。

4.As we joined the big crowd，I got_______from my friends.
A. separated
B. spared
C. lost
D. missed
4.答案:A
提示:从句子的意思可知，“由于人多，我和我的朋友被分开了”，而不是丢失了。

一些考生由于对get lost短语比较熟悉，而作出了错误的选择。

get lost的意思是“迷路”，由
于人多而迷路，显然与实际情况不符，且题干中有from一词，很显然考查的是:separate...from这一结构，所以答案应选separated。

5._______ be sent to work there？
A. Who do you suggest
B. Who do you suggest that should
C. Do you suggest who should
D. Do you suggest whom should
5.答案:A
提示:句中的do you suggest用作插入语，且suggest作“建议”解时其后的宾语从句必须用虚拟语气。

此用法中should往往省略。

6. The girl is similar________her mother in character.
A. in
B. with
C. to
D. on
6.答案:C
提示:be similar to是固定短语，意为“与……相似”。

该句意为“这个女孩性格上跟她妈妈相似”。

7. Only in this way_______our goals.
A. we can reach
B. can we arrive
C. we can arrive
D. can we reach
7.答案:D
提示:only放在句首，句子要倒装；reach one's goals意为“达到目标”。

8.Meeting my uncle after all these years was an unforgettable moment，______I will always treasure.
A. that
B. one
C. it
D. what
8.答案:B
提示:one代指上句中的moment。

9.There are many things which have to________ before we finally make up our minds.
A. be thought
B. be thought of
C. think about
D. think of
9.答案:B
提示:在主句中，没有人物，所以修饰things的定语从句应用被动语态；C、D两项不符合，去掉。

在A、B两项中，只有think of 结构才能构成被动语态；A项不符合，去掉。

B项正确。

10.—Do you know what Tom does all day？
—I know he spends at least________time watching TV as he does doing his lessons.
A. as more
B. more
C. much
D. as much
10.答案:D
提示:as much...as是同级比较，句意是“我知道他看电视的时间至少和做功课的时间一
样多”
11.He wanted his house________in a way_______natural.
A. to build；to look
B. build；looking
C. built；to look
D. being built；looks
11.答案:C
提示:built作宾语补足语，to look natural作a way的定语。

12.—Can I help you？
—I’d like to have the package，________madam.
A. weighed
B. to be weighed
C. to weigh
D. weighing
12.答案:A
提示:weighed作宾语补足语，该句意为“我想把我的行李称一下，夫人”。

13._______ the injures to his face and hands，he broke his left leg.
A. Beside
B. Despite
C. Apart from
D. Because of
13.答案:C
提示:apart from意为“除了”，符合题意。

另外也可用besides。

14.I haven’t time to see the movie._______，it’s had bad reviews.
A. However
B. Besides
C. Therefore
D. Otherwise
14.答案:B
提示:besides意为“而且，除此之外”。

这句话意思是“我没有时间看这部电影，而且人们对它的评价也不高”。

15.—Let’s go shopping after school.
—______，call for me at any time.
A. That depends
B. Hold on，please
C. Why
D. Sounds good
15.答案:D
提示:从call for me at any time可知，已经同意放学后去买东西。

因此表示同意前者的观点。

sounds good意为“听起来不错”，符合题意。

我综合我发展
Ⅰ.听力
第一节
听下面5段对话。

每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。

听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。

每段对话仅读一遍。

1.Where does the conversation most probably take place？
A. In a record shop.
B. In a jeweler’s shop.
C. In a toy shop.
答案：W: What exactly are you looking for？
M: I'm looking for a toy...for my nephew.
选C
2.When did her brother start smoking？
A. During college.
B. After college.
C. Before graduation.
答案：M: When did your brother first begin to smoke？During college？
W: No. He didn't start until after graduation from college.
选B
3.What are they talking about？
A. A holiday.
B. An accident.
C. Luck.
答案：W: What a shame about your accident! What a way to end your holiday!
M: Yes，it was bad luck. I suppose I should have been more careful.
选B
4.How much did the coat cost？
A. The coat cost $22 in a sale.
B. He said that he had bought a coat for $20，but he was lying.
C. His coat actually cost $2 more than the advertised price.
答案：W: Tony，your coat looks nice. Was it expensive？
M: The ad said that the coat was on sale for 20 dollars，but actually it was $22.
选C
5.Why does the second person give 50 cents？
A.T he class will have a party.
B. Everybody should give 50 cents.
C. To buy a present for their teacher.
答案：M: Hello! You know it's our teacher's birthday tomorrow. Well，we're collecting money to buy him a present from the class.
W: What a nice idea! Here's 50 cents，is that enough？
选C
第二节
听下面5段对话或独白。

每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。

听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。

每段对话或独白读两遍。

听第6段材料，回答第6~7题。

6.What did they do before the conversation？
A. They slept.
B. They had a drink.
C. They saw a film.
7.What do they want most now？
A. A drink.
B. A piece of cake.
C. Sleep.
答案：M: A wonderful film，wasn't it？
W: Oh，yes，it was. I enjoyed it very much. But now what I need is some sleep. M: Yes. It'd be nice to have a good rest. But I feel like a drink now.
W: As a matter of fact，I'm dying for a drink，too. I wouldn't mind a cup of tea right now.
M: All right，let's go to the teahouse and have some.
W: OK，let's go.
M: I'd like a piece of cake to go with the drink.
W: I guess we can get some there also.
选6.C 7.A
听第7段材料，回答第8~10题。

8.Why did Jim stop？
A. Because there was a rock on the path.
B. Because there were no trees.
C. Because it was too hot.
9.When he woke up，what did he find？
A. He found a snake by his feet.
B. He found his shirt was stolen.
C. He found a man standing in front of him.
10.Which is right according to the passage？
A. There are a few trees near the path.
B. Jim wasn’t afraid at all when he saw the snake.
C. At last the snake moved under the rock.
答案：Now here is a story. Please listen carefully.
By midday the sun was so strong that Jim could not go any further. There were no trees near the path，so he stopped under a big rock. After drinking the rest of his water，he took off his shirt and rolled it under his head. Then he lay down on the ground and went to sleep. It was so late in the afternoon when he woke up. He was just about to jump up when he felt something moving under his feet. He looked down. A long black snake was just about to move across his legs.
Jim watched，too afraid to do anything. The snake moved across his legs；he hesitated for a moment，then moved on and disappeared under the rock，Jim jumped to his feet，paused only to pick up his shirt and ran off down the path.
选8.C 9.A 10.C
听第8段材料，回答第11~13题。

11.Who are the speakers？
A.A passer-by and a policeman.
B.A passer-by and a driver.
C.A passenger and a taxi-driver.
12.What is the woman’s house number？
A. 1323.
B. 3023.
C. 4023.
13.Why can’t the man turn left？
A. It is rush hour.
B. It is a one-way street.
C. The street is too narrow.
答案：
W: Excuse me，but I think you made a wrong turn. You were supposed to turn left on Wilson Broward.
M: Oh，I'm sorry. Didn't you say 1323 Wilson？
W: No，3023.It's OK，though. You don't have to take me there. I can walk from here.
M: Why don't I just make a U-turn at the corner？
W: Well，you shouldn't make a U-turn there. It's a oneway street. See the sign
up ahead.
M: Well，maybe if I turn left here，I can come down the next street.
W: You can't do that either during rush hour.Really though，don't go to any trouble. Sometimes one can wait thirty minutes for a taxi. So I'm happy to get this close.
M: Thirty minutes! I've been riding around all day looking for passengers. 选11.C 12.B 13.A
听第9段材料，回答第14~16题。

14.What will they do on Saturday night？
A. Have a picnic.
B. Dance in the home of Mark and Mary.
C. Have dinner with Mark and Mary.
15.What time will they go to see the new movie？
A. On Sunday evening.
B. On Sunday afternoon.
C. On Sunday morning.
16.What will they not do in the weekend？
A. Seeing paintings.
B. Riding bikes.
C. Taking pictures.
答案：W: Well，do you want to have a picnic in the park on Saturday？
M: That's a good idea. And we can ride our bikes for a while，too.
W: Then there's a party.
M: Party？What party？
W: Have you forgotten？Mark and Mary invited us for dinner on Saturday night. M: I have forgotten. What time will we get home，do you think？
W: Probably late. Mary wants to go out after dinner to a place where we can dance.
M: Then we'll sleep all day on Sunday.
W: Oh，not all day. Don't you have something special that you want to do on Sunday？M: We talked about going to that new movie.
W: Oh，yes! We can go in the evening. There are some new paintings in museum that
I want to take a look at in the afternoon.
M: It sounds like a busy weekend.
W: Our weekends are always busy. But that's why in New York there is always so much to do!
选14.C 15.A 16.C
听第10段材料，回答第17~20题。

17.Where did the man send his Olympic Report？
A. From the USA.
B. From where the Olympic Games were held.
C .From the broadcast station.
18.How many gold medals did the Americans get in swimming in the first three days？
A. Three.
B. Five.
C. Six.
19.Who got the best score in gymnastics that night？
A. An American gymnast.
B. A Russian gymnast.
C. A Romanian gymnast.
20.Which is right according to the passage？
A. The time for the Olympic Report is 11:50 pm.
B. The time for the Olympic Report is 11:15 am.
C.An American swimmer got the first gold medal in the women’s 200meter freestyle.
答案：Good evening. It's 11:15...and it's time for the Olympic Report. Our report tonight is coming live by satellite from the Olympic Games.
Swimming Good evening. Well，today's most important event was certainly the women's 200meter freestyle. The American，Doris Kennedy，was first and got the gold medal. She swam 200 meters in a mew world record time of 1 minute 58 seconds. The USA won two gold medals yesterday，and three the day before，so in the first three days they've won six gold medals.
Gymnastics Here we are in the Olympic Gymnasium. Olga Ivanov，the fifteen-year-old Russian gymnast，has just finished her performance. We're waiting for the results now. And here's the result! She's got an average of 9.5 points. That's the best score today!
选17.B 18.C 19.B 20.C
Ⅱ.完形填空
A successful scientist is generally a good observer. He makes full 1 of the facts he observes. He doesn’t accept ideas which are not 2 on obvious facts，and therefore refuses to accept authority(权威) as the only 3 for truth. He always 4 ideas carefully and makes experiments to prove them.
The rise of 5 science may perhaps be considered to 6 as far back as the 7 of Roger Bacon，the wonderful philosopher of Oxford，who lived 8 the years 1214 and 1292.He was probably the first in the Middle 9 to suggest that we should learn science 10 observing and experimenting on the things around us，and he himself 11 many important discoveries.
Galileo，however，who lived more than 300 years later，was the greatest of several great men，12 lived in Italy，France，Germany，or England，began by 13 to show how many important
14 could be discovered by observation. Before Galileo，learned men believed that large bodies fell more 15 towards the earth than small ones，16 Aristotle said so. But Galileo，going to the 17 of the Leaning Tower of Pisa，let fall two 18 stones and proved Aristotle was wrong. It was Galileo’s 19 of going direct to Nature，and proving our 20 and theories by experiment，that has led to all the discoveries of modern science.
e B.time C.speed D.trust
1.答案:A
提示:make full use of为固定短语，意为“充分利用”。

这里指充分采用他所观察的事实。

2.A.worked B.based C.lived D.written
2.答案:B
提示:be based on意思为“以……为根据”。

这里指以明显的事实为依据。

3.A.reason B.cause C.advice D.result
3.答案:A
提示:这里表述的是他不认为权威就是真理的理由。

cause强调的是“根源”，reason强调的是“理由”。

4.A.thinks B.checks C.has D.learn
4.答案:B
提示:根据后面的内容，可以推知他总是仔细审核观点并做试验来验证。

5.A.natural B.physical C.ancient D.modern
5.答案:D
提示:从此句后半部分以及本文最后一句可以知道应该是指现代科学。

6.A.date B.keep C.look D.take
6.答案:A
提示:date back(to...)为固定短语，意思是“追溯到……时间”。

符合题意。

7.A.study B.time C.year D.birth
7.答案:B
提示:此处time意思是“时代、时期”。

8.A.both B.each C.between D.among
8.答案:C
提示:根据句意，此处指的是生活在1214年和1292年之间，而不是生活在这两年，故答案应该选C。

9.A.Schools B.Ages C.Days D.Countries
9.答案:B
提示:此处the Middle Ages是指“中世纪”，age意思是“时代、时期”。

10.A.in B.with C.on D.by
10.答案:D
提示:此处句意为“我们必须通过对我们周围的事情进行观察和做实验来学科学”。

另外，on和by都有“靠、凭借”的意思，但是on后常常接名词或代词；by后接动名词。

11.A.did B.made C.took D.gave
11.答案:B
提示:make a discovery为固定短语，意思是“发现”。

在此符合题意。

12.A.who B.when C.that D.where
12.答案:A
提示:此处who引导一个定语从句，who指代前面的the greatest(of several great men)。

13.A.ways B.degrees C.levels D.chance
13.答案:B
提示:此处by degrees为一个固定短语，相当于gradually，意思是“渐渐地、逐渐地”。

在此符合题意。

14.A.truths B.problems C.people D.subjects
14.答案:A
提示:根据语境，此处是指通过观察、实验来发现真理(truth)，而不是问题。

15.A.slowly B.rapidly C.lightly D.heavily
15.答案:B
提示:此处讲述的是在伽利略之前的所谓有学问的科学家的观点，而这种想法后来被伽利略证明是错误的。

16.A.when B.because C.although D.if
16.答案:B
提示:这里所说的“large bodies fell more rapidly towards the earth than small ones”的观点，其实是指当时亚里斯多德的观点，当时人们都把他当作权威。

17.A.place B.foot C.top D.ceiling
17.答案:C
提示:此处指这一试验是在比萨斜塔的顶上进行的，因此答案应该填C项。

18.A.big B.small C.equal D.unequal
18.答案:D
提示:根据上文所说的，人们相信大物体总比小物体下落快。

为了做实验来验证亚里斯多德的这一观点，伽利略到比萨斜塔的顶上同时放下两个体积不等的石块。

19.A.spirit B.skill C.theory D.discovery
19.答案:A
提示:从上文可以看出，这就是伽利略直接走向大自然的精神，也正是由于伽利略这一深入事物本质，并通过实验证明观点和理论的精神引领了所有现代科学的发现。

此处spirit意思是“精神”。

20.A.plans B.opinions C.world D.ability
20.答案:B
提示:此处opinion意思是“观点”。

伽利略证明我们的观点和理论的精神引领了所有现代科学的发现。

Ⅲ.阅读理解
A
Whatever our differences as human beings are，we all think we’re more like the rest of the animal world than we realize. It is said that we share 40 percent of our genetic structure with the simple worm.
But that fact has helped Sir John Sulston win the 2002 Nobel Prize for Medicine. Sir John is the founder of the Sanger Institute in Cambridge，which was set up in 1992 to get further understanding of the human genome.
To help them do this, they turned to the worm. The nematode(线虫类的)worm is one of the earliest creatures on earth. It is less than one millimeter log，completely transparent(透明的)and spends its entire life-digging holes through sand. But it still has lots to say about human life，and what can be done to make it better.
What the worm told Sir John and his colleagues was that each of the cells in the human body is programmed like a computer. They grow，develop and die according to a set of instructions that are coded in our genetic make-up.
Many of the diseases that humans suffer from happen when these instructions go wrong or are not obeyed. When the cell refuses to die but carries on growing instead，this leads to cancer. Heart attacks and diseases like AIDS cause more cell deaths than normal，increasing the damage they do to the body. Sir John was the first scientist to prove the existence of programmed cell death.
1. Sir John Sulston got a Nobel Prize for Medicine because he has______.
A. found that human beings are similar to the worm
B. got the fact we share 40 percent of our genetic structure with the simple worm
C. found the computer which controls each of the cells in the human body
D. proved that cell death is programmed
1.答案:D
提示:根据文章第二段以及文章最后一句可以判断出只有D项符合题意。

2. People might be seriously ill if the cells in their body_______.
A. grow without being instructed
B. die regularly
C. fail to follow people’s instructions
D. develop in the human body
2.答案:A
提示:根据最后一段第一句“Many of the diseases that humans suffer from happen when these instructions go wrong or are not obeyed.”可以得出只有A项符合题意。

3.The underlined word “they” refers to“________”.
A. cell deaths
B. diseases
C. instructions
D. cells
3.答案:B
提示:根据最后一段倒数第二句“Heart attacks and dis eases like AIDS cause more cell deaths than normal，increasing the damage they do to the body.”理解可判断出they 指代的是前面的diseases。

4.What is the subject discussed in the text？
A. The theory of programmed cell deaths.
B. A great scientist—Sir John Sulston.
C. The programmed human life.
D. The genetic structure.
4.答案:A
提示:根据文章最后一段最后一句“Sir John was the first scientist to prove the existence of programmed cell death.”可以推知此答案。

B
What makes a person a scientist？Does he have ways or tools of learning that are different from those of others？The answer is “no”. It isn’t the tools a scientist uses but how he uses these tools which make him a scientist. You will probably agree that knowing how to use a power is important to a carpenter(木匠).You will probably agree，too，that knowing how to investigate(调查)，how to discover information，is important to everyone. The scientist，however，goes one step further；he must be sure that he has a reasonable answer to his questions and that his answer he gets to many questions is into a large set of ideas about how the world works.
The scientist’s knowledge must be exact. There’s no room for half right or right just half the time. He must be as nearly right as the conditions permit. What works under one set of conditions at one time must work under the same conditions at other times. If the conditions are different，any changes the scientist observes in a demonstration(实证)must be explained by the changes in the conditions. This
is one reason why investigations are important in science. Albert Einstein，who developed the Theory of Relativity，arrived at this theory through mathematics. The accuracy(正确性)of his mathematics was later tested through investigation. Einstein’s ideas were proved to be correct. A scientist uses many tools for measurements. Then the measurements are used to make mathematical calculations(计算)that may test his investigations.
5.What makes a scientist according to the passage？
A. The tools he uses.
B. His ways of learning.
C. The way he uses his tools.
D. The various tools he uses.
5.答案:C
提示:由第一段“It isn't...but how he uses...scientist”可知答案选C。

6.“...knowing how to investigate，how to discover information，is important to everyone.” The writer says this to show_______.
A. the importance of information
B. the difference between scientists and ordinary people
C. the importance of thinking
D. the difference between carpenters and ordinary people
6.答案:C
提示:第一段“...knowing how to investigate...”强调知道怎样去调查，去获取信息，即一种思考的过程，暗示思维的重要性。

7.A sound scientific theory should be one that_______.
A. works under one set of conditions at one time and also works under the same conditions at other times
B. doesn’t allow any change even under different conditions
D. can be used for many purposes
7.答案:A
提示:由第二段“What works...times”可知。

8.What is the main idea of the passage？
A. Scientists are different from ordinary people.
B. The Theory of Relativity.
C. Exactness is the core(核心)of science.
D. Exactness and way of using tools are the keys to making of a scientist.
8.答案:D
提示:文章第一段主要讲述合理利用工具的重要性，第二段主要说明准确的重要性。

故选D 项。