英语新导学人教全国选修七讲义：Unit 3-Period Three Word含答案

Period Three Grammar—Revise the Passive Voice (Ⅱ)
(including the -ing form)
课文原句感知
1．As we drew closer，I could see a whale being attacked(attack) by a pack of about six other killers.
2．Being badly wounded(wound)，the whale soon died.
3．From James’s face，I could see he was terrified of being abandoned(abandon) by us. 4．When we approached him，I saw James being firmly held(hold) up in the water by Old Tom.
动词-ing形式包括现在分词和动名词两种形式，因而其被动结构也有这两种形式。

从时态上讲，动词-ing形式的被动语态有一般时和完成时两种，即being done和having been done。

动名词的被动形式在句中可作主语和宾语；现在分词的被动形式在句中可作补语、定语和状语。

一、结构
二、意义
1．一般时表示一个被动的动作正在进行或与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生。

She insisted on being given the hardest work.
她坚持被派给最艰苦的工作。

2．完成时表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前。

I appreciated having been given the chance to study abroad two years ago.
我非常感谢两年前获得了去国外学习的机会。

三、用法
1．作主语
Being laughed at in public is a terrible experience.
在公共场合被嘲笑是一次非常不愉快的经历。

2．作宾语
I forget once being taken to the sea when I was young.
我忘了小时候曾被带到海边。

注意：(1)表示“需要(want，need，require)”的主语通常是物，用动名词的主动式表示被动时，也可改为不定式的被动式。

This sentence needs improving.
＝This sentence needs to be improved.
这个句子需要改善。

(2)be worth后常跟动名词的主动形式表示被动含义。

If a thing is worth doing，it is worth doing well.
如果一件事情值得做，就值得做好。

(3)动名词的被动形式的复合结构
当动名词的被动形式的逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致时，要在v.-ing形式之前加上物主代词或名词所有格(整个复合结构不作主语时，可用人称代词宾格代替物主代词，名词普通格代替名词所有格)。

其中物主代词(名词所有格)是v.-ing形式逻辑上的主语。

I’m very pleased at you/your having been honoured with a medal.我很高兴你能荣获一枚奖牌。

3．作表语
What made his parents happy was his being admitted to a famous university.
让他父母高兴的是他被一所名牌大学录取了。

4．作定语
The meeting being held now is very important.
现在正在召开的会议非常重要。

注意：动词-ing形式的被动形式表示一个被动的动作正在进行；过去分词表示一个被动的动作已经发生；不定式的被动式表示将来的一个被动动作。

a meeting being held now现在正在举行的会议
a meeting held yesterday昨天举行的会议
a meeting to be held tomorrow明天将会举行的会议
5．作宾补
He often watches the boats being unloaded.
他常常看到轮船卸货。

6．作状语
Being asked to give a performance，she couldn’t very well refuse.有人请她表演一个节目，她不好拒绝。

单句语法填空
1．Listening to music at home is one thing，going to hear it being performed(perform) live is quite another.(2015·浙江)
2．The film star wears sunglasses.Therefore，he can go shopping without being recognized (recognize)．(2014·北京)
3．Shortly after suffering from a massive earthquake and being reduced(reduce) to ruins，the city took on a new look.(2013·江苏)
4．China recently tightened its waters controls near the Huangyan Island to prevent Chinese fishing boats from being attacked(attack) in the South China Sea.(2012·福建)
5．Having been asked(ask) to work overtime that evening，I missed a wonderful film.
(2012·重庆)
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．It makes me sick to see her being treated(treat) so badly.
2．Listen! The poem being recited(recite) is very popular with the students.
3．Being punished(punish) by the coach made Tom unhappy.
4．The little girl is afraid of being attacked(attack) by the dogs.
5．—Why didn’t you go to see the play?
—Having been told(tell) the whole story，I decided not to see it.
Ⅱ.单句改错(每小题仅有1处错误)
6．The boy hated being laughing
laughed at in public.
7．The suggestion
∧
being discussed now sounds very practical.
8．The old man was afraid of
∧
being abandoned by his son.
9．I was very angry at not
∧
being invited to their wedding party.
10．The bridge being designed by the girl has attracted a lot of visitors.
Ⅲ.完成句子
11．我看到那个人正被警察带走。

I saw the man being taken away by the police.
12．这个问题远未得到解决。

The question is far from being settled.
13．客人们参观完了实验室后又被带去看图书馆。

Having been shown around the lab，the guests were taken to see the library.
14．这个问题需要仔细研究。

This problem requires studying/to be studied with great care.
15．在会议上正在被讨论的话题是关于教育的。

The topic being discussed now at the meeting is about education.
Ⅳ.语法填空
Our modern life is changing our eating habits.We 16.are spending(spend) too much time in front of TV or computers and becoming “couch potatoes” or “mouse potatoes”. We also eat too much junk food and we don’t get enough exercise.The foods we find in the supermarket are sometimes not 17.beneficial(benefit) to us，and it is difficult to know 18.exactly(exact) what we are eating when we buy ready-made or pre-prepared dishes.19.Considering(consider) this situation，it is becoming 20.more(much) important than ever to make sure that we keep a healthy diet.
A healthy diet gives us the calories we need and don’t contain too much fat.The number of calories we need 21.varies(vary) depending on what kind of body we have (are we short，tall，heavy etc.) and 22.how active we are.Quality food，or healthy food，gives us calories 23.in the best way.Junk food，on the other hand，gives us few calories and lots of fat and sugar.If we eat too much fat and sugar，we 24.will put(put) on weight easily.In order to live a happy and long life，we should keep 25.a balanced diet.
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2017·湖北武汉二中高二期中)
The TV science-fiction series Star Trek no longer looked far-fetched(牵强的) as four men and
four women in black spacesuits locked themselves into a giant hi-tech greenhouse，known as a “biosphere”，in the Arizona desert yesterday for a two-year study of the environment.
As dawn broke over the Santa Catalina mountains，the eight waved goodbye to television cameras.Edward Ross，their multibillionaire sponsor from a Texas oil family，closed the door of the
150 million structure，with its mini-ocean，marsh，desert，savanna，rainforest and 3,800 plant and animal species designed to allow the team to recreate the Earth and its ecosystems.
The so-called Biosphere 2 is the latest one of a dozen environmental projects started by the self-titled “ecopreneur”．The project’s main aim is to set up a self-sustaining community for possible use in a spaceship or on another planet.The crew members must plant，harvest and process their food on a half-acre farm in the seven-storey glass and metal structure，while conducting a series of experiments.
“We will be custodians(监护人) of our new little world，” said Abigail Mayer，aged 31，a US marine biologist on the team，her voice choking with emotion.“It is a brave new step.” Many scientists，however，are more than skeptical.They point out that the largest closed ecosystem which survived more than a few days was smaller than a football.It was developed at the University of Miami and contained only shrimp，algae and other micro-organisms.
Critics have also accused Mr Ross of being more interested in producing a profitable theme park than in carrying out serious scientific research.Hundreds of tourists visited the site daily in
summer before it was occupied by the team.They paid 9.95 to enter and all stopped at the souvenir shop.
1．What’s the location of the project?
A．Texas. B．University of Miami.
C．Arizona desert. D．The space.
答案 C
解析细节理解题。

根据第一段中的“...in the Arizona desert yesterday for a two-year study of the environment.”可知选C项。

2．What can we infer from the passage?
A．There is a scene in Star Trek where four men and four women locked themselves into a giant greenhouse.
B．All the species of plants and animals on the Earth were brought into the greenhouse.
C．Mr Ross made tourists stop at the souvenir shop to gain profits.
D．Many scientists are doubtful whether this system can last long enough.
答案 D
解析推理判断题。

根据倒数第二段中的“Many scientists，however，are more than skeptical.They point out that the largest closed ecosystem which survived more than a few days was smaller than a football.”，尤其是skeptical一词可知，D项正确。

3．What’s the author’s attitude towards the project?
A．Critical. B．Neutral.
C．Skeptical. D．Supportive.
答案 B
解析观点态度题。

本文作者只是简单陈述这件事以及各方的态度，并没有表明自己的态度。

故选B项(中立的)。

B
(2018·安徽江淮名校高二期中)
Peggy Whitson’s job demands a daily two-hour workout in a gym where weight has no meaning and the view changes at 17,000 miles an hour.
Whitson makes it look easy.At 57，she is the oldest woman to fly in space，breaking the record last November when she began her third long-term stay at the International Space Station.After returning home in September,2017，the NASA astronaut felt matter-of-fact about the age milestone(里程碑)．
“It wasn’t a record I was seeking out，” Whitson said.“I was 42 and 48 for my first two space flights.I feel lucky that I was able to get to do another one in my 50s.I don’t think people should let age discourage them，even on those jobs that require some amount of physical fitness.The oldest man is John Glenn (at 77)，and we’ve had male astronauts in their 60s before，so it’s not that unusual to be in your late 50s and be able to fly in space.It was just a matter of time before women started flying in space at this age.”
On Earth，she stays fit by weightlifting，biking，playing basketball and water skiing.She shared what it’s like to live in micro-gravity: “It’s like you’re in a swimming pool，but you don’t have to worry about breathing.If I push off from one side，I’m going to float to the other side.Every direction feels exactly the same，which is really hard for your brain to grasp，but it’s amazing how fast you adapt.
It’s a big shock for the body to come back to Earth—everything is so heavy.We spend a lot of time getting used being back in gravity again.Back pain is really the most dramatic for me this time.For me，coming home is harder than going up into space.”
语篇解读美国国家航空航天局的女宇航员Peggy Whitson三次登上太空，特别是2017年这一次，当时她已经57岁。

她的经历向人们证明：不要因为年龄大而气馁，即使你变老了，仍然可以成功。

4．What does the underlined word “matter-of-fact” in Paragraph 2 probably mean? A．Amazing. B．Natural.
C．Enthusiastic. D．Unbelievable.
答案 B
解析词义猜测题。

根据第三段Whitson所说的话可知，她认为这个划时代的里程碑是很自然的。

故选B。

5．How many days did Peggy Whitson spend in space for her third stay in the International Space Station?
A．About 300 days. B．About 708 days.
C．About 107 days. D．About 57 days.
答案 A
解析数字计算题。

根据第二段中的“...breaking the record last November when she began her third long-term stay at the International Space Station.After returning home in September,2017...”可知，从2016的11月到2017年的9月，Peggy Whitson在太空度过了大约10个月的时间，也就是大约300天。

故选A。

6．According to the passage，which of the following is TRUE?
A．Peggy Whitson is the oldest person to fly in space，breaking the record.
B．There have been female astronauts in their 60s before.
C．Peggy Whitson likes swimming most to stay fit on earth.
D．Peggy Whitson had been in space in 2002 and 2008.
答案 D
解析推理判断题。

根据第二段可知2017年Peggy Whitson进行她的第三次太空旅行时57岁；根据第三段中的“I was 42 and 48 for my first two space flights.”可知，她的前两次太空之旅分别在42岁和48岁。

由此可推知，第一次是在2002年，第二次是在2008年。

故选D。

7．Which of the following will Peggy Whitson probably say?
A．You can still be successful and do physical things when you get older.
B．I spent quite a lot of time getting used to the life in space.
C．The moment we reached the earth，we felt so relaxed.
D．I feel lucky that I am physically all right after the whole journey.
答案 A
解析推理判断题。

根据第三段中的“I feel lucky that I was able to get to do another one in my 50s.I don’t think people should let age discourage them，even on those jobs that require some amount of physical fitness.”可知选A。

Ⅱ.完形填空
(2018·陕西安康高二期中)
When I was in the first grade，doctors found a cancer in my head.It changed my 8 .After an operation，I spent a whole year getting treatment.The 9 medicine that cured the cancer made my stomach hurt.One day，when I found out a program that trains dogs to be friends with people，I 10 my parents to let me have one.They knew it had been a(n) 11 year for me and they said yes.I was really happy，but I didn’t 12 that my life was about to change again.
We went to visit a few dogs to see if any seemed 13 for me.We went outside to play with them，and I found there was 14 magical about one dog.Instead of running around and playing like the other dogs，Coco just 15 with me on the grass.Since I felt so 16 ，taking a rest was all I wanted to do.Coco seemed to 17 it.Right then，I started to feel better with Coco sitting next to me.I knew she was the right dog，and she came home with us.
Coco was 18 there for me and with the help of her 19 ，my cancer was cured.That was when I realized that I 20 to help someone else get a dog like Coco.I 21 that if I could do that，another kid with cancer could start to feel better，too.
I needed to 22 enough money for one 23 dog.I sold home-made dog biscuits and after a summer of sales，I had enough money to pay for a(n) 24 .My first adopted dog，Lucky Bug，went to Krysta，who had lost most of her 25 when she got cancer.She couldn’t see the dog，26 she could get to know him by touching and smelling him.
I 27 cancer，and I knew Lucky Bug would help Krysta the way Coco had helped me.
8．A.habits B．hobbies
C．character D．life
答案 D
解析根据本段最后一句中的“my life was about to change again”及下文内容可知，癌症改变了作者的生活。

故选D。

9．A.terrible B．traditional
C．expensive D．efficient
答案 A
解析根据下文中的“made my stomach hurt”可知，这种药物很可怕。

terrible 可怕的，很糟的。

故选A。

10．A.advised B．begged
C．allowed D．helped
答案 B
解析有一天，当我发现一个训练狗和人交朋友的节目时，我恳求我的父母给我买一条小狗。

由下文中的“and they said yes”可知作者是恳求父母。

beg恳求，乞求。

故选B。

11．A.strange B．tough
C．new D．exciting
答案 B
解析根据上文中的“I spent a whole year getting treatment”可知作者经历的这一年比较艰难。

tough艰难的。

故选B。

12．A.believe B．remember
C．realize D．understand
答案 C
解析我真的很高兴，但我没有意识到我的生活即将再次改变。

realize意识到。

故选C。

13．A.beautiful B．friendly
C．right D．gentle
答案 C
解析根据下文中的“I knew she was the right dog”可知，作者想找一只适合自己的狗。

right 正确的，合适的。

故选C。

14．A.everything B．something
C．anything D．nothing
答案 B
解析由下文Coco与其他狗的不同可知，作者觉得Coco身上有些东西很神奇。

something 某事，某物，故选B。

15．A.played B．lay
C．ran D．sat
答案 D
解析根据下文中的“I started to feel better with Coco sitting next to me”可知，Coco没有和其他狗一起奔跑玩耍，而是坐在作者身旁。

故选D。

16．A.sick B．sad
C．bored D．lonely
答案 A
解析根据下文中的“taking a rest was all I wanted to do”可知，作者总感觉不舒服。

sick生病的，不舒服的，故选A。

17．A.enjoy B．sense
C．share D．keep
答案 B
解析根据上文中的“Instead of running around and playing like the other dogs，Coco just with me on the grass.”可知，Coco不像其他的狗一样到处跑来跑去，它只是陪我坐在草地上。

可推知Coco好像感觉到作者的不舒服。

sense感觉。

故选B。

18．A.always B．sometimes
C．seldom D．never
答案 A
解析Coco一直陪在我身边，在她的友谊的帮助下，我的癌症治愈了。

always总是。

故选A。

19．A.care B．effort
C．medicine D．friendship
答案 D
解析句意见上题解析。

friendship友谊。

故选D。

20．A.planned B．prepared
C．wanted D．offered
答案 C
解析那时我意识到我想帮助别人得到一只像Coco一样的狗。

want to do sth.想要做某事。

故
选C。

21．A.admitted B．doubted
C．figured D．discovered
答案 C
解析作者在小狗的陪伴下，身体感觉好多了，并最终克服了癌症，所以作者认为其他患癌症的孩子在有小狗的陪伴下也会开始好起来。

figure认为。

故选C。

22．A.borrow B．raise
C．save D．receive
答案 B
解析我需要筹集足够的钱去买一只受过训练的狗。

raise筹集。

故选B。

23．A.abandoned B．trained
C．cured D．lost
答案 B
解析句意见上题解析。

trained训练过的。

故选B。

24．A.adoption B．treatment
C．project D．biscuit
答案 A
解析根据下文中的“My first adopted dog”可知选A。

25．A.patience B．energy
C．eyesight D．hearing
答案 C
解析根据下文中的“She couldn’t see the dog”可知，女孩几乎失明了。

eyesight视力。

故选C。

26．A.as B．or
C．if D．but
答案 D
解析她看不见那只狗，但她可以通过触摸和闻它来了解它。

前后为转折关系，根据题意可知选D。

27．A.forgot B．survived
C．ignored D．hated
答案 B
解析根据上文中的“my cancer was cured”可知，我挺过了癌症。

survive幸存，挺过。

故选B。